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WO2005036009A1 - Embrayages comprenant un fluide magneto-rheologique - Google Patents

Embrayages comprenant un fluide magneto-rheologique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005036009A1
WO2005036009A1 PCT/GB2004/004297 GB2004004297W WO2005036009A1 WO 2005036009 A1 WO2005036009 A1 WO 2005036009A1 GB 2004004297 W GB2004004297 W GB 2004004297W WO 2005036009 A1 WO2005036009 A1 WO 2005036009A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
gap
mrf
torque
electromagnetic coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2004/004297
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan Wheals
Andrew Turner
Keith Ramsay
James Michael Hey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricardo UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricardo UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricardo UK Ltd filed Critical Ricardo UK Ltd
Publication of WO2005036009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005036009A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D37/00—Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive
    • F16D37/02—Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive the particles being magnetisable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D37/00—Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive
    • F16D2037/005—Clutches in which the drive is transmitted through a medium consisting of small particles, e.g. centrifugally speed-responsive characterised by a single substantially radial gap in which the fluid or medium consisting of small particles is arranged

Definitions

  • the invention relates to clutches of the type including a magneto-rheological fluid and, more specifically, is concerned with a clutch for transmitting torque between two rotary shafts comprising a first rotary member which is opposed to a second rotary member, the two rotary members being accommodated within a housing and defining a gap, the interior of the housing accommodating a magneto-rheological fluid (MRF), the clutch including a first electromagnetic coil, which is operable to alter the viscosity of the MRF and thus to vary the torque transmitted between the two rotary members.
  • MRF magneto-rheological fluid
  • U.S. Patent No. 6032772 discloses a clutch or coupling of the type referred to above which is used to vary the power transmitted from an automotive engine to the cooling fan of the engine.
  • the clutch or coupling disclosed in this document includes two relatively rotatable members, which are connected to the input and output, respectively, and define between them a shear gap in which an MRF is accommodated.
  • An electromagnetic coil is arranged to produce an electromagnetic field in the region occupied by the MRF.
  • electric power is supplied to the electromagnetic coil and the resulting electromagnetic field results, as is known, in an increase in the viscosity of the MRF. This increase in viscosity results in an increase in the torque transmitted between the input and the output.
  • 6032772 would be inherently unsuitable for use as a propulsive power transmission clutch in a motor vehicle because it is necessary in such a vehicle that no torque is applied to the input of the gearbox at those times when a gear change is to be effected because gear changing is effectively impossible under the application of any significant torque.
  • a clutch for transmitting torque between two rotary shafts comprises a first rotary member, which is opposed to a second rotary member, the two rotary members being accommodated within a housing and defining a gap, the interior of the housing accommodating a magneto- rheological fluid (MRF), the clutch including first and second electromagnetic coils, the first electromagnetic coil being so arranged that, when it is energised, it produces an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the said gap and the second electromagnetic coil being so arranged that when it is energised the MRF is caused to move substantially out of the said gap.
  • MRF magneto- rheological fluid
  • the clutch in accordance with the present invention is similar in general terms to that disclosed in US 6032772 in that it includes two rotary members, e.g. clutch plates, which are accommodated within a housing and define a gap.
  • the interior of the housing accommodates MRF which is situated, when the clutch transmits torque, within the gap.
  • An electromagnetic coil is arranged to produce an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the gap and thus to alter the viscosity of the MRF in the gap.
  • the electromagnetic field strength may be increased to a level at which the MRF in the gap becomes effectively solid and the two rotary members are thus effectively locked together and thus rotate at the same speed.
  • the clutch in accordance with the invention also includes one or more second electromagnetic coils so arranged that, when energised, the MRF is caused to move substantially out of the said gap.
  • the clutch is installed in the driveline of a motor vehicle and is thus used to selectively connect the engine output shaft to the gearbox input shaft and it is desired to change gear
  • the first electromagnetic coil is de-energised, whereby the viscosity of the MRF in the gap becomes relatively low.
  • MRF which typically comprises a relatively high viscosity liquid in which a large number of ferromagnetic particles are suspended, has a relatively high viscosity, even when it is not subjected to an electromagnetic field. This residual viscosity would result in the transmission of a not insignificant amount of torque to the output shaft and thus render gear changing effectively impossible.
  • the MRF When the second electromagnetic coil is energised, the MRF may be caused to move simply to a portion of the interior of the housing remote from the gap.
  • the available volume of the interior of the housing is likely in practice to be very small and it is therefore convenient if the interior of the housing communicates with a reservoir and the electromagnetic coils are so arranged that when the second electromagnetic coil is energised at least a proportion of the MRF moves into the reservoir.
  • the first and second rotary members will be connected to input and output shafts, respectively, and the first and second magnetic coils will be connected to a source of electrical power via a controller.
  • the controller will in practice be controlled by the engine management system with which most modern vehicles are now equipped.
  • speed sensors are provided which are arranged to measure the speeds of the input and output shafts and are connected to the controller, which is arranged to control the electrical power supply to the first electromagnetic coil such that the difference between the two measured speeds reaches a predetermined value.
  • a torque sensor is provided, which is arranged to measure the torque transmitted by the output shaft and is connected to the controller, which is arranged to control the increase of electrical power supplied to the first electromagnetic coil such that the rate of rise of torque transmitted by the output shaft does not exceed a predetermined value.
  • the controller is controlled, e.g. by the engine management system, to de-energise the second electromagnetic coil and to re-energise the first electro- magnetic coil.
  • the rate of increase in the power supply to the first electromagnetic coil is controlled in response to the signal from the torque sensor to ensure that the rate of increase in the torque transmitted to the output shaft does not exceed a predetermined value and thus that the clutch does not produce a jerky gear change.
  • the speed sensors will measure the speeds of the input and output shafts and the controller will compute the difference between them and once this difference has fallen to zero, which means that the two shafts are rotating at the same speed, the controller will ensure that there is no further increase in the power supply to the first electromagnetic coil because it is undesirable that the viscosity of the MRF should be increased to a value above that necessary to transmit the full torque from one rotary member to the other because this would result in unnecessary degradation of the MRF.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of one half of the clutch in the configuration in which it is transmitting torque
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the clutch in the configuration in which it is transmitting no torque.
  • the clutch comprises two annular clutch plates 2 and 4, which are connected to rotate with an input shaft 6 and a coaxial output shaft 8, respectively.
  • the two clutch discs are parallel and closely spaced and define between them a gap whose width is only a fraction of a millimetre.
  • the clutch plates 2, 4 are accommodated within a housing 10.
  • the majority of the clutch plates is constituted by non-ferromagnetic material, such as aluminium but their outer portions are constituted by a respective soft iron annular portion 12, 14 and the outer edges of these portions are in sliding contact with or spaced by only a very small distance from respective soft iron cheeks 16, 18 connected to the interior surfaces of the housing 10.
  • the outer annular surface of the space within the housing 10 is constituted by an annular soft iron member 20, outside which is a further annular member 21 of non-ferromagnetic material, such as aluminium.
  • the soft iron members 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 define a small and substantially sealed enclosure 22 within the housing 10, into which the soft iron members 12 and 14 extend.
  • This annular enclosure 22 is partially filled with MRF.
  • MRF any MRF suitable for the particular application may be used but the fluid supplied by Liquids Research Limited under the designation MRHCCS4- B is suitable for this purpose. This comprises a thixotropic liquid with 80% of carbonyl iron particles by mass.
  • Extending around the central portion of the annular soft iron member 20 is a primary electromagnetic coil 26. Also extending around the soft iron member 20 on either side of the coil 26 are two annular secondary electromagnetic coils 28. Extending from the enclosure 22 substantially through the soft iron member 20 in alignment with the secondary coils 28 is a plurality of bores or recesses 30, which together constitute an MRF reservoir.
  • the primary and secondary coils 26 are electrically connected to a controller 32, which is in turn connected to a source of electric power 34, typically the battery of the vehicle in which the clutch is installed.
  • the controller 32 is also connected to a sensor 36 arranged to transmit to the controller a signal indicative of the speed of the input shaft 6.
  • the controller 32 is also connected to a composite speed and torque sensor unit 38 which is arranged to transmit to the controller signals indicative of both the speed of the output shaft 8 and also the torque transmitted by it.
  • the controller 32 When the clutch is to transmit torque, the controller 32 energises the primary coil 26. This produces an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the gap between the two soft iron members 12 and 14 and this field induces the MRF to move to and stay in the position indicated in Figure 1, that is to say in the gap between the two soft iron members 12 and 14 and annular regions adjacent these two members.
  • the magnitude of the power supplied to the coil 26 is such that the viscosity of the MRF in the gap is increased to a level where it is semi- solid and the speed of the two clutch plates 2 and 4 and thus also of the input and output shafts 6 and 8 is therefore the same.
  • the controller 32 under the control of the engine management system, switches off the power supply to the primary coil 26 and simultaneously switches on the power to the secondary coils 28. This results in the MRF vacating the position shown in Figure 1 and moving to the position shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, a proportion of the MRF enters the reservoir 30 and whilst it may all fit into this reservoir, this is not necessary and in the illustrated embodiment a proportion of it fits into the reservoir and the remainder occupies the radially outer region of the enclosure 22. However, as may be seen in Figure 2, all that MRF that was previously in the gap between the two members 12 and 14 has left this gap. No torque whatever is therefore now transmitted between the two clutch plates. The gear changing procedure may therefore now be effected without difficulty.
  • the controller 32 under the control of the engine management system, de-energises the secondary coils 28 and re-energises the primary coil 26.
  • the magnetic field produced by the coil 26 draws the MRF back to the position shown in Figure 1.
  • the power supply to the coil 26 is initially relatively low and the viscosity of the MRF in the gap between the members 12 and 14 therefore reaches only an intermediate value. A certain proportion of the torque in the input shaft is therefore transmitted to the output shaft.
  • the controller 32 is arranged to progressively increase the power supply to the coil 26 and the proportion of the torque that is transmitted to the output shaft 8 therefore increases progressively.
  • the sensor 38 produces a signal indicative of the torque transmitted by the shaft 8 and this signal is transmitted to the controller 32 which ensures that the rate of increase in the supply of electrical power to the coil 26 does not result in the rate of increase in the torque transmitted by the shaft 8 exceeding a predetermined value. Starting from rest of the vehicle and changing gear are thus effected smoothly and without jerkiness.
  • the speed of the shafts 6 and 8 are also measured by the sensors 36 and 38 and the difference between them computed by the controller 32 and once these two shafts are rotating at the same speed, the increase in electrical power supply to the coil 26 is stopped and the power supply is maintained at a constant level or reduced, as appropriate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un embrayage conçu pour transmettre un couple entre deux arbres rotatifs (6, 8), qui comprend une première plaque d'embrayage (2) opposée à une seconde plaque d'embrayage (4). Les deux plaques d'embrayage sont logées dans un boîtier (10) et définissent un espace. L'intérieur du boîtier renferme un fluide magnéto-rhéologique dont au moins une partie se trouve dans un espace. L'embrayage comporte une bobine électromagnétique (26) qui est disposée de façon que, lorsqu'elle activée, elle produit un champ électromagnétique à proximité dudit espace et amène le fluide à remplir cet espace. Le champ électromagnétique fait augmenter la viscosité du fluide et, par conséquent, dans le couple qui se transmet entre les deux plaques d'embrayage. L'embrayage comprend également une seconde bobine électromagnétique (28) disposée de façon que, lorsqu'elle activée, le fluide sort de l'espace et, ainsi, aucun couple ne se transmet entre les deux plaques d'embrayage.
PCT/GB2004/004297 2003-10-08 2004-10-08 Embrayages comprenant un fluide magneto-rheologique Ceased WO2005036009A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0323579.3 2003-10-08
GB0323579A GB0323579D0 (en) 2003-10-08 2003-10-08 Improved magneto rheological couplings with reduced drag

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005036009A1 true WO2005036009A1 (fr) 2005-04-21

Family

ID=29433518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/004297 Ceased WO2005036009A1 (fr) 2003-10-08 2004-10-08 Embrayages comprenant un fluide magneto-rheologique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (2) GB0323579D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005036009A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103148190A (zh) * 2013-03-25 2013-06-12 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变离合、制动、变速控制的传动总成装置
CN103161845A (zh) * 2013-03-25 2013-06-19 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变离合传动装置
CN103363001A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-10-23 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变动力传动装置和控制方法
CN110886793A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-03-17 重庆理工大学 一种内燃机永磁磁流变风扇离合器及风扇

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926764A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-03-01 Gen Motors Corp Magnetic particle coupling
US5598908A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-02-04 Gse, Inc. Magnetorheological fluid coupling device and torque load simulator system
US6032772A (en) * 1998-09-21 2000-03-07 Behr America, Inc. Viscous clutch assembly
US6371267B1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2002-04-16 General Motors Corporation Liquid cooled magnetorheological fluid clutch for automotive transmissions
US6394244B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-05-28 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Magnetic powder clutch
US20020088411A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-07-11 Stretch Dale A. Electronically controlled magnetorheological fluid based cooling fan drive assembly

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2926764A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-03-01 Gen Motors Corp Magnetic particle coupling
US5598908A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-02-04 Gse, Inc. Magnetorheological fluid coupling device and torque load simulator system
US6032772A (en) * 1998-09-21 2000-03-07 Behr America, Inc. Viscous clutch assembly
US6394244B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-05-28 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Magnetic powder clutch
US6371267B1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2002-04-16 General Motors Corporation Liquid cooled magnetorheological fluid clutch for automotive transmissions
US20020088411A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-07-11 Stretch Dale A. Electronically controlled magnetorheological fluid based cooling fan drive assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LAMPE D: "ANWENDUNG VON MAGNETORHEOLOGISCHEN FLUIDEN IN KUPPLUNGEN", ANTRIEBSTECHNIK, KRAUSSKOPF VERLAG FUR WIRTSCHAFT GMBH. MAINZ, DE, vol. 38, no. 7, July 1999 (1999-07-01), pages 59 - 62, XP000832766, ISSN: 0722-8546 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103148190A (zh) * 2013-03-25 2013-06-12 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变离合、制动、变速控制的传动总成装置
CN103161845A (zh) * 2013-03-25 2013-06-19 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变离合传动装置
CN103363001A (zh) * 2013-07-31 2013-10-23 沈锡鹤 一种磁流变动力传动装置和控制方法
CN110886793A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-03-17 重庆理工大学 一种内燃机永磁磁流变风扇离合器及风扇

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0413464D0 (en) 2004-07-21
GB0323579D0 (en) 2003-11-12

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