WO2005110644A1 - 半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法並びに成形方法及び成形品 - Google Patents
半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法並びに成形方法及び成形品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005110644A1 WO2005110644A1 PCT/JP2005/009150 JP2005009150W WO2005110644A1 WO 2005110644 A1 WO2005110644 A1 WO 2005110644A1 JP 2005009150 W JP2005009150 W JP 2005009150W WO 2005110644 A1 WO2005110644 A1 WO 2005110644A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semi
- container
- producing
- metal
- molten metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a semi-solid metal slurry, a molding method, and a molded product.
- the metal slurry used in the semi-solid molding method maintains primary crystals separated from each other by a liquid matrix, and the primary crystal particles are as fine and uniform as possible in a non-branched state. And preferably spherical. By doing so, it is possible to mold (form) with a high solid fraction and a low-viscosity semi-solid state, thereby suppressing the occurrence of shrinkage cavities in the molded product and improving the mechanical strength of the molded product. Can be.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-325652
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11-138248
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3520991
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for forming a semi-molten metal that can easily and easily obtain a compact having a fine and spherical thixostructure at low cost without using a mechanical stirring method or an electromagnetic stirring method. It is proposed to place an alloy in the liquid state with crystal nuclei above the liquidus temperature or in a solid-liquid coexisting state above the forming temperature with crystal nuclei in an insulated container with heat insulation effect. In addition, by holding for 5 seconds to 60 minutes while cooling to a molding temperature showing a predetermined liquidus rate, fine primary crystals are crystallized in the alloy liquid in the liquid, and the alloy is used for forming. It is supplied to a mold and pressure-formed.
- the semi-solid metal slurry can be easily and stably prepared to produce a semi-solid metal slurry, and the semi-solid metal slurry prepared above can be easily loaded into a press sleeve of a molding machine and press-formed.
- the molten metal is poured into a slurry production container, so that at least a part of the molten metal is moved to a liquidus temperature or lower and the molten metal is moved. In addition It is obtained so as to load the pressure sleeve of the slurry one manufacturing containers each molding machine.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that an electromagnetic field that does not cause an initial solidification layer to be formed in a molten metal poured into a container is applied to the container at the same time as the molten metal is poured into the container, A pouring step of pouring the molten metal into the container in a state where the electromagnetic field is applied, and cooling the molten metal poured into the container to form a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
- a method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state which comprises a cooling step as described below.
- the technology described in Patent Document 3 requires equipment for applying an electromagnetic field. This equipment is large and requires cost and space. In addition, a time for applying the electromagnetic field is required, and the processing time becomes longer.
- the present invention has been made to eliminate the above problems.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a semi-solid metal slurry that does not require large-scale equipment, can be processed in a short time, and can form a molded product having a fine and homogeneous structure. With the goal.
- the molten metal is placed in a container or a sleeve.
- container etc. is characterized in that when the metal is poured into the inside of the container, the metal is supercooled and self-stirring occurs in the container.
- a predetermined kinetic energy is applied to the molten metal, the molten metal is poured into a cooling container or the like maintained at a low temperature, and the molten metal is brought into contact with the bottom of the container or the like at a high speed.
- the nucleus is generated without generating an initial solidification layer by the supercooling phenomenon that occurs, and then the molten metal itself is self-stirred to eliminate the temperature gradient of the molten metal in the container etc. and to a semi-solidified state. It is characterized by doing.
- the energy for self-stirring is provided by mechanical energy or potential energy.
- the mechanical energy is pressurizing energy.
- the pressurized energy is applied to the molten metal by applying pressure to the molten metal in a closed container, causing the molten metal to be ejected and poured into the container.
- the kinetic energy is provided by dropping the molten metal from a predetermined height.
- the difference between the height of the metal in the molten metal state and the bottom of the cooling vessel is more preferably 4 times or more the vessel diameter, and more preferably 5 times or more. 3. If it is less than 5 times, a dendrite-like structure may be formed depending on the conditions. By making it 4 times or more, a finer and more uniform structure can be obtained.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 times. If it exceeds 10 times, depending on the pouring conditions, the hot water may flow, or air may be entrained, and the entrained air may suddenly expand, causing the hot water to dance. In addition, it becomes difficult to fill the molten metal without spilling.
- the shape of the container and the like is set in consideration of thermal equilibrium and the like, and the inner diameter is preferably 10 mm to 200 mm, and more preferably 40111111 to 120111111. With such dimensions, a finer and more homogeneous structure can be obtained.
- the inner diameter D is large, the poured hot water cannot move to the side, and it is difficult to perform sufficient thermal stirring. As a result, the particle size becomes finer or uniform. It is difficult to obtain oneness.
- ⁇ 10H may be designed. In this case, pouring can be performed near the head of the container,
- the container and the like are arranged vertically without tilting, and the molten metal is poured from the center without being along the side inner wall of the container and the like.
- pouring was carried out gently by tilting the container and the like so as to be along the inner wall.
- the molten metal is poured at a stretch without being along the side inner wall. Thereby, self-stirring tends to occur.
- the molten metal is poured directly into a container or the like without passing through a cooling member or the like.
- pouring time is also an important factor.
- the pouring time depends on the pouring amount, but is preferably 1 to: LO seconds. 3 to 8 seconds is more preferred. More preferably, 3 to 5 seconds.
- the pouring time is shorter and more preferable, but if it is less than 1 second, it takes less time to stir in the container and the hot water is agitated! Cases arise. If it exceeds 10 seconds, the workability will deteriorate.
- the pouring amount is generally 200 cc to 3000 cc (for example, 540 to 8100 kg in the case of an aluminum alloy).
- the bottom of the container or the like has a curved surface shape that is concave when viewed from the pouring side force.
- the bottom of the cooling container has a concave curved shape when viewed from the side force at which the molten metal is poured.
- the molten metal containing nuclei generated in contact with the bottom of the cooling vessel flows along the curved surface. That is, when the molten metal is poured into the center of the bottom of the container, the molten metal that has reached the bottom flows out of the container along the curved surface of the bottom.
- the molten metal flows outside, it hits the wall of the container and flows again inside the container. Thereby, the convection of the molten metal is easily generated, so that the self-stirring is performed more quickly. As a result, a large number of the above nuclei are present inside, and a more uniform and fine crystal structure can be obtained.
- the inner diameter of the container is D
- 0.5D to 3D is preferable.0.6D to 1 D is more preferred. Within this range, convection occurs more rapidly, vigorous self-stirring occurs, and the temperature becomes more uniform throughout the vessel.
- T (T + 100) is preferable.
- pouring is performed so as to satisfy the following equation.
- Pouring is performed by setting the heat capacity of the container or the like to a predetermined value in accordance with the amount of heat of the metal in the molten state.
- pouring is performed by setting the thickness to a predetermined value.
- the container or the like is made of a non-magnetic material or a magnetic material.
- electromagnetic stirring is not performed. Therefore, the degree of freedom in selecting materials such as containers is widened.
- the container or the like is made of stainless steel or copper.
- a material having a higher thermal conductivity than stainless steel is preferred.
- the filling time is preferably 1 to 10 seconds, which varies depending on the shape of the container and the amount of filling. 3-5 seconds is more preferred. ⁇ If the charging time is too short, self-stirring occurs. On the other hand, it is difficult for the flow to be uniform because the continuous flow is not too long.
- the container or the like may be kept in a heat-insulated state.
- the molding method of the present invention is characterized in that the semi-solid metal slurry produced by the method for producing a semi-solid metal slurry described in the above item 1 is molded.
- a molded article of the present invention is formed by the molding method described above. [0029] The operation of the present invention will be described together with the knowledge obtained in making the present invention. The present inventor has searched for the reason why fine and uniform compositions are not always obtained in the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 generation of crystal nuclei due to the supercooling phenomenon is recognized.
- the molten metal is not stirred in the container, so that the molten metal remains in a temperature gradient state. That is, the molten metal is poured into the container and the movement of the molten metal stops.
- the slurry will be in a state where the temperature is high on the inside and the number of nuclei is small.
- Patent Document 1 This tendency is remarkable because pouring is performed quietly for the purpose of preventing air from being entrained (and thus preventing the occurrence of gas cavities in molded products).
- a fine and uniform size of 100 to 150 m in which the variation in the particle size is small is obtained by controlling the drop starting height.
- a predetermined kinetic energy is applied to the molten metal to generate nuclei without generating an initial solidified layer.
- Many nuclei generated at the bottom of the container by pouring are distributed to the entire container by self-stirring. In other words, the initial pouring metal having many nuclei moves in the container, so that the nuclei are uniformly distributed throughout.
- the molten metal is poured into the cooling vessel from a certain height and brought into contact with the bottom of the cooling vessel, thereby using a supercooling phenomenon to generate nuclei without generating an initial solidified layer.
- potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
- the kinetic energy of the molten metal is large!
- the molten metal moves around in the container until the kinetic energy disappears. Therefore, self-stirring occurs in the container.
- the temperature gradient of the molten metal in the container disappears, and the molten metal becomes a semi-solid state throughout. As a result, a slurry in which many nuclei are uniformly distributed is obtained.
- the temperature of the container or the like is generally preferably from room temperature to 100 ° C, but varies depending on the type of metal, the temperature of the molten metal, and the like.
- the temperature may be a temperature at which a cooling phenomenon occurs when the molten metal is poured. What is necessary is just to check in advance corresponding to the metal used by experiment etc.
- BN spray may be applied to the surface of the container to generate nuclei.
- a BN spray is applied to a container to increase the releasability.
- the BN spray is applied to generate nuclei.
- nuclei are also generated on the surface of the hot water in the container.
- the core of the surface is mixed into the entire container by the energy of the newly poured hot water (kinetic energy of the molten metal).
- the molten metal temperature is kept substantially uniform by forced convection at the time of filling.
- the inside surface of the cup is constantly washed with molten metal, many nuclei are generated and the force grows spherically.
- the temperature T at this time (hereinafter called the equilibrium temperature) is given by the following equation.
- T is the initial temperature of the molten metal
- T is the initial temperature of the cup
- H ' is the solidification latent heat divided by the specific heat.
- the molten metal in the cup is kept in a semi-solid state.
- Heat insulation may be performed by covering the outside of the cup with a heat insulating material.
- a is a correction coefficient obtained from an experiment, and may be obtained in advance by an experiment in accordance with actual implementation conditions.
- cup shape is a cylinder with inner diameter: D, inner height: H, and wall thickness: t (constant)
- V ⁇ (D / 2) 3 ⁇ 4-(5)
- V ⁇ (D / 2 + t) 2 (h + t) -V
- a material for the container and the like it is preferable to use a material having good thermal conductivity such as stainless steel or copper.
- the shape of the container and the like is set in consideration of the thermal equilibrium and the like. With such dimensions, a finer and more homogeneous structure can be obtained.
- a molded article having a fine and homogeneous structure can be formed.
- a semi-solid metal slurry can be produced without being limited to the type of the target metal 'composition.
- material selectivity can be expanded. It can be applied to iron alloys, aluminum alloys, magne alloys and other alloys. Also, in the case of aluminum alloys, conventionally, only AC4C alloy can be used for semi-solid molding, but in the present invention, it is also applicable to ADC10 alloys which were conventionally considered to be practically inapplicable. . For example, semi-solid molding is possible even for an alloy having a composition near the eutectic point.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a thermal equilibrium state.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a container used in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temperature measurement result in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of a molded product using the semi-solid product produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a side view showing a pouring method according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the crystal grain size and HZD in Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of Test No. 3 in Example 3.
- FIG. 8 is a micrograph of Test No. 4 in Example 3.
- the molten metal poured into the container or the like is agitated without applying an electromagnetic field from the outside so as not to form an initial solidified layer, and the molten metal is poured into the container or the like. It is to be poured.
- the molten metal poured into the container is cooled to form a solid-liquid coexisting metal material to produce a semi-solid metal slurry.
- pouring was performed under the following conditions.
- Cup thickness t 3mm
- Cup material SUS304
- FIG. 4 shows a micrograph of a molded product molded from the semi-solid obtained in this example. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the microstructure of the molded article obtained in this example has fine primary crystals uniformly present throughout.
- the bottom plunger tip 10 of the container 2 is arranged, and the tip of the plunger tip has a curved surface having a curvature.
- the curved surface has a concave shape when viewed from the pouring side.
- the container was poured.
- pouring was performed by changing H ZD.
- the crystal grain size (spherical primary crystal size) shows the relative value of the crystal grain size based on Test No. 9 (1).
- Figure 6 shows the relationship between the above crystal grain size and HZD. Test No. 4 and Test No. 5
- the liquidus temperature of the material of this example is 617 ° C.
- the crystal grain size became smaller. However, it peaked at 700 ° C, and showed a tendency of saturation or a slight decrease at higher temperatures.
- the crystal grain size (spherical primary crystal size) indicates the relative value of the crystal grain size with reference to Sample No. 4-6 (1).
- the tendency was remarkable when the diameter D force of the container was 40 to 120 mm.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006513632A JP3919810B2 (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | 半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法並びに成形方法及び成形品 |
| EP05741611A EP1767290A4 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HALF-RESISTANT METAL CLOSURE, MOLDING PROCESS AND SHAPED PRODUCT |
| US11/596,842 US20090095434A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | Method for preparing semi-solid metal slurry, molding method, and molded product |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004149533 | 2004-05-19 | ||
| JP2004-149533 | 2004-05-19 | ||
| JP2004-235076 | 2004-08-12 | ||
| JP2004235076 | 2004-08-12 | ||
| JP2005-031166 | 2005-02-07 | ||
| JP2005031166 | 2005-02-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005110644A1 true WO2005110644A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=35394029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/009150 Ceased WO2005110644A1 (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | 半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法並びに成形方法及び成形品 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090095434A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1767290A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3919810B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005110644A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010092613A (ja) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-22 | South Gate:Kk | 燃料電池用セパレータ及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014014827A (ja) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-30 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | 半凝固金属の製造装置、半凝固成形装置、半凝固金属の製造方法及び半凝固成形方法 |
| US9586261B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2017-03-07 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for producing semi-solidified metal, method for producing semi-solidified metal, and semi-solidified metal |
| JP2021130118A (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半凝固溶湯の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5627874B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-12 | 2014-11-19 | スズキ株式会社 | 半凝固スラリーの製造方法および半凝固スラリーの製造装置 |
| US9038705B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2015-05-26 | Tohoku University | Die-casting method, die-casting device, and die-cast article |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08325652A (ja) * | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-10 | Ube Ind Ltd | 半溶融金属の成形方法 |
| JPH11138248A (ja) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-05-25 | Ahresty Corp | 半凝固成形法及びそれに用いる半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法 |
| JP2000158095A (ja) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-06-13 | Ryobi Ltd | 半凝固加工における金属溶湯の攪拌方法、半凝固加工を用いた鋳造方法及び半凝固加工における金属溶湯の攪拌に用いられる容器 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020011321A1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2002-01-31 | Shunzo Aoyama | Method of producing semi-solid metal slurries |
-
2005
- 2005-05-19 JP JP2006513632A patent/JP3919810B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-05-19 EP EP05741611A patent/EP1767290A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-19 WO PCT/JP2005/009150 patent/WO2005110644A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-19 US US11/596,842 patent/US20090095434A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08325652A (ja) * | 1995-05-29 | 1996-12-10 | Ube Ind Ltd | 半溶融金属の成形方法 |
| JPH11138248A (ja) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-05-25 | Ahresty Corp | 半凝固成形法及びそれに用いる半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法 |
| JP2000158095A (ja) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-06-13 | Ryobi Ltd | 半凝固加工における金属溶湯の攪拌方法、半凝固加工を用いた鋳造方法及び半凝固加工における金属溶湯の攪拌に用いられる容器 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1767290A4 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010092613A (ja) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-22 | South Gate:Kk | 燃料電池用セパレータ及びその製造方法 |
| US9586261B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2017-03-07 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for producing semi-solidified metal, method for producing semi-solidified metal, and semi-solidified metal |
| JP2014014827A (ja) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-30 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | 半凝固金属の製造装置、半凝固成形装置、半凝固金属の製造方法及び半凝固成形方法 |
| JP2021130118A (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-09-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半凝固溶湯の製造方法 |
| JP7247917B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 | 2023-03-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半凝固溶湯の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3919810B2 (ja) | 2007-05-30 |
| US20090095434A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| EP1767290A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| JPWO2005110644A1 (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
| EP1767290A4 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6284048B2 (ja) | 半凝固溶湯鋳鍛造法 | |
| JP3211754B2 (ja) | 半溶融成形用金属の製造装置 | |
| JP5010080B2 (ja) | 金属合金の半固体濃化加工 | |
| JPH1133692A (ja) | 半凝固鋳造用金属スラリーの作製方法 | |
| US20040216857A1 (en) | Semi-solid metal casting process of hypoeutectic aluminum alloys | |
| EP0931607B1 (en) | Method of preparing a shot of semi-solid metal | |
| JP2004322203A (ja) | 固液共存状態金属スラリの製造装置 | |
| Jiang et al. | Investigation of microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy produced by expendable pattern shell casting process with vacuum and low pressure | |
| WO2005110644A1 (ja) | 半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法並びに成形方法及び成形品 | |
| CN106756254A (zh) | 一种获得复杂精密细晶铸件的制备方法 | |
| JP3246358B2 (ja) | 半溶融金属の成形方法 | |
| CN101117698A (zh) | 制备金属部件的装置 | |
| JPH09137239A (ja) | 半溶融金属の成形方法 | |
| JP4748688B2 (ja) | 半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法 | |
| US11685976B2 (en) | Method for preparing amorphous particle-modified magnesium alloy surface-gradient composites | |
| CN102873291B (zh) | 一种电磁流振镁合金半固态半连续铸造装置及方法 | |
| JPH08257722A (ja) | ダイカスト鋳造方法 | |
| JP2003520683A (ja) | ダイカスト方法および該ダイカスト方法を実施するためのダイカスト装置 | |
| JPH11138248A (ja) | 半凝固成形法及びそれに用いる半凝固金属スラリーの作製方法 | |
| JPH10128516A (ja) | 半溶融金属の成形方法 | |
| JPH0987768A (ja) | 半溶融過共晶Al−Si合金の製造方法 | |
| US20040050523A1 (en) | Process for transforming a metal alloy into a partially-solid/partially-liquid shaped body | |
| JP2003126950A (ja) | 半溶融金属の成形方法 | |
| Midson et al. | A comparison of Thixocasting and Rheocasting | |
| JP2005297003A (ja) | 軽金属または軽合金の半凝固スラリー製造方法および鋳造方法。 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006513632 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| DPEN | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005741611 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005741611 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11596842 Country of ref document: US |