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WO2006098097A1 - Système optique d’affichage d’image et affichage d’image - Google Patents

Système optique d’affichage d’image et affichage d’image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006098097A1
WO2006098097A1 PCT/JP2006/301994 JP2006301994W WO2006098097A1 WO 2006098097 A1 WO2006098097 A1 WO 2006098097A1 JP 2006301994 W JP2006301994 W JP 2006301994W WO 2006098097 A1 WO2006098097 A1 WO 2006098097A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image display
substrate
light beam
display
optical system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2006/301994
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshikazu Hirayama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nikon Corp
Original Assignee
Nikon Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nikon Corp filed Critical Nikon Corp
Publication of WO2006098097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006098097A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/64—Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
    • G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings

Definitions

  • Image display optical system and image display apparatus are Image display optical system and image display apparatus
  • the present invention relates to an image display device that forms a virtual image of an image display element in front of an observation eye in accordance with a signal from an external device.
  • the present invention also relates to an image display optical system mounted on the image display device.
  • Patent Document 1 An image display optical system for an eyeglass display (called a complier or the like) has been proposed having a large exit pupil (Patent Document 1, etc.).
  • a display light beam emitted from an image display element is introduced into a transparent substrate after being collimated by an optical element such as an objective lens, and disposed inside the substrate.
  • the display light beam is deflected by a plurality of mirrors (half mirrors) parallel to each other and led out of the substrate.
  • the individual mirrors are formed by arranging the exit pupils outside the substrate. If the pupil of the observation eye is placed at any position of the exit pupil, the observer can observe the virtual image of the image display element superimposed on the outside scene at infinity.
  • exit pupil the total exit pupil
  • a large exit pupil is advantageous in that the degree of freedom of the position of the pupil of the observation eye increases.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2003-536102
  • the outside world observed by the observer may be a finite distance instead of an infinite distance. For example, when used indoors.
  • the virtual image formation distance is limited to infinity, and it is difficult to make it a finite distance.
  • the reason is as follows. First, in order to make the virtual image formation distance of the image display optical system finite, it is necessary to make the display light beam of each pixel introduced into the substrate a slight divergent light beam that is not a perfect parallel light beam. There is. This can be easily realized by adjusting the positional relationship between the objective lens and the image display element.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an image display optical system and an image display apparatus that can set a virtual image formation distance of an image display element to a finite value while ensuring a large exit pupil. To do.
  • the image display optical system of the present invention introduces a first optical element that converts a display light beam emitted from each pixel of the image display element into a parallel light beam and the display light beam that has been converted into a parallel light beam.
  • a first optical element that converts a display light beam emitted from each pixel of the image display element into a parallel light beam and the display light beam that has been converted into a parallel light beam.
  • a second optical element that provides optical power to all the display light fluxes derived from the substrate is provided.
  • the base and the plurality of mirrors have a property of transmitting an external light beam that arrives at the base from the outside at substantially the same angle as the display light beam when entering the exit pupil.
  • a third optical element that imparts optical power to the external light flux that arrives at the base may be further provided.
  • the sum of the optical powers of the third optical element and the second optical element may be set to zero.
  • the sum of the optical powers of the third optical element and the second optical element is a diopter of the observation eye with respect to the external environment. Is set to the value to be corrected.
  • Another image display optical system of the present invention guides the display light beam emitted from the image display element force.
  • An image display optical system comprising a substrate that enters and propagates inside, and a plurality of mirrors that deflect the display light beam propagating inside the substrate and guide it to the outside of the substrate, as viewed from the exit pupil.
  • the image display optical system may further include an introduction mirror that deflects the display light beam introduced into the base body so as to propagate while being internally reflected.
  • the plurality of mirrors are provided on any surface of the base on which the display light beam is internally reflected, and between the plurality of mirrors and the surface. May include a functional film that guides a part of the display light beam to the plurality of mirrors without interfering with the internal reflection.
  • the introduction mirror deflects the display light beam introduced into the base so as to be internally reflected by three or more surfaces of the base. There may be.
  • An image display apparatus includes: an image display element; and any one of the image display optical systems according to the present invention that forms the exit pupil based on a display light beam emitted from the image display element. .
  • the image display device and the image display optical system are further fixed to an observer's head, and further provided with mounting means for disposing the exit pupil in the vicinity of the observer's observation eye. Also good.
  • an image display optical system and an image display device that can set a virtual image formation distance of an image display element to a finite value while ensuring a large exit pupil are realized.
  • FIG. 1 is an external view of an eyeglass display.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the first embodiment.
  • 3] A schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the first embodiment.
  • IV] is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical system portion of an eyeglass display according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a substrate portion 1 of an eyeglass display provided with an air gap.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the film configuration of the multilayer film of Example 1.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the angular characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of Example 1.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristic of reflectance with respect to light with an incident angle of 0 ° of the multilayer film of Example 1.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of Example 1 with respect to light having an incident angle of 60 °.
  • FIG. 14 is a view showing the film configuration of the multilayer film of Example 2.
  • FIG. 15 A graph showing the angular characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of Example 2.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film of Example 2 with respect to light with an incident angle of 0 °.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of reflectance with respect to light with an incident angle of 60 ° of the multilayer film of Example 2.
  • FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of an optical system used in the method for manufacturing a holographic optical element of Example 3.
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the sixth embodiment.
  • ⁇ 21 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the seventh embodiment.
  • ⁇ 22] It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the eyeglass display of the eighth embodiment.
  • ⁇ 23 It is a figure explaining the setting method of the attitude
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a calculation result of the arrangement angle of the half mirror when the formation distance D of the virtual image is 3 m.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the calculation result of the arrangement angle of the half mirror when the virtual image formation distance D is lm.
  • FIG. 27 is a view for explaining a method of setting the posture of the half mirror of Example 4 (the number of half mirrors is an even number).
  • FIG. 28 is a view for explaining a method of setting the posture of the half mirror of Example 4 (roof-type mirror type).
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic sectional view of a substrate part 1 of an eyeglass display according to a ninth embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • Figure 1 is an external view of this eyeglass display.
  • the present eyeglass display is formed by fixing a substrate part 1, an image introducing unit 2, a cable 3 and the like to a frame 4 having a structure similar to that of a spectacle frame.
  • the substrate portion 1 has a substrate force whose outer shape is adjusted in the same manner as the outer shape of the spectacle lens, and is attached to one front portion of the frame 4 (the left front portion in FIG. 1).
  • the image introduction unit 2 is attached to one temple (the left temple in FIG. 1) of the frame 4 or the like.
  • the image introduction unit 2 is connected to an external device (such as a personal computer) via a cable 3.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the optical system part (image display optical system) of the eyeglass display.
  • the substrate unit 1 includes two substrates 11, 1 in order from the outside to the observation eye E. 3 is arranged. These substrates 11 and 13 are provided with a display light flux L (here, visible light) introduced from the image introduction unit 2 and an external light flux L ′ (here, visible light) directed toward the observation eye E from the outside world. And transparent).
  • L display light flux
  • L ′ here, visible light
  • the substrate 11 is a parallel plate, and an introduction mirror 11a, which is a total reflection mirror, and a plurality of half mirrors l ib parallel to each other are arranged in predetermined positions at predetermined positions, respectively.
  • the substrate 13 is a plano-concave lens (refractive lens) with a concave surface facing the observation eye E side. These substrates 11 and 13 are in close contact with each other with a functional film 13a made of a dielectric multilayer film having a function equivalent to an air gap.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display along a horizontal plane (horizontal plane viewed from the observer) including the optical path of the display light beam L.
  • a small image display element 2a such as a liquid crystal display element and an objective lens 2b are arranged.
  • the display light beam L emitted from each pixel of the image display element 2a is converted into a parallel light flux by the objective lens 2b.
  • the display light beam L converted into the parallel light beam reaches the surface on the observation eye E side of the substrate 11 through the substrate 13 and the functional film 13a.
  • the incident angle of the display light beam L on this surface is a small angle regardless of which pixel the display light beam is, and is smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 11. Incident inside.
  • the passage region of the display light beam L incident on this surface has no optical power and is a parallel plate.
  • the display light beam L incident on the inside of the substrate 11 is reflected by the introduction mirror 11a in the substrate 11, and the substrate 11 is incident at an incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 11 (for example, an angle near 60 °). It enters the observation eye E side of 11 and reflects off that surface. Then, the display light beam L is incident on the external surface of the substrate 11 and is similarly reflected. The display light beam L repeats this, and propagates in the direction of the observation eye E while being alternately reflected (internal reflection) between the observation eye E side surface and the external field side surface. Thereafter, the display light beam L sequentially enters the plurality of half mirrors l ib in the substrate 11.
  • the display light beams L incident on the plurality of half mirrors l ib at a predetermined incident angle are respectively deflected in the direction of the observation eye E, and are incident on the surface of the substrate 11 on the observation eye E side smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c. Incident at an angle of incidence (an angle near 0 °). Therefore, the display light beam L is emitted to the outside of the substrate 11 and is incident on a region near the observation eye E through the functional film 13a and the substrate 13, and an exit pupil P is formed there. The exit pupil P is increased by the number of half mirrors l ib.
  • the functional film 13a has a function equivalent to that of the air gap, that is, substantially 100% reflectivity with respect to visible light having an angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 11 (for example, an angle near 60 °). It must be designed to show approximately 100% transparency for visible light with an angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c (eg near 0 °)!
  • the display light beam L propagating through the substrate 11 is converted into a parallel light beam. Therefore, the plurality of display light beams L immediately after being reflected by the plurality of half mirrors l ib are light beams that respectively form the virtual image ⁇ of the image display element 2a at infinity.
  • the substrate 13 (a plano-concave lens) is inserted into the entire display light beam L after being emitted from the substrate 11, so that the entire display light beam L has a negative optical power. Receive.
  • the display light beam L incident on the exit pupil P is not a parallel light beam but has the same divergence angle as the divergent light beam diverging from a predetermined position at a finite distance D.
  • the observation eye E can observe the virtual image I of the image display element 2a at a predetermined position of the finite distance D.
  • the present eyeglass display can set the formation distance of the virtual image I to a finite value while ensuring a large exit pupil P.
  • the formation distance of the virtual image I can be adjusted only by adjusting the refractive power of the substrate 13 (the radius of curvature of the concave surface).
  • FIGS. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display. Only the differences from the eyeglass display of the first embodiment will be described here.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display.
  • the substrate portion 1 of this eyeglass display has a dielectric multilayer film on the outside of the substrate 11.
  • the parallel plate-like substrate 15 is in close contact with the functional film 15a.
  • the adjacent half mirror l ib and half mirror l ib are roof-shaped
  • Fmirror l ib is also parallel to each other.
  • a folding mirror 1 lc for folding the display light beam L propagating through the substrate 11 and reciprocating the substrate 11 is provided inside the substrate 11.
  • the functional film 15a is semi-transmissive to the display light beam L (for example, visible light having an incident angle near 60 °) that reciprocates inside the substrate 11, and has an angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c of the substrate 11. It is designed to be nearly 100% transparent to visible light at a degree (eg, near 0 ° incident angle).
  • a part of the display light beam L traveling in the forward path in the substrate 11 enters the substrate 15 through the functional film 15a. , Is incident on one half mirror l ib.
  • a part of the display light flux L during the return path in the substrate 11 is
  • the half mirror l ib deflects the display light beam L incident thereon in the direction of the observation eye E, and
  • the mirror I ib deflects the display light beam L incident thereon in the direction of the observation eye E.
  • the display light beam L deflected by the lasers l ib and l ib is the functional film 15a, the substrate 11, the functional film 13a, and
  • the substrate 13 (a plano-concave lens) is inserted into the entire display light beam L after being emitted from the substrate 11, the entire display light beam L after being emitted from the substrate 11 is inserted. Receives negative optical power.
  • the display light beam L incident on the exit pupil P is not a parallel light beam but has the same divergence angle as the divergent light beam diverging from a predetermined position at a finite distance.
  • the observation eye E can observe the virtual image I of the image display element 2a at a predetermined position at a finite distance.
  • the force folding mirror 11c provided with the folding mirror 11c can be omitted.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display. Here, only differences from the eyeglass display of the first embodiment (see FIGS. 2 and 3) will be described.
  • the substrate 13 added in the first embodiment gives an appropriate negative optical power to the display light beam L, but the same negative light is also applied to the external light beam directed from the outside to the observation eye E. I will give you the optical power. For this reason, in the first embodiment, there is a problem that the observation distance of the outside world by the observation eye E deviates from the actual distance. In this embodiment, such a deviation in the observation distance of the outside world is suppressed.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of the optical system portion of the present idle display.
  • the substrate 12 is in close contact with the substrate portion 1 of the present eyeglass display on the outside of the substrate 11 with the functional film 12a interposed therebetween.
  • the functional film 12a is the same as the functional film 13a, and the substrate 12 is a plano-convex lens (refractive lens) with a convex surface facing the outside.
  • This substrate 12 does not act on the display light beam L, and gives positive optical power only to the external light beam L ′ directed from the external environment I ′′ to the observation eye E, as shown in FIG.
  • the substrate 13 gives a common negative optical power to both the display light flux L and the external light flux L ′.
  • the refractive power P of the substrate 13 is the distance (this is the distance at which a virtual image is to be formed, as in the first embodiment.
  • a virtual image of the image display element 2a is formed at a finite distance.
  • the present eyeglass display unlike the first embodiment, there is no deviation in the observation distance of the external environment I ′′ by the observation eye E.
  • the combined refractive power P is a value other than zero.
  • the diopter correction of the observation eye E with respect to the external environment I " is performed.
  • the combined refractive power P is set to P
  • the refractive power P of the substrate 12 may be set so that out S force> 0. Note that the observation eye E requires s out
  • the surface on the outside of the substrate 12 may be concave.
  • an aspherical surface or a progressive focal plane is used in combination with at least one of the surface on the observer side of the substrate 13 and the surface on the outside world of the substrate 12, the functions of the spectacle lens for astigmatism and the spectacle lens for both perspectives can be realized. It can also be put on an eyeglass display.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the third embodiment described above is a force that suppresses the deviation in the observation distance of the outside world in the parallel mirror type eyeglass display (first embodiment, FIG. 3).
  • the deviation of the observation distance of the outside world is suppressed. Only the differences from the second embodiment (FIG. 4) or the third embodiment (FIG. 7) will be described here.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display.
  • a substrate 12 made of a plano-convex lens is in close contact with the substrate 1 of this eyeglass display on the outside of the substrate 11 with a functional film 15a interposed therebetween.
  • a plurality of half mirrors l ib and a plurality of half mirrors l ib are provided.
  • the refractive power P of the substrate 13 and the refractive power P of the substrate 12 are the same as those of the third embodiment.
  • the refractive power P of the substrate 13 is the distance to form a virtual image (here,
  • the refractive power P of the substrate 12 is equal to the refractive power P of the substrate 13.
  • the combined refractive power P is a non-zero value.
  • a refractive lens is used for each of the substrates 12 and 13, but an optical element other than the refractive lens (Fresnel lens holographic optical element) is used for either or both of the substrates 12 and 13. ) Etc. may be used.
  • the force that uses the objective lens 2b to give optical uniformity to the display light beam L incident on the substrate 11 is an optical element other than the objective lens 2b (a Fresnel lens or a holographic optical element). Etc.) may be used. Further, instead of preparing an optical element separately from the substrate 11, the surface of the substrate 11 on which the display light beam L first enters may have optical power.
  • the dielectric multilayer film is used for the functional films 13a, 12a, and 15a.
  • the holographic optical element having the same characteristics, a metal film, a semiconductor film, and the like can be used.
  • Other optical multilayers may be used.
  • an air gap may be used instead of the functional films 13a and 12a.
  • an air gap is applied to the substrate portion 1 of the third embodiment, as schematically shown in FIG. 9, each of the substrate 11 and the substrate 12 and the substrate 11 and the substrate 13 are respectively The spacer 16 may be sandwiched between the two and pressed by the support member 17 from the periphery.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional membrane 1
  • the configuration of the multilayer film is optimized by a computer in accordance with the characteristics required for the multilayer film.
  • the premise for optimization is as follows.
  • the display beam L emitted from the image display element 2a must be limited to s-polarized light. • The incident angle of the display beam L that internally reflects the substrate 11 to the substrate surface must be around 60 °.
  • the multilayer film and the substrate should be bonded with the same refractive index as the substrate.
  • the display luminous flux is
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a film configuration of the multilayer film. As shown in Fig. 10, the total number of layers of this multilayer film is 19, the refractive index of the substrate is 1.56, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 2.20, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.46. The central wavelength is 510 nm.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the angular characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film.
  • Rs indicates the reflectivity for s-polarized light
  • Rp indicates the reflectivity for p-polarized light.
  • this multilayer film exhibits a transmittance of about 100% for s-polarized light with an angle sufficiently smaller than 45 °, and for s-polarized light with an angle sufficiently larger than 45 °. The reflectivity is almost 100%.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film with respect to light with an incident angle of 0 °.
  • Ra represents the average value of the reflectance for s-polarized light and the reflectance for p-polarized light.
  • the multilayer film exhibits a transmittance of approximately 100% over the entire visible light range when the incident angle is 0 °.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film with respect to light having an incident angle of 60 °.
  • the force indicated by Rs is the reflectivity for polarized light
  • Rp is the reflectivity for p-polarized light.
  • this multilayer film exhibits a reflectivity of approximately 100% over the entire visible light region if it is s-polarized light with an incident angle of 60 °.
  • FIG. 2 Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 14, 15, 16, and 17.
  • FIG. The present embodiment is an embodiment of a dielectric multilayer film that can be used as the functional films 13a and 12a.
  • the configuration of the multilayer film is optimized by a computer according to the characteristics required for the multilayer film.
  • the premise for optimization is as follows.
  • the display light beam L emitted from the image display element 2a has both an s-polarized component and a p-polarized component.
  • Incident angle of the display light beam L reflected from the inner surface of the substrate 11 to the substrate surface must be in the vicinity of 60 °.
  • the multilayer film and the substrate should be bonded with the same refractive index as the substrate.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a film configuration of the multilayer film. As shown in Figure 14, the total number of layers of this multilayer film is 40, the refractive index of the substrate is 1.56, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 2.20, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.3845. The central wavelength is 510 nm.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the angle characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film.
  • Rs indicates the reflectivity for s-polarized light
  • Rp indicates the reflectivity for p-polarized light.
  • this multilayer film exhibits a transmittance of about 100% for light having an angle sufficiently smaller than 45 °, and about 100% for light having an angle sufficiently larger than 45 °. % Reflectivity.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film with respect to light with an incident angle of 0 °.
  • Ra represents the average value of the reflectance for s-polarized light and the reflectance for p-polarized light.
  • the present multilayer film exhibits a transmittance of about 100% over the entire visible light range when the incident angle is 0 °.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the wavelength characteristics of the reflectance of the multilayer film with respect to light with an incident angle of 60 °.
  • the force indicated by Rs is the reflectivity for polarized light
  • Rp is the reflectivity for p-polarized light.
  • the present multilayer film exhibits a reflectance of approximately 100% over the entire visible light range when the incident angle is 60 °.
  • Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the present embodiment is an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a holographic optical element that can be used as the functional films 13a and 12a.
  • FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of an optical system used in the present manufacturing method.
  • Laser light emitted from a laser light source 31 having a wavelength ⁇ is divided into two by a beam splitter 32.
  • the two divided laser beams are respectively expanded by two beam expanders 33 and then incident on the hologram photosensitive material 35 through the two auxiliary prisms 34 at an incident angle ⁇ .
  • the photosensitive material 35 is exposed.
  • a holographic optical element is completed.
  • the completed holographic optical element has the property of diffracting and reflecting light incident at a predetermined wavelength ⁇ and incident angle ⁇ and totally transmitting light incident at an incident angle deviating from the incident angle ⁇ .
  • the wavelength ⁇ is set to be the same as the wavelength of the display light beam L of the eyeglass display, and the incident angle ⁇ is the incident angle of the display light beam L that internally reflects the substrate 11 (for example, , Around 60 °).
  • the light flux L displayed on the eyeglass display includes light of a plurality of different wavelengths (for example, light of RGB colors), multiple exposure may be performed with light of each wavelength.
  • a resin-based material resin sheet
  • a large-area holographic optical element can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the holographic optical element is a resin sheet, it is only necessary to affix it to the substrate 11 so that the holographic optical element has a practical value in terms of low cost and mass production.
  • FIG. 7 A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • the third embodiment a parallel mirror type in which the deviation of the observation distance of the outside world is suppressed, see FIG. 7 will be described.
  • the difference is in the number of surfaces subjected to internal reflection of the substrate 11.
  • FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display.
  • the inner surface reflection of the display light beam L is provided with the surface on the observation eye E side of the substrate 11, the surface on the outer world side, and two side surfaces sandwiched between these two surfaces.
  • the All of these surfaces used for internal reflection are flat surfaces.
  • the orientation of the introduction mirror 11a is set so as to have an angle with respect to each of the four surfaces.
  • the posture of the multiple half mirrors l ib is such that the display light beam L incident on the half mirror l ib
  • the substrate 12 having a positive refractive power is disposed on the outer side of the substrate 11 and is negative on the observation eye E side of the substrate 11. If the substrate 13 having a refractive power is arranged, it is possible to suppress the deviation in the observation distance of the outside world while setting the virtual image formation distance to be finite.
  • the substrate 12 may be omitted if it is not necessary to suppress the deviation in the observation distance of the outside world.
  • the substrate 12 may be omitted if it is not necessary to suppress the deviation in the observation distance of the outside world.
  • the diopter correction of the observation eye E can be performed.
  • a prismatic base parallel plate-like substrate 11 having a rectangular cross section is used as a substrate for internally reflecting the display light beam L.
  • a prismatic base triangular prism, quadrangular prism, pentagonal prism, etc Having a cross section of another shape may be used.
  • FIG. 8 A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • the fourth embodiment a roof-type mirror type in which the deviation of the observation distance of the outside world is suppressed, see FIG. 8 will be described.
  • the difference is in the number of surfaces used for internal reflection of the substrate 11.
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display.
  • the inner surface of the display light flux L is provided with a surface on the observation eye E side of the substrate 11, a surface on the outer world side, and two side surfaces sandwiched between these two surfaces.
  • the All of these surfaces used for internal reflection are flat surfaces.
  • the orientation of the introduction mirror 11a may be set so as to have an angle with respect to each of the four surfaces.
  • the posture of the folding mirror 11c is set so that the display light beam L propagated in the substrate 11 is folded.
  • the posture of the two types of half mirrors 1 lb and l ib provided inside the substrate 12 is such that the display light beam L entering from the substrate 11 through the functional film 15a
  • the substrate 12 having a positive refractive power is arranged on the outside of the substrate 11, and the substrate 11 has a negative polarity on the observation eye E side. If the substrate 13 having a refractive power is arranged, it is possible to suppress the deviation in the observation distance of the outside world while setting the virtual image formation distance to be finite.
  • the surface of the substrate 12 on the outside world side may be flat if it is not necessary to suppress the deviation of the observation distance of the outside world.
  • diopter correction of the observation eye E can be performed by adjusting the refractive power of the substrate 12.
  • a prismatic base body parallel plate-shaped substrate 11
  • a prismatic base triangular prism, quadrangular prism, pentagonal prism, etc Having a cross section of another shape may be used.
  • FIG. 3 A seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • the substrate is omitted from the parallel mirror type eyeglass display (first embodiment, FIG. 3), and the positional relationship of each part is adjusted instead.
  • first embodiment FIG. 3
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical system portion of the present eyeglass display. As shown in FIGS. 21 (a) and 21 (b), the present eyeglass display includes only one parallel plate-shaped substrate 11 and does not include a substrate having refractive power.
  • the positional relationship between the image display element 2a and the objective lens 2b is adjusted so that the distances of the virtual images I individually formed by the plurality of half mirrors l ib are finite, as shown in FIG. It is adjusted. That is, the display light flux L from each pixel of the image display element 2a that has passed through the objective lens 2b is not a parallel light beam but a divergent light beam.
  • each half mirror l ib is such that the virtual image I formed individually by the display light beam reflected by each half mirror l ib overlaps a predetermined position as shown in FIG. 21 (b). Adjusted as follows. Therefore, there is a deviation in posture between the plurality of half mirrors l ib. As a result, the display light beam L incident on the exit pupil P has the same divergence angle as the divergent light beam diverging from a predetermined position at a finite distance.
  • the observation eye E is placed at any position of the exit pupil P, the observation eye
  • the present eyeglass display can adjust the positional relationship between the objective lens 2b and the image display element 2a and the postures of the plurality of half mirrors l ib, while maintaining a large exit pupil P, while maintaining a large exit pupil P.
  • the formation distance can be set to a finite value.
  • the distance d (see FIG. 21 (a)) from the introduction mirror 11a to the plurality of half mirrors 1 lb is sufficiently long. For that distance d
  • the distances of the virtual images I individually formed by the display light beams reflected by the half mirrors l ib can be regarded as substantially the same. be able to.
  • the present eyeglass display gives optical power to the display light beam L, it does not give any optical power to the external light beam, so that the observation distance of the external world by the observation eye E shifts. The problem does not arise.
  • an observer be provided with an adjustment mechanism for finely adjusting the positional relationship between the image display element 2a and the objective lens 2b. This is because even if the positional relationship is the same as the design value, there is a possibility of deviation after assembly, and even if the amount of deviation is very small, the degree of overlap of virtual image I may be poor. Power.
  • FIG. 4 This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display.
  • the substrate is omitted from the roof-type mirror-type eyeglass display (second embodiment, FIG. 4), and the positional relationship of each part is adjusted instead.
  • second embodiment FIG. 4
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical system portion of the present eyeglass display. As shown in FIG. 22, this eyeglass display has only two parallel plate-like substrates 11 and 15 and does not have a substrate having refractive power. Instead, the positional relationship between the image display element 2a and the objective lens 2b is adjusted so that the distance between the virtual images I formed individually by the plurality of half mirrors l ib and l ib is finite. That is R
  • the display light beam L that has passed through the objective lens 2b is not a parallel light beam but a divergent light beam.
  • each half mirror l ib, l ib is the same as that of each half mirror l ib, l ib
  • the display light beam L incident on the exit pupil P has the same divergence angle as the divergent light beam diverging from a predetermined position at a finite distance.
  • the observation eye E can observe the virtual image I of the image display element 2a at a predetermined position of the finite distance D.
  • the present eyeglass display can greatly increase the exit pupil P simply by adjusting the positional relationship between the objective lens 2b and the image display element 2a and the postures of the plurality of half mirrors l ib and l ib.
  • the formation distance of the virtual image I can be set to a finite value while maintaining.
  • the distance from the introduction mirror 11a to the plurality of half mirrors l ib and l ib is sufficiently long. Also,
  • the effect also has the effect described in the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a method for setting the postures of a plurality of half mirrors in a parallel mirror and positional relationship adjustment type eyeglass display (seventh embodiment, FIG. 21 (b)).
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a method for setting the attitude of the half mirror of the present embodiment.
  • the mirror mirror is symmetrical on both sides of the half mirror M corresponding to the center of the exit pupil P.
  • Half-mirror M, M, M, ..., M, M, ... forms virtual images I individually formed as exit pupils
  • the method of setting the posture of the half mirror M adjacent to the half mirror M is as follows. It is.
  • the half-mirror M force When the distance to the half-mirror M is d, the virtual image I
  • n is the refractive index of the substrate 11.
  • ⁇ a is the incident / reflection angle of the display light beam L reflected on the inner surface with respect to the substrate surface. Incidentally, this angle ⁇ a is twice the arrangement angle ⁇ with respect to the substrate surface of the half mirror M.
  • each half mirror M can be set.
  • each half mirror M satisfies the following general formulas (1 '), (2'), (3 ')
  • ⁇ . Angle formed by the display light beam L deflected by the half mirror Mi and the substrate normal in the air, theta delta;: half mirror Mi in the deflected light flux L is an angle formed between the substrate normal in the substrate 11.
  • FIG. 24, FIG. 25, and FIG. 26 are diagrams showing the results of calculating the arrangement angle of the half mirror by the above method.
  • Fig. 24 shows the calculation results when the virtual image formation distance D is 5 m
  • Fig. 25 shows the calculation results when the virtual image formation distance D is 3 m
  • Fig. 26 shows the virtual image formation distance D.
  • the number of half mirrors is an odd number
  • the force explaining the case where the substrate normal passing through the center of the exit pupil P is located on the central half mirror is shown in FIG.
  • Figure 27 shows how to use each parameter in that case.
  • the setting method of the parallel mirror type has been described, but as shown in FIG. 28, the same setting method can be applied to the roof type mirror type.
  • the arrangement angles of the two types of half mirrors can be set by the methods described above.
  • how to use each parameter is as shown in Fig.28.
  • the suffix “L” is assigned to the parameter relating to one of the two types of half mirrors
  • the suffix “R” is assigned to the parameter relating to the other.
  • FIG. 4 A ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment of an eyeglass display. This embodiment is obtained by adding a substrate having refractive power to the roof-type mirror-type eyeglass display (second embodiment, FIG. 4) and adjusting the positional relationship of each part.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate portion 1 of the present eyeglass display.
  • a substrate 12 having a refractive power with a functional film 15 sandwiched between the substrate 11 where the display light beam L is internally reflected is disposed, and a functional film 13a is disposed on the observation eye E side of the substrate 11.
  • a substrate 13 having a refractive power is disposed.
  • two types of half mirrors l ib and l ib are provided inside the substrate 12. Also two types of multiple halves The postures of the mirrors l ib and l ib are the same as those in the eighth embodiment (FIG. 22).
  • the first mirrors l ib and l ib are adjusted so that the virtual images formed individually overlap at the same position.
  • the refractive power of the substrate 12 be P
  • the refractive power of the substrate 13 be P
  • the combined refractive power P received by the display light beam L is expressed by the following equation (5).
  • the combined refractive power P received by the external light beam L ′ is set to zero (or a value corresponding to the diopter correction amount of the observation eye E).
  • the combined refractive power P received by the display light beam L is set to a value corresponding to the virtual image formation distance D.
  • the combined refractive power P received by the external light beam L ′ and the combined refractive power P received by the display light beam L are different from each other. It depends on the parameters of the combination.
  • the manufacturer of this eyeglass display determines three parameters P 1, P 2 and P 3.
  • the absolute value of the refractive power P of the substrate 13 is reduced.
  • the absolute value of the refractive power P of the substrate 12 is reduced.
  • the posture difference between the half mirrors l ib and l ib is increased to facilitate their adjustment.
  • the amount of processing becomes difficult to adjust.
  • the posture difference is several tens of minutes. Therefore, in this case, half Setting a large absolute value of the pseudo refractive power P of L l ib and l ib as a whole
  • this eyeglass display is the one in which a substrate having refractive power is added to the roof type mirror type eyeglass display and the positional relationship of each part is adjusted. Even a glass display with a large number of surfaces subjected to reflection can be similarly deformed.
  • the power described for the eyeglass display that displays the virtual image of the image display element and the outside world in a superimposed manner.
  • the present invention provides an image display device (head) that displays only the virtual image of the image display element.
  • the present invention can also be applied to optical finders of various optical devices such as cameras, mobile phones, binoculars, microscopes, and telescopes.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

L’invention concerne un système optique d’affichage d’image capable de définir la distance de formation d’image virtuelle d’un élément d’affichage d’image à une valeur finie tout en assurant une grande pupille de sortie. Le système optique d’affichage d’image (1) comprend un premier élément optique (2b) pour mettre en parallèle le flux lumineux d’affichage (L) émis depuis chaque pixel d’un élément d’affichage d’image (2a), un substrat (11) pour introduire le flux lumineux d’affichage mis en parallèle (L) et le faire se propager à l’intérieur, une pluralité de miroirs parallèles (11b) pour dévier et conduire le flux lumineux d’affichage (L) se propageant à travers le substrat (11) vers l’extérieur du substrat (11), et un second élément optique (13) pour conférer une puissance optique à tout le flux lumineux d’affichage (L) sortant du substrat (11), de sorte que l’image virtuelle (I) de l’élément d’affichage d’image (2a) est formée en une position prédéterminée de distance finie au dos de la pluralité de miroirs (11b).
PCT/JP2006/301994 2005-03-14 2006-02-06 Système optique d’affichage d’image et affichage d’image Ceased WO2006098097A1 (fr)

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