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WO2005112767A1 - Appareil et procédé pour la mesure de radiations pénétrantes - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour la mesure de radiations pénétrantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005112767A1
WO2005112767A1 PCT/GB2005/001987 GB2005001987W WO2005112767A1 WO 2005112767 A1 WO2005112767 A1 WO 2005112767A1 GB 2005001987 W GB2005001987 W GB 2005001987W WO 2005112767 A1 WO2005112767 A1 WO 2005112767A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detector
sample
tissue
radiation
tissue sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2005/001987
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English (en)
Inventor
Matthew Gaved
Michael Farquharson
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Tissuomics Ltd
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Tissuomics Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tissuomics Ltd filed Critical Tissuomics Ltd
Publication of WO2005112767A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005112767A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/502—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
    • A61B6/4233—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector using matrix detectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/483—Diagnostic techniques involving scattered radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/508—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for non-human patients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/201—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials by measuring small-angle scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G01N23/207—Diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06—Diaphragms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making penetrating radiation (e.g. X-ray) measurements, more particularly measurements in non-uniform biological tissue samples including in vivo measurements.
  • penetrating radiation e.g. X-ray
  • the invention has particular, although not necessarily exclusive application in the characterisation of biological tissue, for instance characterisation of tissue as normal (e.g. healthy) or abnormal (e.g. pathological). It is useful, in the diagnosis and management of cancer, including breast cancer.
  • Mammography is a conventional X-ray technique typically used in the early detection of breast tumours.
  • the information available from the X-ray images obtained is limited.
  • biopsies are intrusive, uncomfortable procedures, and it is desirable to avoid them wherever possible.
  • the need for biopsies can also lead to considerable delays in obtaining the results and hence subsequent diagnosis and treatment.
  • Additional penetrating radiation techniques have the potential to fine-tune tissue characterisation to a greater degree than that currently used and hence to improve the targeted management of patients.
  • x-ray diffraction effects have been shown to operate as an effective means of distinguishing certain types of tissue.
  • the techniques proposed are in vitro ones that rely on the use of uniform tissue samples. The additional complications of taking such measurements in vivo, where tissue 'samples' are far from uniform have not been addressed.
  • penetrating radiation e.g. X-ray
  • tissue sample is to be construed in a broad context. Specifically, this term is referred to within the context of the present invention to comprise in vivo "samples”, i.e. "samples” that are part of a living human or animal body. Additionally, this term is also referred to within the context of the present invention to comprise ex vivo (which may also be referred to as in vitro), non-uniform and uniform samples, i.e. a significant lump or sample of tissue that has been removed from a patient. Non-uniform and uniform relates to the biological composition of the tissue.
  • tissue sample is understood to comprise body tissue of human or animal origin.
  • the body tissue samples may be in vivo also, i.e. part of a living human or animal body.
  • the body tissue samples may be an ex vivo (which may also be referred to as in vitro), preferably non- uniform, sample that has been obtained via a surgical procedure or veterinary procedure.
  • the biological tissue sample may be obtained from cell cultures or cell lines. These cell cultures or cell lines may have been grown or propagated or developed in Petri dishes or the like.
  • the invention provides apparatus for penetrating radiation measurements on a biological tissue sample, the apparatus comprising: a tissue sample locator; a source of penetrating radiation; a collimator configured, in use, to direct radiation from the source into a vertical beam directed at the tissue sample locator; means for scanning the beam along a sample located by the tissue sample locator; and at least one detector for detecting radiation scattered by the sample; the detector being collimated so that only radiation scattered at one or more pre-determined angles is detected; and the detector being divided into multiple segments arranged in a longitudinally extending array, the collimation of the detector being such that each segment detects radiation scattered at a single pre-determined angle, whereby each segment maps onto a discrete vertical location in the plane of the radiation beam.
  • each segment of the detector corresponds to a specific three-dimensional portion ('voxel') of the sample.
  • the scattered radiation detected at each detector segment can therefore be attributed to the respective voxel.
  • the tissue sample is a human breast and the sample locator may be a mammography assembly comprising suitable dimensions to locate a portion or the entire patient's breast in a desired position.
  • the sample is a ex vivo (which may also be referred to as in vitro), uniform or non-uniform lump of tissue that have been removed from a patient (i.e. tissue from a breast lumpectomy, or the lobe of a liver or lung, or a portion of tissue from the colon or the brain or the prostate or any other organ of the human or animal body).
  • tissue from a breast lumpectomy or the lobe of a liver or lung, or a portion of tissue from the colon or the brain or the prostate or any other organ of the human or animal body.
  • the sample is a small piece (or pieces) of in vitro tissue samples that are considered to be substantially uniform in biological composition.
  • the complete breast or other body parts may also be irradiated using an assembly configured to operate in accordance with the method as described in co-pending PCT patent application numbers PCT/GB04/005185 and PCT/GB05/001573 and imaged as described in co-pending PCT application filed on the same day as this application that claims priority from UK patent application number 0411403.9, wherein the apparatus comprises suitable dimensions to locate the patient's tissue in a desired position.
  • the sample locator may be moved. More preferably, and more practical for in vivo applications in particular, the beam is moved over the sample. In this case, the detector preferably moves with the beam. This allows the longitudinal extent of the detector to be kept to a minimum.
  • the radiation beam is a slit-form beam that extends laterally across the sample (it is particularly preferred that the beam can irradiate the complete width of the sample simultaneously).
  • the detector has a corresponding lateral extent and is preferably divided into segments laterally as well as longitudinally so that the 2D array of segments thus formed map onto discrete locations in the vertical and horizontal senses in the plane of the beam. In this way, if the position of the sample relative to the beam as it scans along the sample is known, the scattered radiation incident on each detector segment can be mapped onto a corresponding discrete voxel within the sample.
  • An alternative is to employ a narrow beam that is scanned laterally relative to the sample as well as longitudinally (e.g. as a raster scan).
  • the lateral scan can be uni-directional, in the sense that measurements are only collected as the beam moves in one direction across the width of the sample, the return stroke being a rapid movement during which no measurements are taken.
  • the lateral scan can be bi-directional, with measurements being taken in both directions across the width of the sample (in this case the beam is preferably stepped forward in the longitudinal direction between each stroke).
  • Each segment of the detector is preferably a discrete detector element in order that discrete data streams representing values measured at each segment can be obtained.
  • the detector may, for example, comprise a 2D array of detector elements mounted on a substrate carrying the required connections and signal carriers for each detector element.
  • Each detector element corresponds to a "detector segment" above. Any of a number of suitable detectors can be used, including for example CCD arrays or large area amorphous silicon or selenium detectors.
  • the collimation of the detector segments can be accomplished in a conventional manner.
  • the desired angular collimation can be achieved by setting the collimating elements at the desired angle relative to a detector intended to be mounted in a horizontal plane. More preferably, the detector is collimated to accept scattered radiation normal to the plane of the detector (or at some other easily predetermined angle).
  • the desired angular collimation i.e. acceptance of radiation at a particular scatter angle only
  • a detector can be controlled to only count photons having an energy in a particular range. This in effect, therefore, “collimates" the detector to accept photons scattered at particular angles.
  • the apparatus is arranged to detect scattered radiation at more than one angle and/or of more than one type. This may be achieved, for instance, using a single detector capable of detecting scattered radiation at more than one predetermined angle (for example by collimating alternate detector segments at different angles), by using multiple detectors, or by using a combination of these approaches.
  • Another approach to obtaining measurements at different scatter angles is to provide one or more detectors with variable geometry in order that the angle of scattered radiation that they detect can be changed. This variable geometry may also be useful to adjust the detector(s) for different applications.
  • the angle of the detector or of its associated collimator relative to the incident radiation beam can be made adjustable. Even for wide angle scatter measurements, the variation in angle is likely to be a few degrees at most, and it will generally be desirable to ensure the angle of the detector is accurately, at least to within a few minutes of the nominal angle.
  • the angular position of a moveable detector or collimator is preferably controlled by high precision micro-actuators. Examples of suitable actuators include piezo-electric actuators, micro-actuated worm drives, electromagnetic actuators and hydraulic actuators.
  • a reference beam or signal is provided that can be used to identify misalignment of the incident radiation beam and the detector. This may be desirable, for example, to correct for temperature effects.
  • EDXRD energy or angular dispersive x-ray (or other penetrating radiation) diffraction
  • Compton scatter densitometry Compton scatter densitometry
  • low angle x-ray (or other penetrating radiation) scattering SAXS
  • ultra low angle scattering UAAX
  • XRF measurements might also be used, although generally only in in vitro applications.
  • these measurements can be used in combination as inputs to a multivariate model to analyse and/or characterise a tissue sample, for instance as disclosed in co-pending PCT patent application numbers PCT/GB04/005185 and PCT/GB05/001573.
  • the approach described above can be used to more accurately characterise tissue samples and, more specifically, to identify abnormal tissue areas within an irregular 3D tissue sample.
  • the approach lends itself to in vivo measurements.
  • the apparatus can advantageously be operated at variable dose levels as described in co-pending PCT application filed on the same day as this application that claims priority from UK patent application number 0411403.9.
  • tissue sample e.g. breast
  • a biopsy is taken while the tissue sample (e.g. breast) is still located in the sample locator.
  • the invention also provides software for controlling apparatus and systems as set out above and described below.
  • a method of analysing body tissue comprising: use of the apparatus as described in the first aspect of the present invention, wherein data representing a first measured tissue property of a body tissue sample is obtained from the apparatus; data representing a second, different tissue property of the tissue sample is obtained from the apparatus; and the data is used in combination to provide an analysis of the tissue sample.
  • a method for characterising body tissue comprising: use of the apparatus as described in the first aspect of the present invention, wherein data representing a first measured tissue property of a tissue sample is obtained from the apparatus; data representing a second, different tissue property of the tissue sample is obtained from the apparatus; and the data is used in combination to provide a characterisation of the tissue sample.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of X-ray measurement apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a further schematic of the apparatus of figure 1 , on an enlarged scale, showing a single detector and indicating scattered radiation incident on the detector as a sample is irradiated;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the detector illustrated in figure 2.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a method of operating the apparatus of figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates and apparatus suitable for in vivo irradiation of a tissue sample (e.g. a breast).
  • the apparatus comprises a penetrating radiation (in this example X-ray) beam source 2 that directs a beam of X-ray radiation onto the tissue sample 4 being examined.
  • a series of detectors 6, 8, 10, 12 are arranged below and above the sample 4 to detect both transmitted and scattered X-ray radiation.
  • the source and detector arrangement is scanned across the full length of the tissue sample (e.g. breast), as indicated by arrow 'S', whilst the sample is held stationary. The scan is completed in step-wise fashion, with measurements being taken from the detectors at each step.
  • the incident beam can be a slit-form beam having a width (into the page as illustrated in Figure 1) sufficient to extend across the full width of the sample.
  • the beam may be narrower (e.g. a pencil-form beam) and be scanned laterally across the sample at each step in the longitudinal direction.
  • detector arrangement there are a number of pairs of detectors 8,10,12 arranged to detect scattered radiation 16,18,20 and a single detector 6 for detecting transmitted radiation 14.
  • the detectors 8 are for detecting ultra-low angle scatter (around 1 degree).
  • the detectors 10 are for detecting wider angle scatter (of about 5 to 8 degrees in the present example) and the detectors 12 are for detecting Compton scatter at high angles (about 120 degrees and more).
  • the detectors for scattered radiation are arranged in pairs, this is not essential. Single detectors may be used, or more than two detectors of for each type of measurement can be used.
  • the scatter signals from the various depth locations in the sample can be measured.
  • each 'pixel' i.e. discrete element of the detector 10, e.g. pixel 32 identified by arrows 'x' and 'y', maps on to a discrete 'voxel' (3D location) within the sample for a given position on the plane 'P'.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a method for operating the apparatus described above to scan a tissue sample such as a breast.
  • the scan process is started, once the sample is in place.
  • a first portion of the tissue sample is irradiated and measurements are taken using the detectors 6, 8, 10, 12.
  • the system then proceeds to the next scan step, and irradiates the next adjacent portion of the tissue sample.
  • the scan continues until the complete sample has been scanned, i.e. the scan is complete.
  • the scanning process is then stopped.
  • measurements can be used, for example in a multivariate model as described in co- pending UK patent application GB0328870.1 , to characterise the tissue of each of the sample portions measured.
  • the measured data may be used, for instance, to characterise tissue as normal, benign or malignant.
  • system parameters may be desirable to vary system parameters to increase the data content of measurements obtained from suspect (e.g. abnormal) tissue sample portions, to minimise the necessary data processing capacity and/or to minimise dose.
  • a broad, slit-type beam may be used to irradiate a sample to initially determine areas of abnormal tissue, or the complete sample may be irradiated at once (e.g. using a conventional X-ray transmission measurement technique as in mammography).
  • a more focussed beam e.g. a pencil beam, directed only at the area of interest.
  • variable geometry detectors so that a detector can be optimised based, for example, on the particular tissue characteristic, type or property of interest.
  • a single variable geometry detector might also be used to take a variety of measurements, e.g. at different scatter angles.
  • detectors 10 are arranged to be variable angle (indicated by arrows 'A') so that, they can be used to detect scattered radiation at multiple selected angles.
  • the ability to vary the angle can also be used during set up and calibration of the apparatus to make any minor adjustments to the angle of the detector needed to compensate for temperature changes for instance.
  • the detector angle is changed using one or more micro-actuators.
  • the collimator assembly or the detector assembly as a whole can be mounted on a piezo driven/positioned rig/mount to allow its (angular) position to be adjusted relative to the rest of the equipment.
  • the micro-adjustment capability could be employed to change the position of the collimator assembly or detector assembly in relation to a reference beam or signal. This will enable the angle and alignment of the collimator/detector assembly (which is crucial), to be subject to verification on a regular basis (e.g. to take account of temperature effects, equipment being moved / knocked around, etc).
  • a piezo system would enable the position to be both verified and controlled through either a continuous feedback system or (for example) every time the system (generator) is fired up or once a day or on some other regular cycle.
  • This micro actuation can also or alternatively be employed for setting collimator arrays or detectors at different angles to (i) the radiation source incident beam or (ii) an angle to the beam.
  • the angle setting of the collimator beam can be considered a 'first order" angle to the incident beam.
  • the angle setting of the collimator beam can be considered 'second order' because it is set in relation to the Output' angle being investigated (e.g. 6 degrees for wide angle, 120 degrees for Compton, etc).
  • one or both e.g. wide angle detectors 10 can be set to the same angle, or any combination of angles e.g.: all set to the same angle (e.g. 6 degrees); one (or one pair) set to at one angle (e.g. 6 degrees) and the other(s) at a second angle (e.g. 7 degrees); or, all set at difference angles (e.g. if there are four detectors, one each to 5.5 deg, 6 deg, 6.5 deg, 7 deg), etc.
  • detector angle configurations may be preferred, for example when looking for very high sensitivity (e.g. using detectors all set at the same angle), whereas other detector angle configurations might be better to maximise specificity of tissue characterisation (e.g. two, three or more angles).
  • the angles of the collimators/detectors may be advantageous to immediately reconfigure the angles of the collimators/detectors to, for example, maximise differentiation between abnormal benign and abnormal malignant tissue. It may be, for instance, that one of the four detectors remains at the same angle (e.g. 6 degrees) and the other three are set at three different angles (e.g. 6.8 deg., 7.0 deg. and 7.5 deg respectively).
  • the apparatus and methods described above can also be used in conjunction with a biopsy system to obtain small samples of tissue identified by the process described above as potentially malignant.
  • a needle/core biopsy is immediately taken whilst the patient is in the same position.
  • the biopsy device is guided to this location, through the breast wall either automatically or under manual control.
  • the steps to be followed by an operator of the apparatus would, by way of example, be: 1 Identify an area of suspect tissue;
  • the biopsy needle/tip Guide (on auto or manually) the biopsy needle/tip to this area, e.g. through a virtual display of the target location and progress of the needle (the progress of the needle and/or confirmation of its final location being determined, for example, using a transmitted x-ray measurement or x-ray scatter measurements);
  • an approach in accordance with the present invention potentially only requires physical location / stabilising the position of the breast. This could be through the use of a number of flat panels or paddles, for example, which move up to the breast once it is in position.
  • the paddles could be configured such that they flatten the sides of the breast. For normal/large breasts, this could be on five sides to form an approximate cube - with the chest wall forming the sixth side. For small breasts, the configuration may be more like a four- sided pyramid, with the base of the pyramid being the chest wall.
  • the paddles are of a material that does not interfere with the x-ray scattering patterns that are being detected (for example, material that is substantially transparent to x- ray radiation).
  • the paddles can contain a matrix of small holes through which the biopsy needle/core can pass. After determining the 3D location of the suspect tissue, the operator manually, or the software controlling the biopsy needle, or the two in combination can determine the optimal hole through which the needle would pass in order to obtain the best core sample, given the position of the suspect tissue, the position of other breast structures, the (potential) need to obtain more than one biopsy sample, and other patient / clinical factors.
  • the patient may be standing or lying flat, with breasts hanging through holes in a couch (such as those commonly used for MRI and biopsy procedures - although these procedures cannot be carried out simultaneously). Women far prefer the lying flat position for these kinds of procedures and breast imaging generally.
  • the scanning of the beam across the sample has been described above as a step-wise process, it can also be a continuous motion along the sample for all or part of the scan.
  • the scan may proceed in a continuous fashion until a region of suspect tissue is detected, at which point the scan may slow or stop or re-scan a portion of tissue to collect additional data and/or to carry out further measurements.
  • the angular control of detectors has been illustrated above with reference to the wide-angle detectors 10, but is also applicable to other detector positions (e.g. low angle, Compton scatter).

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Abstract

La présente invention décrit un appareil pour la mesure de radiation pénétrante sur un échantillon de tissus biologique, l'appareil comprenant : un localisateur d'échantillon de tissu biologique, une source de radiation pénétrante, un collimateur configuré de manière à diriger la radiation depuis la source en un faisceau vertical dirigé sur le localisateur d'échantillon biologique, en utilisation, le long d'un échantillon localisé par le localisateur d'échantillon de tissu biologique, et au moins un détecteur pour détecter une radiation diffusée par l'échantillon, le détecteur étant collimaté de sorte que seule la radiation diffusée à un ou plusieurs angles est détectée, et le détecteur étant divisé en multiples segments disposés dans une matrice s'étendant longitudinalement, la collimation du détecteur étant prévue de sorte que chaque segment détecte la radiation diffusée à un angle unique prédéterminé, chaque segment étant défini sur un emplacement discret vertical dans le plan du rayon de radiation.
PCT/GB2005/001987 2004-05-21 2005-05-23 Appareil et procédé pour la mesure de radiations pénétrantes Ceased WO2005112767A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0411402.1 2004-05-21
GBGB0411402.1A GB0411402D0 (en) 2004-05-21 2004-05-21 Penetrating radiation measurements

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005112767A1 true WO2005112767A1 (fr) 2005-12-01

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Cited By (56)

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JP2008302212A (ja) * 2007-04-11 2008-12-18 Searete Llc 容積測定タイプコンプトン散乱Ｘ線深度視覚化、画像化、または情報プロバイダ（ＶｏｌｕｍｅｔｒｉｃＴｙｐｅＣｏｍｐｔｏｎＳｃａｔｔｅｒｅｄＸ−ＲａｙＤｅｐｔｈＶｉｓｕａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，Ｉｍａｇｉｎｇ，ｏｒＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｖｉｄｅｒ）
EP1986548A4 (fr) * 2006-02-15 2009-04-22 Hologic Inc Biopsie mammaire et localisation a l'aiguille a l'aide de systemes de tomosynthese
US7792245B2 (en) 2008-06-24 2010-09-07 Hologic, Inc. Breast tomosynthesis system with shifting face shield
US7869563B2 (en) 2004-11-26 2011-01-11 Hologic, Inc. Integrated multi-mode mammography/tomosynthesis x-ray system and method
US7916915B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2011-03-29 Hologic, Inc Image handling and display in x-ray mammography and tomosynthesis
US7949091B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2011-05-24 Hologic, Inc. Full field mammography with tissue exposure control, tomosynthesis, and dynamic field of view processing
US7991106B2 (en) 2008-08-29 2011-08-02 Hologic, Inc. Multi-mode tomosynthesis/mammography gain calibration and image correction using gain map information from selected projection angles
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