WO2005030845A1 - スクリュー式加工装置およびそれを用いた製品 - Google Patents
スクリュー式加工装置およびそれを用いた製品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005030845A1 WO2005030845A1 PCT/JP2004/014248 JP2004014248W WO2005030845A1 WO 2005030845 A1 WO2005030845 A1 WO 2005030845A1 JP 2004014248 W JP2004014248 W JP 2004014248W WO 2005030845 A1 WO2005030845 A1 WO 2005030845A1
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- screw
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- starch
- carbon dioxide
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/501—Extruder feed section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing a substance such as decomposition, extraction or chemical synthesis as a fluid in a critical state by compressing a substance together with carbon dioxide gas, that is, under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide.
- the present invention relates to a product using the same, for example, a composition using starch, cellulose, polyester or the like as a raw material, and a molded article such as a foam or a film made of the composition.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a continuous treatment method for deactivating, sterilizing, deodorizing, and extracting a liquid food or liquid medicine using a supercritical fluid or a subcritical fluid.
- a liquid-gas separation process that separates high-pressure carbon dioxide from a high-pressure gas-liquid mixed fluid in a critical state into high-pressure carbon dioxide that melts liquid substances, and high pressure that melts the separated liquid substances It has been proposed to use a decompression step in which carbon dioxide gas is rapidly decompressed to discharge low-temperature carbon dioxide gas by decriticalization, perform enzyme inactivation treatment, pasteurization treatment, and flavor extraction treatment.
- Patent Document 2 the recovered polyester product is crushed into flakes, washed, devolatilized and dried in a screw-type kneading extruder for the previous step, and a modifier and a catalyst are added thereto. And a supercritical fluid is added by a screw extruder for post-process.
- a method and an apparatus for recycling a recovered polyester product while foaming and extruding the product has been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a tissue, a cell, a microorganism, or a processed product thereof of an organism having an ability to selectively generate a polyhydric alcohol aromatic carboxylic acid from an aromatic polyhydric alcohol.
- reaction conditions include the region of supercritical carbon dioxide gas and that the reaction may be performed under supercritical carbon dioxide gas
- the specific production method is completely described as an example. Only the reaction under normal pressure is described.
- thermoplasticity to starch is obtained by modifying starch, and various proposals have already been made.
- thermoplastic starch and thermoplastic resin are polyblended, and a molded product thereof.
- Patent Document 4 proposes that an ester group or the like is introduced into the glucose main chain of starch to impart flexibility to the starch main chain and to impart thermoplasticity to the starch. .
- an ester group or the like is introduced into the glucose main chain of starch to impart flexibility to the starch main chain and to impart thermoplasticity to the starch.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a starch and thermoplastic resin, particularly a biodegradable resin, in which an ester group or the like is introduced into the glucose main chain of starch to impart flexibility to the starch main chain and impart thermoplasticity. And polyblended compositions are described. However, there is no description of a special raw material supply section and an orifice section in the reactor of this document.
- thermoplastic composition In general, when molding a thermoplastic composition, it is often the case to heat and mold at a high temperature.
- Konnyaku flying powder refers to powder that is selectively removed as an impurity when producing fine powder of Konyataka darkomannan. It is called flying powder because it uses the difference in specific gravity at the time of sorting and flies it off by wind power.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes the results of component analysis of flying powder! RU
- the components of flour are 4.0% moisture, 17.0% protein, 5.5% fat, 8.5% ash, and 60-65% carbohydrate.
- the water-insoluble component is 40-42%. Most of the water-soluble components are water-soluble dalcomannans, and most of the water-insoluble components are dusted.
- Fly powder contains such a large amount of starch, and its strength is different from glucose.
- Mannose which is different from glucose, can be found in nature in a free form in which a hydroxyl group is sterically arranged on the same side as a methylol group. It has no unique structure. However, flour was only regarded as industrial waste, and there was no concrete attempt to actively use it.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a film made of a biodegradable blend polymer obtained by blending a hydrolyzed polycondensed starch with a biodegradable resin. Although the film obtained here has an appropriate tensile strength, it is easily broken when used for a garbage bag having a small tear strength, which is a practical problem. Patent Document 5 does not describe a bridge reaction that is considered to contribute to the tear strength, but describes any means for actually increasing the tear strength.
- Okara is generated as a by-product of tofu in an amount of 74.460 million tons per year, and a very small part of it is used as food and feed. However, these consumptions are extremely small compared to the amount generated, and are combined with their high nutritional value and perishable nature, making them difficult to store and store. Most of them are incinerated as waste.
- the average moisture content of okara is about 81%, and the dry matter content of many components is rich in nutrition: 4.8% protein, 3.6% fat, 9.7% carbohydrates, 0.8% ash. It contains a lot of water and protein! / This is because the squeezing efficiency of soymilk is not good and soymilk remains in the okara.
- Patent Document 6 states that “one or more plant food residues selected from okara, coffee scum, socks, or rice husks. The slag is dried to a moisture content of 15% or less, preferably 5-10%, and further finely pulverized to produce a mixed pellet comprising plant food residue powder and constarch having a size of 30 microns or less, Next, the mixed pellets and the biodegradable plastic with good fluidity are mixed with stirring at a mixing ratio of 10-50: 90-50 at a specific gravity of 0.8-1.2, and injection molding is performed. Production method for producing molded articles at a low cost "has been proposed. However, pre-drying of a large amount of water contained in okara was necessary, and no consideration was given to the odor of power that was not economical.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a "vegetable food processing residue composite molding material which is a product of dry mechanical pulverization of a mixture of vegetable food processing residue, polyolefin, and maleic acid or maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin". It has been proposed.
- Patent Document 8 also states that "in order to prevent degradation of the food residue during mixing and degradation of quality, no mechanical energy is applied to the food residue and polyolefin under dry conditions. And melt-kneading. " However, any of the proposals is a method of mechanically crushing while drying the pre-dried power, and requires the pre-drying of a large amount of water as in the case of Patent Document 6, which is economical. No consideration was given to the smell of naguokara.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of imparting thermoplasticity to starch and mixing and molding the same with thermoplastic resin.
- okara in combination with consideration for the unpleasant odor.
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- PET bottles collected by local governments are crushed, washed, and distributed as flakes, and these flakes are molded by injection molding machines, or formed into sheets by extruders into egg packs, and reused. .
- Some of the flakes are recovered as dimethyl terephthalate by methanolysis with methanol, polymerized again, and reused.
- PET is a foam made of injection-molded and extruded products.
- High-purity and sharp melting points make it difficult to handle injection-molded products.
- Patent Document 9 a method of substantially lowering the melting point by copolymerization and giving a broad melting point to PET has been proposed in Patent Document 9 as a method of solving the handling problems during molding. ing.
- Patent Document 10 describes a proposal of blending 5 to 30 parts by weight and, if necessary, 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a polyolefin resin.
- polyolefins when polyolefins are used, addition of non-condensation polymers such as epoxidized block copolymers requires special separation for reuse when recovered, which is preferable for resource recovery work. I don't.
- Patent Document 11 describes a method for producing a branched PET foam by adding a compound of a Group 2 or Group 3 metal.
- this proposal had the disadvantage that the melting behavior, such as the melting point of PET, did not change significantly, and the melt viscosity changed significantly with temperature.
- Polyester elastomer is known as a material for compensating for the disadvantage of poor weather resistance of polyurethane, and is composed of a hard segment and a soft segment.
- JP 11-1 JP 11-1
- Gelatin is made from bone marrow, such as the spine, at the risk of mad cow disease (BSE), accounting for about 75%, and was banned from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare as a raw material for oral capsules in 2004.
- Patent Document 13 describes “capsules for oral administration without using gelatin, their composition and production method”, and proposes gelatin-free oral capsules for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, bath salts, and dietary supplements.
- the proposals are: a) 8-50% by weight of a water-dispersible or water-soluble plasticizer, b) 0.5-12% by weight of 13 ⁇ 4 & .- carrageenan, c) 0-60% by weight of dextrin and 1-95% by weight of water
- a capsule prepared from The kappa.-carrageenan is at least 50% by weight in the composition and uses all seaweed-derived polysaccharides in all gum components that form or contribute to the formation of thermoplastic gels.
- capsules for oral medicine or cosmetics may contain a full content of patient and purpose-based contents, and that the capsules are aqueous, and the film is a) 8-50% by weight water Consists of a dispersing or water-soluble plasticizer and b) carrageenan.
- Carrageenan is a gum that forms or contributes at least 50-75% by weight of .kappa.-carrageenan or 50-75% by weight of a thermoplastic 'geno'.
- a method of manufacturing a capsule in which such a composition is heated, cast or extruded into a film, the gel is cooled, and the contents are sealed in the gel (usually of a film).
- this proposal requires a special polysaccharide kappa.-carrageenan, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the method for producing capsules is limited to the wet coagulation method, which is disadvantageous in terms of production efficiency.
- Patent Document 14 discloses a "soft capsule manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof".
- the manufacturing method of capsules using gelatin is a manufacturing method using a rotating die roll.
- This is a device for manufacturing a soft capsule in which a filling material such as a drug solution is enclosed from two gelatin sheets, and a curved dent surrounded by curved outer peripheral portions on the left and right sides on the upper surface side between a pair of die rolls 310, 310 that are close to each other.
- a plurality of rows of nozzle holes corresponding to a plurality of rows of die roll capsule pockets 311 are provided in the inverted ridge of the nozzle segment.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-204942 A
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2000-264998
- Patent Document 3 JP 2001-46093 A
- Patent Document 4 WO 03/014164 A
- Patent Document 5 WO 03/014217 A
- Patent Document 6 JP 2001-81201 A
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-2002-186948
- Patent Document 8 JP-A-2002-371187
- Patent Document 9 JP-A-2000-351117
- Patent Document 10 PCTZJP01Z06823
- Patent Document 11 JP-A-8-151470
- Patent Document 12 WO01Z079323
- Patent Document 13 USP 6,214,376
- Patent Document 14 JP-A-11-221267
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kochi University of Technology graduate School 2002 Master's Thesis, Kaori Ishikawa, "Examination of Effective Use of” Koniyak Hidari "; Resource Utilization Using Biological Techniques"
- Unique products that can be efficiently used for example, thermoplastic compositions and molded products having film-forming ability mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins such as starch and cellulose, as well as polyester foams, oblates, and pharmaceuticals
- Another object of the present invention is to provide edible materials such as thickeners for cosmetics, thickeners for food, and gelled products at low cost.
- the present invention provides a product which has thermoplastic properties, flexibility, and mechanical properties sufficient for practical use as a capsule and has appropriate water-solubility or water-disintegrability in a state free of off-flavor.
- Another object is to provide a non-thermoplastic material using polysaccharides such as polyvalent cellulose and starch as main raw materials.
- the above-mentioned problem is solved by continuously compressing various substances together with carbon dioxide gas to form a fluid in a critical state.
- the temperature By setting the temperature to 10 to 1500 mZ seconds, the composition containing polysaccharides and proteins as the main component is made into a thermoplastic composition with film forming ability (forming ability), and starch, cellulose, proteins, etc. are made of thermoplastic composition without odor. This makes it possible to subject an aromatic polyester to a transesterification reaction and process it into a reusable foam.
- a composition containing at least one of a polysaccharide and a protein as a main component is processed in the critical state, and then heated and pressurized to obtain a thermoplastic composition having no off-odor. it can.
- the composition processed in the critical state preferably contains a thermoplastic resin and Z or a plasticizer.
- the composition is a polysaccharide. At least one selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of acids and phenols. It is better to add some kind of compound.
- the aromatic polyester can be processed as a fluid in the above-mentioned critical state together with a copolymerization component and a branching agent for lowering the melting point, to give a foam containing a branched copolymer.
- the apparatus of the present invention is a screw-type pumping apparatus with an orifice for processing a substance into a fluid in a critical state by continuously compressing the substance with carbon dioxide gas.
- the shaft of the screw was made thinner, and a decompression section with an increased void volume between the screw blades (or threads) was provided.
- Carbon dioxide gas was introduced into this decompression section, and after this decompression section, the shaft was again turned on. Thicker, and the compression section that also has a screw force that narrows the distance between the blades is located.
- the thickness of the shaft is made substantially the same as the inner circumference of the barrel, and an orifice is provided on the surface or around the shaft.
- the raw material can be continuously processed on a series of screws.
- supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas, methanol or the like can be obtained. The effect can be efficiently received.
- the device should be designed so that the maximum flow rate of the material passing through the orifice is 10 to 1500 cmZ seconds.
- the screw of the raw material supply unit is a biaxial screw in which the rotation ratio of the main screw and the sub screw is 1: 2 and the arrangement of adjacent paddles is not less than 60 degrees and not more than 180 degrees.
- a low-viscosity raw material which is conventionally difficult to supply with a screw can be efficiently compressed and supplied.
- the orifice is provided with a partial screw having a reverse taper and a sub-screw which rotates in a reverse direction.
- thermoplastic compositions obtained by processing natural products such as starch, cellulose, and proteins thermoplastic compositions obtained by processing aromatic polycondensates such as aromatic polyesters; And molded products such as foams, films, capsules, and the like, thickeners, and gely swords.
- a sample lOg is placed in a 20 ml vial, which is a starch composition to which thermoplasticity has been imparted but does not have a burnt odor even when heated, and is placed at 180 ° C for 1 minute. It is possible to provide a thermoplastic starch composition in which the total amount of the nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components contained in the headspace after the heating is less than 10 ppm.
- the nitrogen-containing cyclic odor component is generally 5-acetylinole 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine, 2-acetyl-tetrahydropyridine, 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline, 2-acetyl-pyrroline, acetyl-virazine and the like.
- the strong starch composition is prepared by adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acids and phenols in an amount of 0.01-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the starch, and hydrolyzing the starch. It is obtained by dehydration-condensation polymerization.
- the starch composition may be blended with a thermoplastic resin.
- the starch composition is used as a main raw material to obtain a molded product having practical utility such as a capsule.
- the present invention can also provide a biodegradable sheet mainly comprising a film-forming polysaccharide and a biodegradable resin and containing 0.01 to 3% by weight of a mannose component.
- This sheet enables production of a sheet having more practical strength by incorporating a mannose component, which is a component of dalcomannan contained in the flying powder, into the biodegradable sheet.
- the content of the mannose component may be 0.01 to 3% by weight, but is preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight.
- the sheet may contain a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer it is preferable to use at least one kind of a material selected from the group consisting of glycol, glycerin, sorbitol and a mixture thereof.
- the starch contained in the flying powder functions as a part of the polysaccharide.
- a molded article composed of a composition mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin and a power containing a large amount of protein and cellulose, 5 g of a sample is placed in a 20 ml vial, and 180 ° C. It is also possible to obtain a product in which the total amount of hexanal and hexanol contained in the headspace after heating for 1 minute is 5 ppm or less. Provided.
- a branched polyester copolymer molded article obtained by reacting a dialcohol with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and Z or hydroxydicarboxylic acid, or a polymer thereof, in the presence of a branching agent, having a melting point peak temperature of 120 ° C to 190 ° C.
- a practical polyester molded product having a temperature of ° C can be easily obtained.
- This molded article may be molded with an injection molded article, an extruded molded article, or an extruded foam, and the component (B) is used to reduce the melting point of PET appropriately to improve workability.
- the component (B) is used to obtain high-quality molded products at a low cost. Even if the component (B) is used in the form of a monomer, it can be used as a polymer such as polybutylene adipate or polybutylene adipate terephthalate. Regardless of whether it is used in the form or not, it is preferred that it be copolymerized with at least a part of PET in the presence of a branching agent to form a molded article as a branched polyester copolymer.
- the ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is not particularly limited, but the component (B) is 5 to 50 parts by weight, particularly about 10 to 40 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the component (A). It is preferred that
- the molded article is a foam, it is preferably a gas foam having an expansion ratio of 4 to 50 times.
- the polyester foam molded article is characterized in that: (A) an aromatic polyester (polyethylene terephthalate ⁇ polybutylene terephthalate, etc.); and (B) an aliphatic dialcohol having 114 carbon atoms.
- a branched polyester copolymer having a melting point peak temperature of 150 ° C. to 195 ° C. obtained by reacting an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and Z or hydroxydicarboxylic acid or a polymer thereof in the presence of a branching agent.
- Such a foam molded article can be formed by any of injection molding, extrusion molding, and extrusion molding, and can also be provided in the form of beads.
- component (B) is intended to lower the melting point of aromatic polyester such as PET appropriately to obtain inexpensive and high-quality molded products with good workability.
- aromatic polyester such as PET
- branching agent Used in the form of polybutylene adipate or polybutylene adipate terephthalate, or in the presence of a branching agent, regardless of whether it is used in the form of a polymer. It is preferable to polymerize and form a molded article as a branched polyester copolymer.
- thermoplastic composition having strength such as starch, cellulose, and protein is used as a capsule, an oblate, a pharmaceutical, a cosmetic thickener, a food thickener, an edible material. It is also possible to provide as.
- the method of the present invention can widely and easily carry out decomposition, mixing or extraction of a substance.
- a natural product such as a polysaccharide or a protein
- the natural product specific to the natural product can be easily processed. It removes off-flavors and makes it possible to manufacture sheets and molded products with excellent mechanical properties.
- the screw-type processing apparatus of the present invention makes it possible to continuously perform all processing steps such as decomposition, mixing or extraction of a substance under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide using a series of screws.
- the equipment is inexpensive and economical because the process is not diverse.
- liquid raw materials can also be supplied and mixed, and raw materials that cause dilatancy, such as starch water, can be supplied using paddles with different peripheral speeds. Excellent in nature.
- starch which is a non-thermoplastic raw material, is used.
- Natural products such as cellulose, cellulose, and proteins can be easily prepared into thermoplastic compositions. Further, a molded article such as a foam, a film, or a capsule can be produced by processing an aromatic condensation polymer such as polyester.
- thermoplastic composition removes off-flavors peculiar to natural products contained in raw materials.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram showing a raw material supply section and a low-pressure carbon dioxide gas supply section in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 A schematic view showing a compression section in the example in FIG.
- FIG. 3 Schematic diagram of the supercritical or subcritical chemical reaction section and orifice section of the example of Fig. 1
- FIG. 4 Schematic view of the take-out section of the example of Fig. 1
- FIG. 5 Graph showing paddle arrangement of main screw and sub-screw in the example of FIG.
- the substance supplied to the raw material supply section X is continuously supplied to the carbon dioxide supply section Y while being compressed by the screw of the compression section C, and the volume of the substance is rapidly changed and the pressure is reduced. It is sent to the screw of the following compression section F while receiving the action of carbon dioxide gas introduced from.
- the substance together with the carbon dioxide gas is sent from the carbon dioxide supply section Y, ie, the decompression section E, to the compression section F, where the substance is placed under or near supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide pressure conditions.
- the substance can be reliably placed under the supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide pressure conditions, and processing such as decomposition, mixing or extraction of the substance can be ensured.
- the shape of the orifice 17 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a spiral or straight groove provided on the shaft surface, a minute gap between the barrel and the shaft, a general throttle orifice, and the like.
- the maximum flow velocity (defined by the minimum cross-sectional area of the orifice and the extrusion amount) through which the substance under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas passes through the orifice 17 should be designed to be 10 to 1500 cm Z seconds.
- the raw material supply section X may be a single screw or a twin screw. However, by using a twin screw as shown in FIG. Raw materials can be supplied efficiently.
- This biaxial screw is designed such that the rotation ratio of the main screw 1 and the sub-screw 2 is 1: 2, and the arrangement of the adjacent paddles 23 and 24 is not less than 60 degrees and not more than 180 degrees. It was done.
- the number of rotations of the main screw 1 and the sub-screw 2 is reversed by setting the number of teeth of the main gear 3 and the sub-gear 4 to 2: 1 so that the sub-screw 2 is rotated at twice the speed of the main screw 1.
- the raw material in the groove of the main screw 1 can be efficiently removed by the paddle 24 of the sub-rotation 2 of the reverse rotation having a different peripheral speed and can be supplied without unevenness.
- the taper of the compression part D of the sub-screw 2 is configured to be an inverse taper that becomes thinner as it goes forward, so that a liquid material with extremely low viscosity can be supplied by the main screw 1.
- FIG. 5 is an example in which the angle difference of the paddle arrangement is 120 degrees, and the relative positional relationship between the paddles 23 and 24 when the sub-screw 2 is rotated and the main screw 1 is rotated half a turn is changed from 24a to 24b. Indicates that it has moved. In this way, a collision between paddles can be avoided with an angle difference of 120 degrees.
- the compression ratio of the reverse tapered portion of the subscrew 2 is preferably from 0.9 to 0.5. Further, the compression ratio of the main screw 1 is preferably 1 to 3 in order to fill and supply the raw material into the groove of the screw. In the compression section D of the sub-screw 2, the single-screw is filled with the raw material by the groove having the double pitch. The backflow of carbon dioxide gas to the main screw 1 can be prevented by the filled raw material. Note that a cooling pipe 10 may be attached to the barrel 8 of the decompression section E so that the temperature in the carbon dioxide gas supply section Y is excessive.
- the depth of the groove is increased and the compression ratio is set to 0.1.
- the pressure is reduced to 0.3, the pressure is maintained at 50 KPa to 100 KPa, and the supply of carbon dioxide gas is facilitated.
- the carbon dioxide gas varies depending on the blending amount, but is supplied from the carbon dioxide gas nozzle 9 through a cylinder, a pressure control valve, and a flow meter.
- the carbon dioxide gas nozzle 9 can be adjusted by a needle valve in order to supply a constant amount of carbon dioxide gas, and is preferably provided with a check valve therein for the purpose of preventing the backflow of the raw material.
- a mixing compression section F is provided next to the carbon dioxide supply section Y (decompression section E).
- the compression section F further includes a mixing shear section G that periodically changes the depth of the screw groove. It is also possible to apply a shear force to the raw material. In addition, this structure provides a sealing effect, and can more reliably obtain the supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas pressure condition.
- the compression ratio of the compression section F is preferably 2 to 4.
- a multi-stage mixing / compressing section H may be provided, and a part of the raw material may be back-flowed and doubling to further improve the mixing effect.
- the screw groove By making the screw groove a double groove and a four groove, and partially cutting the raw material, the raw material is partially transferred to the next groove, so that doubling and mixing can be performed at the same time without adding much elasticity and sealing can be performed.
- the doubling effect can be exponentially increased by the frequency of notches and the number of grooves.
- a stagnation section J may be provided next to the compression section F. Providing the stagnation portion J can extend the operation time of the chemical action under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas conditions. The size of the stagnation section J should be appropriately determined according to the required stagnation time, and in some cases, the multi-stage mixed compression section H can be substituted.
- an eight-roller portion K that can be replaced with a pushing with an appropriate clearance is provided, and a force that cannot be crushed by supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas chemistry in the raw material and a shear force.
- the grains may be crushed to prevent clogging of the orifice 17.
- the outlet may be immediately used.
- the take-out portion of the main screw 1 reversely tapered, the pressure is gradually reduced, and it is possible to take out the force at normal pressure. It is also possible to incorporate a cooling pipe into the barrel of this part and to cool it to a temperature where it can be easily removed.
- a decompression section M is provided next to the orifice section L, and the substance collected from the vent hole 18 is taken out under reduced pressure through a normal pressure or a vacuum pump suction hole 19, and rapidly cooled by evaporation heat. And can be taken out. In some cases, a dehydration reaction or dehydration condensation is performed at this stage.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which a reverse taper and a reverse-rotating sub-screw driven by gears of a main gear 25 and a sub-gear 26 are partially provided in the pressure reducing section M.
- the flight shape is most preferably a paddle shape, but a full flat shape generally employed in a twin-screw extruder is also effective.
- the subscrew paddle 28 is manufactured so that the valley diameter becomes extremely narrow toward the tip, so that the flow of the reactant becomes rapid!
- a die 21 is generally used for the outlet.
- the next step is the shape of the die hole 22 of the die 21 Is selected as appropriate.
- the shape of the die hole 22 can be a slit shape, which enables continuous production of a film or sheet.
- the processing substance is taken out in the form of a cord and cut with a cutter to produce pellets, extruded into a sheet, to produce square pellets, or to produce round pellets with a hot cutter. Or you can. In some cases, it is better to remove it in liquid form.
- compression sections C and D decompression section E, compression section F, mixing and shearing section G, mixing and compression section H, stagnation section J, roller section K , orifice section L and decompression section M can be briefly described as follows. It is right.
- the pressure in the compression sections C and D is increased to 40-60 kgZcm 2 ! .
- Carbon dioxide gas supplied in the decompression section E or steam generated in the compression section F is sealed in the compression section C and does not return to the hopper hole.
- the pressure in the decompression section E is reduced to -0.5-1.0 atm by the raw material flowing from the compression section C, where the pressure is high, into the area where the screw root diameter is small at a stretch.
- the depressurizing section E has a large groove cross-sectional area and is sent to the compressing section F where the molten raw material is not filled.
- the raw material in which the molten raw material is mixed with carbon dioxide gas is filled after the compressing section F.
- a carbon dioxide gas source pressure of 5 kgZcm 2 in the carbon dioxide gas nozzle 9 is sufficient.
- the cooling pipe 10 When a raw material containing a large amount of water is passed, it is cooled by the cooling pipe 10 in order to prevent generation of steam in the decompression section E.
- the bar heater 11 and the band heater 12 are not used or are set sufficiently below 100 ° C.
- the mixing / shearing section G and the mixing / compressing section H kneading / shearing is repeated, and the molten material whose pressure has increased increases in a part of the compression section and the stagnation section J, for example, to a supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide state.
- the solid core that is not refined has a structure that is crushed by the main screw and roll. If grinding is not necessary, the roll can be removed and replaced with an attachment (pushing).
- the molten raw material becomes more fluid.
- Supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide chemistry is performed by, for example, chemical decomposition such as hydrolysis, alcoholysis, or enzymatic decomposition, mixing of fine particles without surface treatment, mixing of liquid and polymer, and use of a compatibilizer. Chemistry such as mixing of insoluble polymers, solvent extraction, and steam extraction.
- the catalyst, auxiliary raw materials, and the like may be supplied quantitatively as appropriate to the raw material supply unit, or may be supplied quantitatively from a low-pressure carbon dioxide gas supply unit.
- polysaccharides starch, kenaf, nocus, cellulose and the like
- proteins, fats, and the like are used as raw materials to decompose into oligosaccharides, oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, amino acids, alcohols, and the like.
- an acid is used for saccharides
- an alkali or an enzyme such as amylase, peptidase or lipase is used for proteins.
- the supercritical condition of carbon dioxide gas is 31 ° C and 7MPa, but when using the enzyme as a catalyst, it is preferable to operate in a temperature range where the enzyme is not deactivated, for example, 35 to 40 ° C and 7MPa or more. .
- a temperature range where the enzyme is not deactivated for example, 35 to 40 ° C and 7MPa or more.
- an acid or an alkali as a catalyst, it is preferable to increase the temperature because the reaction efficiency increases and productivity can be improved.
- a so-called PET bottle is collected, crushed flakes are supplied to the chemical action device of the present invention with flakes and methanol, and polyethylene terephthalate is subjected to alcoholysis with methanol to be collected as terephthalic acid methyl ester. it can. After rectification and removal of impurities, the methyl terephthalate is polymerized again to obtain the polyethylene. Lenterephthalate can be produced. Alternatively, ethylenediol may be used in place of methanol and recovered as bishydroxyethylene terephthalate, and similarly, polyethylene terephthalate can be produced. It is preferable to increase the temperature of the alcoholysis because the reaction efficiency increases and the productivity can be improved.
- the mixing of the fine particles into the polymer is often performed by using a twin-screw extruder after the surface treatment is usually performed, but the mixing of the fine particles is difficult.
- the secondary agglomeration of fine particles is pulverized by applying a spring force at the mixing and compressing section G, and then pulverizing. Since the fine particles are mixed at a low viscosity in a supercritical or subcritical state, no pretreatment for mixing the fine particles is required.
- a kneading twin-screw extruder When mixing a liquid and a polymer, a kneading twin-screw extruder is generally used in many cases! However, a method of adding a liquid having an appropriate vent pore force while the polymer is molten has been adopted. You. However, due to the structure of the twin-screw extruder, the residence time is very long, and it takes a long time to switch between varieties when cleaning varieties, which is economically disadvantageous. Structures 6 and 7 are easy to remove and easy to clean, and the main screw 1 is a single axis, which is advantageous for switching varieties with short residence time. In this example, a rod heater 11 is attached to the receiving structures 6 and 7. Further, band heaters 12 and 13 may be appropriately attached to the barrel surface.
- orange peel is directly supplied as a raw material to the chemical action device of the present invention, and limonene can be extracted from the orange peel. It is preferable to increase the extraction temperature to near the boiling point of limonene because the extraction efficiency increases and the productivity can be improved.
- the extracted crude limonene is rectified, improved in purity and used.
- the polysaccharide used in the present invention includes cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, dextrin, dalcomannan and the like.
- Starch is a three-dimensional giant polymer. Its components are amylose and amylopectin. Amylose can form a linear polymer. Amylopectin can form a three-dimensional structure. For thermoplasticity, linear polymer formation is preferred.
- Cellulose such as cellulose and hemicellulose is a linear polymer
- Thermoplastics such as cellulose-nitrate are suitable for sheet forming. These processed products are expensive.
- inexpensive non-thermoplastic raw materials for example, common dissolved pulp and powdered pulp can be used.
- Starch amylose can also be used as a polysaccharide, and may contain amylopectin in small amounts.
- oxidized starch or karoe starch may be used. In order to obtain stable quality, it is preferable that the raw materials are fixed and the fluctuation power S is small.
- Starch also contains about 40% by weight of flour, so if mannose is supplied by flour, it will be added in an amount of 0.04 to 12% by weight.
- the total amount of polysaccharides is preferably 40% by weight. If the amount of polysaccharide is small, the production cost becomes high and it is not economically preferable. If the amount of polysaccharide is too large, the tensile strength becomes small, which is not preferable.
- the starch composition of the present invention is a starch composition in which the total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components contained in the headspace after heating at 180 ° C for 1 minute is less than 10 ppm.
- the present invention also includes a starch composition blended with a thermoplastic resin, and a molded product produced using the starch composition as a main raw material.
- the total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components contained in the headspace after heating at 180 ° C for 1 minute in the starch composition may be less than lOppm, but is particularly preferably lppm or less, more preferably 0.1 ppm or less. lppm or less.
- the popcorn odor may also be a nitrogen-containing cyclic odor component such as 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine, 2-acetyl-tetrahydropyridine, 2-propionyl-1pyrroline, 2-acetyl-1pyrroline, and acetylvirazine.
- a nitrogen-containing cyclic odor component such as 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine, 2-acetyl-tetrahydropyridine, 2-propionyl-1pyrroline, 2-acetyl-1pyrroline, and acetylvirazine.
- the odor component smells in a very small amount, in the case of a composition, the vapor pressure of the odor component is important, and the vapor pressure changes depending on the type of the fragrance component and the solubility of the composition.
- the compounds used for neutralization include acids, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, nitric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, cunic acid, Carboxylic acids such as malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid; and phenols such as phenol, p-ditrophenol, cresol, p-ditrocresol, naphthol and 2,6-dimethoate Xyphenol, 2,6-dihydroxy-4methoxyacetophenone, isobutyl p-oxybenzoate, isopropyl p-oxybenzoate, ethyl ethyl p-oxybenzoate, butyl p-oxybenzoate, propyl p-oxybenzoate And compounds having a phenolic hydroxy
- a plasticizer may be used as an auxiliary means for imparting thermoplasticity to starch.
- Alcohols such as glycol, glycerin and sorbitol are often used as plasticizers. However, in many cases, the alcohol reacts with the carboxylic acid-based organic acid first to form an ester, does not react with the aroma component, and the aroma component remains.
- aromatics having an acidic hydroxyl group do not react with alcohols, and therefore can be used in combination with alcoholic plasticizers. Therefore, when using an organic acid as a fragrance component neutralizer, it is necessary to check in advance that the plasticizer does not react with the fragrance component.
- Some phenols are already specified as food additives, and it is more preferable to select them.
- the amount of flavor components that also generate polysaccharide power such as starch is very small. Therefore, the amount of acid required for neutralization may be small.
- starch is hydrolyzed by an acid, and if used in large amounts, the molecular weight of starch will be significantly reduced. Therefore, excessive use of starch must be avoided.
- the amount of the acid used is preferably 0.5% by weight or less and 0.01% by weight or more based on the weight of the starch. If the content is less than 0.01% by weight, it cannot be avoided that the generation of aroma components is perceived as an off-odor upon heating. Particularly preferred is from 0.1 to 0.05% by weight.
- the amount of neutralizing acid is small, so there is no hygiene problem even if it is a food additive even if it is a food additive.
- thermoplasticity for example, a known method described in Patent Document 4 can be used.
- the starch composition of the present invention can be produced by adding an appropriate amount of a neutralizing acid that is more than an aroma component.
- Patent Document 4 states that “starch and a compound that forms an ester group are converted to a supercritical or subcritical state of carbon dioxide in the presence of water and carbon dioxide (for example, at a temperature of 100 to 350 ° C.). (Preferably 135-200 C, maximum reaction pressure 7.48-29.4 MPa, preferably 15.7-23.5 MPa)). Can be introduced.
- the amount of carbon dioxide gas used can be, for example, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight based on water.
- the carbon dioxide gas acts catalytically during the starch decomposition reaction. Therefore, even a very small amount is effective.
- a smaller amount is more practicable because the decrease in starch molecular weight is less.
- the maximum reaction pressure can be economically lower than Patent Document 1 under conditions that are milder, for example, 2-29.4 MPa, and preferably 3-6 MPa. "If the pressure is too low, the reaction rate decreases. If the pressure is too high, the resulting hydrolyzed polycondensed starch may be colored, the molecular weight may be significantly reduced, and embrittlement.
- the reaction time may be, for example, 110 minutes, preferably If the time is too long, the resulting hydrolyzed polycondensed starch may be colored, and the molecular weight may be significantly reduced or embrittled. In some cases, a hydrolyzed and condensed polymerized starch having high performance may not be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 describes that a pressure of 6 MPa or less is sufficient to impart thermoplasticity to starch. Newly found
- the amount of water used is, for example, 30-80 parts by weight, preferably 50- 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight (excluding water) of starch and water (normally 12-13% by weight) contained in starch. If the amount of water is too small, the conversion of starch decreases. If the amount of water is too large, the rate of dehydration-condensation polymerization decreases, the recovery of molecular weight decreases, and the water content obtained decreases. The molecular weight of the depolymerized starch tends to decrease, and the energy required for dehydration for recovering the hydrolyzed polycondensed starch increases, which is economically unfavorable. " Was done. The acid used for neutralization is dissolved in this water and supplied.
- the starch composition of the present invention can be used in combination with a biodegradable resin.
- biodegradable resins include starch fatty acid ester, starch polyester, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-caprolataton-butylene succinate), polycaprolactaton, polylactic acid, polylactic acid / diol dicarboxylic acid copolymer, polyester Carbonate, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene succinate 'co' adipate, polybutylene adipate 'Co' terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate succinate and the like.
- aromatic biodegradable resins such as polybutylene adipate "co. Terephthalate” and polyethylene terephthalate succinate are preferable because they have high elongation and high heat resistance.
- polylactic acid will be the cheapest economically. If a hard texture is required for the molded product, polylactic acid may be blended.
- the molded product contains 40-90% by weight of biodegradable resin. If the amount of the biodegradable resin is small, the tensile strength decreases, and if it exceeds 90% by weight, the effect of using starch is reduced. Preferably it is 45-70% by weight.
- the molded product of the starch composition of the present invention can be formed into a film and used as an edible packaging material such as an oblate or a capsule by appropriately using only edible raw materials. It can also be added to foods as an edible thickener, and gelatin-free jelly can be produced. Furthermore, since the components after biodegradation are limited to edible components, they can be used as capsules for agricultural fertilizers and seeds.
- the molded product comprising a mixture of the starch and the thermoplastic resin of the present invention can be formed by a molding method generally used for thermoplastic resins, such as extrusion molding, injection molding, blown film molding, ⁇ die film molding, and the like.
- Various molded products can be produced by a production method such as blow molding and rotational molding, and the present invention is not limited to these molding methods.
- the corn odor was measured by placing 10 g of a sample in a 20-ml vial, heating at 180 ° C for 1 minute, and heating the headspace at 180 ° C for 5 acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4 thiazine.
- 2-acetyl-tetrahydropyridine, 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline, 2-acetyl-pyrroline, acetyl-virazine and other nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components were measured by GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer) according to the standard method. did.
- Polyethylene is often used for garbage bags and the like, and polyethylene includes HDPE (high density polyethylene) and LDPE (low density polyethylene). Both have different catalysts and different physical properties. HDPE also has a linear polymer force, and LDPE consists of a branched polymer.
- HDPE is hard LDPE is soft. Films made from moderately branched LDPE have the drawback of high elongation and high tear strength, making it difficult to open holes, but the present invention does not suffer from such drawbacks. Make it possible.
- the present inventor has found that a water-soluble low-molecular-weight dalcomannan can be added to a linear polysaccharide (for example, dextrin) obtained by decomposing hemicellulose or starch, so that the same as polyethylene can be obtained. It was found that the tear strength of the film was improved, and the present invention was completed. This phenomenon is due to the formation of thermoreversible fine crystals (6-fold symmetric double helical structure) of glycomannan and other polysaccharides containing mannose in the side chain of the cellulose main chain (for example, xanthan diacetane), resulting in thermoreversible gelation. It is considered that a similar thermoreversible network structure occurred in the composition containing the polysaccharide, and the tear strength of the sheet was improved.
- the konjac flour contains a large amount of water-soluble low molecular weight dalcomannan.
- the components of flying powder are water 4.0%, protein 17.0%, lipid 5.5%, ash content 8.5%, and carbohydrate 60-65%. 23%, water-insoluble component power is 40-42%.
- the majority of the water-soluble component is water-soluble dalcomannan, which contains about 40% by weight of mannose.
- the majority of the water-insoluble components are starch.
- Darcomannan is contained in konjac flour more frequently than flour, and it may be used, but it is expensive.
- Proteins, lipids, and ash contained in the flying powder are small in the production of the sheet of the present invention, and do not impair essential properties.
- it is necessary to use dalcomannan in an amount of at least 0.01% by weight as a constituent mannose, and more than 0.05% by weight, especially at least 0.05% by weight. It is preferably at least 1% by weight.
- mannose content of Fei powder since about 8 weight 0/0, the mannose component is to exceed 3 wt%, exceed 35% by weight amount of fly dust, tensile strength of the product descend.
- a plasticizer for example, glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropyl glycol, butanediol, glycerin, sorbitol or a mixture thereof may be added.
- glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropyl glycol, butanediol, glycerin, sorbitol or a mixture thereof.
- the amount of plasticizer is 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
- the amount of the plasticizer is preferably smaller than half of the sum of the amounts of the polysaccharide and dalcomannan. If excessive, plasticizers may also bleed out in molded products under high humid environment
- Fly powder, polysaccharide, plasticizer, and biodegradable resin are dispersed or dissolved in an appropriate amount of carbonated water, and are subjected to the above-mentioned known method at 180 to 230 ° C and 3 to 7 MPa for 30 seconds. After stirring for 2 minutes , Dried under reduced pressure and formed into powder or pellets.
- the powder or pellets and known additives such as a biodegradable resin, a colorant, and an anti-tacking agent are mixed and supplied, and the mixture is fed to a blown film manufacturing machine or a T-die extruded film or sheet manufacturing machine. Manufacture the sheet (or film) of the invention.
- the tensile strength of the sheet (or film) was measured in accordance with ASTM D3368 and the measurement of tear strength—Oh IS K7128.
- the MI value of the pellet was determined by measuring the resin weight (g) flowing down from an orifice with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm at 180 ° C and a load of 2.16 kg for 10 minutes.
- the components causing the green odor of soybean odor are hexanal and hexanol contained in trace amounts in soybean, which are also contained in okara, and are used as soybean odor in applications other than soybean food.
- the present invention by modifying or combining hexanal and hexanol in the production process, it is possible to provide a molded article using okara without leaving soybean odor from okara. did.
- the supercritical temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide gas are about 31 ° C and a force of 7MPa.
- carbon dioxide gas of 100-300 ° C, 2-20MPa, preferably 150-250 ° C, 3-12MPa Hexanal is hydrolyzed under supercritical or subcritical conditions using an inorganic acid as a catalyst.
- the shearing force is applied by using the shearing force generated between the chamber and the chamber by the rotation of the screw by the single-screw extruder. Due to this shearing force, polymers such as proteins and starch are mechanically broken, generating radicals and becoming extremely reactive. Hexanol and hexanediol having a soybean odor are trapped by these radicals, fixed, and the soybean odor is removed from the okara composition of the present invention.
- Water contained in okara is finally dehydrated. Uses heat generated by shearing force. In addition, when depressurizing rapidly from high pressure, dehydration is performed, so the heat utilization is efficient and economically excellent.
- the moisture content of the molded product of the okara composition of the present invention is less than 10% by weight, and there is no problem in storage of mold and no storage of mold. Preferably, the water content is less than 7% by weight.
- Examples of the inorganic acid include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphoric acid, but the present invention is not limited to these.
- the amount of the inorganic acid to Okara 0. 5 wt 0/0 may or less. 0. 5-0. 001 weight 0/0, particularly preferably 0. 05 0.01 wt 0/0.
- the use of an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, which is a specified additive of a food additive, is preferable as a molded article for food.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and includes a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene or a copolymer thereof, a polystyrene resin such as ABS, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, and a polyurethane resin. It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group.
- thermoplastic resin is preferably used in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight of the molded product.
- thermoplastic resin If the amount of the thermoplastic resin is small, the tensile strength when the product is formed into a film becomes small, and if it becomes difficult to obtain a practical product, on the other hand, if it becomes too large, the effect of utilizing the power is reduced.
- the preferred amount of thermoplastic resin used is 30-70% by weight.
- a plasticizer may be used as an auxiliary means for imparting thermoplasticity to the capa composition.
- alcohols such as glycol, glycerin and sorbitol are preferably used.
- the use amount of such a plasticizer is preferably 30 to 100% by weight based on the weight of the solids of the starch and the compounded starch.
- inorganic substances such as calcium carbonate, zeolite, talc, diatomaceous earth, acid clay, activated clay, kaolin and the like, and organic substances such as powdered pulp and starch can be mixed. It is. Porous zeolites are also effective in reducing off-flavors.
- the extender which is an existing food additive, can be used by blending it into the molded product of the okara composition of the present invention as long as there is no problem in the application.
- the amount of filler is preferably 50% by weight or less, especially 30% by weight or less based on the total solid content. Depending on the application, it is appropriately blended and is not limited to these values.
- additives such as tackifiers, anti-tacking agents, pigments, antibacterial agents, antistatic agents, release agents and the like can be used within a range in which there is no problem in the product.
- the molded article of the present invention can be produced by a molding method generally used for thermoplastic resins, for example, extrusion molding, injection molding, blown film molding, T-die film molding, blow molding, rotational molding, or the like.
- a molding method generally used for thermoplastic resins for example, extrusion molding, injection molding, blown film molding, T-die film molding, blow molding, rotational molding, or the like.
- Various molded products can be manufactured, and the present invention is not limited to these molding methods.
- the moisture content of the thermoplastic starch or the thermoplastic cellulose composition of the present invention may be, for example, polyol such as glycerin, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, fatty acid such as stearic acid or myristic acid, esters thereof, alkali or Alkaline earth metal salts, trehalose, xylitol, sorbitol, saccharides such as sucrose, syrup, dextrin, etc. by controlling the amount of water-soluble plasticizers of polysaccharides, cosmetic thickeners, food thickeners, It is possible to control the hydrophilicity, water solubility or water disintegration of the wafers, edible materials and capsules.
- hydrophilicity, water solubility or water disintegration can be increased. Since the hydrophilicity, water solubility or water disintegration required for products such as capsules differs depending on the pharmacological site and application, the above additives may be appropriately selected.
- thermoplastic starch composition when glycerol is 20% by weight as the amount of the water-soluble plasticizer, the thermoplastic starch composition can be made to exhibit product surface water repellency when the water content is less than 1% by weight. In addition, by exhibiting a weak cross-linking structure near the surface, the surface shows water repellency. This table When the face layer is broken, the product becomes hydrophilic, water-soluble or water-disintegrable.
- thermoplastic starch and the thermoplastic cellulose composition of the present invention can be formed into a hot capsule by a rotary die roll method after forming a hot melt sheet by a general method.
- a node capsule can be manufactured by a general injection molding machine.
- centrifugal mills can easily be mechanically pulverized into powders having an average particle diameter of 200 to 500 microns. This powder can be dissolved in water or dispersed in a gel state.
- the capsule can be manufactured by a rotary die roll method, a multiple dropping method, or a dipping method, which is used for gelatin as well as gelatin, and an apparatus can also be used.
- a manufacturing method such as a vacuum molding method, an injection molding method, a blow method, and an extrusion method used for a thermoplastic resin can be used.
- this powder can be mixed with a food or a pharmaceutical active ingredient and formed into tablets by a tableting machine.
- a food or a pharmaceutical active ingredient can be mixed with a food or a pharmaceutical active ingredient and formed into tablets by a tableting machine.
- starch alone as a bulking agent breaks tablets easily, requiring extremely high tableting pressure or the use of appropriate binders.
- thermoplastic cellulose composition powder of the present invention by using the thermoplastic cellulose composition powder of the present invention and appropriately heating and heating at the time of tableting, a tablet that is transparent and hard to break can be produced.
- Examples of the tablet product include an oral freshener tablet containing mint and the like, a medical tablet, a cockroach insecticide, and the like, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It can also be used in combination with starch. When used together, the tablet becomes fragile. Preferably, at least 20% by weight of starch is incorporated. It is more preferably at least 50% by weight.
- thermoplastic cellulose composition of the present invention can be used as a safe substitute for gelatin and a food thickener by using only safe edible raw materials.
- gelatin is expensive, inexpensive pulp cellulose can be used as a raw material, which is economically advantageous.
- a substitute for gelatin it is easy to handle when ground and used, like powdered gelatin that is commonly used.
- a food thickener it can be used in place of gelatin, for example, for nom, boiled fish, fish, soups, confectionery, etc., but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the suitable IV value (intrinsic viscosity) of the composition made from the polyester or the like of the present invention as a raw material and the main raw material PET used for molded articles such as foams and films made of the composition, for example, is as follows. Depends on the molding method. Typical IV values for recovered PET flakes are 0.6 to 0.8. In injection molding, better fluidity is preferred. Smaller IV value is better. On the other hand, foams have higher viscosity, the smaller the outgassing is, and the higher the IV value, the better.
- the melting point of PET shows a sharp melting curve at 250 to 260 ° C, and the melt viscosity varies greatly with temperature.
- Such polymers which are sensitive to melt viscosity are unsuitable for the fluidity of the polymer in complex molds.
- PET foam cannot be extruded at low temperature, and it is not expected to maintain viscosity during foaming!
- the present inventor blended a copolymer or a raw material monomer thereof and a branching agent with the main raw material PET, and partially mixed these raw materials under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide conditions in the single-screw extruder of the present invention.
- the present inventors have found a molding method of performing direct decomposition, mixing, and exchanging, adjusting the viscosity again, and have completed the present invention.
- the component (B) is a component for lowering the melting point of PET, and examples of the comonomer include aliphatic dialcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, and butanediol, and adipic acid. And aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as sebacic acid, and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, malic acid and lactic acid. Isophthalic acid may be used instead of terephthalic acid. As described above, these may be supplied in the form of a polymer.
- the compounding amount of the comonomer for lowering the melting point varies depending on the temperature difference from the PET, the type and amount of the comonomer, the combination, the degree of polymerization, and the like. In addition, the reaction conditions, the temperature, the stirring efficiency, the shear by the extruder and the like. The size, residence time, pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, moisture content, etc., vary, and cannot be specified unconditionally, but can be appropriately selected. Used in the present invention If the apparent melting point peak of the copolymer is less than 120 ° C, the heat resistance of the obtained molded product is insufficient, and it cannot be used for general molded product applications. If the apparent melting point peak exceeds 190 ° C., the lowering of the melting point is insufficient, and the temperature dependence of fluidity and viscosity expected in the present invention becomes too large.
- branching agent examples include polyvalent acids such as trimellitic acid, trimesic acid and pyromellitic acid and acid dianhydrides such as pyromellitic anhydride. There are also polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, glycerol and sorbitol. If the molded article is a food packaging material, those listed as food additives such as glycerol or sorbitol are preferred.
- the amount of the branching agent to be added is preferably from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight based on the total weight, which should be appropriately selected depending on the composition.
- the supercritical conditions of carbon dioxide gas are 31.8 ° C and 7.2MPa, but subcritical conditions of 100 ° C or more and 2MPa or more can also be used.
- a copolymer having a suitable branching, viscosity and melting temperature for use in the present invention can be obtained.
- the exchange reaction conditions are as follows: the melting point of PET is 250 ° C or higher, and the force is 2MPa or higher. That is, extrusion is performed at a relatively high temperature in the case of injection molding, and is performed at a relatively low temperature in the case of extrusion molding. In the case of foam, extrude around the apparent melting point.
- inorganic substances such as barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, diatomaceous earth, talc, bentonite, and acid clay which are preferably added with a foam nucleating agent.
- These inorganic substances are fine powders, and those with a secondary aggregation of 1 micron or less should be used. If it exceeds 1 micron, the strength of the micro-foamed cell membrane of less than 10 microns will be reduced, so that independent cells cannot be obtained.
- the thickness of the foam cell is about 1 micron, and is preferably 0.3 micron or less.
- the amount of the foam nucleating agent is inversely related to the size of the foam cell, and is 0.01 to 2% by weight based on the weight of the resin.
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape are such that the screw part is composed of a raw material resin supply part, a compression part, a carbon dioxide gas supply decompression part, a compression kneading part, a backflow prevention part, a compression part, and a metering part. Configurations that lead to ⁇ are preferred.
- the temperature of the foaming extruder is as follows: the raw material resin supply section has the resin melting temperature, and the compression section has the resin melting temperature.
- the depressurizing section which is 10-20 ° C higher than the temperature, is the resin melting temperature, and the force of the compression kneading part is 20 ° -50 ° C higher than the resin melting temperature at the die exit temperature, which is higher than the resin melting temperature-30 ° C It is preferable to set to 10 ° C.
- the pressure before the die is preferably 15 MPa or more, more preferably 20 MPa or more.
- the supply amount of carbon dioxide gas is 115% by weight of the resin amount and varies depending on the expansion ratio. However, 1.5 to 2% by weight at an expansion ratio of 10 times and 2-3% by weight at an expansion ratio of 20 times. It is a guide.
- an injection molding machine is used by directly molding into pellets which can be extruded directly.
- the pellet making machine and its screw shape consist of a raw material resin supply section, compression section, carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section, compression kneading section, backflow prevention section, decompression section, compression section, and metering section.
- a configuration leading to a die is preferred.
- the present invention does not prevent the use of additives such as heat or light stabilizers, coloring agents, and antibacterial agents generally used for injection molded articles and foams.
- additives such as heat or light stabilizers, coloring agents, and antibacterial agents generally used for injection molded articles and foams.
- safety can be considered so that food does not come into direct contact.
- the melting point was measured by a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC) at 20 ° C in Z during nitrogen replacement.
- the IV value was measured using a metataresol solution.
- the present inventors have copolymerized an aromatic polyester with a component for lowering the melting point of the polyester, and added a branching agent, a photocatalytic titanium oxide, and a thermally decomposable foaming agent simultaneously or before or after.
- these raw materials are partially decomposed, mixed and exchanged under supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide gas at a temperature not higher than the decomposition temperature of the thermally decomposable blowing agent, and the viscosity is again increased.
- the present inventors have found a molding method in which adjustment and direct molding are performed, and have completed the present invention.
- the titanium oxide photocatalyst has an anatase crystal structure and is excited by ultraviolet rays.
- Akio Komatsu of Osaka City University has already developed a photocatalyst that is excited by 407nm visible light by supporting nanoscale platinum on rutile-type crystal titanium oxide.
- These photocatalytic titanium oxides can also be used as foam nucleating agents.
- Photocatalytic titanium oxide The total amount is 0.01-2% by weight based on the weight of the resin.
- Modified photocatalytic titanium oxide in which apatite or the like is partially adhered to photocatalytic titanium oxide may be used.
- Titanium oxide photocatalyst decomposes organic matter with water in between, generating oxygen and carbon dioxide gas.
- the oxidizing power of the generated oxygen is large. This reaction generates radicals or transfers electrons.
- Many of the thermally decomposable blowing agents are azo conjugates such as 5-phenyltetrazole. Decomposition of the azoid is promoted by the transfer of the supplied radicals and electrons, and the azoid is thermally decomposed at a temperature lower than the normal decomposition temperature to generate a gas such as nitrogen.
- Resin contains moisture, and the equilibrium moisture of PET and the like is several hundred ppm, which is sufficient for the photocatalyst to work.
- the resin is mixed with a resin at a temperature not higher than the decomposition temperature of the thermally decomposable foaming agent, extruded into beads, irradiated with light to the beads, and the intermediate state of the transfer of radicals and electrons is maintained in the beads. Then, it can be reheated when necessary and molded with a high expansion ratio of 4 to 50 times. For example, after forming beads with a decomposition temperature of 5-phenyltetrazole of 230 to 280 ° C and a force of less than 200 ° C, light irradiation can be performed to form a high expansion ratio at a low temperature of less than 200 ° C. As the viscosity of the aromatic polyester resin changes greatly with temperature, when the viscosity decreases, the gas for foaming tends to escape, and only those having a low expansion ratio can be obtained.
- the thermally decomposable blowing agent is the above-mentioned azo compound, for example, p, p'-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentanetetramine, 5-phenyltetrazole, bistetrazole diammonium, bistetrazolebi.
- azo compound for example, p, p'-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, dinitrosopentanetetramine, 5-phenyltetrazole, bistetrazole diammonium, bistetrazolebi.
- substances with different decomposition temperatures such as perazine, bistetrazole diguanidine, azoviste torazonoreguanidine, azobistetrazonoleaminoguanidine, azodiphenol olevonamide.
- polyoxymethylene can be used as the thermally decomposable blowing agent.
- formaldehyde gas is generated, but it is oxidized by a photocatalyst and decomposed into water and carbon dioxide, so that there is no problem in safety.
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape are such that the screw part is composed of a raw material resin supply part, a compression part, a carbon dioxide gas supply decompression part, a compression kneading part, a backflow prevention part, a compression part, and a fixed part.
- the screw part is composed of a raw material resin supply part, a compression part, a carbon dioxide gas supply decompression part, a compression kneading part, a backflow prevention part, a compression part, and a fixed part.
- a configuration that leads to a die via an adapter is preferred.
- the temperature of the foaming extruder is as follows: the raw material resin supply section has a resin melting temperature; the compression section has a resin melting temperature 10 to 20 ° C higher than the resin melting temperature; The die exit temperature, which is 20-50 ° C higher than the resin melting temperature, is preferably set to -30 ° C-10 ° C from the resin melting temperature.
- the pressure before the die is preferably 15 MPa or more, more preferably 20 MPa or more. In the case of bead production, lower the pressure, suppress foaming, and quench with an underwater cutter.
- the supply amount of carbon dioxide gas is 0.1-5% by weight of the amount of resin, and the power varies depending on the gas foaming ratio. At 20 times, 2-3 weight% is a guide. The effect of supercritical carbon dioxide can be obtained with 0.1% by weight of carbon dioxide.
- the injection molding machine is used by directly molding into pellets which can be directly extruded.
- the pellet making machine that can be used by dry blending the foamed master batch and its screw shape are as follows:
- the screw part is a raw material resin supply section, compression section, carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section, compression kneading section, backflow prevention section, pressure reduction section , A compression section, and a fixed quantity section, and a configuration that leads to a die through an adapter is preferable.
- carbon dioxide gas slightly remains in the pellets, since physical properties are not impaired, sink marks are prevented from being generated, and fluidity is improved.
- the present invention is intended to prevent the use of additives generally used for injection-molded articles and foams, such as heat or light stabilizers, coloring agents, and antibacterial agents, in a range that does not adversely affect molding. is not.
- additives generally used for injection-molded articles and foams such as heat or light stabilizers, coloring agents, and antibacterial agents
- safety can be considered so that food does not come into direct contact.
- gas escape during foaming can be prevented by increasing the melt viscosity of the surface layer, and a high-magnification foam molded article can be easily obtained.
- the viscosity of the ester condensate is greatly affected by the temperature. Therefore, if the difference in melting point between the surface layer and the inner surface layer is 20 ° C or more, the effect of preventing gas escape during foaming is greatly preferred.
- a branch is formed by the ester exchange reaction and the radical reaction by radicals generated at the time of cutting by the shear force while applying a shear force under the critical condition of carbon dioxide gas. Appropriate cutting is performed and appropriate fluidity is maintained.
- the foam of the present invention can also be produced from an elastomer material, and the hard segment is an aromatic polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and the like, and a block mixture thereof.
- the soft segments are polyalkyl ethers (eg, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol), polyalkyl esters (eg, polyalkylene esters such as polyethyl adipate and polybutyl adipate), and the like.
- Polyalkyl carbonate for example, polyalkylene carbonate glycol such as polybutylene carbonate diol and polypropylene carbonate diol
- the elastic behavior of the elastomer changes and can be adjusted by the ratio of the hard segment and the soft segment. The ratio is often used at around 1: 1, but is often used between 2: 1 and 1: 2.
- the molecular weight of the soft segment is about 2000.
- the elastic behavior of the elastomer differs depending on the type of force used. In most cases, foams are used as final products by retaining closed cells, but may be used as open cells in special cases, such as when air permeability is required.
- the apparatus of the present invention comprising a series of screws shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 (the main screw 1 and the sub-screw 2 have a diameter of 50 mm, a paddle angle difference 120 degrees).
- Example 1 -Orifice passing speed, device example (denaturation) Using kenaf chips pre-dried to a water content of about 10% by weight or less and cut to a length of about 3 mm as the main raw material, fed from a hopper 5 for 50 kgZ hours, and carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide gas nozzle 9 to 5 KPa 0.05% by weight of raw material %. Under the condition of supercritical carbon dioxide gas at a temperature of 200 ° C. and a pressure of 12.9 MPa in the staying portion J, the solution was decomposed with a staying time of 6 seconds in the staying portion J to reduce the molecular weight, and passed through one orifice 17 having a diameter of 1 mm. The orifice passing speed was 1274 cmZ seconds.
- the roller receiver 15 of the apparatus of the present invention used in Example 1 was replaced with a bushing having a clearance of 0.5 mm, the die holes 22 were changed to dies 21 having a diameter of 20 mm, the decompression section M was changed to a partial biaxial structure, and the A cutter was used.
- Pellets of styrene 'butadiene' styrene block copolymer with a diameter of 30 mm were used as raw materials, and a normal temperature liquid wax was used as an auxiliary raw material at a weight ratio of 70:30, and was supplied from the raw material supply section X at 50 kgZ hours.
- the raw material biting condition was good and the backflow of wax was strong.
- the feed condition in the decompression section M was good, and the force at the vent hole 18 was also able to bend up. Despite the low viscosity product, the supply was maintained.
- the die 21 of the apparatus of the present invention used in Example 1 was removed and used. Using the raw orange peel as it was, limonene was extracted. Under the condition of subcritical carbon dioxide gas at a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 3.9 MPa in the retaining section J, extraction was performed at a retaining time of 6 seconds in the retaining section J and passed through 12 orifices 17 each having a diameter of 1 mm. The orifice passage velocity was 10 cmZ seconds. Suction was not performed at the vent hole 18 and cooling was performed by adiabatic expansion when moving from the orifice 17 to the pressure reducing section M, and the extracted mixture was taken out.
- the extracted mixture was applied to a squeezing machine, and the squeezed solution was rectified to purify limonene.
- the yield of purified limonene showed a high value as 89 weight 0/0 of limonene contained in the raw material orange peel.
- the starch composition of the present invention was filtered through a 100-mesh filter, then extruded with a nozzle force of 1 mm in diameter, and formed into pellets by a hot cutter. No popcorn smell when producing pellets.
- the obtained pellets showed good thermoplasticity with an Ml value (180 ° C) of 12.
- the total amount of generated nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components of this pellet was less than 0.1 ppm.
- Pellets were produced in Example 4 except that only phenol was added. During the production of the pellets, the popcorn odor was strong. The total amount of generated nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components in the pellets was 15 ppm. The produced film also had a strong popcorn odor.
- the pellets of the present invention could be granulated without popcorn odor during production.
- the total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic odor components generated in the pellets was 0.15 ppm.
- the total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic aroma components generated in the pellets is 13 ppm, and a film produced in a 50:50 weight ratio with the aromatic biodegradable resin “Ecoflex”. Even the smell of popcorn remained.
- Pellets were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the equivalent of 10% hydrochloric acid, which is a designated additive for food additives, was used instead of phenol. Also in this example, popcorn odor was not produced at the time of production, and the total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic aroma components in the pellets was less than 0.1 lpm. In addition, a 40 m thick film made of only these pellets is also used. There was no pucon smell.
- ⁇ softwood dissolving pulp (alpha cellulose content 92.3 wt 0/0) 30 parts by weight, mannose content 8.
- the mixture was mixed and melt-mixed at a maximum temperature of 180 ° C and a maximum pressure of 3.5 MPa for 90 seconds using a continuous reactor equipped with a screw, and dehydrated under reduced pressure at an orifice passing speed of 828 cmZ seconds.
- C Discharged from a lmm-diameter nozzle at a pressure of 0.9MPa before the dice, the rope was water-cooled, and crushed with a cutter to form 30 pellets of Zg size.
- the 180 ° CMI value of the pellet was 6.
- an inflation film manufacturing machine with a die of 10 cm in diameter was used to manufacture the inflation film of the present invention having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m at an extruder temperature of 160 ° C and a blow ratio of 4, and a width of 40 ⁇ m.
- Tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength in the machine direction were measured.
- An inflation film was manufactured using the same components as in Example 7 except that corn starch was used instead of flying powder.
- Examples 8-10, Comparative Example 6 -Production of thermoplastic film using pulp and flour as raw materials
- the amount of dissolved pulp, flour and corn starch was increased or decreased to produce
- a blown film of the present invention having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m was produced, and the tear strength in the machine direction was measured.
- Example 7 80 parts by weight of the pellets produced in Example 7 and 20 parts by weight of polylactic acid having an Ml value of 12 were mixed to produce a blown film of the present invention having a thickness of 40 / zm, and a tensile strength, an elongation, and a machine direction bow were obtained in the width direction. I The crack strength was measured.
- Okara hexanal and hexanol are reacted and fixed at a maximum heating temperature of 190 ° C and a maximum pressure of 2.9 MPa, and then the first vent rocker is also rapidly opened at an orifice passing speed of 828 cmZ seconds, and the second vent port is opened. Dewatered with a water ring pump.
- the total residence time was 3 minutes, and the feed rate of the raw materials was 50 kgZ hours.
- the okara composition was filtered through a 100-mesh filter, extruded from a lmm-diameter nozzle, and formed into pellets with a hot cutter. The soy smell was strong during pellet production.
- the pellets discharged from an orifice with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm for 10 minutes under a load of 2.16 kg showed a good thermoplasticity with an Ml value (180 ° C) of 7.
- the Tatsukingu inhibitor El force amide 0.3 wt 0/0 The pellet was dry-blended, using a blown film manufacturing machine having a nozzle diameter of 10 cm, at an extrusion temperature 170 ° C, thickness 50 m of film was formed.
- the obtained film had a tensile strength of 19 MPa and an elongation of 310%, and showed practically sufficient mechanical properties. There was no soybean odor during film formation and in the obtained film. The total amount of odor components generated in this film was less than 0.1 ppm.o
- a film was produced in the same manner as in Example 12, except that no hydrochloric acid was used. According to this method, the total amount of odor components generated in the film produced during the film production was so strong that the soybean odor was 19 ppm, and the soybean odor remained.
- Example 12 The same method as in Example 12 was carried out by changing the amount of hydrochloric acid used.
- the film of the present invention could be produced without producing soybean odor during production.
- the total amount of film odor and components generated was less than 0.1 ppm.
- the film of the present invention could be produced without producing soybean odor during production.
- the total amount of film odors and components generated was 0.04 ppm.
- Example 12 except that the amount of “Ecoflex (trademark)” was increased to 60 parts by weight, the amount of glycerin was increased to 20 parts by weight, the amount of potato starch was further increased to 20 parts by weight, and the amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide were changed to double.
- Pellets were produced in the same manner as described above. Using these pellets, a test stepped plate with a die temperature of 190 ° C and a thickness of 3 mm was manufactured using a test injection molding machine with a vent by a vacuum pump. The plate was closed and flushed. Ma In addition, the soybean odor was strong in both the production of pellets and the production of plates. In addition, the total amount of odorous components generated from fragments obtained by cutting the plate into about 3 mm square was less than 0.1 ppm.
- An okara composition and a blown film having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m were produced in the same manner as in Example 14 except that polypropylene having an Ml value of 1 was used instead of “Ecoflex TM”. Also in this example, a practical film could be produced without soy odor during the production of the film. The total generation of odor components in the film was less than 0.1 ppm.
- the force showing the examples relating to the production of polyester foams [0188]
- the melting point was measured at 20 ° CZ during nitrogen replacement by a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC).
- the IV value was measured with a metataresol solution.
- PET flakes made from recycled PET bottles as the main raw material 100 parts by weight of IV value 0.73, pyromellitic dianhydride powder 1 part by weight as a branching agent, particle size 0.3 to 0.4 microns as a foam nucleating agent 1 part by weight of a titanium oxide powder, and 30 parts by weight of a polybutylene adipate pellet having an IV value of 0.12 and 30 parts by weight for lowering the melting point were dry blended by a rotary blender.
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape were such that the screw part had a diameter of 50mm, a raw material resin supply part, a first compression part, a carbon dioxide gas supply decompression part, a compression kneading part, a backflow prevention part, a second compression part, and a measurement part.
- a T-die system was used, which was extruded from a die with a slit width of 0.4 mm and a length of lm via an adapter.
- a section was cut from the manufactured foam of the present invention, photographed with an optical microscope, and the number of bubbles per unit volume was measured.
- a water column lm was subjected to a water resistance test, and it was confirmed that closed cells were formed in the foam of the present invention because there was no water leakage.
- the melting point peak was 146 ° C.
- the foam of the present invention was subjected to a dissolution test for utensils and containers and packaging standards. The potassium permanganate consumption was measured.
- a foam of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 16, except that the branching agent was changed to sorbitol.
- a section of the foam of the produced foam of the present invention was cut out, photographed with an optical microscope, and the number of bubbles per unit volume was measured.
- DSC measurement of the foam showed a melting point peak of 153 ° C.
- the foam of the present invention was subjected to a dissolution test for utensils and containers and packaging standards. The potassium permanganate consumption was measured.
- Example 17 The method of Example 17 was carried out without adding a branching agent. As a result, a low melting point was attained. Force The apparent viscosity was insufficient, and gas bubbles of carbon dioxide were remarkably released. .
- the kneading extruder and its screw shape were such that the screw part had a diameter of 50mm, the raw material resin supply section, the first compression section, the carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section, the compression kneading section, the backflow prevention section, the decompression vent section, and the
- the pellet system was composed of two compression units and a fixed volume unit, extruded from a nozzle die having a diameter of 0.5 mm through an adapter, and cut with a dry cutter.
- a notched test piece for measuring Izod impact strength was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 18, using only the PET flakes for which the recovered PET bottle strength was also manufactured.
- Example 18 The DSC measurement of the test piece obtained in Example 18 which had no molding defects such as sink marks showed a melting point peak of 171 ° C. Further, the Izod impact strength was improved by 120% as compared with that of Comparative Example 10 using only PET flakes manufactured from the collected PET bottles. Further, in Example 18, since the injection temperature was lower than 270 ° C. in Comparative Example 10, the injection cycle could be improved by 30%, and the productivity was improved.
- the DSC measurement result of the injection-molded test piece of Example 18 and its sprue and runner pulverized and injection-molded in the same manner was found to have a melting point peak force of 168 ° C, which was not significantly different from that of the first molded product. Helped.
- the Izod impact strength was 107% higher than that of the injection-molded PET flake of Comparative Example 10 in which the recovered PET bottle strength was also produced, and was slightly lower than that of the first molded product, but was superior to Comparative Example 10.
- Example 17 Except that polyethylene adipate was changed to 1,4 dibutanol adipate 10 parts by weight, polybutylene terephthalate 10 parts by weight, and the IV value was 0.81, the same method as in Example 17 was used, and the thickness was 10 mm and the expansion ratio was 25.
- a foamed sheet was molded twice to produce a foam containing the polyethylene / butylene 'adipate' terephthalate branched copolymer of the present invention. The foam sheet was subjected to a water resistance test of lm in water, and from the absence of water leakage, it was confirmed that the foam of the present invention had closed cells. As a result of DSC measurement of the foam, the melting point peak was 135 ° C.
- a foam sheet having a thickness of 10 mm and an expansion ratio of 25 was formed in the same manner as in Example 17, except that the polybutylene adipate was changed to 10 parts by weight of 1,2-diethanol adipate and an IV value of 0.81. Then, a foam containing the polyethylene 'butylene' adipate 'terephthalate branched copolymer of the present invention was produced.
- the foam sheet was subjected to a water resistance test of lm in water, and from the absence of water leakage, it was confirmed that the foam of the present invention had closed cells. DSC measurement of the foam showed a melting point peak of 126 ° C.
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape were such that the screw part had a diameter of 50mm, the biaxially-constituting raw material supply part of the present invention, the first compression part, the primary carbon dioxide gas supply depressurization part for critical reaction, the compression kneading part, and the backflow.
- a T-die system was used, consisting of a prevention section, a secondary carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section for foaming, a second compression section, and a metering section, and extruded from a die having a slit width of 0.4 mm and a length of lm through an adapter.
- the machine temperature during normal operation is set at 250 ° C for the first compression section, 200 ° C for the carbon dioxide gas supply section, 250 ° C for the compression kneading section, 200 ° C for the backflow prevention section, 220 ° C for the second compression section, the metering section, and the adapter.
- the temperature was set at 190 ° C, the pressure before the die was 18 MPa, the die part was 170 ° C, and the orifice passing speed was 828 cmZ seconds.
- the actual temperature of the polymer is supplied from the shear force to the amount of heat required to melt the polymer as it passes through the extruder.
- Primary carbon dioxide gas was supplied under a pressure of 1% by weight based on the total amount of the resin.
- the foam of the final product of the present invention manufactured was cut off from a section, photographed with an optical microscope, and the number of bubbles per unit volume was measured.
- a water column lm was subjected to a water resistance test, and it was confirmed that closed cells were formed in the foam of the present invention since there was no water leakage.
- PET flakes 100 parts by weight of PET flakes (IV value 0.73), also made from recycled PET bottles as the main raw material, 1 part by weight of pyromellitic dianhydride powder as a branching agent, 0.3 particle size as a photocatalyst foaming nucleating agent 1 part by weight of 4 micron anatase-type titanium oxide powder, 15 parts by weight of polybutylene adipate pellets (IV value 0.12) for lowering the melting point and 1 part by weight of pyrolytic blowing agent dinitrosopentane tetramine Dry blended with a blender.
- pyromellitic dianhydride powder 1 part by weight of 4 micron anatase-type titanium oxide powder
- polybutylene adipate pellets IV value 0.12
- pyrolytic blowing agent dinitrosopentane tetramine Dry blended with a blender 100 parts by weight of PET flakes (IV value 0.73), also made from recycled PET bottles as the main raw material, 1 part
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape are such that the screw part is 50 mm in diameter, the raw material resin supply section, the first compression section, the carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section, the compression kneading section, the backflow prevention section, the second compression section, and the metering section.
- a T-die system was used, which was extruded from a die with a slit width of 0.4 mm and a length of lm via an adapter.
- the machine temperature is set at 200 ° C for the first compression section, 200 ° C for the carbon dioxide gas supply section, 200 ° C for the compression kneading section, 200 ° C for the backflow prevention section, 180 ° C for the second compression section,
- the adapter was set at 150 ° C, the pressure before the die was 18MPa, the die part was 130 ° C, and the orifice passage speed was 828cmZ seconds.
- the actual temperature of the polymer is supplemented by the necessary heat passing through the shear force.
- Carbon dioxide gas was supplied under a pressure of 0.5% by weight based on the total amount of the resin.
- the extruded foam sheet After transesterification under supercritical carbon dioxide, the extruded foam sheet is cooled by a chilled roller, and the sheet is illuminated with a double-sided UV lamp, and the thickness is lmm and the expansion ratio is 2.5 times.
- the final product foam containing the branched copolymer was wound up.
- Example 22 In the same manner as in Example 22, the branching agent was changed only to sorbitol, and a foam of the present invention was produced. A section of the foamed foam of the present invention was cut out, photographed with an optical microscope, and the number of bubbles per unit volume was measured. DSC measurement of the foam showed a melting point peak of 182 ° C. According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 370, the foam of the present invention was subjected to a dissolution test for utensils and containers and packaging standards, and the potassium permanganate consumption was measured. As a result, the safety as a food container was confirmed below the specified value.
- Example 23 The method of Example 23 was performed without using a branching agent. As a result, a lower melting point was achieved, but the apparent viscosity was insufficient, and the carbon dioxide gas escape was remarkable, and a foam having a sufficient expansion ratio could not be obtained.
- PET flakes 100 parts by weight of PET flakes (IV value 0.73), which also produced a recovered PET bottle power as the main raw material in the same manner as in Example 22, 0.5 parts by weight of pyromellitic dianhydride powder as a branching agent, and a foaming nucleus serving also as a photocatalyst 0.5 parts by weight of platinum-supported rutile-type titanium oxide powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.2 micron and 10 parts by weight of polybutylene adipate pellets (IV value 0.12) for lowering the melting point -1 part by weight of phenol tetrazole was dry blended by a rotary blender. Next, vacuum drying at 80 ° C for 24 hours, controlling the water content to less than 100 ppm, storing in an aluminum bag while purging with nitrogen, and quantitatively supplying from the raw material supply section purged with nitrogen during production.
- the kneading extruder and its screw shape were such that the screw part had a diameter of 50 mm, the raw material resin supply section, the first compression section, the carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section, the compression kneading section, the backflow prevention section, the decompression vent section, and the second compression section.
- a pellet method was used, which was composed of a quantitative section, extruded from a nozzle die having a diameter of 0.5 mm through an adapter, and cut with an underwater cutter.
- the beads for foaming were pre-expanded to about 50 times at 170 ° C in a hot air dryer, and then heated and compression-molded with 130 ° C steam into a cup having a thickness of 2mm to produce the foamed cup of the present invention. .
- the expansion ratio of the test piece cut out from the die was 46 times.
- the melting point peak was 190 ° C.
- a foam sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 23, except that the polybutylene adipate was changed to 1,4 dibutanol adipate ester 5 parts by weight and polybutylene terephthalate (IV value 0.81) 10 parts by weight, and a foamed sheet was produced. Thereafter, it was reheated to form a foamed sheet of the present invention having a thickness of 10 mm and a foaming ratio of 25 times, thereby producing a foam containing the polyethylene 'butylene' adipate 'terephthalate branched copolymer of the present invention.
- a water resistance test was performed on a water column lm of the foam sheet, and it was confirmed that closed cells were formed in the foam of the present invention from no water leakage. DSC measurement of the foam showed a melting point peak of 185 ° C.
- polybutylene adipate was changed to 7 parts by weight of 1,2-diethanol adipate and 15 parts by weight of polybutylene terephthalate (IV value: 0.81), and the pyrolytic blowing agent was changed to p, p-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, first compression section 200 ° C, carbon dioxide supply section 200 ° C, compression kneading section 200 ° C, backflow prevention section 200 ° C, reduced pressure vent section 140 ° C, second The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that the compression section was set at 140 ° C, the fixed section, the adapter at 130 ° C, the die section at 120 ° C, and the orifice passage speed of 828 cmZ seconds.
- Example 26 In the same manner as in Example 26, a middle layer was formed, and a tandem-type extruder was used to form a multilayer structure sandwiched between polybutylene terephthalate (IV value: 0.81) having a thickness of 10 above and below the surface layer.
- the sheet was formed at a low temperature below the decomposition temperature of the agent.
- the foamed sheet is reheated to a temperature not lower than the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent, and molded into a foamed sheet having a thickness of 20 mm and an expansion ratio of 50 times of the present invention, and the polyethylene 'butylene' adipate 'terephthalate branched copolymer of the present invention is obtained.
- the product was a foam molded product with the melting point peak of the surface layer at 220 ° C and the melting point peak of the inner layer at 154 ° C.
- Example 23 100 parts by weight of polybutylene terephthalate (IV value 0.81) was used instead of PET, and 10 parts by weight of 1,2-dibutanol'ester succinate was used instead of polybutylene adipate.
- the thermal decomposition foaming agent is p, p-oxybisbenzenesulfol-hydrazide, the first compression section 200 ° C, the carbon dioxide gas supply section 200 ° C, the compression kneading section 200 ° C, the backflow prevention section 200 ° C
- the decompression vent section was set to 140 ° C
- the second compression section was set to 140 ° C
- the metering section was set to 130 ° C
- the die section was set to 120 ° C
- the orifice passage speed was set to 828 cmZ seconds
- the sheet was reheated and molded into a foamed sheet of the present invention having a thickness of 10 mm and an expansion ratio of 25 times, to produce a foam containing the polybutylene 'succinate' terephthalate branched copolymer of the present invention.
- the extruder screw is designed to go through the process of supply, compression, decompression, kneading, compression, dewatering from vent, kneading, and compression.
- the extruder was fed to a 45 mm double vented stainless steel single-screw extruder, which was inferior to the extruder so as to obtain a kneading effect, and reacted at 180 ° C.
- the orifice passing speed was set to 828 cmZ second, opened from the vent port, dewatered with a water ring pump, extruded with a nozzle pre-pressure of l lMPa, hot-cut, and extruded with the starch odor of the present invention! Manufactured.
- a sheet having an extrusion thickness of 0.5 mm was extruded at 120 ° C, and royal jelly was injected with a rotary die roll machine to produce a health food capsule of the present invention.
- the capsule film maintained sufficient strength for practical use, and did not adhere to each other even if left in an environment of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% for 24 hours.
- the capsule was easily disintegrated when immersed in a hydrochloric acid aqueous vial at 36 ° C and pH 5 for 2 hours and shaken gently.
- the above-mentioned round pellets were pulverized with a centrifugal mill, particles of 500 ⁇ m or more were removed with a cyclone, dispersed and swollen in water, dried in a wet system, and then produced into a 0.5 mm-thick sheet. And royal jelly was injected to produce a health food capsule of the present invention.
- the capsule film maintained sufficient strength for practical use, and did not adhere to each other even when left in an environment of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% for 24 hours. After immersion in a hydrochloric acid aqueous vial at 36 ° C. and pH 5 for 2 hours, the capsule was easily disintegrated when gently shaken.
- the above-mentioned round pellet was subjected to a 40-ton stainless steel injection molding machine at 150 ° C at 150 ° C to have an outer diameter of 2.8 mm, an inner diameter of 2.4 mm, a length of 4 mm, a stepless screw, an outer diameter of 3.3 mm, and an inner diameter of 2.
- a 9 mm female capsule with a length of 4 mm was made.
- a common cold cell of the present invention was produced.
- the capsule film maintained sufficient strength for practical use, and did not adhere to each other even when left in an environment of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 60% for 24 hours. After immersion for 2 hours in a hydrochloric acid-water vial at 36 ° C and pH5, the capsule was easily disintegrated when shaken gently.
- the foaming extruder and its screw shape are as follows: the screw part has a diameter of 50 mm, the biaxial raw material supply section of the present invention, the first compression section, the primary carbon dioxide gas supply depressurization section for critical reaction, the compression kneading section, and the reverse.
- a T-die system was used which consisted of a flow prevention section, a secondary carbon dioxide gas supply decompression section for foaming, a second compression section, and a metering section, and extruded from a die having a slit width of 0.4 mm and a length of lm through an adapter.
- the machine temperature during normal operation is set at 250 ° C for the first compression section, 200 ° C for the carbon dioxide gas supply section, 250 ° C for the compression kneading section, 200 ° C for the backflow prevention section, 220 ° C for the second compression section, the metering section, and the adapter.
- the temperature was set at 190 ° C, the pressure before the die was 18 MPa, the die part was 170 ° C, and the orifice passing speed was 828 cmZ seconds.
- the actual temperature of the polymer is supplied from the shear force to the amount of heat required to melt the polymer as it passes through the extruder.
- Primary carbon dioxide gas was supplied under a pressure of 1% by weight based on the total amount of the resin.
- the foam of the final product of the present invention was cut off, and a section was cut out and photographed with an optical microscope to measure the number of bubbles per unit volume.
- a water column lm was subjected to a water resistance test, and it was confirmed that closed cells were formed in the foam of the present invention since there was no water leakage.
- a stainless steel device of the present invention was used in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the glycerin content in Example 4 was changed to 30 parts by weight, the maximum heating temperature was changed to 150 ° C, and the pressure was changed to 2.2 MPa. After filtration through a mesh filter, the mixture was extruded with a nozzle having a diameter of lmm and the starch composition of the present invention was formed into pellets using a hot cutter. No popcorn odor was produced during pellet production. The obtained pellets showed good thermoplasticity with an Ml value (180 ° C) of 7. The total amount of nitrogen-containing cyclic aroma components generated in the pellets was less than 0.1 ppm.
- a film was formed by a normal inflation method to obtain a film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. After slitting the film to a width of 10 cm, the film was cut at a length of 1 Ocm in the machine direction with a roll cutter to produce an oblate of the present invention.
- the oblate had practically sufficient tensile strength and flexibility and could be easily adhered to water.
- sucrose lgr was wrapped in this oblate, immersed in a hydrochloric acid water vial at 36 ° C and pH 5 for 30 minutes, and shaken gently to disintegrate the oblate easily and the wrapped sucrose was dissolved.
- Example 32 Gelled product The same procedure as in Example 29 was carried out except that the blending amount of the bleached pulp was changed to 50 parts by weight and the blending amount of the potato starch was changed to 50 parts by weight. Manufactured.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04788314A EP1674502A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-29 | Screw type processing device and product using the device |
| JP2005514252A JP4044952B2 (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-29 | スクリュー式加工装置 |
| US10/574,089 US20070148320A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-29 | Screw type processing device and product using the device |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-340612 | 2003-09-30 | ||
| JP2003-340611 | 2003-09-30 | ||
| JP2003340611 | 2003-09-30 | ||
| JP2003340612 | 2003-09-30 | ||
| JP2003342812 | 2003-10-01 | ||
| JP2003-342812 | 2003-10-01 | ||
| JP2003374239 | 2003-11-04 | ||
| JP2003-374239 | 2003-11-04 | ||
| JP2004114873 | 2004-04-09 | ||
| JP2004-114873 | 2004-04-09 | ||
| JP2004-166551 | 2004-06-04 | ||
| JP2004166551 | 2004-06-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005030845A1 true WO2005030845A1 (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
Family
ID=34397267
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/014248 Ceased WO2005030845A1 (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-29 | スクリュー式加工装置およびそれを用いた製品 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070148320A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1674502A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4044952B2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI372769B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005030845A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-09-29 WO PCT/JP2004/014248 patent/WO2005030845A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1674502A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| TWI372769B (en) | 2012-09-21 |
| TW200526713A (en) | 2005-08-16 |
| US20070148320A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
| JP4044952B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
| JPWO2005030845A1 (ja) | 2006-12-07 |
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