WO2005018793A1 - Tubular reforming furnace - Google Patents
Tubular reforming furnace Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005018793A1 WO2005018793A1 PCT/EP2004/007370 EP2004007370W WO2005018793A1 WO 2005018793 A1 WO2005018793 A1 WO 2005018793A1 EP 2004007370 W EP2004007370 W EP 2004007370W WO 2005018793 A1 WO2005018793 A1 WO 2005018793A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0866—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combination of different heating methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tube cracking furnace for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam under increased pressure, with which the synthesis gas is produced.
- synthesis gas is used, for example, for the synthesis of ammonia, hydrogen and methanol.
- Tube cracking furnace for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam have been known for a long time and in a variety of embodiments.
- a design has prevailed in which a ceiling-fired box furnace with vertical reaction tubes or canned tubes is used.
- the canned tubes are arranged in rows.
- the gas outlet temperatures are usually 900 ° C and above.
- the process gas is collected in the lower area - inside or outside the furnace - in so-called outlet collectors. Burners firing vertically downwards are arranged in the "alleys" between the rows of pipes. This area is called the oven box.
- the flue gas generated flows through the furnace from top to bottom and is extracted through so-called flue gas tunnels on the floor.
- the flue gas temperatures in the furnace box are on average 950 to 1250 ° C.
- the object of the invention is therefore to improve the construction of the reactor in such a way that an equalization of the flue gas flow and a more uniform temperature distribution can be achieved.
- the invention solves the problem by a tube cracking furnace
- the canned tube system as a reaction space comprising a plurality of vertical tubes which are arranged in rows and are suitable for filling with catalyst and have means for supplying hydrocarbons and steam to be reformed to the reaction space and means for removing reformed synthesis gas from the reaction space, Furthermore in the upper area of the firing chamber having a large number of firing devices which can produce downward flames which are suitable for heating the above-mentioned pipes,
- the outer walls of the tunnels are essentially wedge-shaped and converge in the upward direction.
- the outer walls of the tunnels are designed in a step-like manner, the wedge shape being retained.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the axes of the openings in the side walls of the tunnels do not run horizontally and the inlet openings on the side of the firing chamber point in the direction of the ceiling.
- the outer walls of the tunnels are increased either by making the tunnel more pointed or by placing a wall or a wedge made of ceramic or heat-resistant metallic materials on a tunnel.
- the weight of the attached wall can be absorbed by supporting pillars arranged within the tunnels.
- the elevation of the tunnels can be different for different tunnels. It is also possible to place a wall that is inclined in relation to the vertical tunnels on the outside tunnels and that leans against the wall of the furnace box.
- the flue gas tunnels in the outer “alleys” are separated by a further height than the other tunnels. Height enlargement designed so that a more even outflow of flue gases is achieved.
- the tunnel walls can run both mirror-symmetrically and asymmetrically to one another.
- the tunnel wall facing the outer wall of the furnace box can also be connected to the outer wall of the furnace box.
- the residence time of the gases can be reduced by up to 50%, which is an advantage of the invention.
- By increasing the extraction tunnels there is an improved radiant heat transfer in the lower area of the firing chamber, which reduces the size of the tubular cracking furnace, which is a further advantage of the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a section through a preferred embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a section through a further embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows a section of the embodiment which is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to FIG. 2 about the vertical axis, which is shown in FIG. 2 4 shows a conventional type of construction
- FIG. 5 shows a section through a tunnel wall as a further preferred embodiment.
- Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a furnace box 1 of a primary reformer, in which a plurality of canned tubes 2 are arranged in 6 rows. During the intended operation, these canned tubes are filled with catalyst are flowed through by the feed gas or synthesis gas, which are derived from the synthesis gas collectors 3 from the primary reformer. In the ceiling area of the open box 1, a plurality of burners 4 are also arranged in 7 rows, which fire the canned tubes during normal operation.
- Fig. 1 shows in the lower area the tunnels 5 and 6 according to the invention for the flue gas extraction, with each burner row is assigned a tunnel. All tunnels have extraction devices in the side walls, perpendicular to the drawing plane and therefore not visible on average, for the discharge of the smoke gases generated by the burners from the primary reformer.
- the tunnels 5 and 6 are made of ceramic materials, which are broken through at a large number of points, so that the flue gas from the exhaust chamber 7, which is formed by the space surrounding the tunnels, can enter the tunnels.
- the two outermost tunnels 5 are connected to the wall of the furnace box and the wall of which is broken only on the side facing the can.
- the walls of the remaining tunnels 6 are broken through on both sides. All tunnels are tapered to the top and significantly higher than the tunnels 8 shown in FIG. 4 according to the conventional state of the art. It is hereby achieved that the heat radiation of the tunnel outer walls to a considerable extent for uniform and better heating of the can, in which the endothermic reforming reaction takes place, which leads to a reduction in size, which is an advantage of the invention.
- the tunnels Due to the increased height, the tunnels also act as guiding surfaces for the flue gas flow and reduce their swirling. In this way, more uniform flames are also achieved in the burners 4, which are further advantages of the invention. Due to the more uniform and better heating of the can, the reaction taking place there is also more favorable and less heating surface is required for the same turnover compared to the prior art shown in FIG. 4, which leads to considerable savings in investment costs and a further advantage of Invention is.
- Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, which can be used particularly advantageously when retrofitting existing systems with existing tunnels 8.
- the tunnels are placed in the form of guide surfaces.
- these guide surfaces 9 can be placed at an angle and supported against the outer wall of the furnace box.
- Vertical guide surfaces 10 are placed on the tunnels on the inside.
- FIG. 3 shows these supports in a representation rotated by 90 degrees.
- FIG. 3 also shows one of the guide surfaces 10, which in the present example has a curved shape that rises towards the edges.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 can of course also be combined.
- a guide surface can also be placed on a tunnel as shown in FIG. 1, and the tunnels shown in FIG. 1 can also be provided with supports. Both the tunnels can also have a curved shape, preferably rising towards the edge, as the guide surface shown in FIG. 3, and the guide surface can have straight upper edges.
- Fig. 5 shows a section through a segment of a stepless tunnel wall, which is formed from a plurality of shaped stones 13.
- the openings 12 in the tunnel wall through which the gas flows from the furnace box 1 into the tunnel 5 can be seen.
- the axes of the openings 12 are inclined from the horizontal to the furnace box ceiling in such a way that the exhaust gas undergoes a significantly reduced deflection than in the conventional implementation.
- the gas flow is indicated by solid arrows.
- Discharge chamber 14 axis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Röhrenspaltofen Tube cracking furnace
[0001] Die Erfindung betrifft einen Röhrenspaltofen zur katalytischen Reformierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Wasserdampf unter erhöhtem Druck, mit dem Synthesegas hergestellt wird. Derartiges Synthesegas dient beispielsweise zur Synthese von Ammoniak, Wasserstoff und Methanol.The invention relates to a tube cracking furnace for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam under increased pressure, with which the synthesis gas is produced. Such synthesis gas is used, for example, for the synthesis of ammonia, hydrogen and methanol.
[0002] Röhrenspaltofen zur katalytischen Reformierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Wasserdampf sind seit langem und in einer Vielzahl von Ausführungsformen bekannt. Bei Großanlagen hat sich eine Bauart durchgesetzt, bei der ein deckengefeuerter Kastenofen mit senkrecht stehenden Reaktionsrohren bzw. Spaltrohren zum Einsatz kommt. Hierbei sind die Spaltrohre in Reihen angeordnet. Die Rohre werden mit Prozessgas, auch Einsatzgas, von oben nach unten durchströmt. Das Einsatzgas wird dabei einem sogenannten Spaltprozeß unterzogen.Tube cracking furnace for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam have been known for a long time and in a variety of embodiments. In large systems, a design has prevailed in which a ceiling-fired box furnace with vertical reaction tubes or canned tubes is used. Here, the canned tubes are arranged in rows. Process gas, including feed gas, flows through the tubes from top to bottom. The feed gas is subjected to a so-called cracking process.
[0003] Die Gasaustrittstemperaturen liegen üblicherweise bei 900 °C und darüber. Das Prozessgas wird im unteren Bereich - im, oder außerhalb des Ofens - in sogenannten Austrittskollektoren gesammelt. In den zwischen den Rohrreihen liegenden "Gassen" sind senkrecht nach unten feuernde Brenner angeordnet. Dieser Bereich wird als Ofenbox bezeichnet. Das erzeugte Rauchgas durchströmt den Ofen von oben nach unten und wird durch am Boden liegende sogenannte Rauchgastunnel abgezogen. Die Rauchgastemperaturen in der Ofenbox liegen im Durchschnitt bei 950 bis 1250 °C.The gas outlet temperatures are usually 900 ° C and above. The process gas is collected in the lower area - inside or outside the furnace - in so-called outlet collectors. Burners firing vertically downwards are arranged in the "alleys" between the rows of pipes. This area is called the oven box. The flue gas generated flows through the furnace from top to bottom and is extracted through so-called flue gas tunnels on the floor. The flue gas temperatures in the furnace box are on average 950 to 1250 ° C.
[0004] Bei solchen bekannten Bauweisen, insbesondere in Röhrenspaltofen mit mehreren, oder einer Vielzahl von Rohrreihen, wurde eine sehr ungleichmäßige, durch Rezirkulationen und Flammenablenkung, insbesondere in den äußeren Rohrreihen, verursachte Rauchgasströmung beobachtet. Diese Rezirkulation führt zu niedrigen Rauchgas- und Prozessgastemperaturen in den äußeren Rohrreihen im Vergleich zu den mittleren Reihen. In in Betrieb befindlichen Anlagen wurden hier Differenzen bei den Prozessgasen von bis zu 60 K gemessen. Die niedrigere Temperatur in den Außenreihen wirkt sich sehr nachteilig auf den Spaltprozess aus.In such known designs, especially in a tube furnace with several or a plurality of rows of pipes, a very uneven, caused by recirculation and flame deflection, especially in the outer rows of flue gas flow was observed. This recirculation leads to low flue gas and process gas temperatures in the outer rows of pipes compared to the middle rows. In operating systems, differences in the process gases of up to 60 K were measured. The lower temperature in the outer rows has a very disadvantageous effect on the splitting process.
[0005] In "Fluegas FIow Pattems in Top-fired Steam Reforming Fumaces " (P.W. Farnell & W.ü. Cotton, The 44th Annual Safety In Ammonia Plants and Related Facili- ties Symposium, 09/1999) wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Volumenstrom der Verbrennungsluft in den äußeren Brennerreihen, welche in der Regel nur mit 70% der Leistung betrieben werden, zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig den Anteil an Brennstoff auf dem verminderten Niveau zu belassen. Hierdurch wird der physikalische Saugeffekt kompensiert, ohne eine Überhitzung der mit Katalysator gefüllten angrenzenden Rohrreihen hervorzurufen. Die verminderte Heizleistung dieser randständigen, wandnahen Brennerreihen kann mit dieser Lösung nicht verbessert werden.[0005] "Fluegas fiow pattems in top-fired steam reforming Fumaces" (PW Farnell & W.ü. Cotton, The 44 th Annual Safety in Ammonia Plants and Related Facili- ties Symposium, 09/1999) it is proposed that the Volume flow of the combustion air in the outer rows of burners, which usually only with 70% of the output operated, to increase and at the same time to keep the proportion of fuel at the reduced level. This compensates for the physical suction effect without causing the adjacent rows of pipes filled with catalyst to overheat. The reduced heating output of these marginal burner rows near the wall cannot be improved with this solution.
[0006] In "Fluegas Circulation and Heat Distribution in Large Scale Down-fired Reformer Furnaces" (D. Barnett, Deyuan Wu, The 45th Annual Safety In Ammonia Plants and Related Facilities Symposium, 09/2000) wird das Problem der Flammenablenkung ebenfalls eingehend beschrieben. In dieser Schrift wird vorgeschlagen, die Strömungskegel der Brennerstrahlen zu optimieren, in dem durch eine veränderte Düsenform die Brennerstrahlen konzentriert werden und weiterhin eine Erhöhung der Gasgeschwindigkeit vorzunehmen, um die Brennerstrahlen tiefer in den Ofenraum zu leiten.In "Fluegas Circulation and Heat Distribution in Large Scale Down-fired Reformer Furnaces" (D. Barnett, Deyuan Wu, The 45 th Annual Safety In Ammonia Plants and Related Facilities Symposium, 09/2000) the problem of flame deflection is also discussed described in detail. In this document it is proposed to optimize the flow cone of the burner jets by concentrating the burner jets through a modified nozzle shape and further increasing the gas velocity in order to guide the burner jets deeper into the furnace chamber.
[0007] Es bleibt offen hinsichtlich der vorgenannten Lösungen, wie sich in der technischen Anwendung das hochturbulente Gassystem im Ofenraum verhalten wird, da die Saugeffekte durch den erhöhten Impuls ebenfalls erhöht werden, was dann wieder zu lokalen Verschiebungen in der Temperaturverteilung führen wird. Vorrangig a- ber ist zu erwarten und als kritisch anzumerken, dass die Wärme zu spät entwickelt wird, da sie durch den erhöhten Impuls an dem oberen Bereich der Rohre vorbei geführt wird, sofern sich die simulierte Strömung einstellt. Im diesem oberen Bereich der Rohre findet aber die intensivste Reaktion statt und es besteht somit auch der größte Wärmebedarf. Eine Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades des Ofens ist zu erwarten.It remains open with regard to the aforementioned solutions, how the highly turbulent gas system will behave in the furnace space in technical applications, since the suction effects are also increased by the increased impulse, which will then again lead to local shifts in the temperature distribution. The priority, however, is to be expected and should be noted as critical that the heat is developed too late, since the increased impulse leads it past the upper area of the pipes, provided the simulated flow occurs. However, the most intensive reaction takes place in this upper area of the pipes and there is therefore also the greatest heat requirement. The efficiency of the furnace is expected to deteriorate.
[0008] Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher, die Bauweise des Reaktors dahingehend zu verbessern, dass eine Vergleichmäßigung der Rauchgasströmung und eine gleichmäßigere Temperaturverteilung erreicht werden.The object of the invention is therefore to improve the construction of the reactor in such a way that an equalization of the flue gas flow and a more uniform temperature distribution can be achieved.
[0009] Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe durch einen Röhrenspaltofen,The invention solves the problem by a tube cracking furnace,
• aufweisend ein Spaltrohrsystem und einen Befeuerungsraum,Having a canned pipe system and a firing room,
• dabei das Spaltrohrsystem als Reaktionsraum umfassend eine Vielzahl von vertikalen Rohren, welche in Reihen angeordnet und zum Füllen mit Katalysator geeignet sind und Einrichtungen zum Zuführen von zu reformierenden Kohlenwasserstoffen und Wasserdampf zum Reaktionsraum sowie Einrichtungen zum Abführen reformierten Synthesegases aus dem Reaktionsraum besitzen, • dabei weiterhin im oberen Bereich des Befeuerungsraums aufweisend eine Vielzahl von Befeuerungseinrichtungen, welche im wesentlichen abwärts gerichtete Flammen erzeugen können, welche geeignet sind, die oben genannten Rohre zu beheizen,The canned tube system as a reaction space comprising a plurality of vertical tubes which are arranged in rows and are suitable for filling with catalyst and have means for supplying hydrocarbons and steam to be reformed to the reaction space and means for removing reformed synthesis gas from the reaction space, Furthermore in the upper area of the firing chamber having a large number of firing devices which can produce downward flames which are suitable for heating the above-mentioned pipes,
• sich im unteren Bereich des Befeuerungsraumes eine Vielzahl von im wesentlichen waagerecht angeordneten, parallel zueinander und senkrecht zu den vertikalen Rohren verlaufender Tunnel aus keramischen Werkstoffen zum Abzug der Rauchgase durch Öffnungen in den Seitenwänden der Tunnel befinden, wobei• in the lower area of the firing chamber there are a plurality of essentially horizontally arranged tunnels made of ceramic materials running parallel to one another and perpendicular to the vertical pipes, for extracting the flue gases through openings in the side walls of the tunnels, whereby
• die Außenwände der Tunnel im wesentlichen keilförmig, in Aufwärtsrichtung aufeinander zulaufend ausgeprägt sind.• The outer walls of the tunnels are essentially wedge-shaped and converge in the upward direction.
[0010] in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Außenwände der Tunnel stufenförmig ausgebildet, wobei die Keilform erhalten bleibt.In one embodiment of the invention, the outer walls of the tunnels are designed in a step-like manner, the wedge shape being retained.
[0011] Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Achsen der Öffnungen in den Seitenwänden der Tunnel nicht horizontal verlaufen und die Eintrittsöffnungen auf der Seite des Befeuerungsraumes in Richtung der Raumdecke zeigen.A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the axes of the openings in the side walls of the tunnels do not run horizontally and the inlet openings on the side of the firing chamber point in the direction of the ceiling.
[0012] In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Außenwände der Tunnel erhöht, indem entweder der Tunnel spitzer ausgeführt oder eine Wand oder ein Keil aus keramischen oder hitzebeständigen metallischen Werkstoffen auf einen Tunnel aufgesetzt wird. Hierbei kann das Gewicht der aufgesetzten Wand durch innerhalb der Tunnel angeordnete Stützpfeiler aufgenommen werden. Die Erhöhung der Tunnel kann bei verschiedenen Tunneln unterschiedlich ausfallen. Auch kann auf den außen gelegenen Tunneln eine gegenüber der senkrechten geneigten Wand aufgesetzt werden, die sich an die Wandung der Ofenbox anlehnt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the outer walls of the tunnels are increased either by making the tunnel more pointed or by placing a wall or a wedge made of ceramic or heat-resistant metallic materials on a tunnel. Here, the weight of the attached wall can be absorbed by supporting pillars arranged within the tunnels. The elevation of the tunnels can be different for different tunnels. It is also possible to place a wall that is inclined in relation to the vertical tunnels on the outside tunnels and that leans against the wall of the furnace box.
[0012] Die Stabilität aller Ausgestaltungen kann durch Ausführung eines Formsteins mit Nut und Feder oder Formteilen mit Nut und Feder wesentlich verbessert werden, wobei in einer idealen Ausführungsform der Erfindung auf geeigneten Formsteinen eine glatte Tunnelwand gebildet wird.The stability of all configurations can be significantly improved by executing a molded block with tongue and groove or molded parts with a tongue and groove, with a smooth tunnel wall being formed on suitable shaped blocks in an ideal embodiment of the invention.
[0013] In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden die Rauchgastunnel in den äußeren „Gassen" durch eine gegenüber den übrigen Tunneln weitere Hö- henvergrößerung so gestaltet, dass eine gleichmäßigere Abströmung der Rauchgase erreicht wird.[0013] In a further embodiment of the invention, the flue gas tunnels in the outer “alleys” are separated by a further height than the other tunnels. Height enlargement designed so that a more even outflow of flue gases is achieved.
[0014] Die Tunnelwände können sowohl spiegelsymmetrisch als auch asymmetrisch zueinander verlaufen. In den äußersten Gassen kann die zur Außenwand der Ofenbox gerichtete Tunnelwand auch mit der Außenwand der Ofenbox schlüssig verbunden werden.[0014] The tunnel walls can run both mirror-symmetrically and asymmetrically to one another. In the outermost alleys, the tunnel wall facing the outer wall of the furnace box can also be connected to the outer wall of the furnace box.
[0015] Durch alle diese Maßnahmen entstehen im unteren Bereich des Reformers sogenannte „Abzugskammern" mit hohen Abzugstunneln, die eine gleichmäßige oder gleichmäßigere Abströmung des Rauchgases entlang der Spaltrohre in die Rauchgastunnel hinein bewirken. Rückströmungen und Flammenablenkungen und dadurch unterschiedliche Verweilzeiten der Rauchgase werden ganz oder weitgehend vermieden und somit die Austrittstemperaturen aus dem Reformer vergleichmäßigt.[0015] All of these measures result in so-called “discharge chambers” with high discharge tunnels in the lower area of the reformer, which cause a uniform or more uniform outflow of the flue gas along the gap tubes into the flue gas tunnels. Backflows and flame deflections and thereby different dwell times of the flue gases become completely or largely avoided and thus the outlet temperatures from the reformer are evened out.
[0016] Durch die Vergleichmäßigung der Strömung lässt sich die Verweilzeit der Gase um bis zu 50% verringern, was ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist. Durch die Erhöhung der Abzugstunnel, erfolgt ein verbesserter Strahlungswärmeübergang im unteren Bereich des Befeuerungsraumes, wodurch die Baugröße des Röhrenspaltofens verringert wird, was ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung istBy equalizing the flow, the residence time of the gases can be reduced by up to 50%, which is an advantage of the invention. By increasing the extraction tunnels, there is an improved radiant heat transfer in the lower area of the firing chamber, which reduces the size of the tubular cracking furnace, which is a further advantage of the invention
[0017] Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von 4 Schnittzeichnungen näher erläutert, wobei das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren aber nicht auf diese beispielhafte Ausführungsformen beschränkt ist. Dargestellt ist ein als Primärreformer betriebener Röhrenspaltofen von im wesentlichen quaderförmiger Gestalt aus seitlichem Standpunkt des Betrachters.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of 4 sectional drawings, but the method according to the invention is not restricted to these exemplary embodiments. Shown is a tubular cracking furnace operated as a primary reformer and of essentially cuboid shape from a lateral point of view of the beholder.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform, Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform, Fig. 3 zeigt einen gegenüber Fig. 2 um eine vertikale Achse um 90 Grad gedrehten Schnitt der Ausführungsform, die in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, Fig. 4 zeigt eine Bauform herkömmlicher Art,1 shows a section through a preferred embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a section through a further embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a section of the embodiment which is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to FIG. 2 about the vertical axis, which is shown in FIG. 2 4 shows a conventional type of construction,
Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine Tunnelwand als eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform.5 shows a section through a tunnel wall as a further preferred embodiment.
[0018] Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 zeigen eine Ofenbox 1 eines Primärreformers, in der eine Vielzahl von Spaltrohren 2 in 6 Reihen angeordnet sind. Während des bestimmungsgemäßen Betriebes sind diese Spaltrohre mit Katalysator gefüllt und werden vom Einsatzgas bzw. Synthesegas durchströmt, welches von den Synthesegassammlern 3 aus dem Primärreformer abgeleitet werden. Im Deckenbereich der O- fenbox 1 sind ferner eine Vielzahl von Brennern 4 in 7 Reihen angeordnet, die die Spaltrohre während des bestimmungsgemäßen Betriebes befeuern.Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a furnace box 1 of a primary reformer, in which a plurality of canned tubes 2 are arranged in 6 rows. During the intended operation, these canned tubes are filled with catalyst are flowed through by the feed gas or synthesis gas, which are derived from the synthesis gas collectors 3 from the primary reformer. In the ceiling area of the open box 1, a plurality of burners 4 are also arranged in 7 rows, which fire the canned tubes during normal operation.
[0019] Fig. 1 zeigt im unteren Bereich die erfindungsgemäßen Tunnel 5 und 6 für den Rauchgasabzug, wobei jeder Brennerreihe ein Tunnel zugeordnet ist. Alle Tunnel verfügen, senkrecht zur Zeichenebene und daher im Schnitt nicht sichtbare Abzugsvorrichtungen in den Seitenwänden für die Ableitung der von den Brennern erzeugten Rauchgase aus dem Primärreformer. Die Tunnel 5 und 6 bestehen aus keramischem Werkstoffen, welche an einer Vielzahl von Stellen durchbrochen sind, so dass das Rauchgas aus der Abzugskammer 7, welche durch den die Tunnel umgebenden Raum gebildet wird, in die Tunnel eintreten kann.Fig. 1 shows in the lower area the tunnels 5 and 6 according to the invention for the flue gas extraction, with each burner row is assigned a tunnel. All tunnels have extraction devices in the side walls, perpendicular to the drawing plane and therefore not visible on average, for the discharge of the smoke gases generated by the burners from the primary reformer. The tunnels 5 and 6 are made of ceramic materials, which are broken through at a large number of points, so that the flue gas from the exhaust chamber 7, which is formed by the space surrounding the tunnels, can enter the tunnels.
[0020] Die beiden äußersten Tunnel 5 sind mit der Wand der Ofenbox verbunden und deren Wand ist nur an der den Spaltrohren zugewandten Seite durchbrochen. Die Wände der übrigen Tunnel 6 sind an beiden Seiten durchbrochen. Alle Tunnel sind spitz nach oben zulaufend und deutlich höher als die in Fig. 4 dargestellten Tunnel 8 nach dem herkömmlichen Stand der Technik. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die Wärmestrahlung der Tunnelaußenwände in erheblichem Maße zur gleichmäßigen und besseren Beheizung der Spaltrohre, in denen die endotherme Reformierreaktion stattfindet, beträgt, was zu einer Verkleinerung der Baugröße führt, was ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist.The two outermost tunnels 5 are connected to the wall of the furnace box and the wall of which is broken only on the side facing the can. The walls of the remaining tunnels 6 are broken through on both sides. All tunnels are tapered to the top and significantly higher than the tunnels 8 shown in FIG. 4 according to the conventional state of the art. It is hereby achieved that the heat radiation of the tunnel outer walls to a considerable extent for uniform and better heating of the can, in which the endothermic reforming reaction takes place, which leads to a reduction in size, which is an advantage of the invention.
[0021] Durch die vergrößerte Bauhöhe wirken die Tunnel ferner als Leitflächen für die Rauchgasströmung und verringern deren Verwirbelung. Hierdurch werden auch gleichförmigere Flammen in den Brennern 4 erreicht, was weitere Vorteile der Erfin- s, düng sind. Durch die gleichförmigere und bessere Beheizung der Spaltrohre verläuft auch die dort stattfindende Reaktion günstiger und es wird weniger Heizfläche für den gleichen Umsatz im Vergleich zum in Fig. 4 dargestellten Stand der Technik benötigt, was zu erheblichen Einsparungen bei den Investitionskosten führt und ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist.Due to the increased height, the tunnels also act as guiding surfaces for the flue gas flow and reduce their swirling. In this way, more uniform flames are also achieved in the burners 4, which are further advantages of the invention. Due to the more uniform and better heating of the can, the reaction taking place there is also more favorable and less heating surface is required for the same turnover compared to the prior art shown in FIG. 4, which leads to considerable savings in investment costs and a further advantage of Invention is.
[0022] Während des bestimmungsgemäßen Betriebs wurde bei Bauformen nach dem herkömmlichen Stand der Technik ein Temperaturgefälle innerhalb der Ofenbox von den Innenreihen zu den Außenreihen beobachtet. Um dem entgegenzuwirken und Rezirkulation des Rauchgases zu vermeiden oder einzuschränken, kann vorgesehen werden, die außen gelegenen Tunnel 5 höher als die innen gelegenen Tunnel 6 auszugestalten, um eine größere Wärmeabstrahlungsfläche an der Außenseite der Obenbox zu erreichen und somit den beobachteten Effekt weiter zu verringern, oder, indem die Höhe der äußeren Tunnel bis fast an die Decke der Ofenbox reicht, vollständig zu kompensieren, wobei der Fachmann im Einzelfall Wirtschaftlichkeitsaspekte abzuwägen hat.During normal operation, a temperature gradient within the furnace box from the inner rows to the outer rows was observed in designs according to the conventional prior art. To counteract this and to avoid or restrict recirculation of the flue gas, can be provided be, the outer tunnels 5 higher than the inner tunnels 6 to achieve a larger heat radiation area on the outside of the top box and thus further reduce the observed effect, or by the height of the outer tunnels almost to the ceiling of the Furnace box is sufficient to compensate completely, whereby the expert has to weigh up economic aspects in individual cases.
[0023] Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die insbesondere bei Nachrüstungen bestehender Anlagen mit vorhandenen Tunneln 8 vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden kann. Hierbei werden den Tunneln Mauern in. Form von Leitflächen aufgesetzt. Bei den außen gelegenen Tunneln können diese Leitflächen 9 schräg aufgesetzt und gegen die Außenwand der Ofenbox abgestützt werden. Bei den innen gelegenen Tunneln werden senkrechte Leitflächen 10 aufgesetzt.Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, which can be used particularly advantageously when retrofitting existing systems with existing tunnels 8. Here, the tunnels are placed in the form of guide surfaces. In the external tunnels, these guide surfaces 9 can be placed at an angle and supported against the outer wall of the furnace box. Vertical guide surfaces 10 are placed on the tunnels on the inside.
[0024] Aufgrund der erheblichen Gewichte der als Mauern ausgeführten Leitflächen 9 und 10 müssen in den Tunneln 8 AbStützungen 11 vorgesehen werden. Fig. 3 zeigt diese AbStützungen in einer um 90 Grad gedrehten Darstellung. Fig. 3 zeigt auch eine der Leitflächen 10, die im vorliegenden Beispiel eine geschwungene, zu den Rändern hin ansteigende Form aufweist.Because of the considerable weights of the guide surfaces 9 and 10, which are designed as walls, 8 supports 11 must be provided in the tunnels. Fig. 3 shows these supports in a representation rotated by 90 degrees. FIG. 3 also shows one of the guide surfaces 10, which in the present example has a curved shape that rises towards the edges.
[0025] Selbstverständlich sind die in Fig. 1 bis 3 gezeigten Merkmale auch kombinierbar. So kann auch auf einen Tunnel, wie er in Fig. 1 gezeigt wird, noch eine Leitfläche aufgesetzt werden, außerdem können auch die in Fig. 1 gezeigten Tunnel mit Ab- stützungen versehen werden. Auch können sowohl die Tunnel eine geschwungene Form aufweisen, vorzugsweise zum Rand hin ansteigend, wie die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Leitfläche, als auch die Leitfläche gerade Oberkanten aufweisen.The features shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can of course also be combined. A guide surface can also be placed on a tunnel as shown in FIG. 1, and the tunnels shown in FIG. 1 can also be provided with supports. Both the tunnels can also have a curved shape, preferably rising towards the edge, as the guide surface shown in FIG. 3, and the guide surface can have straight upper edges.
[0026] Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein Segment einer stufenlosen Tunnelwand, welche aus einer Vielzahl von Formsteinen 13 gebildet wird. Erkennbar sind die Öffnungen 12 in der Tunnelwand, durch welche das Gas aus der Ofenbox 1 in den Tunnel 5 strömt. Dabei sind die Achsen der Öffnungen 12 derart zur Ofenboxdecke aus der Horizontalen heraus geneigt, dass das Abgas eine deutlich verringerte Umlen- kung als in der herkömmlichen Durchführung erfährt. Die Gasströmung ist als durchgehende Pfeile angedeutet. BezugszeichenlisteFig. 5 shows a section through a segment of a stepless tunnel wall, which is formed from a plurality of shaped stones 13. The openings 12 in the tunnel wall through which the gas flows from the furnace box 1 into the tunnel 5 can be seen. The axes of the openings 12 are inclined from the horizontal to the furnace box ceiling in such a way that the exhaust gas undergoes a significantly reduced deflection than in the conventional implementation. The gas flow is indicated by solid arrows. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Ofenbox 8 TunnelOven box 8 tunnels
Spaltrohre 9 LeitflächeCan 9 guide surface
Synthesegassammler 10 LeitflächeSynthesis gas collector 10 guide surface
Brenner 11 AbstützungBurner 11 support
Tunnel 12 ÖffnungenTunnel 12 openings
Tunnel 13 FormsteinTunnel 13 shaped stone
Abzugskammer 14 Achse Discharge chamber 14 axis
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10333854.3 | 2003-07-24 | ||
| DE2003133854 DE10333854A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-07-24 | Tubular cracking furnace used for reforming hydrocarbons e.g. to produce synthesis gas, comprises vertical cracker tubes, downward pointing burners and wedge shaped horizontal ceramic tunnels for removing flue gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005018793A1 true WO2005018793A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
Family
ID=34071895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/007370 Ceased WO2005018793A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-06 | Tubular reforming furnace |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10333854A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005018793A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007019830B3 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-07-31 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reformation of hydrocarbons with water vapor under increased pressure, has device for top firring of reformation process furnace, and supply mechanism, which has main inlet channel and secondary inlet channel |
| DE102009030480B3 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-08-05 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reformation of hydrocarbons with steam, comprises reformer tube system used as reaction chamber, and burning chamber, where the reformer tube system has vertical tubes, feeding devices and discharging devices |
| WO2010149361A2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | Uhde Gmbh | Primary reformer having variable smoke gas flow |
| DE102010024539A1 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-22 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reforming of hydrocarbons using water steam under increased pressure, comprises a vertical can system, a combustion chamber and combustion devices arranged parallel to each other |
| US9533275B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2017-01-03 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for endothermic reactions |
| JP2017524646A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-08-31 | ブラッシュ プレシジョン セラミックス インコーポレーテッド | Modified combustion exhaust gas tunnel and its refractory member |
| US10458707B2 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2019-10-29 | Bd Energy Systems, Llc | Furnace tunnels and assembly system |
| CN112794284A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Reformer for performing endothermic processes |
| WO2021101743A1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Reformer box with reformer tunnel including tunnel port |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2932173B1 (en) | 2008-06-05 | 2010-07-30 | Air Liquide | STEAM REFORMING PROCESS WITH ENHANCED SMOKE FLOW |
| DE102011120938A1 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-20 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh | Transportable reformer |
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| WO2008131832A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-06 | Uhde Gmbh | Primary reformer with secondary inlet channels supplying the burner |
| JP2010524826A (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2010-07-22 | ウーデ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Reformer with secondary inflow passage |
| RU2457024C2 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2012-07-27 | Уде Гмбх | Primary reformer with secondary inlet channels directed toward burners |
| US9067786B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2015-06-30 | Uhde Gmbh | Primary reformer with secondary inlet channels supplying the burner |
| DE102007019830B3 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-07-31 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reformation of hydrocarbons with water vapor under increased pressure, has device for top firring of reformation process furnace, and supply mechanism, which has main inlet channel and secondary inlet channel |
| DE102009030480B3 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-08-05 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reformation of hydrocarbons with steam, comprises reformer tube system used as reaction chamber, and burning chamber, where the reformer tube system has vertical tubes, feeding devices and discharging devices |
| WO2010149361A2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | Uhde Gmbh | Primary reformer having variable smoke gas flow |
| US8882866B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2014-11-11 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Primary reformer for reduced nitric oxide formation |
| DE102010024539B4 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2018-10-18 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Primary reformer with variable flue gas flow |
| DE102010024539A1 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-22 | Uhde Gmbh | Reactor for catalytic primary reforming of hydrocarbons using water steam under increased pressure, comprises a vertical can system, a combustion chamber and combustion devices arranged parallel to each other |
| US9533275B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2017-01-03 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for endothermic reactions |
| JP2017524646A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-08-31 | ブラッシュ プレシジョン セラミックス インコーポレーテッド | Modified combustion exhaust gas tunnel and its refractory member |
| EP3152369A4 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2018-01-03 | Blasch Precision Ceramics, Inc. | Reformer flue gas tunnel and refractory components therefor |
| US10155210B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2018-12-18 | Blasch Precision Ceramics, Inc. | Steam reformer furnace, reformer flue gas tunnel therefor and refractory components therefor |
| US11027251B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2021-06-08 | Blasch Precision Ceramics, Inc. | Reformer flue gas tunnel and refractory components therefor |
| US10458707B2 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2019-10-29 | Bd Energy Systems, Llc | Furnace tunnels and assembly system |
| CN112794284A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-14 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Reformer for performing endothermic processes |
| CN112794284B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2024-04-23 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Reformer for performing endothermic process |
| WO2021101743A1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Reformer box with reformer tunnel including tunnel port |
| US11110424B2 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-09-07 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Reformer box with reformer tunnel including tunnel port |
Also Published As
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| DE10333854A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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