WO2005124440A1 - 液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005124440A1 WO2005124440A1 PCT/JP2005/011308 JP2005011308W WO2005124440A1 WO 2005124440 A1 WO2005124440 A1 WO 2005124440A1 JP 2005011308 W JP2005011308 W JP 2005011308W WO 2005124440 A1 WO2005124440 A1 WO 2005124440A1
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- liquid crystal
- alignment
- alignment film
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- barrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and particularly to a liquid crystal display device using a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal.
- liquid crystal display elements have been widely used as display devices.
- the liquid crystal display element is an active matrix drive type TFT-TN using a TFT (thin film transistor) substrate having a switching element for each pixel.
- TFT thin film transistor
- IPS mode, MVA mode, etc. have been developed in order to improve the narrow viewing angle, which has been a drawback of liquid crystal display devices, and display of mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs, and display of personal computers.
- the market is expanding from monitors to LCD TV monitors. For example, when used as a TV monitor, one of the problems is that when displaying a moving image, the response speed of the liquid crystal is slow. In some cases, high-speed driving became a major issue.
- ferroelectric liquid crystals have spontaneous polarization and can respond at high speed.
- Ferroelectric liquid crystals have two stable states when a non-electric field is applied as proposed by Clark and Lager Poul et al., And bistable liquid crystals having memory properties are widely known.
- a liquid crystal display device for displaying a moving image by driving has been developed.
- the upper and lower substrates, which use such a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal are joined by a pair of substrates via a stripe-shaped partition structure, and the direction of the uniaxial alignment process and the direction of the partition are substantially parallel.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 A liquid crystal display or the like in which a liquid crystal is sealed in a minute space formed by the method has been reported (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Non-Patent Document 1 This monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal usually uses a liquid crystal substance that undergoes a phase transition from a cholesteric phase to a direct force, i.e., an irradismetic C phase (SmC *), without going through a smectic A phase. I do. However, when such a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal is used, a region (double domain) having a different layer normal direction is generated, and there is a problem that the display is inverted in black and white during driving.
- a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal when such a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal is used, a region (double domain) having a different layer normal direction is generated, and there is a problem that the display is inverted in black and white during driving.
- Non-Patent Document 2 As a method of eliminating such a double domain and converting it to a monodomain, an electric field is applied by injecting liquid crystal into a cell gap, increasing the temperature to a cholesteric (Ch) phase or higher, and applying a DC voltage to decrease the temperature.
- the slow cooling method (Non-Patent Document 2) is known.
- Patent Document 4 As another method for obtaining a monodomain, there is known a method in which one of upper and lower alignment films is provided with an alignment film subjected to a rubbing treatment and the other is provided with an alignment film subjected to a photo-alignment treatment. I have.
- a method of bringing a ferroelectric liquid crystal into a monostable state for example, a small amount of a polymerizable monomer and Z or an oligomer are added to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the polymerization is performed while applying a direct current or alternating current electric field.
- a polymer stabilization method Patent Document 5 is known.
- Patent document 1 JP-A-7-318912
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-7-159792
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2000-66176
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-5223
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9 211463
- Non-patent document l Liquid Crystals, 1999, Vol. 26, No. ll, 1599-1602
- Non-Patent Document 2 J. Appl. Phys., 1986, Vol. 59, No. 7, 2355-2360
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a liquid crystal display device including a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal in a uniform monodomain orientation and in a cell gap. I do.
- the present invention provides a monostable state having a pair of substrates provided with an alignment film on at least one substrate and having a chiral smectic C phase injected between the substrates.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer having a liquid crystal material and an electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of barriers are provided in the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal substance is a molecule in a monostable state.
- the direction is substantially the same as the direction in which the barrier extends.
- the difference between the molecular direction in the monostable state of the liquid crystal material and the direction in which the barrier extends is in the range of 0 to 5 °.
- the pitch between the adjacent barriers is in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm.
- the alignment film is configured to be a film to which anisotropy has been imparted by a rubbing treatment or a photo-alignment treatment.
- the barrier is configured to occupy 50 to 100% of the distance between the substrates.
- a plurality of barriers are present in the liquid crystal layer, and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material in the monostable state is substantially the same as the direction in which the barrier extends, so that the liquid crystal layer is aligned.
- a mono-domain oriented monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal layer with few defects and high quality image display Becomes possible. Also, even if the pitch of the barriers is increased, the above-mentioned effect is achieved, so that line-like defects on the display screen due to the obstacles can be reduced, and the deterioration of image quality can be suppressed. It is.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a field sequential type liquid crystal display device as an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the liquid crystal display device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a field-sequential type liquid crystal display device as an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the liquid crystal display device of the present invention shown in FIG. FIG.
- a liquid crystal display element 1 has a pixel electrode substrate 2 and a common electrode substrate 3 disposed opposite to each other, and a cell formed between the two substrates.
- a backlight 6 is provided outside the pixel electrode substrate 2 with a liquid crystal layer 4 made of a liquid crystal substance injected into the gap.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view from the common electrode substrate 3 side, and shows a state in which the common electrode substrate 3 is removed except for a barrier 5 described later.
- FIG. 2 shows an orientation film 17 of the pixel electrode substrate 2 described later.
- the pixel electrode substrate 2 includes a polarizing film 12 on one surface of a base material 11, a pixel electrode 13 on the other surface, and a TFT (thin film transistor) 14 as a switching element connected to the pixel electrode 13.
- a scanning line 15 and a signal line 16 connected to the TFT 14 are provided, and an alignment film 17 is provided so as to cover them.
- the common electrode substrate 3 includes a polarizing film 22 on one surface of a substrate 21 and a common electrode 23 on the other surface, and a plurality of barriers 5 extending at a pitch P on the common electrode 23; And a directing membrane 24.
- the plurality of barriers 5 extend in parallel with the signal line 16 (the direction of arrow a in FIG. 2), and the extending direction is substantially the same as the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material in the monostable state. .
- Examples of the base materials 11 and 21 include transparent rigid materials having no flexibility such as quartz glass, Nilex glass, and synthetic quartz plates, or transparent resin films and optical resin plates.
- a transparent flexible material having flexibility or a composite material of these materials can be used.
- the thickness of the base materials 11 and 21 can be set in consideration of the material, the use condition of the liquid crystal display element, and the like, and can be, for example, about 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
- the pixel electrode 13 and the common electrode 23 are made of indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO), or an alloy thereof using a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, a CVD method, or the like. It can be formed by the general film forming method described above. The thickness of such an electrode can be appropriately set in the range of 0.05-0.2 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned alignment films 17 and 24 are subjected to a uniaxial alignment treatment, and the pixel electrode substrate 2 and the common electrode substrate 3 are arranged such that the alignment directions of the respective alignment films 17 and 24 are substantially parallel to each other. Is facing.
- the uniaxial alignment treatment of the alignment films 17 and 24 is preferably a photo-alignment treatment that can be performed by either photo-alignment treatment or rubbing treatment. This is because the photo-alignment treatment is a non-contact alignment treatment, which is useful in that it can control quantitatively the alignment treatment without generating static electricity and dust.
- a film provided with anisotropy by photo-alignment treatment is obtained by irradiating a substrate coated with a material for an alignment film with light with controlled polarization to cause a photoexcitation reaction (decomposition, isomerization, dimerization).
- a photoexcitation reaction decomposition, isomerization, dimerization
- the alignment film to be subjected to the light directing treatment is not particularly limited as long as it has an effect of irradiating light and causing a photoexcitation reaction to orient the liquid crystal substance (photoaligning property).
- Such alignment films include a photoreactive type alignment film that gives anisotropy to the alignment film by generating a large photoreaction and a photoisomerization type film that gives anisotropy to the alignment film by generating a photoisomerization reaction. And a dani type alignment film.
- the photoreactive alignment film imparts anisotropy to the alignment film by generating a photoreaction.
- the photoreactive type alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it has such properties, but imparts anisotropy to the alignment film by generating a photodimerization reaction or a photolysis reaction. It is preferred to be something.
- the photodimerization reaction is a reaction in which two molecules are polymerized by radical polymerization of a reaction site oriented in the polarization direction by light irradiation. This reaction stabilizes the orientation in the polarization direction by this reaction. Can be given anisotropy.
- the photodecomposition reaction is a reaction of decomposing a molecular chain of polyimide or the like oriented in the polarization direction by light irradiation.This reaction leaves a molecular chain oriented in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction by this reaction and leaves the orientation film on the orientation film. Anisotropy can be imparted.
- the photoreactive type alignment film it is more preferable to use a photodimerization type alignment film which imparts anisotropy to the alignment film by a photodimerization reaction because the exposure sensitivity is high and the range of material selection is wide. .
- the photodimerization type alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it can impart anisotropy to the alignment film by the photodimerization reaction. It is preferred to use a dichroic direactive compound having a group and having dichroism in which the absorption differs depending on the polarization direction. This is because the radical polymerization of the reaction site oriented in the polarization direction stabilizes the orientation of the photodimerization-reactive compound and can easily impart anisotropy to the alignment film.
- cesic acid ester is used as a side chain.
- coumarin, quinoline, chalcone groups and cinnamoyl groups examples include dimer di-reactive polymers having at least one selected reactive site.
- the dimer-reactive polymer is preferably a dimer-reactive polymer containing, as a side chain, carboxylic acid ester, coumarin or quinoline. This is because the double bond of the ⁇ , j8 unsaturated ketone oriented in the polarization direction becomes a reaction site and undergoes radical polymerization, whereby anisotropy can be easily imparted to the alignment film.
- the main chain of the dimer reactive polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is generally known as a polymer main chain, and the main chain of the above-mentioned side chain such as an aromatic hydrocarbon group may be used. It is preferable that the compound does not have a substituent containing a large number of ⁇ electrons which hinders the interaction between the reaction sites.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the dimerization-reactive polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5,000 to 40,000, and is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 20,000. Is more preferred.
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured by a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. If the weight average molecular weight of the dimerization reactive polymer is too small, it may not be possible to impart an appropriate anisotropy to the alignment film. On the other hand, if it is too large, the viscosity of the coating liquid for an alignment film becomes high, and it may be difficult to form a uniform coating film.
- a dimerization reactive polymer represented by the following general formula (1) can be used as the photodimerization type alignment film.
- 1 and ⁇ each independently represent a monomer unit of a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- ethylene, acrylates, methacrylates, 2-chloro examples thereof include loatalylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-chloroacrylamide, a styrene derivative, a maleic acid derivative, and siloxane.
- the M 2 acrylonitrile, main Takuriro nitrile, Metatarireto, methyl methacrylate Tali rate, hydroxyalkyl Atari rate or may be a hydroxyalkyl meth Tari rate.
- n represents an integer of 43,000.
- D 1 and D 2 represent spacer units.
- R 2 is a group represented by —A— (Z 1 B) —Z 3 .
- a and B each independently have a covalent single bond, pyridine 2,5 diinole, pyrimidine 2,5 diinole, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3 dioxane 2,5 diyl, or a substituent.
- 1, 4 represents phenylene which may be used.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a covalent single bond, CH—CH CH O——OCH
- R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group
- z 3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, nitro, or halogen.
- z is an integer of 04.
- C represents a photodimerization reaction site and includes, for example, cinnamate, coumarin, quinoline, chalcone group, cinnamoyl group and the like.
- j and k are each independently 0 or 1.
- dimerization-reactive polymers represented by the above general formula (1) more preferred are
- R 11 represents —A 1 — (Z 11 —B 1 ) —Z 12 , and A 1 and B 1 t
- Z 11 and Z 12 each independently represent a single covalent bond, CH—CH—, —CH O—,
- — Represents COO or — OOC.
- t is an integer from 0 to 4.
- n is an integer from 4 to 30,000.
- photodimerization-reactive compound various photodimerization-reactive sites and substituents can be selected from the above, depending on the required characteristics.
- optical dimerization reactive conjugate may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the material of the photodimerization type alignment film include “ROP102” and “ROP103” manufactured by Rolic technologies. Further, as a material of a photoreactive alignment film utilizing a photodecomposition reaction, for example, polyimide “RN1199” manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. can be mentioned.
- the photoisomerizable alignment film imparts anisotropy to the alignment film by causing a photoisomerization reaction.
- a photo-isomer type alignment film if it has such characteristics
- a photoisomerization-reactive conjugate By using such a photoisomerization-reactive conjugate, light irradiation increases stable isomers among a plurality of isomers, thereby easily giving anisotropy to the alignment film. Because it can be.
- the photoisomerization-reactive compound is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics.However, it has dichroism in which the absorption differs depending on the polarization direction, and It is preferably one that causes a photoisomerization reaction. Anisotropy can be easily imparted to the alignment film by causing isomerization of the reaction site oriented in the polarization direction of the photoisomerization reactive compound having such properties. Because.
- the photoisomerization reaction that produces the photoisomerization reactivity is preferably a cis-trans isomerization reaction. This is because the light irradiation increases the number of isomers, either cis- or trans-, which can impart anisotropy to the alignment film.
- examples of the photoisomerization-reactive compound include a monomolecular compound and a polymerizable monomer that is polymerized by light or heat. These may be appropriately selected according to the type of the liquid crystal substance to be used.However, the anisotropy is imparted to the alignment film by light irradiation and then polymerized to stabilize the anisotropy. Therefore, it is preferable to use a polymerizable monomer. Among such polymerizable monomers, after imparting anisotropy to the alignment film, they can be easily polymerized while maintaining the anisotropy in a good state. Is preferred.
- the monomer may be a monofunctional monomer or a polyfunctional monomer.Since the anisotropy of the alignment film due to polymerization becomes more stable, the difunctional monomer is used. It is preferable that
- photoisomerization-reactive conjugate examples include compounds having a cis-trans-isomerization-reactive skeleton such as an azobenzene skeleton and a styrben skeleton.
- the number of cis-trans isomerization-reactive skeletons contained in the molecule may be one or two or more.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal material is easily controlled, Preferably, there are two.
- the cis-trans isomerization reactive skeleton is placed to further enhance the interaction with the liquid crystal substance. It may have a substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it can enhance the interaction with the liquid crystal substance and does not hinder the alignment of the cis-trans isomerism-reactive skeleton. Examples include sodium acid group and hydroxyl group. These structures can be appropriately selected according to the type of the liquid crystal substance used.
- ⁇ -electrons such as aromatic hydrocarbon groups are further included in the molecule so as to further enhance the interaction with the liquid crystal substance.
- the cis-trans isomerization-reactive skeleton which may have a group contained in a large amount, and the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be bonded via a bonding group.
- the bonding group is not particularly limited as long as it can enhance the interaction with the liquid crystal substance. For example, COO—, one OCO, one hundred one, one C ⁇ C one, —CH—CH one, and —CH O, one OCH— etc.
- the compound When a polymerizable monomer is used as the photoisomerization-reactive compound, the compound preferably has the cis-trans isomerization-reactive skeleton as a side chain.
- the cis-transomer isomer-reactive reactive skeleton By having the above-mentioned cis-transomer isomer-reactive reactive skeleton as a side chain, the effect of anisotropy imparted to the alignment film becomes greater, which is particularly suitable for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal material. That's why.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the bonding group contained in the above-described molecule are included in the side chain together with the cis-trans isomerization reactive skeleton so as to enhance the interaction with the liquid crystal substance. Is preferred.
- the side chain of the polymerizable monomer may have an aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkylene group as a spacer so that the cis-trans isomerization reactive skeleton is easily oriented.
- the photoisomerization-reactive compound is preferably a compound having an azobenzene skeleton in the molecule.
- the azobenzene skeleton contains a large amount of ⁇ electrons, and is particularly suitable for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal material, which has a high interaction with the liquid crystal material.
- the azobenzene skeleton causes the photoisomerization reaction to impart anisotropy to the alignment film.
- the azobenzene skeleton is irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light. Then, as shown in the following formula, the azobenzene skeleton force of the trans-form is changed to the cis-form in which the major axis of the molecule is oriented in the polarization direction.
- the cis-form of the azobenzene skeleton is chemically unstable as compared with the trans-form, so that it returns to the trans-form by thermally or absorbing visible light. It becomes the same probability whether it becomes a transformer body of the right power. Therefore, when the ultraviolet light is continuously absorbed, the ratio of the trans form on the right side increases, and the average orientation direction of the azobenzene skeleton becomes perpendicular to the polarization direction of the ultraviolet light. By utilizing this phenomenon, the alignment direction of the azobenzene skeleton can be aligned, the anisotropy can be imparted to the alignment film, and the alignment of the liquid crystal material on the film can be controlled.
- a monomolecular compound having an azobenzene skeleton in a molecule represented by the following general formula (2) can be used.
- 1 represents each independently a hydroxy group.
- P — — represents a linking group represented by (A & 1 — B 51 — A 51 ) — (D 51 ) — and R 53 is (D 51 ) — (A 51 — B 51 — A 51
- a 51 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group
- B 51 represents —O one, one COO—, one OCO—, one CONH—, one NHCO—, one NHCOO— or one O CONH—
- m Represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- D 51 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group when m is 0, and when m is an integer of 1 to 3, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —N HCO—, —NHCOO— or —OCONH—, and n represents 0 or 1.
- R independently represents a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a methyl halide group, a halogenated methoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methoxy group or a methoxycarbyl group.
- the carboxy group may form a salt with the alkali metal.
- R 55 each independently represents a carboxy group, a sulfo group, a nitro group, an amino group or a hydroxy group.
- the carboxy group or the sulfo group may form a salt with an alkali metal.
- Examples of the monomolecular compound having an azobenzene skeleton in the molecule represented by the general formula (2) include those represented by the following structural formulas 5 to 8.
- photoisomer alignment film for example, a polymerizable monomer having an azobenzene skeleton represented by the following general formula (3) as a side chain can be used.
- R ′′ is each independently a (meth) atalyloyloxy group, (meth) acrylamide group, buroxy group, buroxycarbol group, Iluminocarbyl group, bi-iminocarboxyloxy group, butyl group, isopropyloxyloxy group, isopropyloxyloxyloxyl group, isopropylyliminoyloxyl group, isopropylyliminoyloxycarbonyl group, isopropenylyl group
- R 62 represents a linking group represented by — (A 61 —B 6 and A 61 ) — (D 61 ) —
- R 63 represents (D 61 ) — (A 61 —B 61 — a 61) - represents a linking group represented by mnnm here, a 61 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group, B 61 is -.
- O -, - COO-, one OCO-, one CONH-, one NHCO -. represents an NHCOO- or a OCON H-
- m is D 61 represents an integer of 0 to 3 is a divalent hydrocarbon group when m is 0 It represents one O- and when m is an integer of 1 to 3, One COO-, One OCO-, One CONH-, One NHCO -, - NHCOO- or -.
- R 64 independently represents a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a methyl halide group, a halogenomethoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methoxy group or a methoxycarbol group, provided that the carboxy group is an alkali
- R 65 may each independently represent a carboxy group, a sulfo group, a nitro group, an amino group or a hydroxy group, provided that R 65 represents a salt with an alkali metal.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer having the azobenzene skeleton represented by the above general formula (3) as a side chain include those represented by the following structural formulas 9 to 12.
- photoisomerization-reactive compound among the above-described compounds, a variety of trans-isomerization-reactive skeletons and substituents can be selected in accordance with required characteristics. These photoisomerization-reactive compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alignment film to be subjected to the photo-alignment treatment may include a carotenoid additive within a range that does not hinder the optical alignment of the alignment film.
- the additive include a polymerization initiator and a polymerization inhibitor.
- the polymerization initiator or polymerization inhibitor may be appropriately selected from commonly known compounds depending on the type of the photodimerization-reactive compound or the photoisomerization-reactive compound, and used.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator or the polymerization inhibitor may be in the range of 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight based on the photodimerization reactive compound or the photoisomerization reactive compound. More preferably, it is within the range of 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the alignment film provided with anisotropy by the photo-alignment treatment is, for example, coated with a coating liquid for an alignment film obtained by diluting the above-described alignment film material with an organic solvent, and then drying it. It can be formed by processing.
- the content of the photodimerization-reactive compound in the coating liquid for the alignment film is preferably in the range of 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight, and 0.2% by weight to 2% by weight. More preferably, it is within the range. Further, the content of the photoisomerization-reactive compound in the coating solution for the alignment film is preferably in the range of 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight, and in the range of 0.2% by weight to 5% by weight. More preferably, it is within. If the content is too small, it is difficult to impart an appropriate anisotropy to the alignment film.On the other hand, if the content is too large, the viscosity of the coating solution becomes high, so that it is difficult to form a uniform coating film. .
- a spin coating method As a coating method, a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a rod bar coating method, a spray coating method, an air knife coating method, a slot die coating method, a wire bar coating method, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the film obtained by applying the alignment film material is Inn! It is more preferably in the range of from 200 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably in the range of from 3 nm to 100 nm. If the thickness of the film is too small, sufficient optical alignment may not be obtained. Conversely, if the thickness is too large, the liquid crystal material may be disturbed in alignment, and cost is not preferred.
- the wavelength range of the light to be irradiated may be appropriately selected according to the material of the alignment film to be used, but within the range of the ultraviolet light range, that is, ⁇ ! It is more preferably within the range of ⁇ 400 nm, more preferably 250 ⁇ ! 380 nm.
- the polarization direction is not particularly limited as long as it can cause a photoexcitation reaction.However, since the orientation state of the liquid crystal material can be improved, the polarization direction is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. Preferably, there is.
- the photo-alignment treatment can be performed by irradiating non-polarized ultraviolet oblique light.
- the direction of light irradiation is not particularly limited as long as it can cause a photoexcitation reaction.
- the direction of light irradiation is oblique to the substrate surface. It is more preferable to be in the range of 0 ° to 45 °, and it is more preferable to be in the range of 30 ° to 45 °.
- the angle is most preferably 45 °.
- the above-mentioned polymerizable monomer when used as the photoisomerization-reactive compound, after performing photo-alignment treatment, the polymer is polymerized by heating, and the anisotropy imparted to the alignment film is imparted. Can be stabilized.
- the alignment films 17 and 24 may be the same alignment film, for example, an alignment film that has been subjected to photo-alignment treatment.
- An alignment film (an alignment film using a different material and Z or an alignment treatment method) may be used, and among them, the alignment films 17 and 24 are preferably different alignment films.
- the liquid crystal display since the liquid crystal material is aligned by the alignment regulating force of the alignment film without using the electric field application slow cooling method, the liquid crystal display has excellent alignment stability, which is less likely to cause alignment disturbance due to a temperature rise above the phase transition point. It can be an element.
- the alignment films 17 and 24 are different alignment films, as described above, for example, the alignment films may be formed using different materials or different alignment treatment methods.
- the film and the other can be a rubbed alignment film, or one can be a photodimerization alignment film and the other can be a photoisomerization alignment film.
- the alignment film is a photodimerization type alignment film
- various types of the photodimerization reactive polymer described above it is possible to obtain an alignment film using different materials.
- the composition of the material can be changed by changing the amount of the additive.
- various cis-trans isomerization-reactive skeletons and substituents are selected from the photoisomerization-reactive compounds described above according to required characteristics. This makes it possible to form an alignment film using different materials.
- the composition of the material can be changed by changing the amount of the additive.
- liquid crystal display element of the present invention may be provided with an alignment film on one of the V and the shift of the pixel electrode substrate 2 and the common electrode substrate 3.
- the barrier 5 extended on the common electrode 23 of the common electrode substrate 3 is This is a member for making the alignment of the liquid crystal substance injected into the cell gap formed between the electrode substrate 3 and the electrode substrate 3 uniform.
- the difference between the direction in which the barrier 5 extends and the molecular direction in the monostable state of the liquid crystal material is preferably in the range of 0 to 5 °.
- the pitch P between the adjacent barriers 5 can be in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably 0.8 to 2.5 mm.
- the width W of the barrier 5 is preferably small in consideration of the aperture ratio, but when the barrier 5 is also used as a spacer, if it is too narrow, it will not function strongly.
- the width W of the barrier 5 can be appropriately set in the range of, for example, 5 to 30 / ⁇ in consideration of the function of the barrier 5. If the pitch ⁇ of the barrier 5 is less than 0.5 mm, the number of line-like defects on the display screen caused by the barrier 5 increases, and the image quality deteriorates. If the pitch ⁇ exceeds 3 mm, the injected liquid crystal increases. Uniform orientation of the material becomes difficult.
- the height of the barrier 5 can be set in accordance with the set value of the cell gap (distance between the substrates) between the pixel electrode substrate 2 and the common electrode substrate 3, and the height of the cell gap 50 to 50 : Can be set to be LOO%.
- the height of the barrier 5 is less than 50% of the cell gap, the liquid crystal layer 4 in which alignment defects easily occur cannot be a uniform monodomain oriented ferroelectric liquid crystal layer.
- a spacer such as a bead or a columnar protrusion may be provided between the substrates.
- the height of the barrier 5 can be set to 100% of the cell gap, and the spacer 5 can also function as a spacer.
- the relationship between the position and the size of the pixel electrode 13 and the like and the barrier 5 is shown for the sake of convenience.
- the force of one barrier 5 extending in the direction of arrow a for every four arrangements of the pixel electrodes 13 For example, the arrangement pitch of the pixel electrodes 13 is 128 ⁇ m, and the pitch P of the barriers 5 is 1 In the case of 5 mm, one barrier 5 exists every approximately 12 pixel electrodes 13 arranged.
- the barrier 5 can be formed by a known method such as a 2P (Photo Polymerization) method or a photolithography method.
- a 2P method for example, ethylene glycol (meta) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meta) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) ate Rate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexane glycol Luji (meta) acrylate, neopentyl dalichol di (meta) acrylate, glycerin di (meta) acrylate, glycerin tridi (meta) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, 1, 4-butane Diol diatalylate, pentaerythritol (meth) atalylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth)
- Mold poly Applying a over or the like is formed on the substrate 21, the ultraviolet cured by irradiating while crimping an original for the barrier formation of the coating film, then forming a barrier 5 by peeling the original.
- a material as exemplified in the above-described 2P method is applied on the base material 21, the applied film is exposed through a desired photomask for forming a barrier, and then developed. To form a barrier 5.
- the above-mentioned (meta) acrylate refers to atalylate or metatarylate.
- the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 4 constituting the liquid crystal display element 1 is injected into the cell gap in a liquid phase, and for example, undergoes a phase transition from a cholesteric phase directly to a chiral smectic C phase (SmC *) without passing through a smectic A phase It was done.
- the phase series of the liquid crystal is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits a chiral metastatic C phase (SmC *).
- the liquid crystal substance is a nematic phase, a cholesteric phase, and an iranolesmectic C phase ( SmC *) or a phase transition with a nematic phase-chiral smectic C phase (SmC *) and not via a smectic A phase is preferable.
- a liquid crystal material that exhibits monostable and does not pass through the smectic A phase it can be driven by an active matrix method using TFTs, and gradation control can be performed by voltage modulation, and high definition is achieved. It is a cara that can realize high-quality display.
- the liquid crystal material operates only when a positive or negative voltage is applied.
- HV-shaped switching By using a liquid crystal material exhibiting such HV-shaped switching characteristics, the opening time of a black-and-white shutter can be made sufficiently long. Thereby, each color that can be temporally switched can be displayed brighter, and a liquid crystal display device with a bright color display can be realized.
- the “HV-shaped switching characteristic” refers to an electro-optical characteristic in which light transmittance with respect to an applied voltage is asymmetric.
- a liquid crystal material that directly undergoes a phase transition from a cholesteric phase to a chiral smectic C phase (SmC *) without passing through a smectic A phase is suitable as exhibiting HV-shaped switching characteristics.
- Specific examples of such a liquid crystal material include “R2301” and “FELIX-3206” sold by AZ Electronic Materials.
- the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material in the monostable state is substantially parallel to the extending direction of the barrier 5, and preferably, the difference between the molecular direction and the extending direction of the barrier 5 is in a range of 0 to 5 °.
- the liquid crystal material assumes a monostable state in which the molecular axis is uniformly monodomain aligned in a state where no electric field is applied.
- the case where the area of the region having the same layer normal direction occupies 95% or more of the entire area is referred to as “uniformly monodomain oriented monostable state”.
- the direction of the uniaxial alignment of the alignment films 17 and 24 is appropriately set according to the liquid crystal substance to be used. do it.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is preferably in the range of 1.2 / zm to 3.0 m, more preferably in the range of 1.3 m to 2.5 / zm, More preferably, it is in the range of 1.4 m to 2.0 m. If the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is smaller than the above range, the contrast may be lowered. On the other hand, if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is larger than the above range, the liquid crystal substance may be less likely to be oriented.
- the backlight 6 constituting the liquid crystal display element 1 is provided with, for example, a plurality of LEDs emitting red (R), green (G), and blue (B) so as to face the pixel electrode substrate 2.
- a light diffusing plate can be arranged between these and the pixel electrode substrate 2.
- only the light diffusing plate is arranged so as to face the pixel electrode substrate 2, and the R, G, and B LEDs are arranged at the side ends of the light diffusing plate via a light guide plate.
- the barrier 5 is provided on the common electrode 23 of the common electrode substrate 3, but may be provided on the pixel electrode 13 of the pixel electrode substrate 2 or the like.
- the extending direction of the barrier 5 (the direction of the arrow a in FIG. 2) is parallel to the signal line 16, The barrier 5 may be extended to cross at the desired angle.
- a predetermined amount of the liquid crystal substance is dropped in the liquid phase on the common electrode substrate 3 on which the barrier 5 is formed.
- it may be formed by bonding the pixel electrode substrate 2 in a vacuum.
- the height of the barrier 5 to less than 100% or more than 50% of the cell gap, it is possible to control the total amount of the liquid crystal material to be dropped only within the individual area defined by each barrier. It is not necessary to control the mass of the liquid crystal material to be dropped, and the process control becomes easy.
- R, G, and B are used as individual light sources (LEDs) as knock lights.
- LEDs individual light sources
- light sources capable of emitting light by continuously switching R, G, and B are used as backlights. May be.
- the system of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not limited to the field sequential system, but may be a liquid crystal display device that performs color display using a color filter.
- a reactive liquid crystal layer formed by fixing a reactive liquid crystal may be formed between the alignment film and the liquid crystal layer.
- a reactive liquid crystal is oriented by an alignment film.
- the reactive liquid crystal is polymerized by irradiating ultraviolet rays, and the alignment state is fixed to form a reactive liquid crystal layer.
- the reactive liquid crystal layer is fixed on the alignment film, and the anisotropic liquid crystal layer is given anisotropy by the alignment film. Therefore, the reactive liquid crystal layer serves as an alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal material. Can work.
- the reactive liquid crystal layer is fixed on the alignment film, even if the liquid crystal material is heated to a temperature higher than the phase transition point, alignment disturbance is less likely to occur and alignment stability is excellent.
- the reactive liquid crystal has an advantage that the structure of the reactive liquid crystal is relatively similar to that of the liquid crystal substance and the interaction with the liquid crystal substance is strong, so that the alignment of the liquid crystal substance can be effectively controlled.
- the reactive liquid crystal layer may be formed on either one of the alignment films or on both of the alignment films.
- the reactive liquid crystal layer is formed on one of the alignment films, the liquid crystal material is sandwiched between different layers (the alignment film and the reactive liquid crystal layer). Generation of alignment defects can be effectively suppressed, and monodomain alignment can be obtained.
- the reactive liquid crystal layers are formed on both alignment films, they are used for each of the reactive liquid crystal layers in order to obtain monodomain alignment.
- the materials used are different.
- the reactive liquid crystal preferably exhibits a nematic phase. This is because the nematic phase is relatively easy to control the alignment among the liquid crystal phases.
- the reactive liquid crystal preferably contains a polymerizable liquid crystal material. Thereby, the orientation state of the reactive liquid crystal can be fixed.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal monomer which can use any of a polymerizable liquid crystal monomer, a polymerizable liquid crystal oligomer and a polymerizable liquid crystal polymer is preferably used. This is because the polymerizable liquid crystal monomer can be aligned at a lower temperature and has higher sensitivity at the time of alignment than the polymerizable liquid crystal oligomer or the polymerizable liquid crystal polymer, and can be easily aligned.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable functional group, and examples thereof include a monoacrylate monomer and a diatalylate monomer. Further, these polymerizable liquid crystal monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the monoacrylate monomer include those represented by the following general formulas (4) and (5).
- A, B, D, E and F represent benzene, cyclohexane or pyrimidine, which may have a substituent such as halogen.
- a 21 and B 21 or D 21 and E 21 may be bonded via a bonding group such as an acetylene group, a methylene group, and an ester group.
- M 21 and M 22 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbol group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, or a cyano group. There may be.
- the atalyloyloxy group at the molecular chain end and A 21 or 1 are bonded via a spacer such as an alkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms to! /, Or! /.
- Examples of the diatalylate monomer include those represented by the following structural formulas 13 and 14.
- X and Y represent hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkyloxy having 1 to 20 carbons, and alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons. Cyloxycarbol, formyl, alkylcarbon having 1 to 20 carbons, alkylcarboxyl having 1 to 20 carbons, halogen, cyano or -toro. M represents an integer in the range of 2 to 20.
- X is preferably an alkyloxycarbon having 1 to 20 carbons, methyl or chlorine, and more preferably an alkyloxycarbon having 1 to 20 carbons, particularly CH (CH) OCO. preferable.
- diatalylate monomer for example, those represented by the following structural formula 15 can be mentioned.
- K and m represent 0 or 1
- n represents an integer in the range of 2-8.
- n represents an integer in the range of 2 to 8.
- those represented by structural formulas 13 and 15 are preferably used.
- the reactive liquid crystal containing a diatalylate monomer represented by the above structural formula 15 include, for example, "Adeiki Kiracol PLC-7183” and “Adeiki Kiracol PLC-7209” manufactured by Asahi Den-Dani Kogyo Co., Ltd. Can be mentioned.
- examples of the reactive liquid crystal containing an acrylate polymer include “ROF-5101” and “ROF-5102” manufactured by Rolic technologies.
- a diatalylate monomer is preferable.
- the diatalylate monomer is a polymer that can be easily polymerized while maintaining a good orientation state.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal monomer described above may not itself exhibit a nematic phase.
- These polymerizable liquid crystal monomers may be used as a mixture of two or more kinds as described above, and any composition in which these are mixed, that is, a reactive liquid crystal may exhibit a nematic phase. .
- a photopolymerization initiator or a polymerization inhibitor may be added to the reactive liquid crystal as needed.
- the photopolymerization initiator that can be used in the present invention include benzyl (also referred to as bibenzoyl), benzoin isobutyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzophenone, benzoyl benzoic acid, methyl benzoyl benzoate, and 4-benzoyl benzoate.
- the addition amount of such a photopolymerization initiator is generally 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight. Moisture can be added to the reactive liquid crystal.
- the thickness of the reactive liquid crystal layer is appropriately adjusted according to the desired anisotropy, and can be set, for example, in the range of lnm to 1000nm, and preferably in the range of 3nm to 100nm. Is within. If the thickness of the reactive liquid crystal layer is too large, anisotropy more than necessary occurs, and if the thickness of the reactive liquid crystal layer is too thin, a predetermined anisotropy may not be obtained.
- Such a reactive liquid crystal layer is obtained by applying a reactive liquid crystal layer coating solution containing a reactive liquid crystal on an alignment film, performing an alignment treatment, and fixing the alignment state of the reactive liquid crystal. Can be formed.
- the reactive liquid crystal layer is formed by forming a dry film or the like in advance instead of applying the coating liquid for the reactive liquid crystal layer, and laminating this on the alignment film. May be. From the viewpoint of the simplicity of the manufacturing process, it is preferable to use a method in which a reactive liquid crystal is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a coating liquid for a reactive liquid crystal layer, and this is coated on an alignment film and the solvent is removed. .
- the solvent used for the reactive liquid crystal layer coating solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the reactive liquid crystal and the like and does not inhibit the alignment ability of the alignment film.
- hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, n-butylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, and tetralin
- ethers such as methoxybenzene, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl ether Ketones such as tyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and 2,4-pentanedione
- esters such as ethyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl enoate enorea acetate, propylene glycol olenoethyl ether acetate, and dibutyrolatatone
- Amide solvents such as pyrrol
- solvents preferred as a single solvent are hydrocarbons and dalicol monoether acetate solvents, and preferred as mixed solvents are ethers or ketones and glycol solvents. It is a mixed system.
- the concentration of the coating liquid for the reactive liquid crystal layer cannot be unequivocally defined because it depends on the solubility of the reactive liquid crystal and the thickness of the reactive liquid crystal layer, but it is usually 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 40% by weight. It is adjusted in the range of 20% by weight. If the concentration is lower than the above range, the reactive liquid crystal may be difficult to align.On the other hand, if the concentration is higher than the above range, the viscosity of the coating liquid for the reactive liquid crystal layer increases, so that a uniform coating film is formed. It is also a force that can be “formed”. Further, the following compounds can be added to the above-mentioned coating liquid for a reactive liquid crystal layer as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- polyester (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with a polyester prepolymer obtained by condensing a polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid;
- (Meth) acrylates obtained by reacting a compound having a hydroxyl group and two isocyanate groups with each other and then reacting the reaction product with (meth) acrylic acid; bisphenol A-type epoxy resin , Bisphenol F type epoxy resin, novolak type epoxy resin, polycarboxylic acid polyglycidyl ester, polyol polyglycidyl ether, aliphatic or alicyclic epoxy resin, amine epoxy resin, triphenol methane type epoxy resin Epoxy resin such as dihydroxybenzene type epoxy resin and (meth) acrylic Photopolymerizable I ⁇ product of the epoxy (meth) Atari rate and the like obtained acid by reaction; photopolymerizable liquid crystalline I ⁇ of having an acrylic group Ya Metaku Lil
- the addition amount of these compounds to the reactive liquid crystal is selected within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. Addition of these compounds improves the curability of the reactive liquid crystal, increases the mechanical strength of the resulting reactive liquid crystal layer, and improves its stability.
- Examples of the method for applying such a coating liquid for a reactive liquid crystal layer include spin coating, roll coating, printing, dip coating, die coating, casting, bar coating, blade coating, spray coating, and the like.
- a coating method, a gravure coating method, a reverse coating method, an extrusion coating method and the like can be mentioned.
- the solvent is removed.
- the removal of the solvent is performed by, for example, removal under reduced pressure or removal by heating, or a method combining these. .
- the reactive liquid crystal applied as described above is oriented by an orientation film to have a state having liquid crystal regularity. That is, a nematic phase is developed in the reactive liquid crystal.
- This is usually performed by a method such as a method of performing heat treatment below the NI transition point.
- the NI transition point indicates a temperature at which a transition from a liquid crystal phase to an isotropic phase occurs.
- the reactive liquid crystal contains a polymerizable liquid crystal material.
- a method of irradiating active radiation for activating polymerization is used.
- actinic radiation refers to radiation capable of causing polymerization of a polymerizable liquid crystal material.
- Such actinic radiation is not particularly limited as long as it is a radiation capable of polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal material! /, But usually, ultraviolet light or visible light from the viewpoint of the easiness of the device and the like.
- Irradiation light having a wavelength power Sl of 50 to 500 nm, preferably 250 to 450 nm, and more preferably 300 to 400 nm is used.
- a method in which a photopolymerization initiator generates radicals with ultraviolet rays and the polymerizable liquid crystal material undergoes radical polymerization, and the polymerizable liquid crystal material is irradiated with ultraviolet rays as active radiation is preferable. If there is, you get. This is because the method using ultraviolet rays as the actinic radiation is an established technique, and therefore, it is easy to apply the present invention including the photopolymerization initiator to be used.
- Light sources for this irradiation light include low-pressure mercury lamps (germicidal lamps, fluorescent chemical lamps, black lights), high-pressure discharge lamps (high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps), and short arc discharge lamps (ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, xenon lamps, Mercury xenon lamp). Of these, metal nitride lamps, xenon lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, etc. are recommended.
- the irradiation intensity is adjusted appropriately according to the composition of the reactive liquid crystal and the amount of the photopolymerization initiator.
- Irradiation with such actinic radiation may be performed at a temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal material becomes a liquid crystal phase, or at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal material becomes a liquid crystal phase. The reason is that the alignment state of the polymerizable liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal phase is not suddenly disturbed even if the temperature is lowered thereafter.
- a method for fixing the alignment state of the polymerizable liquid crystal material a method of heating and polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal material can be used in addition to the above-described method of irradiating the active radiation.
- the reactive liquid crystal used in this case it is preferable that the polymerizable liquid crystal monomer contained in the reactive liquid crystal be thermally polymerized below the NI transition point of the reactive liquid crystal.
- an overcoat layer is provided on the TFT 14, the scanning line 15, and the signal line 16 in order to obtain the flatness of the surface in contact with the liquid crystal material. It is preferable to form an alignment film via a layer.
- a transparent (visible light transmittance of 50% or more) material can be used as a material of the overcoat layer.
- a transparent oxidized product such as a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, or a polysiloxane having a reactive butyl group of an acrylate or a metathallate can be used.
- transparent resins there are polymethyl methacrylate, polyatarylate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride vinyl resin, melamine resin, phenol resin.
- Alkyd resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, maleic acid resin, polyamide resin, etc. can be used.
- the overcoat is formed by applying the film by a method such as spin coating, roll coating, or cast coating, and the photocurable resin is necessary after irradiation with ultraviolet light.
- the thermosetting resin is cured as it is after film formation.
- the material to be used is formed into a film, it can be adhered directly or via an adhesive.
- the thickness of such an overcoat layer is preferably set to, for example, 0.1 m or less.
- compounds A represented by the following structural formulas A to D are used as materials for the photodimerization type alignment film.
- Two glass substrates (10.16 mm ⁇ 10.16 mm) each having an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film formed on the surface were prepared.
- a photosensitive resin material (NN780, manufactured by JSR Corporation) is applied on one ITO thin film on the above glass substrate by spin coating (2000 rpm, 10 seconds), dried in a vacuum, and dried in a vacuum. The plate was dried at 90 ° C for 3 minutes. Then, it was puttered in a stripe shape having a width of 10 m and a pitch of 1.5 mm by a photolithography method, and baked at 270 ° C. for 30 minutes. As a result, a barrier with a height of 1.5 m was formed on the ITO thin film on the glass substrate.
- the compound A represented by the structural formula A was dissolved on both the glass substrate on which the barrier was formed as described above and the ITO thin film on which the barrier was formed.
- the thus-prepared coating solution for an alignment film was applied by a spin coating method (4000 rpm, 30 seconds) and dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- photo-alignment treatment was performed by exposure to light with polarized ultraviolet light to form an alignment film.
- this photo-alignment treatment is performed by six kinds of treatments having different orientation directions (the six kinds of irradiation are performed from directions in which the glass substrate is polarized at 5 °, 0 °, 5 °, 15 °, 25 °, and 40 °). Processing) was set.
- a barrier is formed on the periphery of the glass substrate.
- a sealing material is applied to the periphery of the glass substrate, and the relationship with the glass substrate on which the barrier is formed is parallel to the above-described polarized ultraviolet irradiation direction and antiparallel.
- the two substrates were thermocompression bonded to each other so as to be in a state of a metal plate.
- an injection port for injecting liquid crystal into the cell gap between both glass substrates was provided at one end in the direction in which the barrier extends, and a liquid crystal substance (R2301 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials) was attached above this injection port. Then, using a vacuum oven, the material was injected into the cell gap at a temperature 10 to 20 ° C higher than the nematic phase isotropic transition temperature. After the injection, the liquid crystal material was gradually cooled to room temperature.
- Two glass substrates (10.16 mm ⁇ 10.16 mm) each having an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film formed on the surface were prepared.
- a barrier was formed on one ITO thin film on a glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the height of the barrier is set to 0.4 / ⁇ , 0. 8 ⁇ , 1.2 ⁇ , 1.5 / zm
- a liquid crystal layer was formed in the cell gap of both glass substrates in the same manner as in Example 1.
- four types of samples with different barrier heights were prepared.
- the monodomain orientation was extremely uniform (the area occupied by the area having the same layer normal direction was 98%).
- the liquid crystal layer has a double domain alignment ( The area occupied by the same layer normal direction was 60%).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that instead of the coating solution for an alignment film in which the compound A represented by the structural formula A was dissolved, a coating solution for an alignment film in which the compound B represented by the structural formula B was dissolved, The steps up to the formation of the liquid crystal layer in the cell gap were performed. However, in the photo-alignment treatment, conditions were set such that the difference between the direction in which the barrier was extended and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material was 0 °.
- liquid crystal layer formed in the cell gap was a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with uniform monodomain orientation (98% occupied area in the same layer normal direction).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coating liquid for an alignment film in which the compound A represented by the structural formula A was dissolved was used instead of the coating liquid for an alignment film in which the compound A represented by the structural formula A was dissolved, The steps up to the formation of the liquid crystal layer in the cell gap were performed. However, in the photo-alignment treatment, conditions were set such that the difference between the direction in which the barrier was extended and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material was 0 °.
- the liquid crystal layer formed in the cell gap has uniform monodomain alignment (layer normal direction is the same). It was confirmed that the liquid crystal was a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having an area occupying 97%).
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that a coating solution for an alignment film in which a compound D represented by a structural formula D was used instead of the coating solution for an alignment film in which a compound A represented by a structural formula A was dissolved, The steps up to the formation of the liquid crystal layer in the cell gap were performed. However, in the photo-alignment treatment, conditions were set such that the difference between the extending direction of the barrier and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material was 0 °.
- the liquid crystal layer formed in the cell gap was confirmed to be a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with uniform monodomain orientation (the area occupied by the area with the same layer normal direction is 97%).
- Example 1 A glass substrate similar to that of Example 1 was prepared, and a barrier was formed on the ITO thin film of one of the glass substrates in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a coating solution for an alignment film in which the compound A represented by the structural formula A is dissolved is applied on the glass substrate on which the barrier is formed as described above by a spin coating method (4000 rpm, 30 seconds), and the solution is heated in an oven at 180 ° C. After drying at 10 ° C for 10 minutes, the substrate was exposed to 100 mJ of polarized ultraviolet light for photo-alignment treatment.
- a spin-coating method (4000 rpm, 30 seconds) is used to apply a coating solution for an alignment film in which compound B represented by Structural Formula B is dissolved on an ITO thin film on a glass substrate on which no barrier is formed. After drying at 180 ° C.
- the substrate was exposed to polarized ultraviolet light for exposure to light and subjected to a photo-alignment treatment.
- polarized ultraviolet light for exposure to light
- a photo-alignment treatment conditions were set such that the difference between the extending direction of the barrier and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material was 0 °.
- the liquid crystal layer formed in the cell gap was a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with uniform monodomain alignment (the area occupied by the same layer normal direction occupies 98%).
- Example 2 Two glass substrates were prepared as in Example 1, and a barrier having a height of 1. was formed on the ITO thin film of one of the glass substrates in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a coating solution for an alignment film in which compound A represented by the structural formula A is dissolved is applied by spin coating (4000 rpm, 30 seconds) on the ITO thin film on the glass substrate on which the barrier is formed. After drying in a oven at 180 ° C for 10 minutes, the film was exposed to 100 mJ of polarized ultraviolet light for light directing.
- a coating liquid for an alignment film in which compound B represented by the structural formula B is dissolved is applied by spin coating (4000 rpm, 30 seconds) on an ITO thin film on a glass substrate on which no barrier is formed, and the oven is coated with an oven. After drying at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes, the substrate was exposed to 1 OOmi of polarized ultraviolet light for photo alignment treatment. However, in the photo-alignment treatment, conditions were set such that the difference between the extending direction of the barrier and the molecular direction of the liquid crystal material was 0 °.
- Example 2 the steps up to the formation of the liquid crystal layer in the cell gap were performed. It was confirmed that the liquid crystal layer formed in the cell gap was a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with uniform monodomain alignment (occupation area of 98% in the same layer normal direction).
- Example 1 The same two glass substrates as in Example 1 were prepared. A coating solution for an alignment film in which compound A represented by the structural formula A is dissolved is applied on the ITO thin film of each glass substrate by a spin coating method (4000 rpm, 30 seconds), and is then heated at 180 ° C for 10 minutes in an oven. Drying was performed. After that, the substrate was exposed to polarized UV light and subjected to photo-alignment treatment to form an alignment film.
- a granular spacer having an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m was sprayed on the alignment film of one glass substrate, and a sealing material was applied to the periphery of the other glass substrate. Then, they were thermocompression-bonded so as to be in parallel with the above-mentioned polarized ultraviolet ray irradiation direction and in an anti-parallel state.
- a liquid crystal substance (R2301 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.) was attached to the upper part of the injection port for injecting liquid crystal into the cell gap between both glass substrates, and the nematic phase-isotropic transition temperature was measured using a vacuum oven.
- the solution was poured into the cell gap at a temperature higher by 10 to 20 ° C, and gradually cooled to room temperature.
- a double domain occurred in the liquid crystal layer in the cell gap (the area occupied by the same layer normal direction occupied 55%), and that an alignment defect occurred.
- Two glass substrates (10.16 mm ⁇ 10.16 mm) each having an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film formed on the surface were prepared.
- a barrier was formed on one ITO thin film on a glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the pitch of the barrier was set to five plants of 3.5 mm, 3 mm, 1.5 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.4 mm.
- a liquid crystal layer was formed in the cell gap of both glass substrates in the same manner as in Example 1.
- five types of samples with different barrier pitches were prepared.
- a uniform gap could not be maintained in the cell in the sample in which the barrier pitch was 3.5 mm.
- Barrier pitch 3mm, 1.5mm, 0.5m In the sample of m, it was confirmed that the liquid crystal layer was a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal with uniform monodomain alignment.
- the monodomain orientation was extremely uniform (the area occupied by the area with the same layer normal direction was 98%).
- the liquid crystal layer had double domain orientation (the area occupied by the region having the same layer normal direction was 90%).
- the present invention can be applied to a liquid crystal display device having a monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/011308 Ceased WO2005124440A1 (ja) | 2004-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | 液晶表示素子 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2005124440A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006039519A (ja) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-02-09 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
| JP2008112152A (ja) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-05-15 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
| CN113655650A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 电子设备、显示装置及其制造方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000111884A (ja) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-21 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 液晶パネル枠及び液晶パネル体 |
-
2005
- 2005-06-21 WO PCT/JP2005/011308 patent/WO2005124440A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000111884A (ja) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-21 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 液晶パネル枠及び液晶パネル体 |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006039519A (ja) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-02-09 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子 |
| JP2008112152A (ja) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-05-15 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
| CN113655650A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 电子设备、显示装置及其制造方法 |
| CN113655650B (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-10-17 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 电子设备、显示装置及其制造方法 |
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