WO2006040999A1 - 燃料電池発電装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006040999A1 WO2006040999A1 PCT/JP2005/018526 JP2005018526W WO2006040999A1 WO 2006040999 A1 WO2006040999 A1 WO 2006040999A1 JP 2005018526 W JP2005018526 W JP 2005018526W WO 2006040999 A1 WO2006040999 A1 WO 2006040999A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel
- fuel cell
- power generation
- cell power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator, and more particularly, to a device equipped with a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell As a typical fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is known! In this polymer electrolyte fuel cell, fuel and an oxidant are respectively supplied to a pair of electrodes sandwiching a polymer electrolyte membrane, that is, an anode and a cathode, and a chemical reaction between the supplied fuel and the oxidant is performed. Generate electricity.
- the electrode of this polymer electrolyte fuel cell is formed by laminating a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer in contact with the separator.
- a catalyst layer in which an inert gas is sealed in the oxidant flow path and the fuel gas flow path when the operation is stopped has been proposed because the performance deteriorates due to the drought (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
- the catalyst layer is usually formed by mixing conductive carbon particles carrying a noble metal such as platinum and a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane such as perfluorosulfonic acid. Therefore, it is considered that sealing with a gas not containing oxygen can prevent the oxidation of the platinum surface, thereby suppressing deterioration of battery performance.
- the electrode catalyst layer is placed in an inert gas atmosphere during operation stoppage, oxidation of the electrode catalyst layer is suppressed, thereby Therefore, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-272738
- the fuel cell is frequently operated to be repeatedly started and stopped (hereinafter referred to as a high-frequency start / stop operation).
- a high-frequency start / stop operation In such a fuel cell used in an electric vehicle, it is not necessary to perform simple start-up / stop operation. It is necessary to evaluate the fuel cell from the viewpoint of long life. Therefore, when the fuel cell was evaluated from such a viewpoint, the fuel gas and the oxidant were not replaced at the time of stopping.
- the life of the fuel cell was further increased by the frequent start / stop operation. It turned out to be shorter.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generator capable of extending the life under high-frequency start / stop operation.
- the present inventor diligently investigated the mechanism for shortening the life of the fuel cell by frequent start / stop operation. As a result, the following facts were found.
- the material of the catalyst layer of the electrode of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is oxidized while the fuel cell is stopped and eluted into the polymer electrolyte membrane, and this eluted material of the catalyst layer is generated during the power generation (operation) of the fuel cell.
- the material of the catalyst layer of the electrode of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is oxidized while the fuel cell is stopped and eluted into the polymer electrolyte membrane, and this eluted material of the catalyst layer is generated during the power generation (operation) of the fuel cell.
- elution and deposition of the material of the catalyst layer are repeated to increase the particle size of the catalyst particles constituting the catalyst layer, thereby degrading the catalyst performance of the catalyst layer.
- a fuel cell power generator stores a fuel gas substantially composed of hydrogen gas, supplies a fuel gas reservoir, supplies an air, and supplies the fuel.
- a fuel cell that supplies the fuel gas from a gas reservoir and the air from the air supply device to an anode and a power sword sandwiching an electrolyte membrane, respectively, and generates power by a chemical reaction between the supplied fuel gas and air;
- the fuel cell power generator includes the air sealed in the power sword and consumes oxygen in the air while continuing the power generation in this state, and oxygen is discharged from the cathode. Then, the power generation is stopped, and then the fuel gas or a mixed gas of the fuel gas and an inert gas is sealed in the anode and remains in the power sword.
- the gas is replaced with the fuel gas from the fuel reservoir or a mixed gas of the fuel gas and the inert gas, and the replaced fuel gas or mixed gas is sealed at the cathode, and then the operation is stopped.
- the open circuit voltage should be OV or more and 0.85V or less. maintain.
- gases such as Ar, CO, CO, water vapor, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.
- the anode contains platinum as a catalyst for the chemical reaction, and the open circuit voltage maintained is 0V or more and 0.85V or less.
- the fuel cell power generation device After stopping the power generation, the fuel cell power generation device seals the fuel gas at the anode and replaces the gas remaining in the power sword with the fuel gas from the fuel reservoir. Then, the replaced fuel gas may be sealed, and then the operation may be stopped.
- the fuel gas is used as the replacement gas for the power sword, so there is no need to provide a separate replacement gas supply means, and it is suitable as a power source for an electric vehicle that does not want to mount extra items. .
- the fuel cell power generation apparatus includes an inert gas supply device that supplies an inert gas, and after the power generation is stopped, the fuel gas and the inert gas from the inert gas supply device are used as gas remaining in the anode.
- the mixed gas replaced with the anode is sealed with the replaced mixed gas and the gas remaining in the power sword is inerted from the fuel gas from the fuel reservoir and the inert gas supplier. It is possible to replace the mixed gas with the gas and seal the replaced mixed gas on the cathode, and then stop the operation.
- the fuel cell power generation device When starting the operation after the operation is stopped, the fuel cell power generation device releases the sealing of the gas sealed in the anode, supplies the fuel gas to the anode, and supplies the power.
- the power generation may be started by discharging the gas sealed to the cathode from the sword and then supplying the air to the cathode. With such a configuration, air can be supplied to the power sword while preventing non-catalytic combustion due to mixing of fuel gas and air when the fuel cell is started.
- the fuel cell power generator may be mounted on an electric vehicle as a driving power source.
- the present invention has the configuration as described above, and in the fuel cell power generator, there is an effect that it is possible to extend the life under the high frequency start / stop operation.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a configuration of a fuel cell power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a cell of the fuel cell of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an outline of a stop mode of the fuel cell power generator of FIG.
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change with time of the output voltage of the fuel cell in the stop mode.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an outline of the start-up mode of the fuel cell power generator of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell power generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell power generator 1 of the present embodiment includes, as main components, a fuel cell 2, a fuel source 3, an air supply device 4, a load switching circuit 5, A start / stop resistor 6, a control device 7, a sealing gas discharge pump 8, and a cooling system (not shown) for cooling the fuel cell 2 are provided.
- fuel cell power generator 1 is for an electric vehicle.
- the fuel cell 2 is composed of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in which fuel is supplied to the anode and oxidant is supplied to the power sword.
- pure hydrogen gas is used in the present embodiment.
- the fuel may contain a very small amount of impurities as long as it is substantially composed of hydrogen gas.
- air is used as the oxidizing agent.
- other oxidizing agents may be used.
- the fuel source 3 is constituted by a hydrogen cylinder (fuel gas storage). Hydrogen gas from the fuel source 3 (hereinafter referred to as fuel gas) is supplied to the anode through the fuel supply path 51, where it is consumed and consumed for power generation. It is released into the atmosphere through the gas and gas discharge channel 52.
- the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 2 may be referred to as a supply fuel gas! / ⁇
- the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 2 may be referred to as an exhaust fuel gas.
- the fuel gas supply passage 10 is provided with an on-off valve 10
- the fuel gas discharge passage 52 is provided with an on-off valve 11. Thereby, the on-off valves 10 and 11 can be closed and the anode 23 can be sealed.
- a humidifier for humidifying the fuel gas may be provided in the fuel supply path 51.
- This The humidifier is configured to humidify and heat the supplied fuel gas by, for example, total heat exchange between the supplied fuel gas and the exhausted fuel gas, or to mix and humidify the exhausted fuel gas directly into the supplied fuel gas. Is done.
- this total heat exchange type humidifier may be integrated with the stack of the fuel cells 2 to constitute an internal total heat exchanger. Further, the total heat exchange type humidifier may be configured such that the supplied fuel gas is heated by exchanging heat with a cooling medium described later. Further, when the cooling medium is water, the humidifier may be configured so that the cooling water at the outlet from the fuel cell 2 in the cooling water circulation passage and the supplied fuel gas are totally heat-exchanged.
- the fuel gas flow system may be configured as a system that does not release the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 2 into the atmosphere and does not have an outlet.
- the fuel gas is pure hydrogen
- a system that uses up 100% of the fuel gas and does not discharge it to the outside can be considered.
- a fuel gas humidifier may be unnecessary.
- the air supply device 4 is here constituted by a blower, and supplies air (hereinafter referred to as oxidant gas) to the power sword of the fuel cell 2 through the oxidant gas supply path 53.
- Oxidant gas supplied to the power sword (hereinafter sometimes referred to as supply oxidant gas) is used and consumed for power generation, and excess oxidant gas that has not been consumed (hereinafter referred to as exhausted oxygen gas). Is released from the fuel cell 2 into the atmosphere through the oxidant discharge channel 54.
- the oxidant gas supply path 53 is provided with an on-off valve 12, and the oxidant gas discharge path 54 is provided with an on-off valve 13.
- the open / close valves 12 and 13 and the open / close valve 16 of the sealing gas supply passage 55 described later can be closed to seal the force sword 24.
- the oxidant gas supply path 53 and the oxidant gas discharge path 54 are provided with a humidifier 61 for humidifying the oxidant gas.
- the humidifier 61 may be configured to humidify and heat the supply oxidant gas by total heat exchange between the supply oxidant gas and the exhaust oxidant gas.
- the total heat exchange type humidifier 61 may be integrated with the stack of the fuel cells 2 to constitute an internal total heat exchanger. Further, the humidifier 61 may be configured such that the supplied oxidant gas is heated by exchanging heat with a cooling medium described later. Further, when the cooling medium is water, the humidifier 61 may be configured so that the cooling water at the outlet from the fuel cell 2 in the cooling water circulation passage and the supplied oxidant gas are totally heat-exchanged. . When the oxidant gas is air as in the present embodiment, humidification of the oxidant gas is almost necessary, and this total heat exchange type humidifier 61 Is considered essential.
- a three-way valve 9 is disposed in a portion of the oxidant gas supply path 53 between the air supply device 4 and the on-off valve 12.
- two of the three ports are connected to the oxidant gas flow path 53, and the remaining one port is connected to the suction port of the sealed gas discharge pump 8.
- the discharge port of the sealing gas discharge pump 8 is open to the atmosphere.
- the sealing gas discharge pump 8 is here constituted by a vacuum pump!
- the sealing gas supply path 55 is provided with an on-off valve 16.
- the fuel cell power generator 1 is provided with a cooling water circulation path for cooling the fuel cell 2 by circulating the cooling water so as to pass through the fuel cell 2, but is shown for simplicity of explanation. Is omitted.
- the load switching circuit 5 is connected to one of the pair of electrical output terminals 2a and 2b of the fuel cell 2, and one of the load switching circuit and the pair of electrical output terminals 2a and 2b of the fuel cell fuel cell 2.
- the start / stop resistor 6, the battery 14, and the load 15 are connected to the other 2b.
- the load switching circuit 5 has a group of open / close switches (not shown). The open / close switches are turned on to connect the start / stop resistor 6, the battery 14, and the load 15 to a pair of electric output terminals of the fuel cell 2, respectively. It is configured so that it can be connected or not connected between 2a and 2b.
- the starting resistor 6 is composed of a variable resistor, and is used as a load for gradually increasing and decreasing the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 when the fuel cell power generator 2 is started and stopped.
- the battery 14 is used to supply power other than driving power for the electric vehicle on which the fuel cell power generator 1 is mounted.
- the load 15 is a motor that drives an electric vehicle on which the fuel cell power generator 1 is mounted.
- the control device 7 is configured by an arithmetic device such as a microcomputer, and controls required components of the fuel cell power generation device 1 to control the operation of the fuel cell power generation device 1.
- the control device also means a control device group in which a plurality of control devices connected by only a single control device cooperate to execute control. Therefore, the control device 7 is not necessarily a single control.
- a plurality of control devices that are not necessarily configured by the control device may be arranged in a distributed manner so that they cooperate to control the operation of the fuel cell power generation device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the cell of the fuel cell 2 of FIG.
- a fuel cell 2 (more precisely, a stack) has a number of stacked cells 21, a pair of end plates (not shown) disposed at both ends thereof, and the pair of end plates A pair of electrical output terminals 2a and 2b are arranged on the board.
- the cell 21 has a MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly: polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assembly) 25.
- the MEA 25 has a polymer electrolyte membrane 22, and an anode 23 and a force sword 24 formed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 except for the peripheral portion (inner side portion).
- the anode 23 includes a catalyst layer 29 formed on the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 and a gas diffusion electrode layer 30 formed on the catalyst layer 29.
- the force sword 24 includes a catalyst layer 31 formed on the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 and a gas diffusion electrode layer 32 formed on the catalyst layer 31.
- a pair of gaskets 26 and 26 having an opening in the central portion on both sides of the peripheral portion (outer portion) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 of the MEA 25 so that the anode 23 and the force sword 24 are positioned in the openings, respectively. Arranged. Therefore, the anode 23 and the force sword 24 are exposed at the center part (inner part) of both sides of the joined body of the MEA 25 and the gaskets 26 and 26 (hereinafter referred to as MEA gasket joined body).
- An anode separator 27 is placed in contact with the main surface on the anode side of this MEA gasket assembly, and a force sword separator 28 is placed in contact with the main surface on the force sword side of the MEA gasket assembly!
- the anode separator 27 has a groove-shaped fuel gas flow path 34 formed on the inner surface thereof, and a groove-shaped cooling water flow path 36 A formed on the outer surface thereof.
- a fuel gas supply manifold hole 41A, an oxidant gas supply manifold hole 42A, a cooling water supply manifold hole 43A, and a fuel gas discharge mask are formed at the peripheral edge of the anode separator 27 so as to penetrate the peripheral edge.
- -A fold hole 41B, an oxidant gas discharge fold hole 42B, and a cooling water discharge fold hole 43B are formed.
- the fuel gas passage 34 is connected to the fuel gas supply manifold hole 41 A and the fuel gas passage 34.
- the cooling water flow path 36A is formed so as to connect the cooling water supply fold hole 43A and the cooling water discharge fold hole 43B.
- the force sword separator 28 has a groove-like oxidant gas passage 35 formed on the inner surface thereof, and a groove-like cooling water passage 36B formed on the outer surface thereof.
- a fuel gas supply mould hole 41A, an oxidant gas supply mould hole 42A, a cooling water supply mould hole 43, and a fuel gas so as to penetrate the peripheral edge of the cathode separator 28.
- An exhaust manifold hole 41B, an oxidant gas exhaust manifold hole 42B, and a cooling water exhaust manifold hole 43B are formed.
- the oxidant gas flow path 35 is formed so as to connect the oxidant gas supply manifold hole 42A and the oxidant gas discharge manifold hole 42B, and the cooling water flow path 36B is provided with the cooling water supply manifold hole 42B.
- 43A and cooling water discharge manifold hole 43B are formed to be connected.
- the MEA-gasket assembly also has a peripheral edge of the fuel gas supply manifold hole 41A and an oxidant gas so as to penetrate the peripheral edge so as to correspond to the anode separator 27 and the force sword separator 28.
- Supply manifold hole 42A, cooling water supply manifold hole 43A, fuel gas exhaust manifold hole 41B, oxidant gas exhaust manifold hole 42B, and cooling water exhaust manifold hole 43B are formed. .
- the fuel cell 2 includes a fuel gas supply manifold hole 41A, an oxidant gas supply manifold hole 42A, a cooling water supply manifold hole 43A, and a fuel gas discharge manifold hole for each cell 21.
- 41B, Oxidant gas discharge manifold hole 42B, and Coolant discharge manifold hole 43B are connected to each other to connect the fuel gas supply mould, oxidant gas supply mould, cooling water supply mould, A fuel gas discharge mould, an oxidant gas discharge mould, and a cooling water discharge mould are formed.
- the cooling water flow path 36A on the outer surface of the anode separator 27 and the cooling water flow path 36B on the outer surface of the force sword separator 28 are combined to form one cooling water flow path between two adjacent cells 21.
- a fuel gas supply path 51 is connected to the fuel gas supply manifold, and a fuel gas discharge path 52 is connected to the fuel gas discharge manifold.
- an oxidant gas supply path 53 is connected to the oxidant gas supply manifold, and an oxidant gas discharge path 54 is connected to the oxidant gas discharge manifold.
- the cooling water supply muff A cooling water circuit (not shown) is connected to the old and to the cooling water discharge manifold.
- the fuel gas supply manifold hole 41A, the oxidant gas supply manifold hole 42A, and the cooling water supply manifold hole 43A are indicated by two broken lines, and similarly the fuel The gas exhaust manifold 41B, the oxidant gas exhaust manifold 42B, and the cooling water exhaust manifold 43B are shown by two broken lines! Of course, these are overlapping! /, Showing that they are! /, And it goes without saying that they are formed individually rather than sharing one manifold hole. . Needless to say, each of the fold holes 41A to 43A and 41B to 43B can be arbitrarily arranged.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 is composed of a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane (Nafionll2 (registered trademark) manufactured by DUPONT).
- the gas diffusion electrode layers 30 and 32 are composed of a powerful bon paper (TOGP TGP-H-090).
- Catalyst layers 29 and 31 are formed by applying catalyst powder to the carbon paper.
- the catalyst powder of the catalyst layer 29 of the anode 23 here, a catalyst powder in which 25% platinum having an average particle diameter of about 30 ⁇ m is supported on acetylene black carbon powder (DENKA BLACKFX-35 manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Is used.
- 25% platinum particles having an average particle size of about 30 ⁇ m are supported on the acetylene black carbon powder (DENKA BLACKFX-35 manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as the catalyst powder of the catalyst layer 31 of the force sword 24. Catalyst powder is used.
- the anode separator 27 and the force sword separator 28 are made of a conductive material such as carbon.
- the operation of the fuel cell power generation device 1 is performed by the control of the control device 7 as described above.
- the fuel cell power generator 1 has a start mode in which the fuel cell power generator 1 is started and smoothly transitions to a power generation state, a power generation mode in which power is generated, and a stop mode in which the fuel cell power generator 1 is smoothly stopped from the power generation state. And have.
- the on-off valve 10 and the fuel gas of the fuel gas supply path 51 The on-off valve 11 of the discharge path 52 is open.
- the on-off valve 12 of the oxidant gas supply path 53 and the on-off valve 11 of the oxidant gas discharge path 54 are opened.
- the three-way valve 9 is switched so that the oxidant gas supply path communicates.
- the on-off valve 16 of the sealing gas supply path 55 is closed.
- the load switching circuit 5 connects the battery 14 and the load 15 as a load between the pair of electrical output terminals 2a and 2b of the fuel cell 2.
- fuel gas is supplied from the fuel source 3 to the fuel cell 2.
- the supplied fuel gas flows into the fuel gas flow path 34 through the fuel gas supply manifold (41 A). Then, it flows through the fuel gas flow path 34 while being in contact with the anode 23.
- hydrogen is ionized by the catalytic action of the catalyst layer 29, and the hydrogen ions are transported to the force sword 24 through the polymer electrolyte membrane 22. Electrons ionized from hydrogen move from the gas diffusion electrode layer 30 to the gas diffusion electrode layer 32 of the force sword 24 through an electric circuit formed by the fuel cell 2 and an external load.
- oxidant gas is supplied from the air supply device 4 to the fuel cell 2.
- the supplied oxidant gas flows into the oxidant gas flow path 35 through the oxidant gas supply manifold (42A). Then, it flows through the oxidant gas flow path 35 in contact with the force sword 24.
- the hydrogen ions transported to the cathode 24 combine with the electrons that have moved to the gas diffusion electrode layer 32 to return to hydrogen, and this hydrogen is used for the catalytic action of the catalyst layer 31.
- water is produced under reaction with oxygen in oxidant gas, water is produced. O This reaction generates electricity and heat.
- the generated electricity is output from the pair of electric output terminals 2a and 2b and consumed by the load 15, thereby driving the electric vehicle.
- the surplus power is stored in the battery 14.
- the generated heat is transmitted to the cooling water flowing through the cooling water flow paths 36A and 36B, whereby the fuel cell 2 is cooled and maintained at an appropriate temperature.
- the fuel gas not used in the above reaction is released from the fuel gas discharge passage 52 into the atmosphere through the fuel gas discharge mold (41B). Further, the oxidant gas that has not been used in the above reaction is discharged into the atmosphere from the oxidant gas discharge path 54 through the oxidant gas discharge manifold (42B).
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing an overview of the stop mode of the fuel cell power generator 1 in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 4 shows the time course of the output voltage of the fuel cell 2 in the stop mode. It is a graph which shows a change.
- step S14 in the power generation state (step S14), first, the on-off valve 12 of the oxidant gas supply path 53 is closed, and then the on-off valve 13 of the oxidant gas discharge path 54 is closed.
- force sword 24 to be precise, force sword 24, oxidant gas passage between on-off valve 12 and on-off valve 13, and sealing gas between this oxidant gas passage and on-off valve 16
- Air as an oxidant gas is sealed in the supply path 55) (step S1).
- the load switching circuit 5 disconnects the load 15 and the battery 14 from the electrical output terminals 2a and 2b of the fuel cell 2, and instead of these, the start / stop resistor 6 is interposed between the electrical output terminals 2a and 2b. Connected (step S2).
- the resistance value of the start / stop resistor 6 is gradually increased (that is, the load is gradually decreased), and the power generation amount is gradually decreased.
- the power generation is automatically stopped, so it is not always necessary to increase the resistance value of the start / stop resistor 6, and this may be maintained constant.
- oxygen in the sealed air is consumed and reduced by the reaction of power generation, and the output voltage of the fuel cell 2 (electrical output terminals 2a, 2b) is reduced as this oxygen decreases. For example, as shown in Fig. 4.
- the output voltage becomes zero and power generation stops (no electricity is generated) (step S3).
- the force sword 24 is in a negative pressure with respect to the atmosphere because oxygen in the sealed air is exhausted.
- the output voltage is monitored by the control device 7.
- the control device 7 detects that the output voltage has become zero (stop of power generation)
- the on-off valve 10 of the fuel gas supply path 51 is detected.
- the on-off valve 11 of the fuel gas discharge passage 52 is closed. Thereby, hydrogen gas as a fuel gas is sealed in the anode 23 (step S4).
- the on-off valve 16 of the sealing gas supply path 55 is opened, and hydrogen gas, which is a fuel gas, is introduced from the fuel source 3 into the force sword 24 that has a negative pressure.
- the open / close valve 13 of the oxidant discharge channel 54 is opened, and the gas remaining in the power sword (gas other than oxygen in the air) is purged with hydrogen gas.
- the opening / closing valve 13 and the opening / closing valve 16 are sequentially closed, whereby the hydrogen gas is sealed in the cathode 24. In this way, by exhausting oxygen in the air sealed in the power sword 24 by power generation, by introducing hydrogen gas into the power sword 24, air Hydrogen can be sealed in the power sword 24 while preventing non-catalytic combustion due to the mixture of hydrogen and hydrogen gas.
- the stop mode ends and the fuel cell power generator 1 stops.
- the anode 23 of the fuel cell 2 and the power sword 24 power fuel cell power generator 1 are maintained at a potential determined by the materials of the catalyst layers 29 and 31 and the hydrogen gas as the atmosphere during the stop period.
- the catalyst layer 29 of the anode 23 is made of platinum
- the catalyst layer 29 of the anode 23 is maintained at the reduction potential OV.
- the catalyst layer 31 of the force sword 24 is made of platinum
- the catalyst layer 31 of the force sword 24 is maintained at OV which is the reduction potential.
- the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell 2 is OV.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an outline of the start-up mode of the fuel cell power generator 1 of FIG.
- step Sl l hydrogen gas in the cathode 24 is first discharged (step Sl l). Specifically, first, the three-way valve 9 is switched so that the portion on the on-off valve 12 side of the oxidizing gas supply path 53 communicates with the sealing gas discharge pump 8, and then the sealing gas discharge pump 8 is activated. Next, the on-off valve 12 is opened, and the hydrogen gas sealed in the cathode 24 from the force sword 24 is sucked by the sealing gas discharge pump 8 and discharged into the atmosphere. When the pressure sword 24 is depressurized to a predetermined degree, the on-off valve 12 is closed, and then the sealing gas discharge pump 8 is stopped.
- the three-way valve 9 is switched so that the oxidant gas supply path 53 communicates.
- the pressure sword 24 is depressurized to a predetermined degree by, for example, providing a pressure sensor on the force sword 24 and detecting the control device 7 through the pressure sensor.
- the on-off valve 12 of the oxidant gas supply path 53 is opened, and oxidant gas (air) is introduced from the air supply device 4 to the force sword 24.
- the on-off valve 13 of the oxidant gas discharge passage 54 As a result, the oxidant gas is continuously supplied from the air supply device 4 to the power sword 24 (step S13). In this way, by supplying the air to the force sword 24 after sucking and discharging the hydrogen gas sealed in the force sword 24, the non-catalytic combustion due to the mixing of the hydrogen gas and air is prevented, and the force is reduced. Air can be supplied to Sword 24.
- the resistance value of the start / stop resistor 6 is gradually decreased, whereby the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is gradually increased.
- the load switching circuit 5 disconnects the start / stop resistor 6 from the electrical output terminals 2a, 2b of the fuel cell 2, and instead, the load 15 and the battery 14 are connected. It is connected between the electrical output terminals 2a and 2b of the fuel cell 2.
- the start-up mode ends and the fuel cell power generator 1 shifts to the power generation state (power generation mode) (step S14).
- the anode 23 and the force sword 24 of the fuel cell 2 are separated from the materials of the catalyst layers 29 and 31 during the stop period of the fuel cell power generator 1. It is maintained at a potential determined by the fuel gas which is each atmosphere.
- platinum is used as the material of the anode catalyst layer 29
- platinum is used as the material of the catalyst layer 31 of the force sword 24
- pure hydrogen gas is used as the fuel gas. Is not limited to this configuration.
- platinum is used as the material of the catalyst layer 29 of the anode 23 and the catalyst layer 31 of the force sword 24, respectively, and the fuel cell is used as the fuel gas and the oxidant gas. It is preferable to use the one whose open circuit voltage of 2 is OV or more and 0.85V or less. When the open-circuit voltage exceeds 0.85V, platinum becomes oxidized and is easily dissolved. Therefore, when such a condition is satisfied, the materials of the catalyst layers 29 and 31 are suppressed from being oxidized and eluted into the polymer electrolyte membrane 22 while the fuel cell 2 is stopped. This is because the deterioration of the catalyst performance of the catalyst layers 29 and 31 due to repeated reduction and reduction can be suppressed, and the life of the fuel cell 2 can be extended under the frequent start-stop operation.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell power generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.
- an inert gas supply device (inert gas supply device) 62 is provided as a replacement gas supply means, and when the operation of the fuel cell power generator 1 is stopped, A mixed gas of fuel gas and inert gas is sealed in the anode and power sword of the fuel cell 2.
- inert gas supply device inert gas supply device
- the inert gas supply device 62 stores N gas as the inert gas here.
- the inert gas supply device 62 can supply an inert gas to the anode of the fuel cell 2 through the first inert gas supply path 65 in which an on-off valve 63 is provided in the middle, and in the middle An inert gas can be supplied to the power sword of the fuel cell 2 through the second inert gas supply path 66 in which the open / close valve 64 is provided.
- the on-off valve 63 is opened in step S4 of Fig. 3, and the inert gas is supplied from the inert gas supply device 62 to the inert gas supply path. Then, the mixed gas of the inert gas and the hydrogen gas from the fuel source 3 is supplied to the anode, and then the on-off valve 63 is closed together with the on-off valves 10 and 11, thereby mixing the mixture. Gas is sealed to the anode.
- step S5 the on-off valve 64 is opened, and the inert gas is sent from the inert gas supply device 62 to the inert gas supply path 66, whereby the sealing gas supply path is connected from the inert gas and the fuel source 3.
- the mixed gas with the hydrogen gas supplied through 55 is supplied to the power sword, and then the on-off valve 12 and 16 and the on-off valve 64 are closed to seal the mixed gas in the power sword.
- the present invention is similarly applied to a fuel cell power generator for other uses. can do.
- a fuel cell power generator used as an emergency power source includes a hydrogen cylinder as a fuel source
- the use of the fuel cell power generator of Embodiment 1 for this eliminates the need for a replacement inert gas. Are particularly suitable.
- the force discharged from the force sword by the pump 8 at the start of the fuel cell power generator 1 by the pump 8 is replaced by a predetermined purge gas in the force sword.
- a predetermined purge gas for example, an inert gas
- an inert gas is supplied and the cathode is sealed! / Purging gas can be purged.
- the fuel cell power generator of the present invention is useful as a fuel cell power generator used in electric vehicles and the like.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004296883 | 2004-10-08 | ||
| JP2004-296883 | 2004-10-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006040999A1 true WO2006040999A1 (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/018526 Ceased WO2006040999A1 (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2005-10-06 | 燃料電池発電装置 |
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| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2006040999A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008097836A (ja) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電池寿命判定装置 |
| JP2008177161A (ja) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-31 | Gm Global Technology Operations Inc | 燃料電池スタックを動作させる方法 |
| JP2008177162A (ja) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-31 | Gm Global Technology Operations Inc | 水素/窒素の格納によって始動及び停止に起因した燃料電池の劣化を緩和する方法 |
| WO2010031601A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-25 | Belenos Clean Power Holding Ag | Method of shut-down and starting of a fuel cell |
| EP2202834A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-30 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd | Fuell cell system and method of starting fuel cell system |
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| JP2005093115A (ja) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電装置とその運転方法 |
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| JPS5975569A (ja) * | 1982-10-21 | 1984-04-28 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池の保管方法 |
| JPS59149668A (ja) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-27 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
| JPH06333586A (ja) * | 1993-05-20 | 1994-12-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池の停止方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008097836A (ja) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電池寿命判定装置 |
| JP2008177161A (ja) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-31 | Gm Global Technology Operations Inc | 燃料電池スタックを動作させる方法 |
| JP2008177162A (ja) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-31 | Gm Global Technology Operations Inc | 水素/窒素の格納によって始動及び停止に起因した燃料電池の劣化を緩和する方法 |
| US8492046B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2013-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of mitigating fuel cell degradation due to startup and shutdown via hydrogen/nitrogen storage |
| WO2010031601A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-25 | Belenos Clean Power Holding Ag | Method of shut-down and starting of a fuel cell |
| JP2012509552A (ja) * | 2008-09-17 | 2012-04-19 | ベレノス・クリーン・パワー・ホールディング・アーゲー | 燃料電池の起動及び停止方法 |
| US9413020B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2016-08-09 | Belenos Clean Power Holding Ag | Method of shut-down and starting of a fuel cell |
| EP2202834A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-30 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd | Fuell cell system and method of starting fuel cell system |
| US8415062B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2013-04-09 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd | Fuel cell system and method of starting fuel cell system |
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