WO2006074778A1 - Air conditioner for motor vehicles - Google Patents
Air conditioner for motor vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006074778A1 WO2006074778A1 PCT/EP2005/013349 EP2005013349W WO2006074778A1 WO 2006074778 A1 WO2006074778 A1 WO 2006074778A1 EP 2005013349 W EP2005013349 W EP 2005013349W WO 2006074778 A1 WO2006074778 A1 WO 2006074778A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- heat
- valve
- coolant
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00957—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising locations with heat exchange within the refrigerant circuit itself, e.g. cross-, counter-, or parallel heat exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to an air conditioning system for motor vehicles.
- EP 0 823 344 B1 discloses a vehicle air conditioning system with a continuous flow of refrigerant, in which heat exchangers for cooling and heating are formed in a special air conditioning unit. The temperature control and ventilation of the vehicle cabin is done with this air conditioner.
- a vehicle without conventional engine coolant electric vehicle
- On a 4/2 way valve for reversing the flow direction in the refrigeration cycle is omitted here.
- the switching between cooling and heating is done by appropriate deflection and barriers in a likewise disclosed, provided for this purpose air conditioner.
- this prior art discloses a continuous refrigerant flow vehicle air conditioner in which cool air can be supplied through a face side air outlet even under the condition that a refrigerant flows continuously through a refrigerant condenser without passing the cold air through the refrigerant
- the air conditioner includes a duct having a face-side air outlet for blowing air toward an upper body of a passenger, a defroster air outlet for blowing air toward a windshield, and a foot-side air outlet for blowing out the air Direction to the passenger's feet.
- a refrigeration cycle with a refrigerant evaporator disposed in the channel for cooling the air by heat exchange with a low-temperature refrigerant flowing in it and with a refrigerant condenser disposed in the channel on a downstream side of the refrigerant evaporator is the air by heat exchange with a high-temperature refrigerant, which flows in it, formed.
- the refrigerant circuit is formed such that the refrigerant for
- Continuously flowing refrigerant condenser wherein the face-side air outlet is disposed on an upstream side of the refrigerant condenser.
- an opening / closing door is formed on the air inlet side of the refrigerant condenser, which is closed in the cooling operation, so that the air cooled by the refrigerant evaporator is prevented from flowing into the refrigerant condenser. This prevents the continuous flow of refrigerant through the refrigerant condenser, mixing warm air with the cool air.
- heating mode the outside air is heated by the refrigerant condenser.
- an air conditioning system for cooling and heating is provided, with a channel system, which allows by means of a switching valve, the optional operation of two common compressor having system areas.
- the first system area including an evaporator arranged in a ventilation housing, has the components required for a cooling operation
- the second system area provided for a heating operation has, in addition to the compressor, essentially only one expansion valve and one heating heating exchanger serving for heating.
- this document describes an air conditioning system with a simplified circuit of a heat pump, a "hot gas cycle" as a cost-effective way of heating with an AC system, where only the heat of compression is used for heating and no heat from the environment or other source for this reason, the efficiency is poor and the extra consumption for a comfort-increasing auxiliary heating high.
- DE 101 63 607 A1 discloses an air conditioner for a motor vehicle with an integrated heat pump for cooling and heating, is circulated in the refrigerant and which allows heat exchange with the réelleraumzu Kunststoff of the motor vehicle.
- the heat transfer takes place either directly by means of a refrigerant / air heat exchanger through which the interior air can flow, or by means of a secondary refrigerant circuit.
- two expansion devices and three heat exchangers are provided in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump.
- heat removal from the refrigeration cycle upon cooling and introduction of heat for heating are performed continuously via engine cooling, without discrimination as to whether the air conditioner is in a heating or cooling mode.
- Switching valves for reversing the refrigerant flow direction can be dispensed with. Avoiding the heating operation is not done by a complicated circuit of the air flow in the air conditioner, so that conventional air conditioners can be used. Due to the continuous flow direction in the circuit, d. H . the flow through all components in the same direction, no infiltration or displacement of refrigerant or. Oil off.
- the high refrigerant discharge temperature at a compressor is significantly reduced in advance, so that the following components can be made easier due to low component temperature.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an air conditioning system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 explains the structure of an air conditioning system according to the invention in more detail.
- Fig. 1 shows a first circuit connected in series successively with a compressor 4, a refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5, a first valve unit in which a first expansion valve 20 and a first shut-off valve 21 are connected in parallel, a gas cooler / condenser 6 inner heat exchanger 10, a second valve unit, in which a second expansion valve 7 and a second shut-off valve 22 are connected in parallel, an evaporator or indoor heat exchanger 8 and an accumulator or. (Refrigerant) collector 9 includes.
- the compressor 4 is adjustable with respect to its refrigerant mass flow. Also controllable are the first and second valve units 20, 21 and 7, 22.
- the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 In a second circuit, the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5, a heating pump 30, a first and a second switching valve and a heating heat exchanger 31 are successively successively in series.
- the first and second switching valve 32, 33 are 3/2 way valves, via which the circuit connected to the motor 34 and. the engine 34 can be bypassed.
- the first cycle functions as indicated below.
- the compressor 4 the refrigerant is compressed to a high pressure and a high temperature.
- the refrigerant ideally gaseous.
- a refrigerant for example, CO 2 or R134a can be used.
- This gaseous refrigerant then enters the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 where heat is given to the engine coolant, such as water or a glycol / water mixture, thereby cooling the refrigerant.
- the cooled refrigerant enters the first valve unit 20, 21.
- the expansion valve 20 and the shut-off valve 21 are opened, so that in the expansion valve 20 no throttling effect occurs and the refrigerant passes through the valve unit 20, 21 without further influence. Then, the pre-cooled refrigerant enters the gas cooler / condenser 6. The gas cooler / condenser 6 is flowed through, thus forming an ambient heat exchanger, which cools the gaseous refrigerant and condenses to the ambient temperature.
- the condensed refrigerant on the high pressure side enters the inner heat exchanger 10, in which the refrigerant is cooled below ambient temperature. Thereafter, the further cooled refrigerant to the valve unit 7, 22, in which the shut-off valve 22 is closed and throttling by the expansion valve 7 takes place, so that the refrigerant is expanded from a high pressure level to a low pressure level and thereby also cooled. Subsequently, the still further cooled refrigerant is supplied at low pressure level to the evaporator or indoor heat exchanger 8, which is a connection to the space to be cooled, such as the passenger compartment to be cooled. The evaporator or. Interior heat exchanger 8 are located in the air-flow box.
- the warm ambient air is cooled and dehumidified.
- the refrigerant is heated and reaches the accumulator or (refrigerant) collector 9, which may also contain a dryer.
- the accumulator or (refrigerant -) collector 9 When passing through the accumulator or (refrigerant -) collector 9, the refrigerant does not change its state. The quality remains unchanged and it is stored in the accumulator or (refrigerant -) collector 9 only unnecessary liquid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant reaches the low-pressure side of the inner heat exchanger 10, in which an energy exchange with the high-pressure side takes place. This leads to an energy intake and heating of the refrigerant. This also serves to overheat, so that the refrigerant is again gaseous and is fed back to the compressor 4 in gaseous form.
- Refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 heat withdrawn, which via an engine radiator 35, 36 in the summer, d. H . during cooling, is discharged to the environment, or is used in the mid-season on a heating heat exchanger 31 for ' reheating.
- the refrigerant after passing through the evaporator 5 and the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 of the valve unit 20, 21 is supplied.
- the valve unit 20, 21 is now controlled in such a way that the shut-off valve 21 is closed and the refrigerant has to pass through the expansion valve 20.
- the expansion valve 20 is a throttling, so that the refrigerant to a very low pressure and a very low temperature level is brought below the ambient temperature. Subsequently, the refrigerant in the gas cooler / condenser or
- Ambient heat exchanger 6 heat from the environment, so that a heating to the ambient temperature takes place, and then passes through the inner heat exchanger 10, without that there is a heat exchange.
- the refrigerant is supplied to the valve unit 7, 22, in which both the shut-off valve 22 and the expansion valve 7 are opened in the heat pump mode, so that any throttling function is switched off and the refrigerant passes the valve unit 7, 22 uninfluenced and supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 8, because it also happens without energy exchange, since the temperature of the refrigerant is equal to the ambient temperature.
- the refrigerant passes the accumulator resp. (Refrigerant -) collector 9 and the low pressure side of the inner heat exchanger 10 unaffected, d. H . without changing the state of the gaseous refrigerant, and is then fed back to the compressor 4.
- the heat given off in the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 from the refrigerant to the engine coolant and outside the starting phase, as soon as the engine is warm, by corresponding circuit of the two 3/2 - way engine heat via a heat exchanger 31, as well as the indoor heat exchanger. 8 is disposed in the air box 3, delivered to the vehicle interior.
- the air conditioning system according to the invention is robust and efficient, while having the lowest possible complexity, since only three additional components are needed.
- the remaining components of an air conditioning circuit can continue to be used unchanged or with lower requirements.
- the packaging is identical for an AC system with or without a heat pump with the exception of one component.
- the refrigerant side additional volumes for the heat pump function are very low, so that practically does not change for the AC and WP operation required refrigerant mass.
- the control of the air conditioning is very easy.
- the air conditioning is operated until the cooling water reaches the appropriate temperature.
- the switching off and on of the air conditioning is not perceptible in terms of comfort.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge Air conditioning for motor vehicles
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge .The invention relates to an air conditioning system for motor vehicles.
Aus der EP 0 823 344 Bl ist eine Fahrzeugklimaanlage mit kontinuierlichem Kältemittelstrom bekannt , bei der Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen und Heizen in einem speziellen Klimagerät ausgebildet sind . Die Temperierung und Belüftung der Fahrzeugkabine erfolgt mit diesem Klimagerät . In der Ausführung wird insbesondere ein Fahrzeug ohne konventionelles Motorkühlmittel (Elektrofahrzeug) betrachtet . Auf ein 4/2 -Wegeventil zur Umkehr der Flussrichtung im Kältekreislauf wird hier verzichtet . Die Umschaltung zwischen Kühlen und Heizen erfolgt durch entsprechende Umlenkung und Absperrungen in einem ebenfalls offenbarten, hierfür vorgesehenen Klimagerät .EP 0 823 344 B1 discloses a vehicle air conditioning system with a continuous flow of refrigerant, in which heat exchangers for cooling and heating are formed in a special air conditioning unit. The temperature control and ventilation of the vehicle cabin is done with this air conditioner. In the embodiment, in particular, a vehicle without conventional engine coolant (electric vehicle) is considered. On a 4/2 way valve for reversing the flow direction in the refrigeration cycle is omitted here. The switching between cooling and heating is done by appropriate deflection and barriers in a likewise disclosed, provided for this purpose air conditioner.
Insbesondere offenbart dieser Stand der Technik eine Fahrzeugklimaanlage mit kontinuierlichem Kältemittelstrom, bei der kühle Luft durch einen gesichtsseitigen Luftauslass selbst unter der Bedingung zugeführt werden kann, dass ein Kältemittel kontinuierlich durch eine Kältemittelverflüssiger strömt , ohne dass die kalte Luft durch denSpecifically, this prior art discloses a continuous refrigerant flow vehicle air conditioner in which cool air can be supplied through a face side air outlet even under the condition that a refrigerant flows continuously through a refrigerant condenser without passing the cold air through the refrigerant
Kältemittelverflüssiger erneut erwärmt wird . Dabei weist die Klimaanlage einen Kanal mit einem gesichtsseitigen Luftauslass zum Ausblasen von Luft in Richtung auf einen Oberkörper eines Fahrgasts , einen Entfrosterluftauslass zum Ausblasen von Luft in Richtung auf eine Windschutzscheibe und einen fußseitigen Luftauslass zum Ausblasen der Luft in Richtung auf die Füße des Fahrgasts auf . Weiterhin ist ein Kältekreislauf mit einem Kältemittelverdampfer, der in dem Kanal zum Abkühlen der Luft durch Wärmetausch mit einem Niedertemperaturkältemittel angeordnet ist , das in ihm strömt , und mit einem Kältemittelverflüssiger, der in dem Kanal auf einer stromabwärtigen Seite des Kältemittelverdampfers angeordnet ist , um die Luft durch Wärmetausch mit einem Hochtemperaturkältemittel zu erwärmen, das in ihm strömt , ausgebildet . Der Kältemittelkreislauf ist derart ausgebildet , dass das Kältemittel zumRefrigerant liquefier is reheated. Here, the air conditioner includes a duct having a face-side air outlet for blowing air toward an upper body of a passenger, a defroster air outlet for blowing air toward a windshield, and a foot-side air outlet for blowing out the air Direction to the passenger's feet. Further, a refrigeration cycle with a refrigerant evaporator disposed in the channel for cooling the air by heat exchange with a low-temperature refrigerant flowing in it and with a refrigerant condenser disposed in the channel on a downstream side of the refrigerant evaporator is the air by heat exchange with a high-temperature refrigerant, which flows in it, formed. The refrigerant circuit is formed such that the refrigerant for
Kältemittelverflüssiger kontinuierlich strömen gelassen wird, wobei der gesichtsseitige Luftauslass auf einer stromaufwärtigen Seite des Kältemittelverflüssigers angeordnet ist . Dazu ist eine Öffnungs-/Schließklappe auf der Lufteinlassseite des Kältemittelverflüssigers ausgebildet , die im Kühlbetrieb geschlossen wird, so dass verhindert wird, dass die durch den Kältemittelverdampfer abgekühlte Luft in den Kältemittelverflüssiger strömt . So wird verhindert , dass bei kontinuierlichem Strömen des Kältemittels durch den Kältemittelverflüssiger sind warme Luft mit der kühlen Luft mischt . Im Heizbetrieb wird die Außenluft durch den Kältemittelverflüssiger erwärmt .Continuously flowing refrigerant condenser, wherein the face-side air outlet is disposed on an upstream side of the refrigerant condenser. For this purpose, an opening / closing door is formed on the air inlet side of the refrigerant condenser, which is closed in the cooling operation, so that the air cooled by the refrigerant evaporator is prevented from flowing into the refrigerant condenser. This prevents the continuous flow of refrigerant through the refrigerant condenser, mixing warm air with the cool air. In heating mode, the outside air is heated by the refrigerant condenser.
Weiterhin ist aus der WO 03/064194 Al eine Klimaanlage zum Kühlen und Heizen vorgesehen, mit einem Kanalsystem, das mittels eines Umschaltventils den wahlweisen Betrieb von zwei einen gemeinsamen Kompressor aufweisenden Systembereichen ermöglicht . Dabei weist der erste Systembereich einschließlich eines in einem Belüftungsgehäuse angeordneten Verdampfers die für einen Kühlbetrieb erforderlichen Komponenten auf , während der für einen Zuheizbetrieb vorgesehene zweite Systembereich zusätzlich zu dem Kompressor im wesentlichen nur ein Expansionsventil und einen einer Zuheizung dienenden Heizwärmetauscher aufweist . Insbesondere beschreibt diese Druckschrift eine Klimaanlage mit einer vereinfachten Schaltung einer Wärmepumpe , einen „Hot Gas Cycle" als kostengünstige Art der Zuheizung mit einer AC-Anlage . Dabei wird lediglich die Verdichtungswärme zur Zuheizung verwendet und keine Wärme aus der Umgebung oder sonstiger Quelle . Jedoch ist aus diesem Grund die Effizienz mangelhaft und der Mehrverbrauch für eine den Komfort erhöhende Zuheizung hoch .Furthermore, from WO 03/064194 Al an air conditioning system for cooling and heating is provided, with a channel system, which allows by means of a switching valve, the optional operation of two common compressor having system areas. In this case, the first system area, including an evaporator arranged in a ventilation housing, has the components required for a cooling operation, while the second system area provided for a heating operation has, in addition to the compressor, essentially only one expansion valve and one heating heating exchanger serving for heating. In particular, this document describes an air conditioning system with a simplified circuit of a heat pump, a "hot gas cycle" as a cost-effective way of heating with an AC system, where only the heat of compression is used for heating and no heat from the environment or other source for this reason, the efficiency is poor and the extra consumption for a comfort-increasing auxiliary heating high.
Weiterhin offenbart die DE 101 63 607 Al eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer integrierten Wärmepumpe zum Kühlen und Heizen, in der Kältemittel umgewälzt wird und welche einen Wärmeaustausch mit der Innenraumzuluft des Kraftfahrzeugs ermöglicht . Der Wärmetransfer erfolgt entweder direkt mittels eines von der Innenraumzuluft durchströmbaren Kältemittel/Luft-Wärmetauschers oder mittels eines Sekundärkältemittelkreislaufs . Im Kältemittelkreislauf der Wärmepumpe sind zwei Expansionseinrichtungen und drei Wärmetauscher vorgesehen .Furthermore, DE 101 63 607 A1 discloses an air conditioner for a motor vehicle with an integrated heat pump for cooling and heating, is circulated in the refrigerant and which allows heat exchange with the Innenraumzuluft of the motor vehicle. The heat transfer takes place either directly by means of a refrigerant / air heat exchanger through which the interior air can flow, or by means of a secondary refrigerant circuit. In the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump two expansion devices and three heat exchangers are provided.
Problematisch an herkömmlichen Klimaanlagen ist es j edoch, dass sehr hohe maximale Bauteil -Temperaturen auftreten, eine Wärmepumpe sehr komplex ist , sich Kältemittel im Klimakreislauf bei wechselndem Betrieb Kühlen/Heizen verlagert und/oder versickert und/oder Füllmengenunterschiede beim Kältemittel für Kühl- und Heizbetrieb und Wärmeverluste beim Heizen auftreten können (aufgrund einer geringen Wärmekapazität der Komponenten) .The problem with conventional air conditioning systems, however, is that very high maximum component temperatures occur, a heat pump is very complex, refrigerants in the air conditioning circuit are shifted and / or infiltrated with changing cooling / heating operation, and / or refrigerant charge differences for cooling and heating operation and heat losses may occur during heating (due to a low heat capacity of the components).
Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Klimaanlage derart weiterzubilden, dass zuverlässig und kostengünstig deutlich reduzierte Bauteiltemperaturen erhalten werden, eine robuste , effiziente Wärmepumpe mit geringster Komplexität erhalten wird und der Kühl - und Heizbetrieb eine hohe Betriebssicherheit .It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop an air conditioning system such that reliable and cost-effectively significantly reduced component temperatures are obtained, a robust, efficient heat pump least complexity and the cooling and heating operation is highly reliable.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Klimaanlage mit den Merkmalen von Patentanspruch 1 gelöst . In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung angegeben.According to the invention this object is achieved by an air conditioner with the features of claim 1. In the dependent claims advantageous developments of the invention are given.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Klimaanlage erfolgen eine Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Kältekreislauf beim Kühlen und eine Einbringung von Wärme zum Heizen kontinuierlich über eine Motorkühlung, ohne eine Unterscheidung, ob sich die Klimaanlage in einem Heiz- oder Kühlmodus befindet . Auf Umschaltventile zur Umkehr der Kältemittelflussrichtung kann verzichtet werden . Ein Vermeiden des Heizbetriebs erfolgt nicht durch eine komplizierte Schaltung des Luftstroms im Klimagerät , so dass herkömmliche Klimageräte verwendet werden können . Aufgrund der kontinuierlichen Strömungsrichtung im Kreislauf , d . h . des Durchströmens aller Komponenten in der gleichen Richtung, bilden sich keine Versickerungen oder Verlagerungen von Kältemittel bzw . Öl aus . Die hohe Kältemittelaustrittstemperatur an einem Verdichter wird vorab deutlich reduziert , so dass die nachfolgenden Bauteile aufgrund niedriger Bauteiltemperatur leichter ausgeführt werden können .In the air conditioner according to the present invention, heat removal from the refrigeration cycle upon cooling and introduction of heat for heating are performed continuously via engine cooling, without discrimination as to whether the air conditioner is in a heating or cooling mode. Switching valves for reversing the refrigerant flow direction can be dispensed with. Avoiding the heating operation is not done by a complicated circuit of the air flow in the air conditioner, so that conventional air conditioners can be used. Due to the continuous flow direction in the circuit, d. H . the flow through all components in the same direction, no infiltration or displacement of refrigerant or. Oil off. The high refrigerant discharge temperature at a compressor is significantly reduced in advance, so that the following components can be made easier due to low component temperature.
Diese und weitere Aufgaben, Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung offensichtlich .These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung nun unter Bezugnahme auf ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert . Dabei zeigt :The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. Showing:
Fig . 1 ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Klimaanlage .Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an air conditioning system according to the invention.
Nachfolgend wird nun zunächst unter Bezugnahme auf Fig . 1 der Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Klimaanlage genauer erläutert .Hereinafter, referring first to FIG. 1 explains the structure of an air conditioning system according to the invention in more detail.
In Fig . 1 zeigt einen ersten Kreislauf , der in Reihe geschaltet sukzessiv hintereinander einen Verdichter 4 , einen Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel -Wärmetauscher 5 , eine erste Ventileinheit , in der ein erstes Expansionsventil 20 und ein erstes Absperrventil 21 parallel geschaltet sind, ein Gaskühler/Kondensator 6 , ein innerer Wärmetauscher 10 , eine zweite Ventileinheit , in der ein zweites Expansionsventil 7 und ein zweites Absperrventil 22 parallel geschaltet sind, ein Verdampfer bzw. Innenraumwärmetauscher 8 und einen Akkumulator bzw . (Kältemittel- ) Sammler 9 beinhaltet . Der Verdichter 4 ist bezüglich seines Kältemittel -Massenstroms regelbar . Ebenfalls regelbar sind die erste und die zweite Ventileinheit 20 , 21 und 7 , 22.In Fig. 1 shows a first circuit connected in series successively with a compressor 4, a refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5, a first valve unit in which a first expansion valve 20 and a first shut-off valve 21 are connected in parallel, a gas cooler / condenser 6 inner heat exchanger 10, a second valve unit, in which a second expansion valve 7 and a second shut-off valve 22 are connected in parallel, an evaporator or indoor heat exchanger 8 and an accumulator or. (Refrigerant) collector 9 includes. The compressor 4 is adjustable with respect to its refrigerant mass flow. Also controllable are the first and second valve units 20, 21 and 7, 22.
In einem zweiten Kreislauf ist sukzessiv hintereinander in Reihe der Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel-Wärmetauscher 5 , eine Heizungspumpe 30 , ein erstes und ein zweites Schaltventil sowie ein Heizungswärmetauscher 31 enthalten . Das erste und zweite Schaltventil 32 , 33 sind 3/2 -Wegeventile , über die der Kreislauf mit dem Motor 34 verbunden bzw . der Motor 34 umgangen werden kann .In a second circuit, the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5, a heating pump 30, a first and a second switching valve and a heating heat exchanger 31 are successively successively in series. The first and second switching valve 32, 33 are 3/2 way valves, via which the circuit connected to the motor 34 and. the engine 34 can be bypassed.
Der in Fig . 1 gezeigte erste Kreislauf funktioniert wie nachfolgend angegeben . In dem Verdichter 4 wird das Kältemittel auf einen hohen Druck und eine hohe Temperatur verdichtet . Bei Verlassen des Verdichters ist das Kältemittel idealerweise gasförmig . Als Kältemittel kann beispielsweise CO2 oder R134a verwendet werden . Dieses gasförmige Kältemittel tritt danach in den Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel - Wärmetauscher 5 ein, in dem Wärme an das Motorkühlmittel , das beispielsweise aus Wasser oder eine Glykol/Wassermischung besteht , angegeben und dadurch das Kältemittel abgekühlt wird .The in Fig. 1, the first cycle functions as indicated below. In the compressor 4, the refrigerant is compressed to a high pressure and a high temperature. When leaving the compressor is the refrigerant ideally gaseous. As a refrigerant, for example, CO 2 or R134a can be used. This gaseous refrigerant then enters the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 where heat is given to the engine coolant, such as water or a glycol / water mixture, thereby cooling the refrigerant.
Anschließend tritt das abgekühlte Kältemittel in die erste Ventileinheit 20 , 21 ein .Subsequently, the cooled refrigerant enters the first valve unit 20, 21.
Im Fall einer Kälteerzeugung sind das Expansionsventil 20 sowie das Absperrventil 21 geöffnet , so dass im Expansionsventil 20 keine Drosselwirkung auftritt und das Kältemittel die Ventileinheit 20 , 21 ohne weitere Beeinflussung passiert . Dann tritt das vorgekühlte Kältemittel in den Gaskühler/Kondensator 6 ein . Der Gaskühler/Kondensator 6 ist luftdurchströmt , bildet also einen Umgebungswärmetauscher, der das gasförmige Kältemittel kühlt und bis auf die Umgebungstemperatur kondensiert .In the case of refrigeration, the expansion valve 20 and the shut-off valve 21 are opened, so that in the expansion valve 20 no throttling effect occurs and the refrigerant passes through the valve unit 20, 21 without further influence. Then, the pre-cooled refrigerant enters the gas cooler / condenser 6. The gas cooler / condenser 6 is flowed through, thus forming an ambient heat exchanger, which cools the gaseous refrigerant and condenses to the ambient temperature.
Nachfolgend tritt das kondensierte Kältemittel auf der Hochdruckseite in den inneren Wärmetauscher 10 ein, in dem das Kältemittel unter Umgebungstemperatur abgekühlt wird . Danach tritt das weiter abgekühlte Kältemittel zur Ventileinheit 7 , 22 , in der das Absperrventil 22 geschlossen ist und eine Drosselung durch das Expansionsventil 7 erfolgt , so dass das Kältemittel von einem hohen Druckniveau auf ein niedriges Druckniveau entspannt und dadurch auch abgekühlt wird . Anschließend wird das noch weiter abgekühlte Kältemittel auf niedrigem Druckniveau dem Verdampfer bzw. Innenraumwärmetauscher 8 zugeführt , der eine Verbindung zum zu kühlenden Raum, wie beispielsweise der zu kühlenden Fahrgastzelle darstellt . Der Verdampfer bzw . Innenraumwärmetauscher 8 befindet sind im luftdurchströmten Klimakasten . Dort wird die warme Umgebungsluft abgekühlt und entfeuchtet . Dadurch wird das Kältemittel erwärmt und gelangt zum Akkumulator bzw. (Kältemittel - ) Sammler 9 , der auch einen Trockner enthalten kann . Beim Durchlauf durch den Akkumulator bzw. (Kältemittel - ) Sammler 9 verändert das Kältemittel seinen Zustand nicht . Die Qualität bleibt unverändert und es wird im Akkumulator bzw. (Kältemittel - ) Sammler 9 nur nicht benötigtes flüssiges Kältemittel gespeichert .Subsequently, the condensed refrigerant on the high pressure side enters the inner heat exchanger 10, in which the refrigerant is cooled below ambient temperature. Thereafter, the further cooled refrigerant to the valve unit 7, 22, in which the shut-off valve 22 is closed and throttling by the expansion valve 7 takes place, so that the refrigerant is expanded from a high pressure level to a low pressure level and thereby also cooled. Subsequently, the still further cooled refrigerant is supplied at low pressure level to the evaporator or indoor heat exchanger 8, which is a connection to the space to be cooled, such as the passenger compartment to be cooled. The evaporator or. Interior heat exchanger 8 are located in the air-flow box. There, the warm ambient air is cooled and dehumidified. As a result, the refrigerant is heated and reaches the accumulator or (refrigerant) collector 9, which may also contain a dryer. When passing through the accumulator or (refrigerant -) collector 9, the refrigerant does not change its state. The quality remains unchanged and it is stored in the accumulator or (refrigerant -) collector 9 only unnecessary liquid refrigerant.
Anschließend gelangt das Kältemittel zur Niederdruckseite des inneren Wärmetauschers 10 , in dem ein Energieaustausch mit der Hochdruckseite erfolgt . Dadurch kommt es zu einer Energieaufnahme und Erwärmung des Kältemittels . Dies dient auch zur Überhitzung, so dass das Kältemittel wieder gasförmig wird und gasförmig wieder dem Verdichter 4 zugeführt wird .Subsequently, the refrigerant reaches the low-pressure side of the inner heat exchanger 10, in which an energy exchange with the high-pressure side takes place. This leads to an energy intake and heating of the refrigerant. This also serves to overheat, so that the refrigerant is again gaseous and is fed back to the compressor 4 in gaseous form.
Zudem wird dem ersten Kreislauf über denIn addition, the first cycle on the
Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel -Wärmetauscher 5 Wärme entzogen, die über einen Motorkühler 35 , 36 im Sommerfall , d . h . bei Kälteerzeugung, an die Umgebung abgegeben wird, oder in der Zwischensaison über einen Heizungswärmetauscher 31 zur ' Nacherwärmung genützt wird .Refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 heat withdrawn, which via an engine radiator 35, 36 in the summer, d. H . during cooling, is discharged to the environment, or is used in the mid-season on a heating heat exchanger 31 for ' reheating.
Im Wärmepumpenbetrieb, d . h . bei der Wärmeerzeugung hingegen wird das Kältemittel nach dem Passieren des Verdampfers 5 sowie des Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel -Wärmetauschers 5 der Ventileinheit 20 , 21 zugeführt . Im Unterschied zum Betrieb zur Kälteerzeugung ist nunmehr die Ventileinheit 20 , 21 derart angesteuert , dass das Absperrventil 21 geschlossen ist und das Kältemittel das Expansionsventil 20 passieren muss . Mittels des Expansionsventils 20 erfolgt eine Drosselung, so dass das Kältemittel auf einen sehr niedrigen Druck sowie ein sehr niedriges Temperaturniveau unterhalb der Umgebungstemperatur gebracht wird . Anschließend nimmt das Kältemittel im Gaskühler/Kondensator bzw.In heat pump operation, d. H . in the heat generation, however, the refrigerant after passing through the evaporator 5 and the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 of the valve unit 20, 21 is supplied. In contrast to the operation for cooling, the valve unit 20, 21 is now controlled in such a way that the shut-off valve 21 is closed and the refrigerant has to pass through the expansion valve 20. By means of the expansion valve 20 is a throttling, so that the refrigerant to a very low pressure and a very low temperature level is brought below the ambient temperature. Subsequently, the refrigerant in the gas cooler / condenser or
Umgebungswärmetauscher 6 Wärme aus der Umgebung auf , so dass eine Erwärmung auf die Umgebungstemperatur erfolgt , und passiert dann den inneren Wärmetauscher 10 , ohne , dass dort ein Wärmeaustausch erfolgt .Ambient heat exchanger 6 heat from the environment, so that a heating to the ambient temperature takes place, and then passes through the inner heat exchanger 10, without that there is a heat exchange.
Nachfolgend wird das Kältemittel der Ventileinheit 7 , 22 zugeführt , in der im Wärmepumpenbetrieb sowohl das Absperrventil 22 als auch das Expansionsventil 7 geöffnet sind, so dass j egliche Drosselfunktion ausgeschaltet ist und das Kältemittel die Ventileinheit 7 , 22 unbeeinflusst passiert und dem Innenraumwärmetauscher 8 zugeführt , denn es ebenfalls ohne Energieaustausch passiert , da die Temperatur des Kältemittels gleich der Umgebungstemperatur ist . Dann passiert das Kältemittel den Akkumulator bzw . (Kältemittel - ) Sammler 9 sowie die Niederdruckseite des inneren Wärmetauschers 10 unbeeinflusst , d . h . ohne Zustandsänderung des gasförmigen Kältemittels , und wird dann wieder dem Verdichter 4 zugeführt .Subsequently, the refrigerant is supplied to the valve unit 7, 22, in which both the shut-off valve 22 and the expansion valve 7 are opened in the heat pump mode, so that any throttling function is switched off and the refrigerant passes the valve unit 7, 22 uninfluenced and supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 8, because it also happens without energy exchange, since the temperature of the refrigerant is equal to the ambient temperature. Then the refrigerant passes the accumulator resp. (Refrigerant -) collector 9 and the low pressure side of the inner heat exchanger 10 unaffected, d. H . without changing the state of the gaseous refrigerant, and is then fed back to the compressor 4.
Zusätzlich wird die im Kältemittel/Motorkühlmittel- Wärmetauscher 5 vom Kältemittel an das Motorkühlmittel abgegebene Wärme sowie außerhalb der Startphase , sobald der Motor warm ist , durch entsprechende Schaltung der zwei 3/2 - Wegeventile Motorwärme über einen Heizungswärmetauscher 31 , der ebenso wie der Innenraumwärmetauscher 8 im Klimakasten 3 angeordnet ist , an den Fahrzeuginnenraum abgegeben.In addition, the heat given off in the refrigerant / engine coolant heat exchanger 5 from the refrigerant to the engine coolant and outside the starting phase, as soon as the engine is warm, by corresponding circuit of the two 3/2 - way engine heat via a heat exchanger 31, as well as the indoor heat exchanger. 8 is disposed in the air box 3, delivered to the vehicle interior.
Um eine besondere gute Funktion der erfindungsgemäßen Klimaanlage zu erreichen, sind alle Komponenten extrem druckverlustarm ausgeführt . Somit kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Klimaanlage eine zuverlässige und kostengünstige Klimaanlage erhalten werden, die auf Umschalteinrichtungen zum Umschaltung der Durchflussrichtung verzichten kann, da sie immer in einer Richtung durchströmt wird, und deutlich reduzierte Bauteiltemperaturen aufweist , so dass beispielsweise eine Berstsicherheit mit weniger Material möglich ist .In order to achieve a special good function of the air conditioner according to the invention, all components are extremely low pressure loss running. Thus, with the air conditioning system according to the invention a reliable and cost-effective air conditioning can be obtained, which can dispense switching devices for switching the flow direction, since it is always flowed through in one direction, and has significantly reduced component temperatures, so that, for example, a bursting safety with less material is possible.
Zudem ist die erfindungsgemäße Klimaanlage robust und effizient , während sie eine möglichst geringe Komplexität aufweist , da nur drei zusätzliche Komponenten benötigt werden . Die übrigen Komponenten eines Klimakreislaufs können unverändert oder mit geringeren Anforderungen weiter verwendet werden .In addition, the air conditioning system according to the invention is robust and efficient, while having the lowest possible complexity, since only three additional components are needed. The remaining components of an air conditioning circuit can continue to be used unchanged or with lower requirements.
Weiterhin können die für die Klimaanlage notwendigen Sensoren und Sicherheitselemente unverändert verwendet werden .Furthermore, the necessary for the air conditioning sensors and security elements can be used unchanged.
Das Packaging ist für eine AC-Anlage mit oder ohne Wärmepumpe mit Ausnahme einer Komponente identisch .The packaging is identical for an AC system with or without a heat pump with the exception of one component.
Die Wärmeverluste vom Kompressoraustritt bis zum Eintrag der Wärme in den Kältemittel/Kühlmittel -Wärmetauscher sind aufgrund der kurzen Leitungen sehr gering .The heat losses from the compressor outlet to the entry of heat in the refrigerant / coolant heat exchanger are very low due to the short lines.
Außerdem ist Betriebssicherheit beim Kühlen und/oder Heizen gegeben, da das Kältemittel kontinuierlich zirkuliert und es nicht zu einer Kältemittel- und oder Öl -Verlagerung kommt und das Kältemittel nicht in den z . B . bei Wärmepumpenbetrieb nicht genutzten Anlagenteilen für den AC-Betrieb, so dass am Kompressor immer eine ausreichende Sauggasdichte am Kompressoreintritt vorliegt . Aufgrund der druckabfallarmen Ausführung der Komponenten verfügt die AC-Anlage beim Kühlen über einen sehr hohen Wirkungsgrad .In addition, operational safety is given when cooling and / or heating, since the refrigerant circulates continuously and it does not lead to a refrigerant and or oil Verager and the refrigerant is not in the z. B. In the case of heat pump operation unused parts of the system for AC operation, so that the compressor always has sufficient suction gas density at the compressor inlet. Due to the low-pressure design of the components, the AC system has a very high efficiency during cooling.
Die kältemittelseitigen Zusatzvolumina für die Wärmepumpenfunktion sind sehr gering, so dass sich für den AC- und WP-Betrieb benötigte Kältemittelmasse praktisch nicht ändert .The refrigerant side additional volumes for the heat pump function are very low, so that practically does not change for the AC and WP operation required refrigerant mass.
Da für die erfindungsgemäße Klimaanlage nur wenige zusätzliche Komponenten benötigt werden, fallen nur wenige zusätzliche Verbindungsstellen an . Dies wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf Kosten und Leckage aus .Since only a few additional components are required for the air conditioning system according to the invention, only a few additional connection points are incurred. This has an advantageous effect on costs and leakage.
Da ein Einbringen von Wärme zum Heizen bei der Klimaanlage über einen Heizungswärmetauscher erfolgt , entfällt j egliches Risiko des Scheibenbeschlags oder gar von Flash Fogging .Since heat is used to heat the air conditioning system via a heating heat exchanger, there is no longer any risk of the glass pane fitting or even of flash fogging.
Schließlich ist die Regelung der Klimaanlage sehr einfach . Die Klimaanlage wird betrieben, bis das Kühlwasser die entsprechende Temperatur erreicht . Das Aus- und Einschalten der Klimaanlage ist bezüglich des Komforts nicht wahrnehmbar . Finally, the control of the air conditioning is very easy. The air conditioning is operated until the cooling water reaches the appropriate temperature. The switching off and on of the air conditioning is not perceptible in terms of comfort.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005001231A DE102005001231A1 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2005-01-11 | Air conditioning for motor vehicles |
| DE102005001231.0 | 2005-01-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006074778A1 true WO2006074778A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2005/013349 Ceased WO2006074778A1 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2005-12-13 | Air conditioner for motor vehicles |
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| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE102005001231A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006074778A1 (en) |
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| CN106183789A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 中国第汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of whole electric vehicle heat management system and control method thereof |
| CN110267834A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2019-09-20 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Air conditioning equipment for motor vehicles |
| CN113043808A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-29 | 浙江聚热新能源科技有限公司 | Pure electric engineering machinery cooling and heating air conditioning system and control method thereof |
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| DE102008019044A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Coolant cycle for use in vehicle air conditioning system, has expansion body provided with high pressure side, which stands in flow connection with condenser, where expansion body is attached between outlet and internal heat exchanger |
| DE102010016588A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-24 | Ipetronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | System for regulating temperature of component of vehicle, particularly electric vehicle, has circuit of cooling agent, which has flowing direction in circuit |
| DE102010023178A1 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-15 | Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr | Air conditioner for inner chamber air-conditioning of motor vehicle and for cooling or heating drive system, has chiller which is connected with vehicle cooler and auxiliary devices over cooling component circuit |
| DE102012201819B4 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2025-01-02 | Mahle International Gmbh | circuit arrangement |
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| DE102005001231A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
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