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WO2006058965A1 - Résonateur compensé en température - Google Patents

Résonateur compensé en température Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006058965A1
WO2006058965A1 PCT/FI2005/050419 FI2005050419W WO2006058965A1 WO 2006058965 A1 WO2006058965 A1 WO 2006058965A1 FI 2005050419 W FI2005050419 W FI 2005050419W WO 2006058965 A1 WO2006058965 A1 WO 2006058965A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonator
natural frequency
temperature
compensation
compensation element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2005/050419
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jouni Ala-Kojola
Arttu Ollinaho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Powerwave Comtek Oy
Original Assignee
Filtronic Comtek Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Filtronic Comtek Oy filed Critical Filtronic Comtek Oy
Publication of WO2006058965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006058965A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/30—Auxiliary devices for compensation of, or protection against, temperature or moisture effects ; for improving power handling capability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coaxial resonator provided with temperature compensation in order to control the changing of the natural frequency of the resonator when the temperature changes.
  • Coaxial resonators are common in different radio devices, because they can be used to build low-loss filters that withstand relatively high power levels.
  • the basic structure of a coaxial resonator comprises an inner conductor, an outer conductor consisting of side walls, a bottom and a lid.
  • the bottom and the lid are galvanically connected to the outer conductor, and all three together form a closed resonator housing.
  • the lower end of the inner conductor is galvanically connected to the bottom and the upper end is surrounded by air, in which case the transmission line forming the resonator is shorted at its lower end and open at its upper end. This is a quarter-wave resonator, because the wavelength corresponding to its basic resonance frequency is four times the electric length of the transmission line.
  • the filter consists of quarter-wave coaxial resonators, which have only the basic structure, its temperature stability is not sufficient to meet the requirement that the electric characteristics remain constant with high accuracy.
  • the channel filters of base stations in mobile communication networks require a high accuracy. Namely, if the ambient temperature rises, for example, the length of the inner and outer conductor of the resonator increases somewhat, and therefore its natural frequency, i.e. the basic resonance frequency decreases.
  • error is caused merely by the fact that the resonator warms up because of the losses: the higher energy there is in the resonator, the warmer especially the inner conductor gets because of its higher resistance. Then the air gap at the open end of the resonator becomes smaller, for which reason the capacitance between the end of the inner conductor and the lid of the resonator case increases, the electric length of the resonator increases and the natural frequency decreases.
  • One way is to make the inner conductor at least partly of a material which has a smaller thermal expansion factor than the material of the resonator housing. This entails the disadvantage that the junction between two metals may cause harmful intermodulation when several frequencies occur in the resonator, and an increase of the losses.
  • Another known way of compensation is to add between the inner conductor of the resonator and the resonator lid a capacitor, which has a capacitance with a negative temperature coefficient.
  • a good temperature compensation can be achieved by the arrangement, but the drawbacks are a danger of a breakdown in the capacitor, a reduction of the reliability of the structure and an increase of the manu- facturing costs.
  • FIG. 1 A compensation arrangement according to Fig. 1 is known from the publication EP 0540360.
  • the figure shows a quarter-wave resonator, which includes an outer conductor 110, an inner conductor 120, a bottom 115 and a lid 130.
  • the structure also includes a conductive compensation plate 140, which is fastened to the lid 130 at the open end of the resonator.
  • the compensation plate is shaped so that its central part is lower than the edge parts, closer to the upper end of the inner conductor of the resonator.
  • the compensation plate 140 has a smaller thermal expansion factor than the lid plate 130.
  • the lid plate stretches the compensation plate straighter, in which case the distance d of the compensation plate from the inner conductor 120 increases, the capacitance corresponding to the distance decreases and the electric length of the resonator decreases. In this way, the physical lengthening of the resonator caused by the rise of the temperature becomes compensated in principle.
  • the junction between the compensation plate and the lid is not as serious a disadvantage as the junction in the inner conductor men- tioned above. Instead, the inaccuracy of the compensation is a disadvantage when the internal and external temperature of the resonator differ from each other.
  • a compensation arrangement according to Fig. 2 is known from the publication Fl 114253. It shows a quarter-wave resonator 200 with its front wall cut open and the lid removed.
  • a relatively rigid conductor strip 240 on the side of the open end of the resonator, fastened at its ends gal- vanically to the opposite walls 211 and 213 of the outer conductor 210 of the resonator.
  • the conductor strip is horizontal in its longitudinal direction and vertical, i.e. in the direction of the axis of the inner conductor 220 of the resonator, in its lateral direction.
  • the strip is a little longer than the distance between the walls 211 and 213, for which reason it bends in an arc when mounted.
  • the direction of the arc is away from the inner conductor 220.
  • Temperature compensation is based on that the conductor strip 240 has a higher thermal expansion factor than the outer conductor 210.
  • the resonator ex- pands in all its directions. In the horizontal direction, the distance between the walls 211 and 213 increases, but the length of the conductor strip 240 increases even more. Therefore the strip 240 bends more away from the inner conductor 220, causing a reduction of the capacitance between the upper part of the inner conductor and the resonator housing and thus a lowering of the natural frequency of the resonator.
  • the lowering of the resonance frequency caused by vertical expansion of the resonator then becomes compensated.
  • This solution also has the metallic junctions between the compensation element and the rest of the structure, which are harmful in principle, although they are only on the surface of the outer conductor.
  • An object of the invention is to implement the temperature compensation of a coaxial resonator in a new and advantageous manner.
  • a resonator according to the invention is characterized in what is set forth in the independent claim 1. Some preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the other claims.
  • the basic idea of the invention is the following: the characteristics of dielectric ma- terials that the temperature coefficient of their dielectric coefficient is negative is utilized. The permittivity then lowers when the temperature increases and vice versa. For the temperature compensation of a coaxial quarter-wave resonator, a dielectric piece is placed in the resonator cavity, at the open end of the resonator.
  • the lowering of permittivity decreases the capacitance between the upper end of the inner conductor of the resonator and the upper part of the resonator housing, in which case the electric length of the resonator decreases and the natural frequency becomes higher.
  • This rise of the natural frequency is arranged to have the same value as the lowering of the natural frequency caused by the thermal expansion of the resonator structure.
  • the invention has the advantage that the temperature compensation of the reso- nator does not increase the possibility of intermodulation in the resonator, because when the compensation element is dielectric, it has no metallic junctions with the resonator structure.
  • the invention has the advantage that the compensation does not significantly deteriorate the Q value of the resonator, i.e. increase its losses. This is due to the lack of the above mentioned junctions and the fact that the air gap between the inner conductor and the resonator lid need not be made very small and that the dielectric losses in the compensation element can be made relatively small by the selection of material. A relatively wide air gap also has the effect that the temperature compensation does not increase the danger of a breakdown.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that when required, it is easy to arrange overcompensation, in which case the natural frequency of the resonator becomes higher when the temperature rises.
  • the invention has the advantage that the solution according to it is simple. The manufacturing costs are low and the reproducibility is good.
  • Fig. 1 presents an example of a prior art compensation arrangement
  • Fig. 2 presents another example of a prior art compensation arrangement
  • Fig. 3 presents an example of a compensation arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 presents another example of a compensation arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 5a presents a third example of a compensation arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig. 5b shows a version of the compensation arrangement according to Fig. 5a
  • FIGs. 6a, b show a fourth example of a compensation arrangement according to the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 were already explained in connection with the description of the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 presents an example of a coaxial resonator with temperature compensation according to the invention.
  • the resonator 300 is shown as a longitudinal section. It includes an inner conductor 320, an outer conductor 310, a bottom 315 and a lid 330.
  • the inner conductor, outer conductor and bottom are a unitary object without junctions. Such an object has been formed by extrusion, for example.
  • the resonator is a quarter-wave resonator, in which case its upper end is open. When the resonator oscillates at its natural frequency, the strength of the electric part of the alternating electromagnetic field is at the highest at the open end of the resonator and decreases to zero when reaching the shorted end.
  • the electric field E is drawn with dashed lines in Fig. 3.
  • the resonator 300 includes a dielectric compensation element 340 according to the invention.
  • this is a piece shaped like a rectangular prism and located immediately below the lid 330 against the inner surface of the wall belonging to the outer conductor 310.
  • the compensation element has been fastened by glueing, for example. Because of the location of the compensation element, a significant part of the electric field E goes through it.
  • the compensation element Because the dielectric coefficient of the material used in the compensation element is more than one, the compensation element always has an increas- ing effect on the capacitance between the upper end of the inner conductor 320 and the conductive surfaces of the resonator housing surrounding it and hence an increasing effect on the electric length of the resonator. This has been taken into account in the dimensioning of the resonator.
  • the dielectric coefficient of the material used in the compensation element is dependent on temperature so that the permittivity decreases when the temperature rises and vice versa. When the temperature rises, for example, the basic structure of the resonator lengthens and widens, which also results in an increase in its electric length and a lowering in its natural frequency.
  • the capacitance in the upper part of the resonator decreases and so the electric length of the resonator decreases and the natural frequency becomes higher.
  • the changes in the natural frequency of the resonator in the opposite directions are made equal large in their absolute values, and so the natural frequency becomes independent of the temperature.
  • the compensation element naturally has a thermal expansion coefficient, too.
  • the effect of thermal expansion is in the opposite direction to that of the change of permittivity.
  • the dielectric material is some ceramic, for example, the thermal expansion is so minor that its effect is insignificant.
  • Fig. 3 the structure is drawn so as to continue from the resonator 300.
  • the resonator 300 can be a part of a multiresonator filter. In this case, there is similar temperature compensation in each resonator of the filter.
  • Fig. 4 presents another example of a coaxial resonator with temperature compensation according to the invention.
  • the resonator 400 shown as a longitudinal section has a similar basic structure as the resonator 300 in Fig. 3.
  • the compensation element 440 is located against the lower surface of the resona- tor lid 430, at the point of the inner conductor. 420, as seen from above. This means that it is at a place where the electric field is the strongest when the structure is resonating, in which case a smaller dielectric piece than in the case of Fig. 3 is sufficient for compensation.
  • the compensation element is shaped like a cylinder or a rectangular prism, for example.
  • Fig. 5a presents a third example of a coaxial resonator with temperature compensation according to the invention.
  • the resonator 500 shown in longitudinal section has a similar basic structure as the resonators of Figs. 3 and 4. The difference to these is that the resonator 500 is tunable.
  • a metallic tuning screw 550 In its lid 530, at the inner conductor 520, there is a threaded opening provided with a metallic tuning screw 550 very well known as such.
  • the dielectric compensation element 540 is fastened to the lower surface of the tuning screw 550.
  • the tuning screw can also be of some dielectric material, as shown in the auxiliary drawing 5b. It shows a unitary, dielectric piece 541 , the threaded part of which is secured to the lid 531 of the resonator.
  • the piece 541 is designed so that it functions both as a tuning element and a compensation element. Thus it corresponds to the tuning screw and compensation element of Fig. 5a together.
  • Figs. 6a and 6b show a fourth example of a coaxial resonator with temperature compensation according to the invention.
  • the resonator 600 is shown as a longitudinal section from the side and in Fig. 6b from above.
  • the resonator 600 has a similar basic structure as the resonators of Figures 3 to 5.
  • it is tuneable like the resonator 500 of Fig. 5, but the tuning way is different.
  • the tuning element is a dielectric piece 640 movable in the horizontal direction. In this example, it is shaped like a vertical cylinder, the top of which is against the lower surface of the lid 630 and the bottom is somewhat lower than the upper surface of the inner conductor.
  • the dielectric piece has a vertical spindle, which extends through an elongated opening 631 in the resonator lid 630 outside the resonator housing. At its upper end, the spindle is fastened to a structural part 660 shown in Fig. 6a, which holds the dielectric piece 640 against the lower surface of the lid and by which it can be moved in the range allowed by the opening 631.
  • the structural part 760 is not drawn in Fig. 7b.
  • the opening 731 is located so that when the dielectric piece 640 is at one end of its adjusting range, it is beside the inner conductor half way between two adjacent corners of the resonator as seen from above.
  • the dielectric piece 640 When the dielectric piece 640 is shifted to the opposite end of the adjusting range, it moves in the direction of the wall of the outer conductor farther from the inner conductor, as seen from above. In the former situation the natural frequency of the resonator is at the lowest and in the latter situation at the highest.
  • the dielectric piece 640 functioning as the tuning element has been dimensioned so that it also functions as the compensation element according to the invention. Thus it can be called a compensation element 640.
  • the accuracy of the tempera- ture compensation depends to some extent on at which point of the tuning adjustment range the compensation element is located. When optimum compensation is arranged to take place in the situation where the compensation element is in the middle of the adjusting range, the compensation error at each end remains small.
  • the qualifiers "lower”, “upper”, “horizontal”, “ver- tical”, “from the side” and “from above” refer to the position of the resonators in which their inner conductor is vertical and the bottom is lowest, and they have nothing to do with the position in which the devices are used.
  • Temperature compensated resonator structures have been described above.
  • the location, position and shape of the compensation element can differ from those presented.
  • the compensation element can be, for example, a film-like layer on some conductive surface. There can also be more than one of them.
  • the shape of the basic structure of the resonator can naturally also vary, as long as the upper end of the resonator is open. The inventive idea can be applied in different ways within the scope set by the independent claim 1.

Landscapes

  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un résonateur coaxial muni de compensation de température afin de contrôler le changement de la fréquence naturelle du résonateur en cas de changement de température. On utilise la caractéristique de matériaux diélectriques dans la solution selon laquelle le coefficient de température de leur coefficient diélectrique est négatif. Pour la compensation de température du résonateur de quart d’onde coaxial (300), on dispose une pièce diélectrique (340) dans la cavité de résonateur, à l’extrémité ouverte du résonateur. En cas de montée en température, par exemple, la baisse de permittivité réduit la capacitance entre l’extrémité supérieure du conducteur interne (320) du résonateur et la partie supérieure du boîtier de résonateur (310, 315, 330), auquel cas la longueur électrique du résonateur décroît et la fréquence naturelle augmente. Cette augmentation de la fréquence naturelle devrait présenter la même valeur que la baisse de la fréquence naturelle provoquée par la dilatation thermique de la structure de résonateur. La compensation de température du résonateur n’augmente pas la possibilité d’intermodulation dans le résonateur du fait du manque de ses jonctions métalliques, et ne dégrade pas sensiblement la valeur Q du résonateur. Les coûts de fabrication de la structure sont faibles et la reproductibilité est satisfaisante.
PCT/FI2005/050419 2004-11-30 2005-11-17 Résonateur compensé en température Ceased WO2006058965A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20041546A FI20041546A7 (fi) 2004-11-30 2004-11-30 Lämpötilakompensoitu resonaattori
FI20041546 2004-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006058965A1 true WO2006058965A1 (fr) 2006-06-08

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WO (1) WO2006058965A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2448875A (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-05 Isotek Electronics Ltd A tunable cavity resonator with a temperature compensation plate comprising an aperture for the tuning member
EP2053687A1 (fr) * 2007-06-26 2009-04-29 Andrew Telecommunication Products S.r.l. Système et Méthode pour accorder les filtres avec plusieurs cavités
WO2009056813A1 (fr) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Radio Design Limited Filtre accordable et son procédé d'utilisation
EP2083471A1 (fr) * 2008-01-28 2009-07-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Résonateur de cavité coaxial à température compensée utilisant un matériau anisotrope
CN101916895A (zh) * 2010-08-20 2010-12-15 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司 腔体滤波器及腔体滤波器制造方法
EP2437346A1 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-04 Thales Filtre hyperfréquence à résonateur diélectrique
US8183960B2 (en) 2006-07-13 2012-05-22 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Trimming of waveguide filters
DE102012020979A1 (de) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Kathrein-Werke Kg Abstimmbares Hochfrequenzfilter
EP3002594A1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositif de détection de tension

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100504A (en) * 1977-06-20 1978-07-11 Harris Corporation Band rejection filter having integrated impedance inverter-tune cavity configuration
JPS55135401A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-10-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Coaxial type resonator
US4292610A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-09-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Temperature compensated coaxial resonator having inner, outer and intermediate conductors
JPS62123801A (ja) * 1985-11-25 1987-06-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 同軸型フイルタ
EP1169747B1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2002-06-26 Kathrein-Werke KG Filtre haute frequence
WO2004084340A1 (fr) * 2003-03-18 2004-09-30 Filtronic Comtek Oy Filtre de resonateur
JP2004349823A (ja) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-09 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 共振器装置、フィルタ、複合フィルタ装置および通信装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100504A (en) * 1977-06-20 1978-07-11 Harris Corporation Band rejection filter having integrated impedance inverter-tune cavity configuration
US4292610A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-09-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Temperature compensated coaxial resonator having inner, outer and intermediate conductors
JPS55135401A (en) * 1979-04-09 1980-10-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Coaxial type resonator
JPS62123801A (ja) * 1985-11-25 1987-06-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 同軸型フイルタ
EP1169747B1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2002-06-26 Kathrein-Werke KG Filtre haute frequence
WO2004084340A1 (fr) * 2003-03-18 2004-09-30 Filtronic Comtek Oy Filtre de resonateur
JP2004349823A (ja) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-09 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 共振器装置、フィルタ、複合フィルタ装置および通信装置

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101485040B (zh) * 2006-07-13 2014-05-07 艾利森电话股份有限公司 波导滤波器的微调
US8183960B2 (en) 2006-07-13 2012-05-22 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Trimming of waveguide filters
GB2448875B (en) * 2007-04-30 2011-06-01 Isotek Electronics Ltd A temperature compensated tuneable TEM mode resonator
GB2448875A (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-05 Isotek Electronics Ltd A tunable cavity resonator with a temperature compensation plate comprising an aperture for the tuning member
EP2053687A1 (fr) * 2007-06-26 2009-04-29 Andrew Telecommunication Products S.r.l. Système et Méthode pour accorder les filtres avec plusieurs cavités
US7834721B2 (en) 2007-06-26 2010-11-16 Commscope Italy S.R.L. System and method for tuning multicavity filters
WO2009056813A1 (fr) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Radio Design Limited Filtre accordable et son procédé d'utilisation
EP2083471A1 (fr) * 2008-01-28 2009-07-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Résonateur de cavité coaxial à température compensée utilisant un matériau anisotrope
CN101916895A (zh) * 2010-08-20 2010-12-15 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司 腔体滤波器及腔体滤波器制造方法
EP2437346A1 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-04 Thales Filtre hyperfréquence à résonateur diélectrique
FR2965668A1 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-06 Thales Sa Filtre hyperfrequence a resonateur dielectrique
US8847710B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2014-09-30 Thales Microwave filter with dielectric resonator
DE102012020979A1 (de) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Kathrein-Werke Kg Abstimmbares Hochfrequenzfilter
WO2014063829A1 (fr) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 Kathrein-Werke Kg Filtre haute fréquence accordable
KR20150079832A (ko) * 2012-10-25 2015-07-08 카트라인-베르케 카게 튜닝 가능한 고주파 필터
KR101720261B1 (ko) 2012-10-25 2017-04-10 카트라인-베르케 카게 튜닝 가능한 고주파 필터
US9748622B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2017-08-29 Kathrein-Werke Kg Tunable high frequency filter
EP3002594A1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositif de détection de tension
WO2016053790A1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Dispositif de détection de tension
US10338103B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2019-07-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Voltage sensing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20041546L (fi) 2006-05-31
FI20041546A7 (fi) 2006-05-31
FI20041546A0 (fi) 2004-11-30

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