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WO2005038160A1 - Panneaux structuraux monolithiques resistants aux ouragans produits a partir de composites de faible densite - Google Patents

Panneaux structuraux monolithiques resistants aux ouragans produits a partir de composites de faible densite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005038160A1
WO2005038160A1 PCT/US2004/034144 US2004034144W WO2005038160A1 WO 2005038160 A1 WO2005038160 A1 WO 2005038160A1 US 2004034144 W US2004034144 W US 2004034144W WO 2005038160 A1 WO2005038160 A1 WO 2005038160A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite panel
resin
dimensional
composite
fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2004/034144
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard P. Wool
Mahmoud A. Dweib
Harry W. Shenton, Iii
Richard B. Chapas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Delaware
Original Assignee
University of Delaware
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Delaware filed Critical University of Delaware
Publication of WO2005038160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005038160A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B29C70/865—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/443—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/22—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lightweight composite structure and more particularly to a lightweight monolithic composite structure and the method for manufacturing such structure for use as a structural element including a roof in a hurricane resistant building.
  • Efforts to develop materials of construction that will provide the necessary resistance to hurricane force winds include hurricane resistant shingles of the type disclosed in United States patent 5,822,943 issued October 20, 1998 to Frankoski et al. and assigned to Tamko roofing Products Inc.
  • the proposed solution involves the use of composite shingles that include a substrate including a scrim bonded to a mat coated with filled asphalt and granules.
  • the disclosed method of construction utilizes a polymer bonded foam- concrete structural composite building material formed from a styrene foam having a fiber reinforced, ethylene-vinyl acetate containing concrete emulsion integrally cured thereto, resulting in enhanced impact resistance and enhanced ability to withstand tensile load.
  • the resultant structure has enhanced thermal insulation properties.
  • the disclosed invention is further directed to a foam panel interface construction which renders the resultant structure impervious to wind damage at velocities in the range of about 155-310 mph.
  • foam panels comprising reinforcing channels which contain steel rods in a concrete slurry. Such structure again requires on-site labor and therefore increased costs.
  • the concrete and steel rods add substantial weight to the structure requiring substantial supports.
  • a composite panel structure having a three dimensional structure with thickness less than about 22.5 cm, overall density less than 0.2 g/cm., and exhibiting a global modulus greater than 1.2 GPa and stiffness greater than 15 kN-m 2 .
  • the panel structure comprises at least two fiber-reinforcing mats interconnected in a spaced substantially parallel configuration by a skeletal web.
  • a closed cell foam fills the spaces between the panels.
  • the closed cell foam may be natural, synthetic, or combinations thereof.
  • the mats comprise a plurality of fibers in a resin matrix.
  • the resin is a thermosetting low viscosity resin, and may also be natural, synthetic, or a combination of the two.
  • the composite panel composition comprises resin in an amount of between about 30 and 40 wt%, fiber mats in an amount of between about 20 and 40 wt%, and foam in an amount of between about 30 and 40 wt% of the total composite weight.
  • the structures exhibit a high thermal resistance R-value due to their high content of foam insulation. These structures may be used as roofs or walls and are manufactured by VARTM or similar processes as a three-dimensional monolithic planar, or curved shape, designed to resist removal by wind forces, depending on their intended function as walls or roofs. They can also be produced in other planar or curved designs for other applications.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective schematic representation of a sectioned portion of a panel showing the internal supporting beam structure of the panel.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view representing a cross section of a preferred composite panel prepared in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view representing a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process and resin flow into a fiber bed in accordance with the present invention.
  • VARTM vacuum assisted resin transfer molding
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view representing a monolithic house roof using a composite panel in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a three dimensional cross sectional view of a panel 10 constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • the panel comprises at least two fiber-reinforcing mats 12 formed from a plurality of fibers embedded in a resin matrix.
  • the composite structure 10 further includes a skeletal web structure 18 connecting the fiber-reinforcing mats 12 to one another in a substantially parallel configuration. Closed-cell foam core 20 is sandwiched between the fiber-reinforcing mats 12.
  • Many natural fibers including, but not limited to, flax, cellulose, chicken feathers and hemp, are suitable, in addition to synthetic fibers, including, but not limited to, glass, carbon and Kevlar ® fibers.
  • Low-cost recycled newspaper and cardboard are good sources of reinforcing cellulose fiber.
  • the fiber pre-form bed was made from a stack of papers and was successfully wetted and infused with a compatible resin, thereby forming a composite of more than 50 weight % paper.
  • the resins suited to this application typically consist of both natural and synthetic co-monomers, with optimal blends selected for their reactivity, compatibility with the fibers, cure properties and appropriate viscosity suited to the infusion process.
  • the tensile and flexural modulus and the tensile and flexural strength of these composite materials increased to about 5 times the neat resin modulus or strength.
  • the strength of these structures typically exceeds 25 kN, and the composite skin modulus exceeds 5 GPa.
  • Plant oil-based resins are preferred.
  • a number of natural oil based resins are known. See for example, U.S. patent 6,121,398, and/or Can E. Kusefoglu S, Wool RP. "Rigid thermosetting liquid molding resins from renewable resources (“2) copolymers of soyoil monoglycerides maleates with neopentyl glycol and ⁇ /sphenol-A maleates.” J. Appl Polym Sci 2002;83 :972.
  • a preferred resin is commercially available Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO) known as Ebecryl 860 from UCB Chemicals.
  • AESO Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil
  • the AESO resin is mixed with styrene in an optimized 2: 1 weight ratio and the resin mixture mixed with 3 weight % initiator, cumul peroxide, commercially available as Trigonox 239A from Akzo Nobel, and 0.8 weight % catalyst, Cobalt Naphthenate (Mahogany Co.).
  • Closed cell foam 20 may be any one of a number of commercially available closed cell foams. It is selected primarily to provide high insulation value (thermal or acoustic, depending on the intended application for the composite panel) and to impart three dimensional form and rigidity to the panel.
  • a preferred foam is Elfoam, T300, manufactured by Elliott Company, Indiana.
  • T300 foam has a density of 44.85 kg/m 3 (2.8 lb/ft 3 ) and operating temperature range from -297 to +300 °C. It is a closed cell polyisocyanurate foam that is chemically similar to, but higher performing than, polyurethane foam. Outstanding thermal and moisture resistance coupled with light weight make this foam a highly effective insulating material.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternate composite structure.
  • the composite panel 10' comprises two substantially parallel fiber reinforcing mats 12' in a resin matrix 16'.
  • the mats separated by a skeletal structure 18' and the space between the mats is again filled with a closed cell foam core 20'.
  • a high porosity fluffy fibrous layer 38 whose function will be explained below. Otherwise the structure is substantially the same as the one described hereinabove in connection with Figure 1.
  • the composite panels are produced using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, which is a variant of vacuum-infusion RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) in which one of the solid tool faces is replaced by a flexible polymeric film or vacuum bag 24, as represented in Figure 3.
  • VARTM vacuum assisted resin transfer molding
  • the process draws resin 16 into a dry reinforcement on a vacuum bagged tool, using only the partial vacuum V to drive the resin 16.
  • the process increases the composite 10 mechanical properties and fiber 14 content by reducing void percentage, when compared to other large-part manufacturing processes, such as hand lay-up.
  • the molded laminate thickness depends in part on the compressibility of the fiber-resin 14-16 composite before curing and the negative pressure of the vacuum V.
  • Composite panels 12 were manufactured from AESO and various natural fiber 14 reinforcements using the VARTM process.
  • the composite panel 12 specimens were manufactured with the dimensions 30.5 x 30.5 x 0.635 cm (12 x 12 x 0.25 in).
  • the preform 12 is vacuum bagged 24 on a one-sided mold 26 as shown in Figure 3 and the resin 16 is drawn into the preform 12 (as represented by flow arrows F) under the negative pressure created by the vacuum V.
  • Breather cloth 28 and peel ply 30 are part of the molding device, and tool plate 32 is typically a table surface.
  • a bucket 34 contains excess resin 16.
  • the resin 16 is cured at room temperature and gels after approximately 3 to 5 hours. However, the panel specimens 12 were left under vacuum V overnight to improve consolidation and then demolded.
  • Full vacuum V if reached, is equivalent to atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi or 101.3 kPa). This level of pressure may seem to be low, but it is very significant when parts with large surface areas (such as a house roof) are molded compared with the same pressure to be achieved mechanically using a body force. Bagging a large part like a structural panel 12 and applying vacuum V at one side gives a uniform negative pressure over the whole part 12 equivalent to 101.325 kPa. Simple calculation shows that exerting this pressure over a 7 x 10 meter roof panel would require a body force of 709,275 kg.
  • Permeability is defined as the volume of a fluid of unit viscosity passing through a unit cross section of the medium in unit time under the action of a unit pressure gradient. It is a constant determined by the structure of the medium.
  • the natural fiber mats 12 used in this work can have random or oriented fibers 14, with or without binders; they can be processed using an air laid or wet laid process and the fiber length can be varied. The mat permeability plays a key role in determining the fiber content of the resulting composite.
  • other porous fibers 38 may be used in small quantities along with the main reinforcement fibers 14 as illustrated in Figure 2 to form the composite panel. Composite panels were made out of the 14 different fiber mats listed in
  • the storage modulus, E', the loss modulus, E", and the glass transition temperature, T g were measured at a temperature range of 35.0-150.0 °C for the various room-temperature cured Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO) natural fiber composites.
  • the glass transition temperature was obtained from the maximum point of the tan ⁇ curve.
  • the storage modulus E' of the neat resin was 1.1 GPa and with natural fiber reinforcements, E' increased up to more than 5 GPa at approximately 50 wt% fiber.
  • the highest E' values were obtained for cellulose derived from newspaper or recycled paper. Significantly, the recycled paper was the cheapest of all the natural fibers examined in this work and is therefore an excellent candidate for use in high-volume large structures, such as houses.
  • Tan ⁇ is the ratio of the loss modulus to storage modulus or the ratio of the energy lost to the energy retained during a loading cycle. Tan ⁇ values were measured at 37 °C and also at its maximum value (the glass transition temperature). The most significant result was obtained from the cellulose composites with a maximum tan ⁇ of approximately 0.3. This result indicates that natural fiber (cellulose-based) reinforced composites have good structural damping properties. Due to their reduced weight, environmental survivability, and noise suppression, several automotive applications are possible.
  • the overall dimensions of the beam 10 are 1067 x 89 x 203 mm (42 x 3.5 x 8 in); the face sheets 12 as well as the webs 18 have a nominal thickness of 6.4 mm (0.25 in).
  • the foam core 20 is required for the manufacture of the beam 10 and is integral to it, but while it contributes significantly to thermal and sound insulation, it is not expected to contribute significantly to the strength and stiffness of the beam.
  • the beam was designed as a flexural member to carry loads transverse to its longitudinal axis.
  • Table 2 shows three beams made of recycled paper from old cardboard boxes and three different interlaminar or integral distribution media in a form of chicken feathers mat, one-ply corrugated paper, or one ply of woven e-glass fiber. Table 2 also presents a comparison between the beams and the three most common wood structures used in building construction, and shows that the newly developed material properties matched or superseded that of the wood structures. Using woven E-glass fiber ply as an interlaminar integral distribution media provided ductility and prevented the undesired brittle failure.
  • FIG. 4 shows the use of a panel constructed in accordance with this invention as a hurricane resistant roof for a dwelling H.
  • the roof is a monolithic panel made according to the present invention comprising a composite panel structure having a three dimensional structure with thickness less than about 22.5 cm, overall density less than 0.2 g/cm, and exhibiting a global modulus greater than 1.2 GPa and stiffness greater than 15 kN-m 2 .
  • the panel structure comprises at least two fiber- reinforcing mats 12 interconnected in a spaced substantially parallel configuration by a skeletal web 18.
  • a closed cell foam 20 fills the spaces between the panels.
  • the closed cell foam may be natural, synthetic, or combinations thereof.
  • the mats comprise a plurality of fibers in a resin matrix.
  • the fibers comprise a renewable resource such as cellulose and/or chicken feathers.
  • the skeletal web 18 may also, but does not have to, be constructed by the same materials as the mats 12.
  • the resin is a thermosetting low viscosity resin, and may also be natural, synthetic, or a combination of the two.
  • An optional integral weather-protection layer 22 is also shown.
  • the composite panel composition comprises resin in an amount of between about 30 and 40 wt%, fiber mats in an amount of between about 20 and 40 wt%, and foam in an amount of between about 30 and 40 wt% of the total composite weight.
  • the composites according to the present invention may also be used as a substitute for Stay-in-Place (SIP) bridge forms, the corrugated sheets of material that span the distance between bridge girders.
  • SIP forms are formwork for the concrete bridge deck and are designed to carry the dead load of the deck while the concrete cures.
  • wooden formwork was used for the same purpose, however, wooden forms are labor-intensive, requiring scaffolding to be built from ground-up and then requiring removal after the concrete has cured.
  • Corrugated SIP forms are widely used today. SIP forms are made of light gauge steel, and are approximately two feet (0.610 meters) wide by four (1.22m) to ten (3.05m) feet long. They are screwed into angles that are welded onto bridge stringers.
  • SIP forms manufactured using narrow strips of the composite structure of the present invention can replace the currently used steel forms.
  • the composite beam forms allow the form to "breathe,” and the water to pass through and away from the concrete deck, therefore reducing the risk of corrosion.
  • the form is biodegradable, and will break down naturally to allow bridge inspectors to examine the bottom of the deck.
  • the forms are lightweight compared to their steel counterparts, and allow for faster installation and lower labor costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure de panneau composite tridimensionnelle présentant une épaisseur inférieure à environ 22,5 cm, une densité globale inférieure à 0,2 g/cm, et présentant un module global supérieur à 1,2 GPa et une rigidité supérieure à 15 kN-m2. Cette structure de panneau composite comprend au moins deux mats fibreux interconnectés selon une configuration espacée, sensiblement parallèle, au moyen d'une âme d'ossature, et une mousse à alvéoles fermé remplissant les espaces compris entre les panneaux. Les mats fibreux comprennent une pluralité de fibres prises dans une matrice de résine thermodurcissable durcie, présentant une faible viscosité.
PCT/US2004/034144 2003-10-17 2004-10-15 Panneaux structuraux monolithiques resistants aux ouragans produits a partir de composites de faible densite Ceased WO2005038160A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51254603P 2003-10-17 2003-10-17
US60/512,546 2003-10-17
US10/965,411 2004-10-14
US10/965,411 US20050138891A1 (en) 2003-10-17 2004-10-14 Monolithic hurricane resistant structural panels made from low density composites

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005038160A1 true WO2005038160A1 (fr) 2005-04-28

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WO2010057522A1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-27 Swissfiber Ag Éléments de construction pour bâtiments
FR2940176A1 (fr) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-25 Aircelle Sa Procede de fabrication d'un panneau d'attenuation acoustique, notamment pour l'aeronautique
WO2020028936A1 (fr) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Fast Build Systems Pty Ltd Préforme, structure composite et panneau, et procédés de formation de ceux-ci
CN110952708A (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-03 三一筑工科技有限公司 空腔格构墙体预制件及其制作方法
RU201593U1 (ru) * 2020-08-05 2020-12-22 Владимир Вячеславович Семьянов Кровельная сэндвич-панель

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US7763556B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2010-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Hurricane resistant composites
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US8607531B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2013-12-17 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
US9493938B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2016-11-15 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
US8904737B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2014-12-09 Composite Panel Systems, Llc Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
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US20120085049A1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Schiffmann Glenn P Footer structures and methods, and panel and wall structures using such footer structures
US8648122B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2014-02-11 Sealed Air Corporation (Us) Method of foaming polyolefin using acrylated epoxidized fatty acid and foam produced therefrom
US8739496B2 (en) 2012-10-26 2014-06-03 David Brodowski Structure and construction method using a transparent or translucent member
US9637607B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2017-05-02 Sealed Air Corporation (Us) Method of making foam
US8875475B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2014-11-04 Millport Associates S.A. Multiple panel beams and methods
US20160138267A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-19 Richard Ettinger Polyurethane foam building members for residential and/or commercial buildings
JP6598192B2 (ja) * 2015-06-26 2019-10-30 スモリホールディングス株式会社 間仕切り構造およびその解体方法
US10612237B1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-04-07 Composite Technologies International, Llc Composite panel
US11795688B2 (en) 2020-07-01 2023-10-24 Composite Panel Systems Llc Structural building panels and panel components, panel assemblies, methods of making, and methods of using
CN117734251A (zh) * 2024-01-09 2024-03-22 上海交通大学 大厚度纤维增强复合材料填充夹芯板

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CN112654494A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2021-04-13 法斯特建筑系统私人有限公司 预成型件、复合结构和面板及其形成方法
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