WO2006058657A1 - Metalloxide mit einer in einem weiten ph-bereich permanenten positiven oberflächenladung - Google Patents
Metalloxide mit einer in einem weiten ph-bereich permanenten positiven oberflächenladung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006058657A1 WO2006058657A1 PCT/EP2005/012587 EP2005012587W WO2006058657A1 WO 2006058657 A1 WO2006058657 A1 WO 2006058657A1 EP 2005012587 W EP2005012587 W EP 2005012587W WO 2006058657 A1 WO2006058657 A1 WO 2006058657A1
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- metal oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/145—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09716—Inorganic compounds treated with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
Definitions
- Metal oxides with a permanent positive surface charge over a wide pH range Metal oxides with a permanent positive surface charge over a wide pH range
- the invention relates to metal oxides which have a positive permanent surface charge over a wide pH range, their preparation and their aqueous dispersions.
- the surface charge properties and in particular the surface charge density of particulate metal oxides are important properties when these substances are used in aqueous dispersion, as flow aids and for charge control in toners, developers and powder coatings.
- the stability of aqueous dispersions of particulate metal oxides is determined by the amount of
- Aqueous dispersions of particulate metal oxides are described i.a. used as rheological additives for water-based adhesives
- Chargeability is used primarily as constituents of developers and toners to visualize negative electrostatic charge images. Prerequisite is a high / stable, uniform, positive, triboelectric chargeability of said particles.
- the sign, the magnitude and the density of the surface charge of particulate metal oxides are determined by the chemical Structure of the particle surface determined.
- superficial hydroxyl groups are the charge-determining groups. Due to the acid-base properties of the hydroxyl groups, the surface charge of the particles is pH-dependent, ie a low pH leads to a positive surface charge by protonation of the hydroxyl groups, a high pH by deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups to a negative surface charge. Due to the pH dependence are the resulting
- the invention relates to metal oxides which have a permanent positive surface charge in a pH range of 0 to 10 and permanently bonded to the surface groups of the general formula I or Ia
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally with -CN, -NCO, -NR 4 2 , -COOH, -COOR 4 , -halo, -acrylic, -
- C] _-Cs-hydrocarbon radical particularly preferably a C] _- C3-hydrocarbon radical, or an aryl group, or C1-C15 hydrocarbyloxy, preferably a C ⁇ -CS- hydrocarbonoxy radical, particularly preferably a C1 C4
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or C] _C ⁇ 5 hydrocarbon, preferably a Ci-Cg hydrocarbon radical and particularly preferably a C] _C3 hydrocarbon radical or aryl radical, where R 4 may be the same or different, A may be oxygen, sulfur, or a group of the formula NR 3 , and x may assume the values between 0 and 10 and n is 0, 1, 2, with a hydrodynamic Equivalent diameter of the aggregates from 80 to 800 nm.
- Metal oxides in particular for the use of said metal oxides, for example, for paper coating advantageous because a partial modification of the adsorption capacity of the metal oxides is only slightly impaired.
- the modified metal oxides are basically obtainable by the following processes:
- the invention also provides a process for preparing the metal oxides according to the invention, wherein the unmodified metal oxides with silanes of the general formula II or IIa RO 1 + n -SiR 1 2 - n -R 2 -NR 3 3 + X "(H)
- R is a CO bound C] _- C ] _5 hydrocarbon radical, preferably a Ci-Cg hydrocarbon radical, more preferably a C] _C3 hydrocarbon radical, or an acetyl radical and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , X " , A, n, and x have the abovementioned meaning.
- the invention also provides a process for the preparation of the metal oxides according to the invention, wherein the
- metal oxides are preferably obtainable by reacting the untreated metal oxides with silanes of the general formula IIIa
- R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 have the abovementioned meaning, with substances of the general formula (IV) R 3 -X (IV),
- R 3 has the abovementioned meaning and X is the above-mentioned C-linked acid anion radical.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for
- metal oxides are preferably obtainable by reacting the untreated metal oxides with silanes of the general formula Va
- R, R 1 , R 2 have the abovementioned meaning and Y is - OH, -SH or -NR 3 2, where R 3 is the abovementioned
- R ⁇ may be the same or different and the above
- Z may be the same or different and is halogen atom, monovalent Si-N-bonded nitrogen radicals to which another silyl radical may be bonded, -OR ⁇ or -OC (O) OR ⁇ , where R ⁇ has the abovementioned meaning, or
- R and R 1 may be the same or different and have one of the meanings given above for R or R 1 , e is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and f is 0, 1, 2, 3, with the proviso that the sum e + f ⁇ 3 is, or
- Mixtures of (i) and (ii) can be used.
- organosilicon compounds which can be used in addition to the silanes of the general formulas II, IIa, IHa and Va for the silylation of the metal oxides, it may, for example, mixtures of silanes or silazanes of Formula (VII), wherein those of methyl chlorosilanes on the one hand or alkoxysilanes and optionally disilazanes on the other hand are preferred . are.
- silanes of the general formulas II, IIa, IHa and Va and the organosilicon compounds VII and VIII can be used as a mixture or in succession.
- R 1 are the radicals indicated above, which are preferably the methyl, octyl, phenyl and vinyl radical, more preferably the methyl radical.
- R 2 are preferably the methyl, the ethyl, the propyl and the octyl radical, with the methyl and the ethyl radical being preferred.
- organosilanes of formula (VII) are alkylchlorosilanes such as methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, octylmethyldichlorosilane, octyltrichlorosilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane and octadecylmethyldichlorosilane, Methylmethoxysilane such as methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane and trimethylmethoxysilane, Methylethoxysilane, such as methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane and trimethylethoxysilane, Methylacetoxysilane as Methyltriacethoxysilan,
- phenylsilanes such as phenyltrichlorosilane, phenylmethyldichlorosilane, phenyldimethylchlorosilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenyldimethylmethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane,
- vinylsilanes such as vinyltrichlorosilane, vinylmethyldichlorosilane, vinyldimethylchlor
- methyltrichlorosilane dimethyldichlorosilane and trimethylchlorosilane or hexamethyldisilazane.
- organosiloxanes of the formula (VIII) are linear or cyclic dialkylsiloxanes having an average number of dialkylsiloxy units of greater than 3.
- the dialkylsiloxanes are preferably dimethylsiloxanes.
- linear polydimethylsiloxanes having the following end groups: trimethylsiloxy, dimethylhydroxysiloxy, dimethylchlorosiloxy, methyldichlorosiloxy, dimethylmethoxysiloxy, methyldimethoxysiloxy, dimethylethoxysiloxy, methyldiethoxysiloxy, dimethylacethoxysiloxy, methyldiacethoxysiloxy and dimethylhydroxysiloxy groups, in particular having trimethylsiloxy or dimethylhydroxysiloxy end groups.
- Polydimethylsiloxanes mentioned preferably have a viscosity at 25 ° C of 2 to 100 mPa 's.
- organosiloxanes are silicone resins, in particular those which contain as alkyl groups are methyl groups, which is particularly preferred are those which contain R 1 S SIOI Z2 and SiO 4/2 ⁇ units or those that R 1 SIOS Z2 and optionally R 1 2Si ⁇ 2 Z 2 ⁇ contain units, wherein R 1 has one of the meanings mentioned above.
- said silicone resins have a viscosity at 25 ° C of 500 to 5000 mm 2 / s.
- silicone resins with a viscosity greater than 1000 iraiVs at 25 0 C are preferably those which, in a technically well manageable solvent, such as, preferably alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, siloxanes such as hexamethyldisiloxane, alkanes such as cyclohexane or n-octane
- a technically well manageable solvent such as, preferably alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, siloxanes such as hexamethyldisiloxane, alkanes such as cyclohexane or n-octane
- Aromatics such as toluene or xylene, with a concentration above 10 wt .-% and a mixture viscosity less than 1000 mm 2 / s at a temperature of 25 0 C and the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere to solve.
- Preferred solid organosiloxanes are those which dissolve in a technically usable solvent (as defined above) with a concentration greater than 10% by weight and a mixture viscosity of less than 1000 mm 2 / s at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the solid used having OH groups on the surface may be an oxidized surface metal such as silicon, aluminum, iron, a mineral glass such as quartz glass or window glass, or a metal oxide.
- the base (starting) product of the surface modification is preferably a solid having an average particle size ⁇ 1000 .mu.m, in particular having a mean primary particle particle size of 5 to 100 nm. These primary particles can not exist in isolation, but be components of larger aggregates and agglomerates.
- Preferred solids are metal oxides, with silicic acid being particularly preferred.
- the metal oxide preferably has a specific surface area of from 0.1 to 1000 m 2 / g (measured by the BET method according to DIN 66131 and 66132), more preferably from 10 to 500 nm / g.
- the metal oxide may have aggregates (defined according to DIN 53206) in the range of diameters of 100 to 1000 nm, the metal oxide comprising agglomerates constructed from aggregates (definition according to DIN 53206) which, depending on the external shear stress (eg due to the measuring conditions), sizes may have from 1 to 1000 microns.
- the metal oxide is preferably an oxide with a covalent bond portion in the metal-oxygen bond, preferably an oxide in the
- Solid of the main and subgroup elements such as the 3rd main group, such as boron, aluminum, gallium or indium oxide, or the 4th main group such as silica, germanium dioxide, or tin oxide or dioxide, lead oxide or dioxide, or an oxide 4th subgroup, such as titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, or hafnium oxide.
- the 3rd main group such as boron, aluminum, gallium or indium oxide
- the 4th main group such as silica, germanium dioxide, or tin oxide or dioxide, lead oxide or dioxide, or an oxide 4th subgroup, such as titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, or hafnium oxide.
- Other examples are stable nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium or vanadium oxides.
- aluminum (III), titanium (IV) and silicon (IV) oxides such as, for example, precipitated silicas or silica gels prepared by wet chemistry, or aluminum oxides, titanium dioxides or silicas prepared in processes at elevated temperature, for example pyrogenically prepared aluminas , Titanium dioxides or silicas or silica.
- solids are silicates, aluminates or titanates, or aluminum phyllosilicates, such as bentonites, such as montmorillonites, or smectites or hectorites.
- Fumed silica which is produced in a flame reaction from organosilicon compounds, for example from silicon tetrachloride or methyldichlorosilane, is particularly preferred. or hydrogentrichlorosilane or hydrogenmethyldichlorosilane, or other methylchlorosilanes or alkylchlorosilanes, also in mixture with hydrocarbons, or any volatilizable or sprayable mixtures of organosilicon compounds, as mentioned, and
- Hydrocarbons e.g. in a hydrogen-oxygen flame, or even a carbon monoxide oxygen flame is produced.
- the preparation of the silica can be carried out optionally with and without additional addition of water, for example in the step of purification; preferred is no addition of water.
- the fumed silica has a fractal surface dimension of preferably less than or equal to 2.3, more preferably less than or equal to 2.1, most preferably from 1.95 to 2.05, the fractal dimension of the surface being D s here defined as:
- Particle surface A is proportional to the particle radius R high D 3
- the silica has a fractal dimension of mass D m of preferably less than or equal to 2.8, preferably less than or equal to 2.3, more preferably from 1.7 to 2.1, as given in F. Saint-Michel, F. Pignon, A. Magnin, J. Colloid Interface Sei. 2003, 257, 314.
- the fractal dimension of the mass D m is defined as: Particle mass M is proportional to the particle radius R high D m .
- the unmodified silica has a density of surface silanol groups SiOH of less than 2.5 SiOH / nm 2 , preferably less than 2.1 SiOH / nm 2 , preferably of less than 2 SiOH / nm 2, particularly preferably of 1.7 to 1.9 SiOH / nm 2.
- silicas produced in a wet-chemical route or prepared at high temperature can be used. Particular preference is given to pyrogenic silicas. It is also possible to use hydrophilic silicas which, freshly prepared, come directly from the burner, are stored intermediately or are already packaged in a commercial manner.
- hydrophobized metal oxides or silicas e.g. commercially available silicas used.
- Mixtures of different metal oxides or silicic acids can be used, e.g. Mixtures of metal oxides or silicas of different BET surface area, or mixtures of metal oxides with different degree of hydrophobization or Silyliergrad.
- the metal oxide can be prepared in continuous or batch processes, the silylation process can be composed of one or more steps.
- the silylated metal oxide is prepared by a process in which the preparation process is carried out in separate steps: (A) first producing the hydrophilic metal oxide, (B) optionally premodifying metal oxide by known methods with silanes of the general formula IIIa or Va (route 2 or 3), then (C) the silylation / modification of the metal oxide with (1) loading of the hydrophilic (route 1) or premodified (route 2 or 3) metal oxide with silanes of the general formula II or IIa or compounds of the general formula IV or VI, (2) reaction of the metal oxide with the applied compounds and (3) purification of the metal oxide from excess applied compounds.
- the surface treatment is preferably carried out in an atmosphere which does not result in the oxidation of the silylated metal oxide, i. preferably less than 10% by volume of oxygen, more preferably less than 2.5% by volume, best results are achieved with less than 1% by volume of oxygen.
- step Cl is preferably carried out at temperatures of -30 - 250 0 C, preferably 20-150 0 C, in particular preferably 20-80 0 C; preferably, the coating step is carried out at 30-50 0 C.
- the residence time is 1 min - 24 h, preferably 15 min to 240 min, for reasons of space-time yield particularly preferably from 15 min to 90 min.
- the pressure in the occupancy ranges from weak negative pressure to 0.2 bar to overpressure of 100 bar, for technical reasons normal pressure, that is pressure-free working against outside / atmospheric pressure is preferred.
- the silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI are preferably added in liquid form, and in particular the powdery Mixed metal oxide.
- the compounds can be mixed in pure form or as solutions in known technically used solvents such as alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, or i-propanol, ethers such as diethyl ether, THF, or dioxane, or hydrocarbons such as hexanes or toluene.
- concentration in the solution is 5 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 95% by weight.
- the admixing is preferably done by nozzle techniques, or similar techniques, such as effective atomization techniques, such as atomizing in 1-fluid nozzles under pressure (preferably 5 to 20 bar), spraying in 2-fluid nozzles under pressure (preferably gas and liquid 2-20 bar), ultrafine distribution With atomizers or gas-solid-exchange units with moving, rotating or static installations, the homogeneous distribution of
- silanes of general formula II or IIa or the compounds of general formula IV or VI with the powdered metal oxide are preferably added as the finely divided aerosol, characterized in that the aerosol has a rate of descent of 0.1 to 20 cm / s.
- the loading of the metal oxide and the reaction with the silanes of the general formula II, IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI takes place under mechanical or gas-borne fluidization.
- the mechanical fluidization is particularly preferred.
- a gas-supported fluidization can be carried out by all inert gases which do not react with the silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI, the metal oxide, and the silylated metal oxide, ie not to side reactions, degradation reactions, Oxidation processes and flame and explosion phenomena lead, such as preferably N2, Ar, other noble gases, CO2, etc.
- Supply of the gases for fluidization is preferably in the range of Leerrohrgas niether of 0.05 to 5 cm / s, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 cm / s.
- the mechanical fluidization which takes place without additional gas addition beyond the inertization, by paddle stirrers, anchor stirrers and other suitable stirring elements.
- unreacted silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI and exhaust gases from the purification step are returned to the step of occupying and loading the metal oxide; this can be done partially or completely, preferably at 10-90% of the total volume flow of the gas volumes leaving the purification.
- This recycling is preferably carried out in non-condensed phase, ie as gas or as vapor.
- This recycling can be carried out as mass transfer along a pressure equalization or as controlled mass transport with the technically usual systems of gas transport, such as fans, pumps, compressed air membrane pumps. Since the return of the non-condensed phase is preferred, the heating of the returning lines is recommended if appropriate.
- the recycling of the unreacted silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI and the exhaust gases can be between preferably 5 and 100% by weight, based on their total mass, preferably between 30 and 80% by weight , The recycling can be based on 100 parts freshly used silane between 1 and 200 parts, preferably 10 to 30 parts.
- the return of the cleaning products of the .Silylierretress in the occupancy is preferably carried out continuously.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at temperatures 40-200 0 C, preferably 40-160 0 C and particularly preferably at 80-150 0 C.
- the reaction time is 5 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 4 hours.
- protic solvents may be added, such as liquid or vaporizable alcohols or water; typical alcohols are isopropanol, ethanol and methanol. It is also possible to add mixtures of the abovementioned protic solvents. Preferably, 1 to 50% by weight of protic solvent, based on the metal oxide, is added, particularly preferably 5 to 25%. Particularly preferred is water.
- acidic catalysts of acidic character in the sense of a Lewis acid or a Brönsted acid such as hydrogen chloride
- basic catalysts of basic character in the sense of a Lewis base or a Brönsted base such as ammonia or amines such as triethylamine
- these are added in traces, i. less than 1000 ppm. Most preferably, no catalysts are added.
- the cleaning is preferably carried out at a purification temperature of from 20 to 200 ° C., preferably from 50 ° C. to 180 ° C., more preferably from 50 to 150 ° C.
- the purification step is preferably characterized by agitation, with slow agitation and low
- the stirrers are advantageously adjusted and moved so that preferably mixing and fluidizing, but not complete turbulence, occurs.
- the cleaning step may further be characterized by increased gas input, corresponding to one
- Leerrohrgas of preferably 0.001 to 10 cm / s, preferably 0.01 to 1 cm / s. This can be carried out by all inert gases which do not react with the silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI, the metal oxide, and the silylated metal oxide, ie not to side reactions, degradation reactions, oxidation processes and flame and explosive phenomena, such as preferably N2, Ar, other noble gases, CO2, etc.
- methods for mechanical densification of the metal oxides can be used, such as press rolls, grinding units such as edge mills and ball mills, continuous or discontinuous, compaction by screws or screw mixers, screw compressors, briquetting machines, or compaction by aspiration of the air or gas content by suitable vacuum methods.
- step (II) of the reaction by press rolls, the above-mentioned grinding units such as ball mills or compaction by screws, screw mixers, screw compressors, briquetting.
- processes for the mechanical compaction of the metal oxide are used following the purification, such as compaction by aspiration of the air or gas contents by suitable vacuum methods or press rolls or a combination of both processes.
- processes for the mechanical compaction of the metal oxide are used following the purification, such as compaction by aspiration of the air or gas contents by suitable vacuum methods or press rolls or a combination of both processes.
- a particularly preferred procedure subsequent to the purification process for deagglomerating the metal oxide may be used, such as pin mills, hammer mills, countercurrent mills, impact mills or devices for grinding sifting.
- the silanes of the general formula II or IIa or the compounds of the general formula IV or VI are preferably in an amount less than 15 wt.% (Based on the metal oxide), preferably less than 10 wt.% (Based on the metal oxide), particularly preferred less than 8% by weight (based on the metal oxide), per used metal oxide surface area of 100 m 2 / g BET surface used (measured according to the BET method according to DIN 66131 and 66132).
- the metal oxide can be reacted with a customary surface modification agent, in particular silylating agent.
- a silica is prepared with a homogeneously modified surface, with an average primary particle size smaller than 100 nm, preferably with an average primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm, said
- Primary particles do not exist isolated in the silica, but are components of larger aggregates (definition according to DIN 53206), which have a diameter of 80 to 800 nm and agglomerates (definition according to DIN 53206) build, depending on the external shear load sizes of 1 to 500 microns, wherein the silica is a specific
- silica is a fractal dimension of the mass D m of less than or equal to 2.8, preferably less than or equal to 2.3, more preferably from 1.7 to 2.1, as given in F. Saint-Michel, F. Pignon, A. Magnin, J. Colloid Interface Be. 2003, 261, 314.
- the silica surface is chemically permanently modified with groups of general formula I or Ia.
- the density of surface silanol groups SiOH is less than 1.8 SiOH / nm 2 , preferably between 0.3 and 1.7 SiOH / nm 2 , particularly preferably between 0.3 and 1.6 SiOH / nm 2 and most preferably between 0.3 and 1.5 SiOH / nm 2 .
- the metal oxides according to the invention preferably have a carbon content of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight, particularly preferably less than 6% by weight.
- the metal oxides according to the invention are characterized in that they have a permanent positive surface charge.
- the surface charge of the metal oxides is greater than 1 C / g, preferably greater than 2.5 C / g and most preferably greater than 5 C / g, each measured by charge titration on a Mütek PCD 03 pH (Mütek) in combination with a Titroprocessor Titrino 702 SM (from Metrohm) and 0.001 N PES-Na (polyethylenesulfonic acid) solution as titration solution.
- the silicas of the invention are further characterized by having a positive ZETA potential over a wide pH range.
- a pH of ⁇ 4 is given, such as given in M. Kosmulski, J. Colloid Interface Be. 2002, 253, 77. This means that only from a pH of ⁇ 4 not according to the invention Silica has a positive ZETA potential.
- the silicas according to the invention have an isoelectric point at a pH of> 4, preferably at a pH of> 4.5, and most preferably at a pH of> 5.
- Another object of the invention are aqueous dispersions containing the metal oxides of the invention.
- the metal oxides according to the invention can be added to the liquid for the preparation of the dispersions according to the invention and incorporated by spontaneous wetting or by shaking, such as with a tumble mixer, or a high-speed mixer, or by stirring, such as bar stirrers or dissolvers. At low particle concentrations below 10 wt.% In general, simple stirring is sufficient for incorporation of
- Particles in the liquid Preference is given to incorporating the particles into the liquid at a high shear rate. Subsequently or parallel to incorporation, the particles are dispersed. Preference is given to parallel dispersion. This can be done by a dispersing in the first container, or by pumping in external piping containing a dispersing from the container under preferably closed return to the container. By a partial return, and partially continuous removal, this process can preferably be designed continuously.
- high-speed stirrers for this purpose, preference is given to high-speed stirrers, high-speed dissolvers, e.g. with orbital speeds of 1-50 m / s, high-speed rotor-stator systems, sonolators, shear gaps, nozzles, ball mills suitable.
- ultrasonic dispersion can be continuous or discontinuous. This can be done by individual ultrasound transmitters, such as ultrasonic tips, or in flow systems, which, optionally separated by a pipe or pipe wall systems, one or more ultrasonic encoders.
- the preparation according to the invention can be carried out in batchwise and in continuous processes. Preferred are continuous processes.
- dispersion of the invention can also be prepared in other ways. However, it has been found that the procedure is critical and not all types of preparation yield stable dispersions.
- the processes of the invention have the advantage that they are very simple to carry out and aqueous dispersions can be prepared with very high solids contents.
- the dispersions according to the invention preferably have a content of metal oxides according to the invention of 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight and very particularly preferably 15 to 35% by weight.
- the novel aqueous dispersions having a high content of metal oxides according to the invention are characterized in particular by the fact that low-viscosity dispersions can be obtained.
- dispersions having a metal oxide content of preferably from 5 to 60% by weight have a viscosity of less than 1000 mPas, preferably a viscosity of from 800 to 10 mPas, particularly preferably a viscosity of from 700 to 50 mPas wherein the viscosity was measured with a cone-plate sensor system with 105 micron measuring gap, at 25 0 C and a shear rate of 10 s "1 .
- the aqueous dispersions according to the invention with a high content of metal oxides according to the invention are further characterized in that they have an excellent storage stability. That is, the viscosity of a dispersion after a storage time of 4 weeks at 40 0 C at most by a factor of 1.5, preferably a maximum of the factor 1.25, more preferably a maximum of the factor 1.1 and most preferably the 1 factor is increased relative to the viscosity immediately after preparation of the dispersion, the viscosity was measured using a cone-plate sensor system with a 105 micron measuring gap, at 25 0 C and a shear rate of 10 s' 1.
- the aqueous dispersions according to the invention with a high content of metal oxides according to the invention are further characterized in that they have an excellent storage stability. This means that after a storage time of 4 weeks at 40 ° C., the dispersions have a yield point of less than 100 Pa, preferably less than 10 Pa, more preferably less than 1 Pa and most preferably less than 0.1 Pa, in each case measured by the wing body method 25 0 C in accordance with QD Nguyen, D. Boger, J. Rheol. 1985, 29, 335.
- the dispersions of the invention are further characterized in that the dispersed particles are in the form of finely divided sintered aggregates.
- the dispersions according to the invention are further characterized in that they optionally contain fungicides or bactericides, such as methylisothiazolones or benzisothiazolones.
- the metal oxides according to the invention and their aqueous dispersions according to the invention are further characterized in that they are suitable for the production of paper coatings, as e.g. are used for high-gloss photographic papers, are suitable.
- the metal oxides according to the invention are further characterized in that they prevent caking or clumping in powdery systems, for example under the influence of moisture, but also do not tend to Reagglomeration, and thus the undesirable separation, but powder flowable and thus give stable load-stable and storage-stable mixtures. This is especially true for use in nonmagnetic and magnetic toners and developers and charge control agents, eg, in contactless or electrophotographic printing / reproduction processes, which may be 1- and 2-component systems. This also applies in powdered resins used as paint systems.
- the invention further relates to the use of the inventive matal oxides in systems of low to high polarity as a viscosity-giving component. This applies to all solvent-free, solvent-based, film-forming
- Paints, rubbery to hard coatings, adhesives, sealants and potting compounds and other comparable systems Paints, rubbery to hard coatings, adhesives, sealants and potting compounds and other comparable systems.
- the metal oxides of the invention can be used in systems such as:
- Solvent-free resins in powder form e.g. when
- Coating materials are applied.
- the metal oxides according to the invention provide the necessary as a rheological additive in these systems
- the metal oxides of the present invention may be specifically used as a rheological additive and reinforcing filler in uncrosslinked and crosslinked silicone systems, such as silicone elastomers composed of silicone polymers such as polydimethylsiloxanes, fillers, and other additives. These can be crosslinked with peroxides, for example, or crosslinked via addition reactions, the so-called hydrosilylation, between olefinic groups and Si-H groups, or via condensation reactions between silanol groups, for example those under Water effect arise.
- the metal oxides according to the invention can furthermore be used in particular as reinforcing filler in water-based coatings, adhesives, sealants and potting compounds and other comparable systems for improving the mechanical properties of the cured system. Due to the special properties of the metal oxides according to the invention, it is possible to realize high degrees of filling of metal oxides in the uncured systems without the viscosity rising excessively.
- the metal oxides according to the invention or their dispersions according to the invention can furthermore be used for stabilizing particle-stabilized emulsions, so-called Pickering emulsions.
- Another object of the invention are toners, developers and charge control adjuvants containing the metal oxides of the invention.
- Such developers and toners are e.g. magnetic 1-component and 2-component toner, but also non-magnetic toner.
- These toners may consist of resins such as styrene and acrylic resins, and preferably be ground to particle distributions of 1-100 microns, or may be resins used in dispersion or emulsion or solution or bulk dispersions of polymer dispersions preferably 1-100 microns were manufactured.
- the silicas of the invention are preferably used for improving and controlling the powder flow behavior, and / or for regulating and controlling the triboelectric
- Such toners and developers can be used preferably in electrophotographic printing and printing processes, they are also can be used with direct image transmission methods.
- a toner typically has the following composition
- Solid resin as a binder which is sufficiently hard to produce a powder thereof preferably having a molecular weight above 10,000, preferably having a proportion of polymers of a molecular weight below 10,000 of less than 10%, e.g. a polyester resin which may be a co-condensate of diol and carboxylic acid ester, or anhydride, e.g.
- the toner resin may contain alcohols, carboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acid.
- polyamines typically less than 5% by weight.
- negative charge control agents Charge controlling additives such as metal-containing azo dyes, or copper phthalocyanine dyes, or metal complexes of, for example, alkylated salicylic acid derivatives or benzoic acid, especially with boron or aluminum, in the required amounts, typically less than 5 wt .%.
- charge controlling additives such as metal-containing azo dyes, or copper phthalocyanine dyes, or metal complexes of, for example, alkylated salicylic acid derivatives or benzoic acid, especially with boron or aluminum, in the required amounts, typically less than 5 wt .%.
- magnetic powders may be added, such as powders which can be magnetized in a magnetic field, such as ferromagnetic substances such as iron, cobalt, nickel,
- Alloys or compounds such as magnetite, hermatite or ferrite.
- developers may also be added, such as iron powder, glass powder, nickel powder, ferrite powder.
- Metal oxides according to the invention in contents, based on a solid resin as a binder with 20 micron average particle diameter, greater than 0.01 wt.%, Preferably greater than 0.1 wt.%.
- the mean particle diameter of the binder decreases, i.a. higher levels of metal oxide required, with the necessary amount of metal oxide increases inversely proportional to the particle diameter of the binder.
- the content of metal oxide is preferably less than 5% by weight based on binder resin in each case.
- inorganic additives such as finely divided and coarse Siliiciumdioxide, including those with 100 to 1000 nm average diameter, aluminum oxides, such as pyrogenic aluminas, titanium dioxides, such as pyrogenic or Anastas or rutile, zirconium oxides.
- Waxes such as paraffinic waxes having 10-500 C atoms, silicone waxes, olefinic waxes, waxes with an iodine value ⁇ 50, preferably ⁇ 25, and a saponification number of 10-1000, preferably 25-300.
- the toner can be used in various development processes such as electrophotographic imaging and reproduction, such as magnetic brush methods, cascade methods, use of conductive and non-conductive magnetic systems, powder cloud method, imprint development, and others.
- hydrophilic silica with a moisture content ⁇ 1% and an HCl content of ⁇ 100 ppm and with a specific surface area of
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- the analytical data are listed in Table 1.
- Example 3 At a temperature of 25 0 C under an inert gas N2 are added to 100 g of hydrophilic silica with a moisture content ⁇ 1% and an HCl content of ⁇ 100 ppm and with a specific surface area of
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- the analytical data are listed in Table 1.
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- the analytical data are listed in Table 1.
- the thus loaded silicic acid is reacted at a residence time of 1 hour at a temperature of 100 0 C and further fluidized by stirring, and then cleaned in a dryer at 120 ° C and 1 hour residence time.
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- the analytical data are listed in Table 1.
- Example 6 At a temperature of 25 0 C under an inert gas N2 are added to 100 g of hydrophilic silica with a moisture content ⁇ 1% and an HCl content of ⁇ 100 ppm and with a specific surface area of
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- hydrophilic silica with a moisture content ⁇ 1% and an HCl content of ⁇ 100 ppm and with a specific surface area of
- a hydrophobic white silica acid powder with homogeneous silylating agent layer is obtained.
- a silica-free magnetic 1-component dry toner, type negative charging, "crushed type", based copolymer styrene / methacrylate, with a mean particle size of 14 microns are 0.4 g in a tumble mixer (eg Turbular) for 1 hour at RT
- a tumble mixer eg Turbular
- the charge (charge per mass) of the finished siliceous acid is contained Toners and the flow behavior (mass flow) of the finished KIESELSURE-containing toner to the developing roller in a "q / m mono" electrometer / flow tester (EPPING GmbH, D-85375 Neufahrn) determined.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007543743A JP2008521980A (ja) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-24 | 広範囲のpHで永久的な正の表面電荷を有する金属酸化物 |
| US11/720,551 US20080194855A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-24 | Metal Oxides Having A Permanent Positive Surface Charge Over A Wide Ph Range |
| EP05809196A EP1834215A1 (de) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-24 | Metalloxide mit einer in einem weiten ph-bereich permanenten positiven oberflächenladung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004057997.0 | 2004-12-01 | ||
| DE102004057997A DE102004057997A1 (de) | 2004-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Metalloxide mit einer in einem weiten pH-Bereich permanenten positiven Oberflächenladung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006058657A1 true WO2006058657A1 (de) | 2006-06-08 |
Family
ID=35522731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2005/012587 Ceased WO2006058657A1 (de) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-11-24 | Metalloxide mit einer in einem weiten ph-bereich permanenten positiven oberflächenladung |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080194855A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1834215A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2008521980A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20070092251A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101069133A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004057997A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006058657A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10508219B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2019-12-17 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Polishing composition and method utilizing abrasive particles treated with an aminosilane |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080069887A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for nanoparticle surface modification |
| DE102007021002A1 (de) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-06 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Dispergierbare Nanopartikel |
| US20090165270A1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-02 | Jeff Van Le | Textile model insignia |
| CN101971322A (zh) * | 2008-01-30 | 2011-02-09 | 东京毅力科创株式会社 | 非晶碳氢膜的后处理方法以及使用了该方法的电子器件的制造方法 |
| JP4894876B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-03-14 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
| DE102009002499A1 (de) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-21 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Dispersion enthaltend mit quartären, aminofunktionellen siliciumorganischen Verbindungen oberflächenmodifizierte Siliciumdioxidpartikel |
| DE102010031184A1 (de) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Siliciumdioxidpartikel und Kationisierungsmittel aufweisenden Dispersion |
| JP5730046B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー粒子の製造方法 |
| WO2012138365A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Amine-accelerated process for the surface treatment of colloidal silica and products thereof |
| DE102018009153B4 (de) | 2017-11-22 | 2021-07-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Beschichtungsverfahren |
| JP6962296B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-11-05 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 正帯電型疎水性球状シリカ粒子、その製造方法及びそれを用いた正帯電トナー組成物 |
| KR102451333B1 (ko) | 2018-10-22 | 2022-10-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 마이크로비드 및 그 제조방법 |
| WO2020085757A1 (ko) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 마이크로비드 및 그 제조방법 |
| US20220356065A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-11-10 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings, Inc. | Surface modified silanized colloidal silica particles |
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| DE3330380A1 (de) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-02-23 | Canon K.K., Tokyo | Entwickler und entwicklungsverfahren |
| DE3707226A1 (de) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-15 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochdispersem metalloxid mit ammoniumfunktionellem organopolysiloxan modifizierter oberflaeche als positiv steuerndes ladungsmittel fuer toner |
| DE3928948A1 (de) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-03-01 | Canon Kk | Entwickler fuer die entwicklung von elektrostatischen ladungsbildern |
| EP0863444A1 (de) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-09 | Cabot Corporation | Ladungsmodifizierte Metalloxyde und elektrostatographische Systeme worin diese eingesetzt werden |
| DE19929845A1 (de) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-11 | Degussa | Oberflächenmodifiziertes Titandioxid |
| DE10145162A1 (de) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-04-10 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Kieselsäure mit geringem Gehalt an Kieselsäure-Silanolgruppen |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5021317A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1991-06-04 | Konica Corporation | Electrostatic latent image developer with toner particles surface treated with a polysiloxane having ammonium salt functional groups |
| US5202213A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1993-04-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developer with surface treated silicic acid for developing electrostatic image |
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2004
- 2004-12-01 DE DE102004057997A patent/DE102004057997A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-11-24 CN CNA200580041386XA patent/CN101069133A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-24 KR KR1020077015107A patent/KR20070092251A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-24 WO PCT/EP2005/012587 patent/WO2006058657A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-24 JP JP2007543743A patent/JP2008521980A/ja active Pending
- 2005-11-24 EP EP05809196A patent/EP1834215A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-24 US US11/720,551 patent/US20080194855A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3330380A1 (de) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-02-23 | Canon K.K., Tokyo | Entwickler und entwicklungsverfahren |
| DE3707226A1 (de) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-15 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochdispersem metalloxid mit ammoniumfunktionellem organopolysiloxan modifizierter oberflaeche als positiv steuerndes ladungsmittel fuer toner |
| DE3928948A1 (de) * | 1988-08-31 | 1990-03-01 | Canon Kk | Entwickler fuer die entwicklung von elektrostatischen ladungsbildern |
| EP0863444A1 (de) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-09 | Cabot Corporation | Ladungsmodifizierte Metalloxyde und elektrostatographische Systeme worin diese eingesetzt werden |
| DE19929845A1 (de) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-11 | Degussa | Oberflächenmodifiziertes Titandioxid |
| DE10145162A1 (de) * | 2001-09-13 | 2003-04-10 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Kieselsäure mit geringem Gehalt an Kieselsäure-Silanolgruppen |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10508219B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2019-12-17 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Polishing composition and method utilizing abrasive particles treated with an aminosilane |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101069133A (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
| DE102004057997A1 (de) | 2006-06-08 |
| JP2008521980A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
| EP1834215A1 (de) | 2007-09-19 |
| KR20070092251A (ko) | 2007-09-12 |
| US20080194855A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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