WO2005026768A1 - Hybrid positioning system - Google Patents
Hybrid positioning system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005026768A1 WO2005026768A1 PCT/EP2004/052081 EP2004052081W WO2005026768A1 WO 2005026768 A1 WO2005026768 A1 WO 2005026768A1 EP 2004052081 W EP2004052081 W EP 2004052081W WO 2005026768 A1 WO2005026768 A1 WO 2005026768A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/45—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
- G01S19/47—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/53—Determining attitude
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hybrid positioning system capable of determining the position and attitude of a carrier.
- the field of the invention is that of hybrid positioning systems comprising a receiver of terrestrial or satellite positioning signals and local sensors; these hybrid systems installed on board a carrier, are used in maritime applications ("offshore” surveys, ...), air or land (topography, ).
- hybrid systems making it possible to determine the position and attitude of the carrier by means of a satellite positioning system and an inertial system.
- the loose hybridization system (FIG.
- a receiver 1 of radio-satellite signals which supplies position, speed and time (PVT) S1 and on the other hand different sensors which can constitute an inertial system 2 which provides position and orientation information S2.
- PVT position, speed and time
- the results S1 and S2 of the calculations made by the receiver and the sensors are themselves supplied to a loose hybridization device 3 which calculates a solution of position and attitude S3 according to 6 dimensions (3 for the position, 3 for the 'attitude).
- the results S1 of the receiver 1 of the radio-satellite signals are used to calibrate and align the inertial system 2.
- This simple hybrid system has the disadvantage of being suboptimal since it requires at least four radio measurements. to obtain a PVT solution.
- the tight hybridization system (FIG. 1 b) is based on the use of a receiver 1 of radio-satellite signals which provides measurements of pseudo-distances M1 (based on the code and the phase of the signals received) and on the other hand from different sensors, for example 3 accelerometers and 3 gyrometers which can constitute an inertial system 2 which provides acceleration and linear and / or angular velocity measurements M2 respectively delivered by the accelerometers and gyrometers. Receiver and sensor measurements are supplied to a device of tight hybridization 3 'which calculates a solution of position and attitude S3' according to 6 dimensions.
- the deep hybridization system ( Figure 1 c) is an improvement on the previous one. It consists in using the solution S3 ′, in particular the speed and the orientation, to calculate and predict the value of the code and phase measurements carried out by the receiver 1. These calculations are used in particular in the event of loss of radio-satellite signals (by masking for example), to maintain the code tracking and phase loops of the receiver and thus reduce the reacquisition time. This system improves the availability of the solution but does not improve its accuracy. We will describe in more detail the deep hybridization device 3 'in relation to FIG. 2.
- inertial navigation (“Inertial Navigation System” or “INS” in English) which transforms into position and attitude S3' , the M2 measurements of linear acceleration and rotational speeds and the corrections estimated by an extended Kalman filter 32 (“Extended Kalman Filter” or “EKF” in English) and reintroduced into the inertial navigation system 31.
- the system 31 is the primary positioning system; it offers a position and attitude S3 'in 6 dimensions at a high rate (greater than 100 Hz). It also includes an element 33 for calculating the distances between the satellites of the positioning system and the hybrid system.
- the solution S3 ′ is also used in the receiver 1 to maintain the code tracking and phase tracking loops of the receiver as indicated above.
- Receivers and sensors have a signal processing chain in which functions are generally found amplification, filtering and shaping of the received signals which are often of low level. Then come the functions of sampling and quantification (or digitization) of these signals so that they can be used by a computer to determine a position for example.
- the independent digitization of the signals coming from the receiver and those coming from the sensors introduces errors which can result in bias or noise depending on whether these errors are random or deterministic; these errors degrade the accuracy of the calculation.
- High-performance hybrid systems that is to say to obtain precision, availability, integrity and qualification of the result, are generally bulky, heavy, expensive and energy-hungry.
- the energy sources, the weight, the consumption and the bulk of the equipment are penalizing factors whereas we are always looking for more performance and ease of implementation of the system.
- the point of measurement does not generally coincide with the point of interest to be determined.
- the measurement point located at the level of the system is offset relative to the point to be determined which is for example located at ground level.
- This is a vertical offset imposed by the use of a topographic rod fitted to the hybrid system; this is fitted with a spirit level or a distance sensor responsible for compensating for the distance from the point to be determined.
- the calculation of the offset position is then obtained from the solution calculated by the hybrid system to which a vertical translation is applied.
- it is not always possible to use a topographic rod this is the case when it is a question, for example, of surveying on a vertical surface.
- An important aim of the invention is therefore to propose an efficient hybrid system which does not have these drawbacks.
- the invention provides a hybrid positioning system capable of determining the position and attitude of a carrier, comprising a receiver of positioning signals, a unit of local sensors, and means for sampling the signals received by the receiver and the signals detected by the sensors, mainly characterized in that it comprises a synchronization element capable of synchronizing on the same time base the sampling of the signals received by the receiver with the sampling of the signals detected by the sensors and to date them with this time base.
- a synchronization element capable of synchronizing on the same time base the sampling of the signals received by the receiver with the sampling of the signals detected by the sensors and to date them with this time base.
- FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c already described schematically represent a loose (1a), tight (1b) and deep (1c) hybridization system
- FIG. 2 already described schematically represents a deep hybridization device
- FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of a hybrid system according to the invention
- Figures 4a and 4b schematically represent a first and a second embodiment of the hybrid system according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a hybrid system 100 according to the invention. It includes a receiver 1, a unit 2 of sensors, a hybridization device 3 'and an element 4 for calculating the offset position.
- the references relating to the same elements are identical from one figure to another.
- the receiver 1 typically comprises an antenna for receiving the positioning signals. It may be an antenna 11a for receiving radio-satellite signals for differential positioning or an antenna 11b for receiving positioning signals from a terrestrial system.
- These positioning signals comprise a carrier modulated by a code and possibly by data, whether these are radio-satellite signals or coming from a terrestrial system.
- These antennas are connected to a frequency converter 12, connected to an analog-digital converter 13, itself connected to a device 14 for processing the signals from the converters 12 and 13.
- the device 14 notably includes code tracking loops and carrier phase.
- This device 14 provides measurements M1 of code and phase pseudo-distances to the device 3 'of deep hybridization; the results S3 'from this device 3' are used in a device 15 to control and assist the tracking loops of the signal processing device 14, in particular in the event of loss or search for the radio signal coming from a terrestrial source or satellite.
- These results S3 ′ are also supplied to element 4 for calculating the offset position.
- the sensor unit 2 conventionally comprises an inertial sensor 21 which includes, for example, 3 accelerometers and 3 gyrometers. It also preferably includes a sensor 22 for calculating a position offset such as a distance meter.
- the sensor unit 2 can also include, as sensor 22, a magnetometer and / or an altimeter. These sensors 21 and / or 22 are connected to an element 23 for shaping the signals detected by these sensors, which in particular has an amplification and filtering function, and which is connected to an analog-digital converter 24, itself even connected to a device 25 for processing the signals from the converters 23 and 24.
- This device 25 provides inertial measurements M2 to the device 3 'for deep hybridization; the results S3 'from this device 3' are used in a calibration and control loop comprising the hybridization device 3 ⁇ a device 26 for calibration and control and the device 25 for signal processing.
- the device 25 also provides position offset measurements M'2 to the element 4 for calculating the position of the offset point; these measurements' 2 come from the signals detected by the sensors 22 and have followed the processing chain via the devices 23, 24 and 25.
- the position offset calculation is carried out directly by the element 4 from these measurements M'2 and solution S3 '. This calculation is illustrated below.
- the system according to the invention furthermore comprises a device 5 for synchronization and generation of a reference time, connected on the one hand to the device 14 from which it acquires the reference time such as for example a GNSS reference time and on the other hand to the analog-digital converters 13 and 24, as well as to the device 25. It provides the converters 13 and 24 respectively with a receiver sampling frequency f er and a sensor sampling frequency f ec calculated by this device 5 as a function of the desired precision and of the dynamics to be restored, that is to say of the acceleration of the carrier.
- GNSS signals are generally sampled at a frequency f ⁇ - of several megahertz, taking into account the clock frequency of the code contained in the GNSS signal; local sensors (inertial sensors and possibly position offset calculation sensors) generally require a lower sampling frequency. Therefore, for these sensors, a sampling frequency f ec is used which is multiple of that of the GNSS signal and synchronized with it.
- f ec is used which is multiple of that of the GNSS signal and synchronized with it.
- This reference time is for example calculated by the 3 'hybridization device (this is the T component of the PVT solution).
- the hybridization device 3 ′ determines the position, the speed, the time (PVT) and the attitude from the positioning measurements M1 supplied by the device 14 for processing the signals received by the antenna and from inertial measurements M2 supplied by the device 25 for processing the signals detected by the sensors. This determination is obtained using for example the method described in patent application No. FR 02 02959. It is a differential positioning method by satellites
- GPS Global Positioning System
- L1 and L2 Global Positioning System
- This process is based on the use of code and phase pseudoranges determined on the two frequencies L1 and L2. It conventionally comprises an initialization step consisting in removing the entire ambiguities on the phase measurements and a kinematic step making it possible to obtain a centimeter positioning.
- the effectiveness of this process lies in the way it uses measurements on L1 and L2 to eliminate the spatial decorrelation of the ionospheric delay specific to any differential positioning system by satellites. This decorrelation, if it is not compensated, limits the operational range of these systems to around ten kilometers.
- the method uses various linear combinations of the frequencies L1 and L2, of the aL1 + bL2 type as well as the geometric properties of the satellite constellations to eliminate phase ambiguities as well as ionospheric decorrelation. This gives it an operational range of the order of several tens of kilometers, or even a hundred.
- the distance sensor includes a distance meter such as a laser and an angle sensor such as an inclinometer.
- the GNSS receiver calculates the position A of its antenna 11a or 11b, the inertial sensor 21 that of a point B and the distance sensor calculates the distance d of the point to be measured D relative to a point C of its axis 22.
- the hybrid system can be distant from the point to be determined: the points A, B, C to which the measurements M1, M2 and M'2 are respectively attached are physically linked. These measurements and the known geometric configuration thus make it possible to calculate the offset position. Depending on the embodiment, it is not always necessary for the hybrid system to be kept vertical. According to a first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the distance sensor is fixed to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly and the hybrid system is kept vertical during the calculation: M'2 then includes only one measurement, the measurement distance.
- M'2 can rotate along an axis of rotation C relative to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly; it is articulated by an arm of constant and known length, to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly.
- M'2 then comprises two measurements, the distance measurement and the angle of rotation ⁇ .
- A is distant from B by a height h1, and B is distant from C by a height h2. It is not necessary in this case to use a topographic cane.
- the invention also applies to the positioning system by satellites GPS (“Global Positioning System”), GLONASS, WAAS (“Widelity”), etc.
- EGNOS European Global Navigation
- the invention also applies to a terrestrial positioning system using radio beacons and / or pseudolites.
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Abstract
Description
SYSTEME DE POSITIONNEMENT HYBRIDE HYBRID POSITIONING SYSTEM
L'invention concerne un système de positionnement hybride apte à déterminer la position et l'attitude d'un porteur. Le domaine de l'invention est celui des systèmes de positionnement hybrides comportant un récepteur de signaux de positionnement terrestre ou par satellites et des capteurs locaux ; ces systèmes hybrides installés à bord d'un porteur, sont utilisés dans des applications maritimes (levés « offshore », ...), aériennes ou terrestres (topographie, ...). On considère plus particulièrement les systèmes hybrides permettant de déterminer la position et l'attitude du porteur au moyen d'un système de positionnement par satellites et d'un système inertiel. Il existe plusieurs systèmes d'hybridation respectivement illustrés figures 1a, 1b et 1c. Le système d'hybridation lâche (figure 1 a) est basé sur l'utilisation d'une part d'un récepteur 1 de signaux radio-satellitaires qui fournit la position, la vitesse et le temps (PVT) S1 et d'autre part de différents capteurs pouvant constituer un système inertiel 2 qui fournit des informations de position et d'orientation S2. Les résultats S1 et S2 des calculs effectués par le récepteur et les capteurs sont eux-mêmes fournis à un dispositif d'hybridation lâche 3 qui calcule une solution de position et d'attitude S3 selon 6 dimensions (3 pour la position, 3 pour l'attitude). Dans la plupart des cas, les résultats S1 du récepteur 1 des signaux radio-satellitaires sont utilisés pour calibrer et aligner le système inertiel 2. Ce système hybride simple a l'inconvénient d'être sous optimal car il faut au moins quatre mesures radio-satellitaires pour obtenir une solution PVT. Le système d'hybridation serrée (figure 1 b) est basé sur l'utilisation d'une part d'un récepteur 1 de signaux radio-satellitaires qui fournit des mesures de pseudo-distances M1 (basées sur le code et la phase des signaux reçus) et d'autre part de différents capteurs, par exemple 3 accéléromètres et 3 gyromètres pouvant constituer un système inertiel 2 qui fournit des mesures d'accélération et de vitesses linéaires et/ou angulaires M2 respectivement délivrées par les accéléromètres et les gyromètres. Les mesures du récepteur et des capteurs sont fournies à un dispositif d'hybridation serrée 3' qui calcule une solution de position et d'attitude S3' selon 6 dimensions. Ce système n'a pas les inconvénients du précédent mais les mesures M1 et M2 fournies au dispositif hybride 3' sont indépendantes et non corrélées puisque provenant de fournisseurs de données séparés. Le système d'hybridation profonde (figure 1 c) est une amélioration du précédent. Il consiste à utiliser la solution S3', en particulier la vitesse et l'orientation, pour calculer et prédire la valeur des mesures de code et phase effectuées par le récepteur 1. Ces calculs sont notamment utilisés en cas de perte des signaux radio-satellitaires (par masquage par exemple), pour entretenir les boucles de poursuite de code et de phase du récepteur et ainsi réduire le temps de réacquisition. Ce système améliore la disponibilité de la solution mais n'améliore pas sa précision. On va décrire plus en détail le dispositif d'hybridation profonde 3' en relation avec la figure 2. Il comporte un élément 31 de navigation inertielle (« Inertial Navigation System » ou « INS » en anglais) qui transforme en position et attitude S3', les mesures M2 d'accélération linéaire et de vitesses de rotation et les corrections estimées par un filtre 32 de Kalman étendu (« Extended Kalman Filter » ou « EKF » en anglais) et réintroduites dans le système 31 de navigation inertielle. Le système 31 est le système primaire de positionnement ; il offre une position et attitude S3' en 6 dimensions à cadence élevée (supérieure à 100 Hz). Il comporte également un élément 33 de calcul des distances entre les satellites du système de positionnement et le système hybride. Ces distances sont calculées à une cadence d'environ 2 Hz, à partir de la solution S3' et à partir des mesures M1 de pseudo-distances de code et de phase qui sont corrigées au mieux des diverses sources d'erreurs. Ces distances sont introduites dans le filtre 32 de Kalman étendu et contribuent ainsi à la correction du système 31 de navigation inertielle. La solution S3' est aussi utilisée dans le récepteur 1 pour entretenir les boucles de poursuite de code et de phase du récepteur comme indiqué précédemment.The invention relates to a hybrid positioning system capable of determining the position and attitude of a carrier. The field of the invention is that of hybrid positioning systems comprising a receiver of terrestrial or satellite positioning signals and local sensors; these hybrid systems installed on board a carrier, are used in maritime applications ("offshore" surveys, ...), air or land (topography, ...). We particularly consider hybrid systems making it possible to determine the position and attitude of the carrier by means of a satellite positioning system and an inertial system. There are several hybridization systems respectively illustrated in Figures 1a, 1b and 1c. The loose hybridization system (FIG. 1 a) is based on the use on the one hand of a receiver 1 of radio-satellite signals which supplies position, speed and time (PVT) S1 and on the other hand different sensors which can constitute an inertial system 2 which provides position and orientation information S2. The results S1 and S2 of the calculations made by the receiver and the sensors are themselves supplied to a loose hybridization device 3 which calculates a solution of position and attitude S3 according to 6 dimensions (3 for the position, 3 for the 'attitude). In most cases, the results S1 of the receiver 1 of the radio-satellite signals are used to calibrate and align the inertial system 2. This simple hybrid system has the disadvantage of being suboptimal since it requires at least four radio measurements. to obtain a PVT solution. The tight hybridization system (FIG. 1 b) is based on the use of a receiver 1 of radio-satellite signals which provides measurements of pseudo-distances M1 (based on the code and the phase of the signals received) and on the other hand from different sensors, for example 3 accelerometers and 3 gyrometers which can constitute an inertial system 2 which provides acceleration and linear and / or angular velocity measurements M2 respectively delivered by the accelerometers and gyrometers. Receiver and sensor measurements are supplied to a device of tight hybridization 3 'which calculates a solution of position and attitude S3' according to 6 dimensions. This system does not have the drawbacks of the previous one, but the measurements M1 and M2 supplied to the hybrid device 3 'are independent and not correlated since they come from separate data providers. The deep hybridization system (Figure 1 c) is an improvement on the previous one. It consists in using the solution S3 ′, in particular the speed and the orientation, to calculate and predict the value of the code and phase measurements carried out by the receiver 1. These calculations are used in particular in the event of loss of radio-satellite signals (by masking for example), to maintain the code tracking and phase loops of the receiver and thus reduce the reacquisition time. This system improves the availability of the solution but does not improve its accuracy. We will describe in more detail the deep hybridization device 3 'in relation to FIG. 2. It includes an element 31 of inertial navigation (“Inertial Navigation System” or “INS” in English) which transforms into position and attitude S3' , the M2 measurements of linear acceleration and rotational speeds and the corrections estimated by an extended Kalman filter 32 (“Extended Kalman Filter” or “EKF” in English) and reintroduced into the inertial navigation system 31. The system 31 is the primary positioning system; it offers a position and attitude S3 'in 6 dimensions at a high rate (greater than 100 Hz). It also includes an element 33 for calculating the distances between the satellites of the positioning system and the hybrid system. These distances are calculated at a rate of approximately 2 Hz, from the solution S3 'and from the measurements M1 of pseudo-distances of code and phase which are corrected to the best of the various sources of errors. These distances are introduced into the extended Kalman filter 32 and thus contribute to the correction of the inertial navigation system 31. The solution S3 ′ is also used in the receiver 1 to maintain the code tracking and phase tracking loops of the receiver as indicated above.
Les récepteurs et les capteurs comportent une chaîne de traitement du signal dans laquelle on trouve généralement des fonctions d'amplification, de filtrage et de mise en forme des signaux reçus qui sont souvent de faible niveau. Viennent ensuite les fonctions d'échantillonnage et de quantification (ou numérisation) de ces signaux pour qu'ils puissent être exploités par un calculateur en vue de déterminer une position par exemple. Dans le cas d'un système hybride, la numérisation de façon indépendante des signaux provenant du récepteur et de ceux provenant des capteurs introduit des erreurs pouvant se traduire par des biais ou des bruits suivant que ces erreurs sont aléatoires ou déterministes ; ces erreurs dégradent la précision du calcul. Les systèmes hybrides performants c'est-à-dire permettant d'obtenir précision, disponibilité, intégrité et qualification du résultat, sont généralement volumineux, lourds, coûteux et gourmands en énergie. Pour les applications terrestres de positionnement et de topographie, où le matériel est porté par l'utilisateur, les sources d'énergie, le poids, la consommation et l'encombrement du matériel sont des facteurs pénalisants alors que l'on recherche par ailleurs toujours plus de performances et de facilité de mise en œuvre du système. De plus, dans les applications de topographie le point de mesure ne coïncide généralement pas avec le point d'intérêt à déterminer. En effet, le point de mesure situé au niveau du système est déporté par rapport au point à déterminer qui est par exemple situé au niveau du sol. Il s'agit d'un déport vertical imposé par l'utilisation d'une canne topographique équipant le système hybride ; celle-ci est munie d'un niveau à bulle ou d'un capteur de distance chargé de compenser l'éloignement du point à déterminer. Le calcul de la position déportée est alors obtenu à partir de la solution calculée par le système hybride à laquelle on applique une translation verticale. Il n'est cependant pas toujours possible d'utiliser une canne topographique : c'est le cas lorsqu'il s'agit par exemple de réaliser des levés sur une surface verticale. Un but important de l'invention est donc de proposer un système hybride performant ne présentant pas ces inconvénients.Receivers and sensors have a signal processing chain in which functions are generally found amplification, filtering and shaping of the received signals which are often of low level. Then come the functions of sampling and quantification (or digitization) of these signals so that they can be used by a computer to determine a position for example. In the case of a hybrid system, the independent digitization of the signals coming from the receiver and those coming from the sensors introduces errors which can result in bias or noise depending on whether these errors are random or deterministic; these errors degrade the accuracy of the calculation. High-performance hybrid systems, that is to say to obtain precision, availability, integrity and qualification of the result, are generally bulky, heavy, expensive and energy-hungry. For terrestrial positioning and topography applications, where the equipment is carried by the user, the energy sources, the weight, the consumption and the bulk of the equipment are penalizing factors whereas we are always looking for more performance and ease of implementation of the system. In addition, in topography applications the point of measurement does not generally coincide with the point of interest to be determined. Indeed, the measurement point located at the level of the system is offset relative to the point to be determined which is for example located at ground level. This is a vertical offset imposed by the use of a topographic rod fitted to the hybrid system; this is fitted with a spirit level or a distance sensor responsible for compensating for the distance from the point to be determined. The calculation of the offset position is then obtained from the solution calculated by the hybrid system to which a vertical translation is applied. However, it is not always possible to use a topographic rod: this is the case when it is a question, for example, of surveying on a vertical surface. An important aim of the invention is therefore to propose an efficient hybrid system which does not have these drawbacks.
Pour atteindre ce but, l'invention propose un système de positionnement hybride apte à déterminer la position et l'attitude d'un porteur, comportant un récepteur de signaux de positionnement, une unité de capteurs locaux, et des moyens d'échantillonnage des signaux reçus par le récepteur et des signaux détectés par les capteurs, principalement caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément de synchronisation apte à synchroniser sur une même base de temps l'échantillonnage des signaux reçus par le récepteur avec l'échantillonnage des signaux détectés par les capteurs et à les dater avec cette base de temps. Ainsi, quelle que soit la provenance des signaux qui contribuent au calcul de position et d'attitude, ceux-ci sont synchronisés : il en résulte une utilisation optimale des signaux disponibles et une amélioration de la précision des calculs. Il en résulte également un meilleur contrôle d'intégrité des mesures en croisant les mesures M1 sur les signaux reçus avec les mesures M2 sur les signaux détectés.To achieve this object, the invention provides a hybrid positioning system capable of determining the position and attitude of a carrier, comprising a receiver of positioning signals, a unit of local sensors, and means for sampling the signals received by the receiver and the signals detected by the sensors, mainly characterized in that it comprises a synchronization element capable of synchronizing on the same time base the sampling of the signals received by the receiver with the sampling of the signals detected by the sensors and to date them with this time base. Thus, whatever the source of the signals which contribute to the calculation of position and attitude, these are synchronized: this results in an optimal use of the available signals and an improvement in the precision of the calculations. This also results in better control of the integrity of the measurements by crossing the measurements M1 on the received signals with the measurements M2 on the detected signals.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : les figures 1a, 1b, 1c déjà décrites représentent schématiquement un système d'hybridation lâche (1a), serrée (1 b) et profonde (1c), la figure 2 déjà décrite représente schématiquement un dispositif d'hybridation profonde, la figure 3 représente schématiquement un exemple de système hybride selon l'invention, les figures 4a et 4b représentent schématiquement un premier et un deuxième mode de réalisation du système hybride selon l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c already described schematically represent a loose (1a), tight (1b) and deep (1c) hybridization system, FIG. 2 already described schematically represents a deep hybridization device, FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of a hybrid system according to the invention, Figures 4a and 4b schematically represent a first and a second embodiment of the hybrid system according to the invention.
On va prendre comme exemple de système hybride, un système comportant un récepteur de signaux radio-satellitaires de positionnement différentiel (c'est-à-dire par rapport à une station de référence de position connue) de type GNSS (« Global Navigation Satellite System ») et un capteur inertiel. On va considérer le cas où ce système hybride est utilisé pour des applications de topographie. On a représenté figure 3 un système hybride 100 selon l'invention. Il comporte un récepteur 1, une unité 2 de capteurs, un dispositif d'hybridisation 3' et un élément 4 de calcul de la position déportée. Les références concernant les mêmes éléments sont identiques d'une figure à l'autre. Le récepteur 1 comprend typiquement une antenne de réception des signaux de positionnement. Il peut s'agir d'une antenne 11a de réception de signaux radio-satellitaires de positionnement différentiel ou une antenne 11b de réception de signaux de positionnement issus d'un système terrestre. Ces signaux de positionnement comportent une porteuse modulée par un code et éventuellement par des données, que ce soit des signaux radio- satellitaires ou issus d'un système terrestre. Ces antennes sont reliées à un convertisseur de fréquence 12, relié à un convertisseur analogique- numérique 13, lui-même relié à un dispositif de traitement 14 des signaux issus des convertisseurs 12 et 13. Le dispositif 14 comporte notamment des boucles de poursuite de code et de phase de la porteuse. Ce dispositif 14 fournit des mesures M1 de pseudo-distances de code et de phase au dispositif 3' d'hybridation profonde ; les résultats S3' issus de ce dispositif 3' sont utilisés dans un dispositif 15 pour contrôler et aider les boucles de poursuite du dispositif 14 de traitement des signaux, en particulier en cas de perte ou de recherche du signal radio venant d'une source terrestre ou satellitaire. Ces résultats S3' sont également fournis à l'élément 4 de calcul de la position déportée. L'unité 2 de capteurs comprend de manière classique un capteur inertiel 21 qui comporte par exemple 3 accéléromètres et 3 gyromètres. Il comprend aussi, de préférence un capteur 22 pour calculer un déport de position tel qu'un distancemètre. L'unité 2 de capteurs peut aussi comporter comme capteur 22, un magnétometre et/ou un altimètre. Ces capteurs 21 et/ou 22 sont reliés à un élément 23 de mise en forme des signaux détectés par ces capteurs, qui a notamment une fonction d'amplification et de filtrage, et qui est relié à un convertisseur analogique-numérique 24, lui-même relié à un dispositif de traitement 25 des signaux issus des convertisseurs 23 et 24. Ce dispositif 25 fournit des mesures inertielles M2 au dispositif 3' d'hybridation profonde ; les résultats S3' issus de ce dispositif 3' sont utilisés dans une boucle de calibration et de contrôle comportant le dispositif d'hybridation 3\ un dispositif 26 de calibration et de contrôle et le dispositif 25 de traitement des signaux. Le dispositif 25 fournit aussi des mesures M'2 de déport de position à l'élément 4 de calcul de la position du point déporté ; ces mesures '2 proviennent des signaux détectés par les capteurs 22 et ont suivi la chaîne de traitement via les dispositifs 23, 24 et 25. Le calcul de déport de position est réalisé directement par l'élément 4 à partir de ces mesures M'2 et de la solution S3'. Ce calcul est illustré plus loin. Le système selon l'invention comprend en outre un dispositif 5 de synchronisation et de génération d'un temps de référence, relié d'une part au dispositif 14 à partir duquel il acquiert le temps de référence comme par exemple un temps de référence GNSS et d'autre part aux convertisseurs analogique-numériques 13 et 24, ainsi qu'au dispositif 25. Il fournit respectivement aux convertisseurs 13 et 24 une fréquence d'échantillonnage récepteur fer et une fréquence d'échantillonnage capteurs fec calculées par ce dispositif 5 en fonction de la précision désirée et de la dynamique à restituer, c'est-à-dire de l'accélération du porteur. Les signaux GNSS sont généralement échantillonnés à une fréquence f^- de plusieurs mégahertz, compte tenu de la fréquence d'horloge du code contenu dans le signal GNSS ; les capteurs locaux (capteurs inertiels et éventuellement capteurs de calcul de déport de position) nécessitent généralement une fréquence d'échantillonnage plus faible. On utilise donc pour ces capteurs une fréquence d'échantillonnage fec sous multiple de celle du signal GNSS et synchronisée avec celle-ci. Lors de leur échantillonnage, les signaux reçus et les signaux détectés sont en outre datés avec ce temps de référence GNSS. Ce temps de référence est par exemple calculé par le dispositif d'hybridation 3' (il s'agit de la composante T de la solution PVT). Ainsi, quelle que soit la provenance des signaux qui contribuent au calcul de position et d'attitude, ceux-ci sont synchronisés : il en résulte une utilisation optimale des signaux disponibles et une amélioration de la précision des calculs. Il en résulte également un meilleur contrôle d'intégrité des mesures en croisant les mesures M1 sur les signaux reçus avec les mesures M2 sur les signaux détectés. Le dispositif 3' d'hybridation détermine la position, la vitesse, le temps (PVT) et l'attitude à partir des mesures de positionnement M1 fournies par le dispositif 14 de traitement des signaux reçus par l'antenne et à partir des mesures inertielles M2 fournies par le dispositif 25 de traitement des signaux détectés par les capteurs. Cette détermination est obtenue en utilisant par exemple le procédé décrit dans la demande de brevet n° FR 02 02959. II s'agit d'un procédé de positionnement différentiel par satellitesWe will take as an example of a hybrid system, a system comprising a receiver of radio-satellite signals for differential positioning (that is to say with respect to a known position reference station) of GNSS (“Global Navigation Satellite System”) type. ”) And an inertial sensor. We will consider the case where this hybrid system is used for topography applications. FIG. 3 shows a hybrid system 100 according to the invention. It includes a receiver 1, a unit 2 of sensors, a hybridization device 3 'and an element 4 for calculating the offset position. The references relating to the same elements are identical from one figure to another. The receiver 1 typically comprises an antenna for receiving the positioning signals. It may be an antenna 11a for receiving radio-satellite signals for differential positioning or an antenna 11b for receiving positioning signals from a terrestrial system. These positioning signals comprise a carrier modulated by a code and possibly by data, whether these are radio-satellite signals or coming from a terrestrial system. These antennas are connected to a frequency converter 12, connected to an analog-digital converter 13, itself connected to a device 14 for processing the signals from the converters 12 and 13. The device 14 notably includes code tracking loops and carrier phase. This device 14 provides measurements M1 of code and phase pseudo-distances to the device 3 'of deep hybridization; the results S3 'from this device 3' are used in a device 15 to control and assist the tracking loops of the signal processing device 14, in particular in the event of loss or search for the radio signal coming from a terrestrial source or satellite. These results S3 ′ are also supplied to element 4 for calculating the offset position. The sensor unit 2 conventionally comprises an inertial sensor 21 which includes, for example, 3 accelerometers and 3 gyrometers. It also preferably includes a sensor 22 for calculating a position offset such as a distance meter. The sensor unit 2 can also include, as sensor 22, a magnetometer and / or an altimeter. These sensors 21 and / or 22 are connected to an element 23 for shaping the signals detected by these sensors, which in particular has an amplification and filtering function, and which is connected to an analog-digital converter 24, itself even connected to a device 25 for processing the signals from the converters 23 and 24. This device 25 provides inertial measurements M2 to the device 3 'for deep hybridization; the results S3 'from this device 3' are used in a calibration and control loop comprising the hybridization device 3 \ a device 26 for calibration and control and the device 25 for signal processing. The device 25 also provides position offset measurements M'2 to the element 4 for calculating the position of the offset point; these measurements' 2 come from the signals detected by the sensors 22 and have followed the processing chain via the devices 23, 24 and 25. The position offset calculation is carried out directly by the element 4 from these measurements M'2 and solution S3 '. This calculation is illustrated below. The system according to the invention furthermore comprises a device 5 for synchronization and generation of a reference time, connected on the one hand to the device 14 from which it acquires the reference time such as for example a GNSS reference time and on the other hand to the analog-digital converters 13 and 24, as well as to the device 25. It provides the converters 13 and 24 respectively with a receiver sampling frequency f er and a sensor sampling frequency f ec calculated by this device 5 as a function of the desired precision and of the dynamics to be restored, that is to say of the acceleration of the carrier. GNSS signals are generally sampled at a frequency f ^ - of several megahertz, taking into account the clock frequency of the code contained in the GNSS signal; local sensors (inertial sensors and possibly position offset calculation sensors) generally require a lower sampling frequency. Therefore, for these sensors, a sampling frequency f ec is used which is multiple of that of the GNSS signal and synchronized with it. During their sampling, the received signals and the detected signals are further dated with this GNSS reference time. This reference time is for example calculated by the 3 'hybridization device (this is the T component of the PVT solution). Thus, whatever the source of the signals which contribute to the calculation of position and attitude, these are synchronized: this results in an optimal use of the available signals and an improvement in the precision of the calculations. This also results in better control of the integrity of the measurements by crossing the measurements M1 on the received signals with the measurements M2 on the detected signals. The hybridization device 3 ′ determines the position, the speed, the time (PVT) and the attitude from the positioning measurements M1 supplied by the device 14 for processing the signals received by the antenna and from inertial measurements M2 supplied by the device 25 for processing the signals detected by the sensors. This determination is obtained using for example the method described in patent application No. FR 02 02959. It is a differential positioning method by satellites
GPS (« Global Positioning System » en anglais) émettant sur deux fréquences L1 et L2, qui permet d'obtenir un positionnement avec une précision centimétrique. Ce procédé est basé sur l'utilisation de pseudodistances de code et de phase déterminées sur les deux fréquences L1 et L2. Il comporte de manière classique une étape d'initialisation consistant à lever les ambiguïtés entières sur les mesures de phase et une étape cinématique permettant d'obtenir un positionnement centimétrique. L'efficacité de ce procédé réside dans son mode d'utilisation des mesures sur L1 et L2 pour éliminer la décorrélation spatiale du délai ionosphérique propre à tout système de positionnement différentiel par satellites. Cette décorrélation, si elle n'est pas compensée, limite à une dizaine de kilomètres la portée opérationnelle de ces systèmes. Le procédé utilise diverses combinaisons linéaires des fréquences L1 et L2, du type aL1+bL2 ainsi que les propriétés géométriques des constellations de satellites pour éliminer les ambiguïtés de phase ainsi que la décorrélation ionosphérique. Ceci lui confère une portée opérationnelle de l'ordre de plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres, voire une centaine. On va à présent illustrer le calcul direct d'une position déportée. On considère les positions du récepteur GNSS, du capteur inertiel et du capteur de distance équipant un système hybride selon l'invention. Le capteur de distance comporte un distancemètre tel qu'un laser et un capteur d'angle tel qu'un inclinomètre. Le récepteur GNSS calcule la position A de son antenne 11a ou 11b, le capteur inertiel 21 celle d'un point B et le capteur de distance calcule la distance d du point à mesurer D par rapport à un point C de son axe 22. Grâce au capteur de distance, le système hybride peut être éloigné du point à déterminer : les points A, B, C auxquels sont respectivement rattachées les mesures M1 , M2 et M'2 sont liés physiquement . Ces mesures et la configuration géométrique connue permettent ainsi de calculer la position déportée. Selon le mode de réalisation, il n'est pas toujours nécessaire que le système hybride soit maintenu vertical. Selon un premier mode de réalisation représenté figure 4a, le capteur de distance est fixé à l'ensemble récepteur GNSS-capteur inertiel et le système hybride est maintenu vertical lors du calcul : M'2 ne comprend alors qu'une seule mesure, la mesure de distance. On a A distant de B d'une hauteur h1 , et B distant de C d'une hauteur h2. Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation représenté figure 4b, le capteur de distance peut tourner selon un axe de rotation C par rapport à l'ensemble récepteur GNSS-capteur inertiel ; il est articulé par un bras de longueur constante et connue, à l'ensemble récepteur GNSS-capteur inertiel. M'2 comprend alors deux mesures, la mesure de distance et l'angle de rotation β. A est distant de B d'une hauteur h1 , et B est distant de C d'une hauteur h2. Il n'est pas nécessaire dans ce cas de recourir à une canne topographique. L'invention s'applique aussi au système de positionnement par satellites GPS (« Global Positioning System »), GLONASS, WAAS (« WideGPS (“Global Positioning System” in English) transmitting on two frequencies L1 and L2, which allows positioning with centimeter accuracy. This process is based on the use of code and phase pseudoranges determined on the two frequencies L1 and L2. It conventionally comprises an initialization step consisting in removing the entire ambiguities on the phase measurements and a kinematic step making it possible to obtain a centimeter positioning. The effectiveness of this process lies in the way it uses measurements on L1 and L2 to eliminate the spatial decorrelation of the ionospheric delay specific to any differential positioning system by satellites. This decorrelation, if it is not compensated, limits the operational range of these systems to around ten kilometers. The method uses various linear combinations of the frequencies L1 and L2, of the aL1 + bL2 type as well as the geometric properties of the satellite constellations to eliminate phase ambiguities as well as ionospheric decorrelation. This gives it an operational range of the order of several tens of kilometers, or even a hundred. We will now illustrate the direct calculation of a remote position. We consider the positions of the GNSS receiver, the inertial sensor and the distance sensor fitted to a hybrid system according to the invention. The distance sensor includes a distance meter such as a laser and an angle sensor such as an inclinometer. The GNSS receiver calculates the position A of its antenna 11a or 11b, the inertial sensor 21 that of a point B and the distance sensor calculates the distance d of the point to be measured D relative to a point C of its axis 22. Through to the distance sensor, the hybrid system can be distant from the point to be determined: the points A, B, C to which the measurements M1, M2 and M'2 are respectively attached are physically linked. These measurements and the known geometric configuration thus make it possible to calculate the offset position. Depending on the embodiment, it is not always necessary for the hybrid system to be kept vertical. According to a first embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, the distance sensor is fixed to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly and the hybrid system is kept vertical during the calculation: M'2 then includes only one measurement, the measurement distance. We have A distant from B by a height h1, and B distant from C by a height h2. According to a second embodiment shown in Figure 4b, the distance sensor can rotate along an axis of rotation C relative to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly; it is articulated by an arm of constant and known length, to the GNSS receiver-inertial sensor assembly. M'2 then comprises two measurements, the distance measurement and the angle of rotation β. A is distant from B by a height h1, and B is distant from C by a height h2. It is not necessary in this case to use a topographic cane. The invention also applies to the positioning system by satellites GPS (“Global Positioning System”), GLONASS, WAAS (“Wide
Aéra Augmentation System »), EGNOS (« European Global NavigationAéra Augmentation System ”), EGNOS (“ European Global Navigation
Overlay Service »), et ou GALILEO. L'invention s'applique aussi à un système de positionnement terrestre utilisant des radio-balises et/ou des pseudolites. Overlay Service ”), and or GALILEO. The invention also applies to a terrestrial positioning system using radio beacons and / or pseudolites.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0310761A FR2859793B1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | HYBRID POSITIONING SYSTEM |
| FR0310761 | 2003-09-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005026768A1 true WO2005026768A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
Family
ID=34203417
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/052081 Ceased WO2005026768A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-08 | Hybrid positioning system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2859793B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005026768A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5983160A (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-11-09 | Raytheon Company | Increase jamming immunity by optimizing processing gain for GPS/INS systems |
| US6208936B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-03-27 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Utilization of a magnetic sensor to compensate a MEMS-IMU/GPS and de-spin strapdown on rolling missiles |
| EP1143264A2 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-10 | CLARION Co., Ltd. | GPS receiver having DR sensor signal sampling function |
| US6449485B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2002-09-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for mobile wireless device location |
| US6516021B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2003-02-04 | The Aerospace Corporation | Global positioning systems and inertial measuring unit ultratight coupling method |
| FR2836997A1 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-12 | Thales Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE POSITION OF TWO POINTS, BASED ON SATELLITE POSITIONING SIGNALS |
-
2003
- 2003-09-12 FR FR0310761A patent/FR2859793B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-09-08 WO PCT/EP2004/052081 patent/WO2005026768A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5983160A (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-11-09 | Raytheon Company | Increase jamming immunity by optimizing processing gain for GPS/INS systems |
| US6449485B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2002-09-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for mobile wireless device location |
| US6208936B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-03-27 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Utilization of a magnetic sensor to compensate a MEMS-IMU/GPS and de-spin strapdown on rolling missiles |
| US6516021B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2003-02-04 | The Aerospace Corporation | Global positioning systems and inertial measuring unit ultratight coupling method |
| EP1143264A2 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-10 | CLARION Co., Ltd. | GPS receiver having DR sensor signal sampling function |
| FR2836997A1 (en) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-12 | Thales Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE POSITION OF TWO POINTS, BASED ON SATELLITE POSITIONING SIGNALS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2859793B1 (en) | 2006-03-24 |
| FR2859793A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 |
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