WO2006056977A2

WO2006056977A2 - A communications system and method

Info

Publication number: WO2006056977A2
Application number: PCT/IL2005/001239
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shalom Nakdimon
Original assignee: Shalom Nakdimon
Priority date: 2004-11-23
Filing date: 2005-11-22
Publication date: 2006-06-01
Also published as: WO2006056977A3; IL165351A0

Abstract

An adapter connectable to power outlet [103], for use with a power line communication system [105a], having electronic filter means and dedicated connectors for supporting the different kinds of services and having mechanical means for connecting the adapter to the power outlet [103].

Description

A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM AND METHOD

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to data communications using the infrastructure in new buildings, and more particularly for transmitting data using the electrical power infrastructure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent years, the need for a communications infrastructure in buildings is growing, especially for the purposes of sharing peripheral equipment of computers, sharing information such as: documents, still pictures and moving pictures, playing games, accessing the internet and using other applications. Thus, communication networks are required not only at offices but also at residential buildings/households.

Solutions for using power lines for communication are being developed by several firms around the world, such as: Phonex, Itran, Intellon and others. Many products were developed for the abovementioned technology and standards were defined as well.

An example for such a standard is HomePlug 1.0. This standard is only one of several standards published by The HomePlug industry Alliance. HomePlug is an industry

Alliance comprised of industry leaders at each level of the value chain - from Technology to Services & Content. The Alliance members bring necessary capabilities and a financial commitment to the successful launch of the technology.

The HomePlug alliance contributes, for example, in the following aspects:

Service and Content - New services, content to pull demand for network devices, requirements for network to support services, usage models, provisioning, customer care.

Retail - Channels for sales & support of networked devices, installation and support services, consumer education.

Hardware - Connected devices to enable new classes of services via the internet or by other networks - PC, CE, and Networking.

Software - Software services and applications to simplify setup and use of the network.

Silicon - Cost effective silicon with a variety of feature sets to support a broad variety of products. Technology - Enabling technology that meets requirements for performance, cost, and is scalable to future generations.

The Alliance's mission is to enable and promote rapid availability, adoption and implementation of cost effective, interoperable and standards-based home power line networks and products.

Power line transmission is one of several ways for delivering communications to subscriber premises and is therefore offering an alternative for existing copper wires and other communications means such as optical fiber/coaxial cable delivery and fixed radio access techniques.

Therefore, there is a desire to provide a system that is capable of delivering an acceptable quality of service at a cost that is attractive to a subscriber.

One of the aspects of a power line transmission system that is particularly sensitive to cost is the customer premises equipment (CPE). The customer premises equipment must be capable of delivering an acceptable quality of service and interfacing to equipment in a subscriber's premises.

The power line communication (PLC) for construction networking field can be divided to two main approaches. The first approach will be referred as the existing construction approach. The second approach will be referred as the new construction approach.

In the existing construction approach, the planners do not change the topology of the house.

According to this approach, the main goal is to create minimum changes in the existing construction in order to allow the customer to upgrade the infrastructures on his own, without having to use specialists, breaking walls and obstructing the lives of the people who live in the house. This approach refers to many products that supply home networking, some examples for products that supply home networking based on power lines include: phone lines, cable networks, coax lines and more.

Some problems regarding technologies which use PLC will now be described.

Implementing one application (i.e. telephone over power line, home networking over power lines) on a power line communication product is not cost effective for new constructions. Rather, installing new wires can be cheaper.

Products for existing constructions refer to the construction topology as a given fact, a problem to be dealt with. Several solutions for this technological problem were invented, and offer different ways for transferring information from source to destination, using different systems of home networking for existing constructions.

One technological difficulty is caused because it is not possible to estimate the attenuation of data signals, which requires knowing the number of branches data will split to. This may cause a problem because the attenuation makes it harder to receive the signal properly. Thus it is harder to identify the information and more sophisticated means of identification are necessary. More sophisticated identification means might slow the communication, and the protocol is more complicated. Widening the bandwidth in order to allow a faster communication, brings along more problems. In light of the above, the growing paste of transferring information on existing infrastructure is relatively slow. It is impossible to know when products will be connected to the existing infrastructure, how many, and what will be their effect on the home network, as a result of their structure. For example, when basing a home network on a power line infrastructure, there is no way of knowing how many appliances, such as a refrigerator, oven, vacuum cleaner, washing machine etc. will be connected to the electricity at the same time, how their power supply will effect the power lines, when they will be turned on, and more unknown problems.

A possible source for problems is the fact that various types of electrical equipment are connected to an indoor power line that is to serve as the communication channel in power line communication.

More specifically, the equipment connected to the indoor power line can generate electrical noise over signals or lower impedance of the power line, which can result in an increase in bit error rate of data and to cause communication failures in the power line communication.

It should also be noted that not every indoor power line is installed in an environment suitable for communication, because indoor power lines are not initially intended for use as communication channels. For example, impedance of indoor power lines varies due to the electrical equipment connected to the indoor power line, as mentioned above. Depending on the value of impedance of the indoor power line, signals may be reflected at connection points between the equipment for performing power line communication and the indoor power line, which results in signal deterioration.

In situations where electrical equipment is not connected to an electronic socket, the electronic socket behaves as an open termination, meaning that electronic signals are reaching the electronic socket are reflected back to the power lines and cause signal deterioration.

The physical range of line carrier communications systems is usually limited to the confines of the secondary of the power line transformer and is subject to severe noise and attenuation variances depending upon carrier frequencies and load conditions.

Although it is possible to depress some noise and attenuation problems by increasing transmitter power levels or increasing receiver sensitivity, the potential for interferences from neighbors with similar systems is increased, which aggravates the problems of privacy and security prior art line carrier systems exhibit.

Another problem of using power lines as a communications medium is that they are more vulnerable to noises and interferences. A first type of noise is due to cables picking up radio signals such as broadcast AM radio signals and amateur radio band transmissions.

Overhead cables are particularly prone to this type of noise. A second type of electrical noise is due to electrical equipment coupled to the power lines. Electric motors, thermostats and gas discharge lighting are particularly prone to generating noise.

Noise may propagate along the power lines to combine with communications signals. The level of the noise can be strong enough, and may persist for prolonged time periods, thus it being prone to corrupt communications signals.

During construction, wiring may be provided for AC power, telephone, intercom, home networking, surround systems and television at various locations throughout the construction. While it is comparatively easy to plan such outlets during the construction each outlet adds to the cost of the construction. While constructions often include AC power outlets in a sufficient number of locations, it is necessary that all other infrastructures mentioned before will be near the power outlets.

Therefore, it is being summoned to use the power lines as signal transmission channels to all infrastructures. It is known to transport telecommunications signals over an electricity distribution or power transmission network.

Delivering telecommunications services in this manner is attractive as it avoids the need to install new cabling to each subscriber. By using existing electricity distribution cabling to carry telecommunications signals, significant cost savings are possible. International

Patent Application WO94/09572 shows an electricity distribution network that carries telecommunications signals. The second approach is the new construction approach. According to this approach, the customer adds new infrastructure, which is the network infrastructure, in this manner the customer creates the network. The motive to this type of networks construction is the simplicity to match the constructions planner's habits- these are used to see infrastructure as a wire that goes through the pipes line, which is inside the walls, so the obvious way for them is to add more lines in the wall. This is the main reason for the use of wires for infrastructures.

This creates a situation in which the companies that develop products in the home networking area do not integrate their solutions while building a new house, because they were developed for existing constrictions. The reason for not using home networking solutions that are meant for existing houses in new ones is not trivial. The reason is to avoid creating home networking, because combining infrastructure method is used instead.

Combining the infrastructure is basically using one physical infrastructure (i.e. cable or any other means of transferring information) for several applications.

These applications may include telephony services, intercom services, cable services and more. The combined infrastructure has many advantages, which are based upon the mechanical and electrical features of this new approach.

Examples of prior art patents:

3,949,172 4/1976 Brown 179/2.5 R

4,701,945 10/1987 Pedigo 379/66

5,530,737 6/1996 Bartholomew 379/62

5,705,974 1/1998 Patei. 340/310.08

5,708,701 1/1998 Houvig 379/173

5,745,552 4/1998 Chambers 379/61

5,903,594 5/1999 Saulnier 375/200

5,937,342 8/1999 Kline 455/402

6,590,493 Bl 8/2003 Rasimas 340/310.01

6,629,147 Bl 9/2003 Grow 709/236 6,704,414 B2 3/2004 Murakoshi 379/400

4,941,143 7/1990 Twitty 370/85.2 . WO94-09572 4/1994 Brown Patent No. 3,949,172 deals with an extension telephone system, for communication with a conventional telephone line subscriber where the subscriber's line telephone is connected by available AC power wires which carry signals that may be modulations of RF carrier frequencies and which are coupled to the power wires. Incoming telephone line signals are detected and modulate a first RF carrier frequency which is coupled to the AC power wires at the line telephone location, these signals are coupled from the AC power wires at an extension telephone location, and, demodulated and fed to an extension telephone which is energized by DC power derived from the AC power wires at the extension location.

The extension telephone produces extension telephone signals, which modulate a second RF carrier frequency, which is coupled to the AC power wires at. the extension location. This modulated carrier is coupled from the AC power wires and demodulated at the line telephone to produce the extension telephone signals in suitable form for applying to the telephone line. Thus, telephone calls to the subscriber's line telephone can be received by the extension telephone and calls to the telephone extension telephones can be connected to this system wherever there is access to the same AC power wires. The patent does not deal with changing the topology of the power lines in order to ensure performance of power line communication. The patent does not deal with the problem of physical dimensions of the power outlet in order to use the telephone extension as outlet. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call.

Patent No. 4,701,945 deals with a carrier current telephone system, which is provided for buildings. Transceivers are located where desired. The transmitter portion includes means for establishing a carrier signal and applying the same to the AC circuits in the building. Further means are provided for generating a subcarrier signal, which is encoded on the carrier signal by frequency modulation of the carrier. Further means are provided for encoding the audio or data signal upon the subcarrier signal by frequency modulation of the subcarrier.

Unique phase lock loop FM demodulators are used. Each comprises one CMOS 4070B exclusive-OR gate package, five resistors, one potentiometer, and three capacitors, with one of the exclusive- OR gates performing the phase detector function. The patent does not deal with changing the topology of the power lines in order to ensure performance of power line communication. The patent does not deal with the problem of physical dimensions of the power outlet in order to use the telephone extension as outlet. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call.

Patent No. 4,941,143 deals with a network for sensing, communicating and controlling having a plurality of cells, which communicate with packets.

A packet requesting acknowledgements is transmitted to a plurality of destination cells. The transmitting receives acknowledgements from the destination cells. The transmitting cell waits a predetermined period of time to receive the acknowledgements and then infers that a collision has occurred if a reply is not received from any of the destination cells.

Different actions are taken by the transmitting cells, as a result of the inference of collision, as opposed to a case where the cell receives an acknowledgement from at least one destination cell. The patent does not deal with changing the topology of the power lines in order to control performance of power line communication. The patent does not deal with the problem of physical dimensions of the power outlet in order to implement the electrical circuit in the power outlet.

Patent No. 5,530,737 deals with a method and a system for conducting secure power line carrier communications in full duplex over the power lines of a building. Power line carrier current telephone extension systems utilize 1) a single BASE unit per central office line (for interfacing line carrier signals with the central office line) and 2) one or more EXTENSION units, one for each extension phone set (for interfacing said line carrier signals with said extension phone sets).

The method employs system control logic for providing A) multiple extension arbitration logic, B) privacy from eavesdropping and C) security from third party central office line capture by means of a digital messaging system in each base, and extension unit utilizing a unique and matching security key (preamble) with each message instructing the system to change operating states, such as, A) during a conversation an extension unit may be put on hold so that a second matching extension can pick up the line, B) a base unit rings matching extension units to signal an incoming call or C) an outgoing call is initiated by a user taking a matching extension phone off hook to access the central office line. Matching of the random security codes may be initiated by the user. By this means, unauthorized access to the central office line (especially for long distance calls) and eavesdropping by other users in the same building with similar line carrier telephone extension products is prohibited. The patent does not deal with changing the topology of the power lines in order ensure performance of power line communication. The patent does not deal with the problem of physical dimensions of the power outlet in order to use the telephone extension as outlet. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call.

Patent No. 5,705,974 deals with a coupling circuit for a power line communications system for coupling information signals from a transmitter unit to a power line and for coupling information signals from the power line to a receiver unit. The coupling circuit includes: (a) a ferrite core coupler for isolating the transmitter unit or the receiver unit from a power line and for coupling information signals from the transmitter unit to the power line and from the power line to the receiver unit, (b) a bandpass filter for selectively passing information signals from the transmitter unit to the power line and from the power line to the receiver unit, and (c) an impedance matching pad for matching the impedance of the transmitter unit to the impedance at an outlet connected to the power line and to which the transmitter unit is connected and the receiver unit to the impedance at an outlet connected to the power line and to which the receiver unit is connected. The patent does not deal with changing the topology of the power lines in order to control performance of power line communication. The patent does not deal with the problem of physical dimensions of the power outlet in order to use the telephone extension as outlet. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call.

Patent number 5,708,701 deals with a power line telephone communications system having an ON HOOK digital voiceband messaging feature by which selected information contained in an incoming call to a telephone is received prior to the telephone being lifted off its hook. The incoming ring signals, ON HOOK digital voiceband messaging and information signals are conducted by a base unit to the power line for transmission to an extension unit to which a telephone is connected.

The patent details the interfaces needed when implementing such a system. The patent does not deal with the protocol in between the base unit and the extension. Furthermore, the patent does not deal with the signal quality and bit error rate on the power line. Therefore the data of telephone service will reach its destination with limited quality. The patent does not deal with construction. The present invention deals with construction and does not approach the system as an extension.

The telephone system is based power lines. The patent does not deal with applications related to serially connected devices such as emergency call. The present invention deals with the quality of service in transferring data in telephone system. The implementation of such a system is a subject to those skilled in the art.

Patent No. 5,745,552 deals with a line communication system for linking a plurality of telephone subscribers to a public telephone exchange, wherein the subscribers are each located within the same general area, and wherein each subscriber is fed from the same mains. Electricity sub-station with electricity mains is provided. The line communication system provides the subscriber an apparatus which includes a cordless telephone (CT) handset and a frequency converter for each subscriber.

The handset is hard-wired to the electricity mains supply conductors via the frequency converter so that CT signals at UHF are down-converted to HF for transmission through the mains electricity conductors. A CT base station is connected to the public telephone exchange. The CT base station is connected to the mains electricity supply conductors via a frequency converter for HF line communication purposes.

A control matrix is provided in operative association with the base station, which serves to associate an address (corresponding to a telephone number) for each subscriber as recognized by the public telephone exchange with corresponding channels assigned by the CT protocol to each subscriber. Thus, the public telephone exchange and the subscribers are placed in a mutual two-way communication where the calls are correctly routed and billed.

The patent deals with a method of connecting a telephone subscriber, for example, to telephone services based HF communication over power lines but does not deal with the quality of the telephone services based HF communication over power lines. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call. The present invention will optimize the telephone services so the subscriber could use the telephone without any interference and will not notice whether the service is based on power lines or on regular telephone lines, this is due to the fact that all noises are attenuated and the data signal is repeated by the implementation of the present invention. Patent No. 5,903,594 suggests a spread spectrum protocol in a power line communication (PLC) system using Harmonic Modulation (HM) as true spread spectrum modulation made up of a plurality of modulated tones spaced in frequency with equal distances between adjacent tones. The protocol has several modes, for example, "Rate Adapting"— allocating a mix of number of HM channels to the outbound/inbound ratio according to message traffic control requirements and power line distribution topology. The Harmonic Modulation has several modes. In the special mode detailed here the protocol learns the topology.

The spread spectrum system learns the topology. It is affected by learning the impedance changes resulting of connecting or disconnecting electrical appliances. The present invention changes the bus topology of the power distribution network to a point to point topology; therefore it isolates every power line for the data aspect. When the lines are isolated connection or disconnection of electrical appliances does not influence data at all or influence is negligible.

Patent No. 5,937,342 suggests a system and a method to connect standard telephone subscriber equipment (telephone, facsimile, personal computer) to a fixed wireless terminal via power lines. The system comprises fixed wireless terminals connected to a power line interface device. Subscriber equipment is connected to the power line interface device thereby allowing telecommunication signals to be transmitted to the fixed wireless terminal for subsequent wireless transmission. The fixed wireless terminal exists at an individual subscriber's home/business within a given step-down power transformer cluster.

The step-down power transformer provides signal isolation so that the same or similar addresses can be used between clusters without confusion as to the identity of the individual subscriber. The fixed wireless terminal is also connected to the power meter at a subscriber location such that power utilization can be communicated to the power company in a wireless fashion. The patent deals with a method of connecting a neighborhood, for example, to telephone services based power lines but does not deal with the quality of the telephone services based power lines. The present invention will ensure the telephone services to be optimal so the patent could be used to connect the telephone subscribers to the telephone company in wireless fashion. Patent No. 6,629,147 deals with a system and method of transmitting data frames between a plurality of input ports to a plurality of output ports.

The input ports segment portions of the received data frames provide smaller data cells which are individually transmitted to an output port associated with a destination of the segmented data frame. Based upon information provided in the data cells received at the output port, the output port determines the ordinal positions of the received data cells within the segmented data frame and reassembles the data frame which was segmented at the input port. The output port then forwards the reassembled frame toward the associated destination. The present invention deals with quality of service signals such as telephone service, intercom or video; transferring such services in short packets as suggest the patent above is not necessary as the number of port in every network is finite and low relatively to Ethernet networks.

Patent No. 6,590,493 suggests Isolating signaling environments in a power line communication system which is involving the use of a filter to block power line data signals from entering and/or leaving a signaling environment while allowing power signals to pass to or from the signaling environment. The filter may be coupled between power side wires and outlet side wires. The filter may be integral to a circuit breaker for installation in a fuse box or other wiring system.

The patent relates to signaling environments for several reasons. It does not change the wires topology for purposes of repeating data signals and therefore it cannot block the data frequencies in the middle of signaling environment. The patent does not suggest a way to avoid the data signal attenuation. The patent suggests blocking the data signal but does not repeat it. The patent does not suggest a method for implementing the filter between the power lines and the outlet. While the fuse box is more likely a large closet, the outlet is a tiny place while such a filter is relatively in large dimensions. The present invention suggests, among others, repeating the data signal and therefore using a filter not only to block noises of power appliances but also to isolate between segments for the data repeater. The present invention relates to a data repeater connected serially and therefore avoids attenuation of the data signal.

The present invention suggests a method for implementing the filter, as the surface between the outlet and the wall is tiny it becomes a challenge to merge all electrical components in. The present invention suggests the new concept of changing the outlet case during construction procedure for the use of smart electrical systems as shown in the present invention.

Patent No. 6,704,414 deals with a system comprising a base unit and a remote unit for transmitting telephonic data on AC power lines. The base unit includes a transmitter section, a receiver section, a power line interface, a telephone line interface, a power supply, and a first micro-controller. The telephone line interface is coupled to a telephone line to apply the telephonic data signals to and receive signals from the telephone line. The telephone line interface has a ring detector, a muting circuit, and a hook switch. The transmitter is coupled to the telephone line interface and the power line interface. The transmitter has a modulator, an oscillator, an amplifier, and a filter. The receiver is coupled the telephone interface and the power line interface. The receiver has a filter, an amplifier, and a detector. The remote unit includes a transmitter section, a receiver section, a power line interface, a telephone interface, a power supply, and a second micro¬ controller. The telephone interface is coupled to a piece of telephone equipment to transmit the telephonic data signals to and receive signals from said telephone equipment. The telephone interface has a ring generator, a muting circuit, a tone generator, and an off-hook detector. The transmitter is coupled to the telephone interface and the power line interface. The transmitter has a modulator, an oscillator, an amplifier, and a filter. The receiver is coupled the telephone interface and the power line interface. The receiver has a filter, an amplifier, and a detector. The power supply provides at least one power output capable of powering a ringer circuit in the telephone equipment.

The patent deals with delivering telephone services over power lines by another protocol; therefore there is a need to transfer signaling too. The patent details the interfaces needed when implementing such a system. The patent doesn't deal with the protocol in between the base unit and the extension. Furthermore, the patent does not deal with the signal quality and bit error rate on the power line. The patent does not deal with construction. The present invention deals, among others, with construction and does not approach the system as an extension. The telephone system is based power lines. The present invention deals with the telephone system as quality of service data and implementation of such system is subjected to the skilled in the art. Such telephone systems were used already before the patent was issued for telephone product used, for example, El for transferring telephone signals. The patent does not deal with application related to serially connected devices such as emergency call.

Patent No. WO 94/09572 deals with a filter aid to block signals other than the power signal. The patent defines the corner frequency and suggests to use an LC filter. The patent does not deal with the dimensions of the filter though such a filter is quite large for power outlet.

The present invention deals with the problem of filters dimensions by changing the considerations of the customer. Till the present invention the customer was mainly the owner of the existing construction; now the customer is mainly the constructor and therefore the power outlet can be planned in the right dimensions. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention offers solutions to the problems presented in constructions at constructing stage. The use of power line communication for home networking and all other infrastructures is cost effective; power line communication technology is viewed as promising and being developed. The power line communication technology utilizes a power line as a signal transmission channel.

This technology makes it possible to perform communication between a plurality of communication devices by connecting each of those devices to a receptacle installed in each room in a construction.

Changing the topology during construction as suggested by the present invention, reaches new reliability standards for power line communication systems.

The present invention suggests a unique power line communication system, which may include:

Changing the power distribution network from bus topology to point to point topology.

The change presented above is critical to all infrastructures implemented on the power line communication system, which require high reliability.

The system suggested in the present invention will focus on the infrastructure. Certain features can be implemented over such a system (for example emergency call for telephone service), by serially connecting the devices presented here to the power distribution network.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, power lines infrastructure is used to support data based services, such as: phone, intercom, television etc.

These peripherals use QOS channels over power lines communication system.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the system and/or method are used only in a new construction and only during constructing.

The present invention may comprise changing power lines topology hence creating a stable QOS power line communication system.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an Ethernet switch is included in order to implement the QOS channels and to control the data rates of power line communication system. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a power line branching apparatus is provided for branching an indoor power line to provide QOS and regular data communication channels to devices that perform communication by using the indoor power line, and to provide power supply channels to equipment that requires electric power, the apparatus is disabling open terminations, this is crucial for data communication over power lines since open terminations may cause signals reflect, causing signal deterioration. The apparatus is making it possible to avoid communication failures attributable to the equipment connected to the indoor power line, to improve the state of the indoor power line and to make it suitable for communication. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, power line data signals, which are carried over common wiring with power signal, are segmented and repeated while allowing the power signals to continue on the common wiring. The power line data signals are typically at a higher frequency than the power signals, and therefore the power line data signals are typically blocked by installing at least one filter (such as a low-pass filter, bandpass filter, or notch filter) on the common wiring.

Two filters, which can optionally be differential, block the higher frequency power line data signals while allowing the lower frequency power signals to advance on common wiring lines. Noises, which are generated by equipment that is connected to the indoor power line, are blocked. Within a signaling environment, at least one filter is typically installed between the electrical appliance and the power distribution network, and more typically between a split junction and the number of outlets.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a power line communication system is provided, allowing to perform several QOS and regular communication services, between a plurality of communication devices in a very high data rate, by using an indoor power distribution network. This is done in order to avoid communication failures attributable to equipment connected to the indoor power line, and to improve the state of the indoor power line to make it suitable for communication.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a filter for blocking power line data signals while allowing power signals to pass, includes power side connectors for coupling the filter to power distribution network, outlet side connectors for coupling the filter to outlet wires, and filtering logic which is electrically coupled between the power side connectors and the outlet side connectors, and is responsible for blocking power line data signals, while allowing power signals to pass through - from the power side connectors to the outlet side connectors. The filtering logic may be coupled so as to block power line data signals, received over the power side connectors, from passing through to the outlet side connectors, and/or in order to block power line data signals received over the outlet side connectors from passing through to the power side connectors, while allowing power signals to pass through from the power side connectors to the outlet side connectors. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, power line data signals originating outside the signaling environment are blocked from entering the signaling environment, and power line data signals originating inside the signaling environment are blocked from leaving the signaling environment. This may be accomplished, for example, by installing two filters capable of blocking both incoming and outgoing power line data signals, or by installing separate ingress and egress filters for blockingthe incoming and outgoing power line data signals, respectively.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a receiving apparatus and a transmitting/receiving apparatus provide improvements in the system, which is capable of realizing exact transmission and reception of information signals with stability and certainty. This is done by decreasing the noises over the lines, generated by the electrical equipment connected to the power lines.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a data switch for power line communication and a LPF (low pass filter) are combined in a form that creates a point to point network within a fuse box. The data switch for power line communication and the LPF are typically coupled between the power distribution network branches and the power meter.

While noise and attenuation problems may be sufficiently reduced by increasing transmitter power levels or increasing receiver sensitivity, other problems arise, such as increasing the potential for interferences from neighbors with similar systems, which aggravates the problems of privacy and security prior art line carrier systems exhibit. Therefore another reason for using this novel technology is to implement a system that decreases the noises over the power lines. Such a solution for existing constructions has never been done. This invention therefore offers a solution for reducing the noise for new buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. IA shows an example of a simplified wiring plan for AC power to multiple signaling environments (Prior art).

FIG. 1 B shows an example of a simplified wiring plan with cascaded appliances for AC power to multiple signaling environments; prior art

FIG. 1C shows an example of a simplified wiring plan with a loop for AC power to multiple signaling environments (Prior art).

FIG. 2A shows the frequency distribution of all signals within a signaling environment, without noise (Prior art).

FIG. 2B shows the frequency distribution of power signal within a signaling environment

(Prior art).

FIG. 2C shows the frequency distribution of transmitted data within a signaling environment (Prior art).

FIG. 3 shows an example of simplified wiring plan for isolating a signaling environment in one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a data switch for PLC and star LPF for segmenting power lines junctions in an AC power to multiple signaling environments.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic drawing for the data Switch for PLC for isolating a signaling environment.

FIG. 6 shows an internal diagram of the outlet.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the mechanical parts of a power outlet.

FIG. 8 shows a side view of an adapter.

FIG. 9 shows an implementation of a system, which is connecting directly by power lines to power outlets.

FIG. 10 shows an implementation of a system, which is connecting by additional systems and power lines to power outlets.

FIG. 11 shows an implementation of a system, in which units are connected at power outlets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

The present invention includes changes to the bus topology of the power distribution network to a point to point topology; therefore, it isolates every power line with respect to the data. When the lines are isolated, connection or disconnection of electrical appliances does not influence data at all or influence is negligible.

The present invention strives to improve the quality of telephone services, to allow its use to connect the telephone subscribers to the telephone company by wireless.

The present invention improves the quality of service of signals such as for telephone service, intercom or video; the invention is not limited to transferring such services in short packets only.

The present invention suggests repeating the data signal and therefore using a filter, not only to block noises of power appliances, but also to isolate between segments for the data repeater. The present invention relates to a data repeater connected serially and therefore resulting in a reduced attenuation of the data signal. The present invention suggests a method for implementing the filter, as the surface between the outlet and the wall.

Because the space is small, it becomes a challenge to merge all electrical components within. The present invention suggests the new concept of changing the outlet case during construction procedure for the use of smart electrical systems as shown in the present invention.

The present invention uses a building-wide systems approach rather than approaching the system as an extension. The telephone system is based on power lines. The present invention deals with the telephone system as a service requiring data quality, and implementation of such system is subjected to the skilled in the art.

The present invention deals with the problem of filters' dimensions by changing the considerations of the customer. In prior art, the customer was mainly the owner of the existing construction; now the customer can influence the constructing, therefore the power outlet can be planned in the right dimensions.

Figs. IA - 1C show general block diagrams of power distribution networks infrastructures

105a, 105b, 105c. Mains electricity enters through line 13, via a power meter into a 24Ov network or 415v three phases network 105. The power signal is supplied to a number of locations, such as outlet 103. Each of these outlets may receive a single phase of electricity or alternatively may receive a three phases power supply. The electrical appliance 106 is connected to the power outlet.

Fig. IA shows several parts of a prior art power supply network 105a. This network's topology is especially designed to properly supply power to parallel outlets 103. In accordance with the embodiment of this invention, topology is important to PLC switch and for filters installation. In most inventions of power line communication systems the topology is left as it is and the protocol is conformed to a bus. Figure IA relates to an existing topology, which may be upgraded in accordance with this invention. In this topology the internal power line infrastructure is connected in parallel the different power outlets.

Fig. IB shows several parts of a prior art power supply network 105b. This network's topology is especially designed to properly supply power to cascaded outlets 103. This special topology could be established by an electrical splitter or by constructing one or more power extensions. There may be other considerations for constructing such a topology. In accordance with some embodiments of this invention, the topology is important to the power line communication appliances installation. In prior art relating to power line communication systems, the topology is left as is, hence the protocol should adjust various topologies to a practical communication bus. Though the invention relates mainly to constructing of new constructions, it can be implemented also for existing constructions. Figure IB relates to a possible existing topology, thus the topology can be upgraded in accordance with this invention, and include serially connected outlets as well.

Fig. 1C shows several parts of a prior art power supply network 105c. This network's topology is especially designed to properly supply power to outlets 103 and may include one or more looped power lines 104. This special topology could be established for a secured power connection, such as in cases where the power line is torn, the power signal low frequency high voltage can reach the outlets through the looped line 104. There may be other considerations for constructing such a topology. In accordance with the embodiment of this invention, topology is important to the power line communication appliances installation.

In prior art relating to power line communication systems, the topology is left as is, hence the protocol should adjust various topologies to a practical communication bus. Though the invention relates mainly to constructing of new constructions, it can be implemented also for existing constructions. Fig. 1C relates to a possible existing topology, thus the topology can be upgraded in accordance with this invention, and may include outlets which are connected by one or more loops as well.

Figs. 2A - 2C in the present invention show 3 charts of voltage amplifications as a function of signal's frequency spectrum at the x-axis. The charts symbol several different points through the distribution line. The charts are made of two parameters, the frequency 304 at the x-axis and the amplitude 305 at the y-axis. The chart is not linear and not necessarily in real scale. The different frequency spaces between data signal and power signal may be smaller or larger, the 2 line signs 302, emphasize the frequency spaces are not linear. Figs. 2A - 2C show the frequencies in various points of the system, such as with regards to different locations at Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 A shows signals at two frequency ranges 301 and 303, this may be seen when testing signals on the power distribution, such as at point 201b in Fig. 4. Fig. 2B shows possible signals appearance - at low frequencies there is a high voltage supply signal 301 around 50 Hz. In this chart only the power distribution signal of around 50 Hz is shown, this signal may appear at point 202 in Fig. 4.

Fig. 2C shows a possible power line data communication signal 303. This chart symbols a point on the power distribution, where there is only a higher frequency signal, this signal may appear at point 204 in Fig. 4.

Filters need not be chosen from the examples shown. An ideal low-pass filter with a transfer function H(f), such as the rectangular transfer function 307 of FIG. 2A, can be used in order to allow signals at frequencies lower than its corner frequency 306 to pass through, but signals at frequencies higher than its corner frequency will be blocked. While actual low-pass filters do not achieve an ideal corner, approximate corner frequencies can nevertheless be identified. In an embodiment according to the invention, a filter is chosen so that the corner frequency of its transfer function falls between the frequency distribution of the power signal 301 and the frequency distribution of the data signal 303. This invention is dealing with an AC power environment with much fewer noises and much less impedance manipulations in the aspect of power line data communication which makes it possible to transfer data in a much higher data bit rate. While noise and attenuation problems may be reduced in a certain level, by increasing transmitter power levels or increasing receiver sensitivity, the chances for interferences from neighbors with similar systems are higher, which aggravates the problems of privacy and security prior art line carrier systems exhibit. Therefore another benefit of using the novel technology of this invention is to implement a system, which decreases the noises on the power lines. This is a novel solution for existing constructions.

The present invention suggests a new power line communication system, which offers:

A) Changing the power distribution network of bus topology to point to point topology.

B) This is useful to all infrastructures implemented on the power line communication system as it offers a much higher reliability.

C) The system suggested in the present invention will focus on the infrastructure and will not detail possible extensions. Some features can not be implemented over any system, such as using emergency call for telephone service, as the devices presented here connected serially to the power distribution network.

D) This invention will also detail a method for implementing all electrical circuits including a "Large LPF" on a power outlet.

Throughout the present disclosure:

1. The term "data switch for PLC" refers to a PLC data repeater connected serially to the power line, including, but not limited to, an Ethernet data switch, any kind of a physical layer of power line communication, and a protocol connecting between them. A signaling environment may include a main data switch for PLC through which power is provided to the various circuits and outlets.

2. The term "device" refers to a part of the present invention, which can optionally include along other parts, a data switch for PLC, an outlet or any filter discussed in the present invention. A signaling environment may include a main appliance through which data or power is provided to the various circuits and outlets.

3. The term "modular outlet" refers to a the power outlet implemented in the present invention, including, but not limited to, a common power outlet, a Large LPF, a sampling interface, a power line modulator/demodulator, a power line analog front end and a protocol connecting between them. A signaling environment may include a main outlet through which power and data are provided to the various circuits and outlets.

4. The term "electrical appliance" refers to an appliance connected to the power outlet, including, but not limited to, a radio, a DVD or a washing machine.

5. The term "Large LPF" may refer to a filter, which is isolating between the apartment and the construction or the construction and the neighborhood or any other kind of isolation or attenuation as required, including, but not limited to, a low pass filter (LPF) for transmitting only the power line signal while attenuating other signals. The filter element of the present invention may attenuate telecommunications signals entering the internal network of user's premises. A signaling environment may include the Large LPF through which power is provided to the various circuits and outlets.

6. The term "star LPF" refers to a filter isolating between data communication segments in the aspect of data frequencies, and may include a low pass filter (LPF) for enabling only the power signal. A signaling environment may include the star LPF through which power is provided to the various circuits and outlets.

7. The term "star HPF" refers to a filter connecting between three phases of electricity, and may include signals at data frequencies. A high pass filter (HPF) may be included for enabling only the power line data communication signal in high frequencies, the high pass filter is built to transfer the data to all three phases and yet block the power signals. The HPF is not novel with regards to the present invention and may be used according to prior art.

Illustrative embodiments of the invention may facilitate the use of a power line modem in a particular signaling environment by isolating the signaling segment from other signaling segments.

8. The term "signaling segment" refers to a power line communication segment, which can include a circuit, a portion of a circuit or multiple interconnected circuits. Each circuit typically includes a number of outlets protected by a circuit breaker.

The filters are used in one or more of the signaling segments to block the ingress and/or egress of power line data signals. For purposes of this discussion, the term "block" refers to elimination of the power line data signal or attenuation of the power line data signal to an acceptably low level.

The filters typically block high-frequency power line communication data signals, but pass the lower frequency power signal. A filter is typically coupled in-line with the power supplied to the signaling segment.

In the present invention the topology may be changed to allow the installation of devices, like a switch for PLC and/or filters described in Figs. 3-6. Figs. IA-I C show several kinds of power line distribution networks topologies, which are designed according to prior art.

Fig. 4 shows the switch for PLC and the LPF needed in every power line junction or fuse box to isolate the wires in order to create a point to point network. Such a power distribution network is presented in Fig. 3. As shown there is a device of the present invention in every connection between the power lines. In this way the data is segmented and a point to point network is established.

Fig. 5 shows a way to implement a data switch for PLC. This device is the repeater of the data signal and the device isolating between the wires. This device prevents attenuation of the data signal. This device makes it possible to create a reliable system as shown in the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows the modular outlet internal structure. This device blocks undesirable signals generated by the electrical appliance from entering the power distribution network. This device also samples the infrastructure signal and turns it to power line data communication.

Fig. 4 in the present invention details a possible appliance, which can be installed in junctions 102 of Figs. 1A-1C. This creates a topology of three or more branches at each junction. Three branches are more likely to be seen in the middle of the house, covered within the middle of the wall, while bigger junctions are more likely to be installed in the distribution board.

In various embodiments of the invention, the star LPF 203a, 203b and 203c are low-pass filters that block the high-frequency power line data signal, while allowing the low- frequency power signal to pass. Any combination of low-pass filters configurations can be used for implementing the star LPF 203a, 203b and 203c. A star LPF shown in the present invention can be a simple LC filter having input terminals 201a, 201b and 201c, such as within the distribution board, and output terminals such as junction 202. Fig. 4 shows the junction of the star LPF 202.

This junction is unique, due to the fact that only low frequency high amplitude signals reach this point. Fig. 4 also shows the data switch for PLC 204 (power line communication), which is a repeater for the data signal on the power lines. The data switch for PLC 204 may be built of an Ethernet switch, lOBaseT, lOObaseTx or other, with Mil interface.

Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of PLC 204. In order to transfer the data signal by the data switch over power lines it needs to be isolated. Though, there is no high pass filter the low signal high amplitude is isolated by analog front end at the power line data signal modulator / demodulator. It is known to transfer power line data signals over an electricity distribution or power transmission network but most repeaters will be connected in parallel to the electricity distribution. While this invention suggests a way to connect the repeater in serial to the power distribution, there may be several advantages in transferring a signal in serial; the same information will appear on the power distribution network only once and therefore higher bit rate can be transmitted; the signal to be repeated can be easily identified. The dashed line 205 at Fig. 4 is a regular distribution line. The dashed line demonstrates that line 205 does not go through the star LPF and has no connection to it.

Fig. 3 shows a possible block diagram of a power distribution network in accordance with the present invention. Mains electricity enters through the "Large LPF" 401, via the power meter and onto the power distribution network. The power is supplied to a number of locations, such as outlet 404.

Each of these outlets may receive only a single phase of electricity supply or alternatively may receive a three phases power supply. Besides the "Large LPF" there is another device in the fuse box.

This device isolates between the power distribution network branches. More specifically, such a device includes connectors for coupling to the wires of power meter and another connector for coupling to power distribution network branches. A data switch for power lines communications and a LPF are electrically coupled between the power meter connectors and the power distribution network branches connector. The filtering logic is electrically coupled between the data switch for power line communication and the power distribution network branches connector for blocking power line data signals while allowing power signals to pass through - from the power meter connector to the power distribution network branches connector.

The filtering logic may be coupled so as to block power line data signals, received over the power distribution network connector, from passing through to the power meter connector, and/or block power line data signals, received over the outlet side connectors, from passing through to certain branches where no data needed, while allowing power signals to pass through from the power meter connectors to the power distribution network connectors.

Data signals may be connected directly into the network, or alternatively received from the network, at every modular outlet 404 or at the entrance to the premises, where the "Large LPF" 401 may be placed. Data signals may be received within the premises through input 13. In order to separate the power line data communication signal, from the low frequency high amplitude power signal, included on the line, each signal destination will be provided with a unique interface detailed in figure 6. This unique interface includes a power line analog front end, power line modulator/demodulator and the sampling interface separating the signals.

Fig. 3 shows the same power distribution network as shown in Fig. IA. Fig. 4 shows this network with the appliances described in the present invention.

For purposes of this discussion, the term "A" 402 at FIG. 3 refers to a data switch for

PLC, including, but not limited to, an Ethernet data switch, a physical layer of power line communication, and a protocol connecting between them.

For purposes of this discussion, the term "B" 403 at FIG. 3 refers to a "Large LPF" connecting between the power connector and the power distribution network, including, but not limited to, a low pass filter (LPF) transmitting only the power line signal and a filter element of the present invention, which is used in order to attenuate telecommunications signals entering the internal network of user's premises.

Fig. 3 shows the "Large LPF" 401, which is the filter for high frequencies arriving from the outside of the construction or the apartment. Outside the construction or the apartment the power network crosses huge distances; therefore lots of signals are entered other than the high amplitude low frequency signal. The "Large LPF" shown in Fig. 3 may be also located at the entrance of a construction or an apartment, this can be very important because it allows integrating the system presented here to several services.

For example, when using the system in the present invention for a residential construction, there are several recommended infrastructures to be connected by power lines. Among those infrastructures could be satellite TV, telephone, intercom or other infrastructures. Intercom for example is a construction infrastructure that will be connected to unit "A" 402 in accordance with the present invention this unit can be placed in the entrance as explained before. Placing parts at the entrance is useful for another reason; base unit of telephone sampling is isolating the telephone provider where the apartment is located there.

The entrance could include a special "A" 402 unit. This unit is special due to the fact the number of star branches can be much higher than what is shown in Fig. 3. The signal, which entered the house, with no importance of the kind of infrastructure, would be transferred as data. Two kinds of signals could propagate on the power line data communication system; QOS signals or regular data signals.

The data signals may be, for example, a file transfer on the home networking system while the QOS signal could be voice like intercom or telephone conversation. The data will move from segment to segment navigated by the switch matrix located in "A" 402.

Every outlet will have an address so the data could reach it.

In the outlet, the data will be changed back to according to the relevant infrastructure and the user could connect a regular telephone set or a regular TV set. In places where a three phases power distribution network exists, the data will be transferred on the power distributed networks by the "star HPF" mentioned above.

The power signal will pass through the electricity meter, and then similarly to prior art, on the power distribution network. The main difference concerning the power signal is using the filters the signal passes. First the "Large LPF" 401 and then the "star LPF" in "A" 402.

The appliance "B" 403 is also referring to a filter for power signal. This filter is connected in the outlet 404, directly to the power connector.

Connecting "B" 403 to the outlet 404, is taking advantage of the "star LPF" located in "A"

402, which is a very important filter for several reasons. The first reason is to isolate segments for data frequencies. Other important reason for the "star LPF" is its extension potential.

The customer at home might need an extension to the power line, for example lamp, in this situation assembling an outlet such as implemented in the present invention is complicated therefore the householder could use a regular power cable and connect the lamp regularly. The resulting noises in one segment will not affect other segments or the system as a whole. In this example, PLC data might be reduced, but only in a particular segment while all the other segments function regularly, unperturbed.

The present invention is not limited to the structure of wiring as illustrated in the embodiment as herein presented, or to any particular type of topology. Any topology that is structured for the power distribution network can be used. Thus, for example, the topology could be as shown in Fig IA, Fig. IB or Fig. 1C.

Various topologies are included for the sake of discussion, and the present invention is in no way limited to those topologies.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic drawing for the data Switch for PLC. The appliance is also presented as "A" in Fig. 3. The data switch for PLC is basically a repeater for the data signal that propagates on the power lines. The data switch for PLC is built of an Ethernet switch 501, lOBaseT, lOObaseTx or other, with Mil interface 502, which can be connected to the power lines communication signal modulator 503 and to its analog front end 504, as known in the art and produced by Phonex, Intellon or other developers. Fig. 5 shows the contents of this part in the present invention, which gives a specified description of the data switch over PLC. In order to repeat the data signal by the data switch over power lines the PLC data needs to be isolated. Therefore there is the "star LPF" mentioned in Fig. 4 and Fig. 3 as the device isolate the data signal. Ethernet is only an example to the switch, which could be used, and Mil is only a possible communication protocol to be used. Fig. 5 shows the use of those two examples as system. All the parts in Fig. 5 are well known to those skilled in the art. The connection of these parts in a novel manner according to the present invention will now be described. The Ethernet switch 501 is connected to the power line modulator/demodulator 503 by an Mil interface 502, which is commonly used in both kinds of parts. The data switch for PLC should be connected to the power distribution network as to isolate data of the low frequency high voltage signal - this is being done by a high pass filter 506, for example an LC filter, implemented in the power line analog front end 504 as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows only three ports switching but the present invention relates, to any number of Ethernet switch ports.

Fig. 6 shows an internal diagram of a modular outlet with regards to the current invention. The outlet is divided to two basic areas, each is dealing with a different signal. The first area includes the power outlet 604, which is built of the power connector and its cover. The second part in this area is the LPF 605, which is built of a "Large LPF" and its metal box. The metal box is needed to avoid radiation problems regarding the LPF. The variable electrical loading effects (i.e. the load impedances) of all the components which are coupled onto the network from time to time, and which utilize electrical energy (i.e. the electrical loads) are isolated from the communications signals, by the low pass filter elements. Preferably an electrical filter is used at the interface between the external distribution network and the internal network of the premises, such as a house, of a user to ensure that the two signals are separated. Such a filter should have minimal effect on the normal domestic electricity supply.

The second area in the outlet is the power line data communication area. The power line data communication area is built of power line analog front end 601, power line modulator/demodulator 602 and a signal sampling device 603, this is one embodiment and similar implementations may be used with some and/or similar components, for example, Ethernet switch could be implemented in the outlet if needed. A wide range of different transmission techniques are available for use with electricity power line communication, each using various modulation methods including both frequency and time division multiplexing in order to implement power line analog front end 601 and power line modulator/demodulator 602. A HPF 606 blocks power line signal of reaching the communication components area.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the mechanical parts of a power outlet in accordance with an embodiment of this invention. The outlet is modular as shown in Fig. 7. The outlet is made of two modules; the first module is the power outlet 2, which can function as a regular power outlet, having regular power signal at its output. It is important for safety reasons to isolate unused parts, such as possible connections 21 and 22, in order to avoid electrocution of the customer.

The second part shows an adapter 3. Electrical circuits are in the adapter in a way the power outlet 2 can stand alone, with a regular power outlet 23.

When the adapter 3 is connected, data communication signals may become available through one or more dedicated connections, such as one or more connections for telephone 35, one or more network connections 34, a television connection 37, etc.

In addition to the various services, the regular power signal is present in the adapter as well at outlet 33.

The separation between the power signal and the data communication signal may be done according to any system or method described here, or by using any other kind of means.

The separation between the two signals may be done at the outlet 2 and/or at the adapter

3.

According to one embodiment, the signal is separated at the adapter 3, when it is connected to the outlet 2. The outlet 2 is changing its mode of operation mechanically and/or electronically by pressing one or more buttons and/or electronic connections such as buttons and/or electric components 21,22. Parts 21,22 can also be used in order to ensure proper connection of the adapter to the outlet. Thus, all signals may be available at outlet 23 for the adapter, and it also can be used as a regular power outlet when the adapter is not present.

One or more buttons such as 32 and 36 may allow easy releasing of the adapter from the outlet. In a preferred embodiment the buttons control a mechanical connection above the matching parts 21 and 22 respectively.

This is also useful for simple mode changing of the outlet and easy blocking of any other services rather than power supplying.

One or more mechanical clasps 31 may be present to ensure proper connection they may be connected and disconnected mechanically and/or electronically. The system presented in this invention could be easily implemented in constructions in the planning stage. Implementation of such a system demands interference in the electricity planning, coordination with architect planning and supervising construction procedure. In general, installing such a system should be done carefully because malfunction on installation procedure will affect all construction's infrastructure.

Fig. 8 shows a side view of an adapter in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the adapter 3 is connected to the power outlet by plugs 38.

The mixed signal is then separated to a power signal, which is available at the power outlet 36 on the adapter, and to any other data services as required, with additional connections, as described. In case the signal is bi-directional, such as for communication applications, it is combined again with the power signal and transferred through plugs 38.

One or more mechanical clasps 31 may be used to ensure proper connection. They may be connected and disconnected mechanically and/or electronically.

FIG. 9 shows an implementation of a system, which is connecting directly by power lines to power outlets in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.

The system 41 may be installed at the distribution board, or in any other central location with access to the main power line 13. Since each outlet 103 is connected by one line directly to the system 41, the system may control and monitor each power outlet with accordance to this invention.

For example, some outlet can function as regular outlets thus the system 41 will transfer for these outlets a pure power signal disabling any kind of additional services. When an adapter is connected, for example, a signal is transferred from the adapter to the system

41. The system would then change its mode of operation to allow network services to this power outlet, connecting it to other power outlets and to other services as required. The system and/or power outlets may include any of the technologies and methods described with regards to this invention. The system may include all required components such as

LPFs, HPFs, etc. Regular power outlets may be used as well, changing their mode of operation only when the adapter is connected externally - the adapter may be connected to regular power outlets as well.

FIG. 10 shows an implementation of a system, which is connecting by additional systems and power lines to power outlets in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.

According to this embodiment, several systems 42 are used in order to allow connecting several outlets to one system and to connect to the infrastructure more efficiently, for example in cases where several outlets are connected by a common line, the system 42 may be placed behind the power outlet, or in any other desired location, to allow efficient communication services and easy blocking of power outlets and of external noises, while allowing power outlets to supply only power source or any desired services easily.

FIG. 1 1 shows an implementation of a system, in which units are connected at power outlets in accordance with an embodiment of this invention. According to this embodiment, each power outlet 5 has the required electronic components inside to allow any required services as described in this invention. The power outlets could be in junctions as well, monitoring the signals and controlling their quality, blocking noises and blocking communication services where there is no need for them, while offering a direct and easy access, for example allowing connecting a phone, a television or a computer with data network support directly to a special connection offering the service.

Examples of advantages and novelty features of the present invention:

It is possible to install any infrastructure, in any place the customer will please.

It is possible to move any infrastructure at any time by switching only the outlet.

It is possible to add infrastructures according to the varying needs of the customer at any time.

It is possible to create one standard for all the infrastructures in new constructions, simplifying the work of the government enforcing authorities, and the constructors.

Each construction can be designed according to a plan that suits it to create segmentation of the power in the construction, ensuring that all the information is transferred.

Future products that will be developed using the novel technology, which offers better topology, will allow a faster data communication.

The abovementioned focused on the area inside the apartment however infrastructure saving may be achieved at public areas of the construction, which has quite a few infrastructures as well.

While the concept may seem to be simple, there are many challenges to overcome in order to use power lines for data communication. Overhead power lines are not designed to provide high-speed data communications and are very susceptible to interferences.

Additionally, federal regulations limit the amount of radiated energy of a power line communication system, which therefore limits the power of the data signal that can be combined onto power lines (especially overhead power lines).

The present invention is not limited to improving only the three topologies shown in Figs.

IA-I C, but to any possible topology. Any topology that can be installed for establishing power lines transmission can be used in accordance with the present invention. Various topology configurations are included for the sake of discussion, and the present invention is in no way limited to those topology configurations shown.

The present invention is not limited to the specific kinds of constructions mentioned, and may include any kind of moving constructions. Any construction that contains any kind of infrastructure can be used in accordance with the present invention. Various constructions are discussed for the sake of discussion, and the present invention is in no way limited to those constructions.

The present invention is not limited to the power signal mentioned above but also refer to 120V 60 Hz and to every power signal including DC. Any power signal can contain any kind of infrastructure and can be used in accordance with the present invention. Various power signals are discussed for the sake of discussion, and the present invention is not limited to those power signals.

The present invention is not limited to the infrastructures mentioned above but also refer to every infrastructure and to every possible signal that could be transmitted in accordance with the present invention. Any power line can contain any kind of infrastructure and can be used in accordance with the present invention. Various infrastructures are discussed for the sake of discussion, and the present invention is in no way limited to those infrastructures. The Infrastructures could be implemented in the outlet with existing infrastructures, including, but not limited to: telephone, intercom, home networking, cable TV, satellite TV, home theater system or other.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An electrical system for use with an electrical wiring system in a building, comprising:

A. a first, second and third AC power wiring segments, wherein each wiring segment is carrying a frequency multiplexed AC power and bi-directional packet- based digital data signals, wherein the digital data signal is carried over a frequency band distinct and above the AC power signal frequency band, wherein a device is employed for coupling said digital data signals to each other and for sharing the AC power signal, wherein the device is comprising in a single enclosure a first, a second and a third AC wiring ports, wherein the ports are respectively connectable to said first, second and third AC power wiring segments;

B. a first, second and third low pass filters used to pass the AC power signal, wherein each of the filters is having a first and a second port, the first ports of said filters are respectively connected to said first, second and third AC wiring ports, wherein the second ports of said first, second and third low pass filters are connected to one junction for passing the AC signals between said ports;

C. a first, second and third high pass filters, are each operative to pass the digital data signal, wherein each of the filters is having a first and a second port, the first ports of said filters are respectively connected to said first, second and third AC wiring ports;

D. a first, second and third power line modems are each operative to manage a digital data signal over said electrical wiring, wherein the modem is connected to said second ports of the respective first, second and third high pass filters;

E. a multi-port unit, comprising of one output of a hub, a switch and a router, wherein the multi-port unit is having a first, a second and a third port and are capable of sharing the ports data, wherein said power-line modems are respectively connected to said multi-port unit ports for coupling said digital data signals to each other, and wherein the enclosure is mountable into a wall in a building.

2. An electrical wiring system for use with an electrical wiring in a building carrying a frequency multiplexed AC power and bi-directional packet-based digital data signals, and wherein: A. the digital data signal is carried over a frequency band distinct and above the AC power signal frequency band, wherein a device is used for coupling a data unit to said digital data signals and for coupling an electrical appliance to the AC power signal, wherein the device is contained within a single enclosure with a wiring connector for connecting to the electrical wiring;

B. a high pass filter connected to said wiring connector, wherein the high pass filter passes only the digital data signal;

C. a power-line modem coupled to said high pass filter and is used for transmitting the digital data signal over said electrical wiring;

D. a data connector coupled to said power-line modem and connectable to a data unit, which is used for coupling the data unit to the bi-directional packet-based digital data signals;

E. a low pass filter connected to said wiring connector, wherein the low pass filter passes only the AC power signal;

F. a power connector connected to said low pass filter, which is connectable to an electrical appliance, for powering the electrical appliance by the AC power signal; and wherein the enclosure is mountable into an electrical outlet cavity in a building.

3. A network for use with an electrical wiring system in a building, comprising:

A. an electrical wiring segment in the wall of the building, comprising at least two conductors, and having a first and a second end points, wherein the electrical wiring system is carrying frequency multiplexed AC power and bi-directional packet-based digital data signals, wherein each of the digital data signals is carried over a frequency band distinct and above the AC power signal frequency band;

B. a first device connected to said first end point of said electrical wiring segment having AC power and data ports, wherein the device is comprising in a single enclosure a low pass filter coupled between the AC power port and said first end point of said electrical wiring segment, wherein the low pass filter passes only AC power signal, and wherein a high pass filter is coupled between the data port and said first end point of said electrical wiring segment, wherein the high pass filter passes only digital data signals;

C. a second device connected to said second end point of said electrical wiring segment and having AC power and data ports, wherein the device is comprising in a single enclosure a low pass filter coupled between the AC power port and said second end point of said electrical wiring segment, wherein the low pass filter passes only the AC power signal, and wherein a high pass filter is coupled between the data port and said second end point of said electrical wiring segment, wherein the high pass filter passes only digital data signal; and wherein said first and second devices are mounted into a wall in a building, and wherein at least one out of first and second devices are mounted into an electrical outlet cavity in a wall in the building.

4. An adapter connectable to power outlet, for use with a power line communication system, having electronic filter means and dedicated connectors for supporting the different kinds of services and having mechanical means for connecting the adapter to the power outlet.

5. The adapter according to claim 4, wherein the filter means include HPF means for effectively transferring bi-directional data communication and LPF means for effectively transferring power supply.

6. An outlet for new buildings which supports a new adapter, comprising mechanical means for properly connecting the adapter to the outlet, security means to prevent electrifying and electronic means to enable communication services only when the adapter is connected to the outlet.

7. A method for using infrastructure in buildings for effectively using data communication services over power lines, including:

A. using a point to point topology rather than using directly the bus topology of the power distribution network - this will isolate every power line in the data aspect;

B. implementation of such isolation can be done according to one or more embodiments described in this invention;

C. when the lines are isolated, connection or disconnection of electrical appliances does not influence data at all or influence is negligible.

8. The method for using infrastructure in buildings for effectively using data communication services over power lines, wherein the system is connecting directly by power lines to power outlets.

9. The method for using infrastructure in buildings for effectively using data communication services over power lines according to claim 7, wherein several systems are used in order to allow connecting several outlets to one system and to connect to the infrastructure more efficiently.

10. The method for using infrastructure in buildings for effectively using data communication services over power lines, according to claim 7, wherein each power outlet has the required electronic components inside to allow any required services.

11. The method for using infrastructure in buildings for effectively using data communication services over power lines according to claim 10, wherein one or more power outlets are in junctions as well, monitoring the signals and controlling them.