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WO2005008285A1 - Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles - Google Patents

Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005008285A1
WO2005008285A1 PCT/RU2003/000324 RU0300324W WO2005008285A1 WO 2005008285 A1 WO2005008285 A1 WO 2005008285A1 RU 0300324 W RU0300324 W RU 0300324W WO 2005008285 A1 WO2005008285 A1 WO 2005008285A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
neutron
detectors
fissile
neutrons
trapping
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2003/000324
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yury Iosiphovich Olshansky
Vladimir Stepanovich Kyzjurov
Andrei Igorevich Laikin
Yury Vasilievich Mikheev
Oleg Borisovich Chistyakov
Stanislav Andreevich Kozlovsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KRYLOV SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
'scientific And Technical Center Ratec Limited'
Original Assignee
KRYLOV SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
'scientific And Technical Center Ratec Limited'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KRYLOV SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 'scientific And Technical Center Ratec Limited' filed Critical KRYLOV SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority to PCT/RU2003/000324 priority Critical patent/WO2005008285A1/fr
Priority to AU2003302156A priority patent/AU2003302156A1/en
Publication of WO2005008285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005008285A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/26—Passive interrogation, i.e. by measuring radiation emitted by objects or goods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G01V5/234—Measuring induced radiation, e.g. thermal neutron activation analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/281—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects detecting special nuclear material [SNM], e.g. Uranium-235, Uranium-233 or Plutonium-239

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus used to detect radioactive, explosive and fissile materials in checked objects, for example, airline luggage, parcel items, and can be utilized in various security applications at airports, nuclear stations, custom points, banks, etc.
  • BACKGROUND ART To protect public safety and prevent terrorist activity it is important to detect hidden explosives. For example, many airports routinely use detection scanning systems to identify explosives or other violent weapons hidden within luggage. Current technologies utilized in such detection systems include principles derived from nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic adsorption, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and X-ray analysis.
  • a useable system must be able to detect the presence of an explosive material whether disposed within an object either in its original manufactured form, or if deployed within the object so as to attempt to confuse or evade the detection system, besides, the system must be non-hazardous to the contents of the checked items and to the operating personnel and environment.
  • Systems for the detection of explosives involving the irradiation of the object by neutrons are already known, employing various processes for emitting gamma photons by the interaction of neutrons with nuclei, for example, the capture of a neutron by a nucleus producing an isotope which is deexcited by the emission of characteristic capture gamma radiation. Such interaction essentially takes place with thermal neutrons.
  • US 5,114,662 teaching a system for detecting the presence of explosives, in particular, the concentration of nitrogen. Further known in the art are different active control methods to induce nuclear reactions in a fissile material.
  • US 4,897,550 describes an apparatus for determining the composition- o -fissil -isotopes -having- both--neutron.- ⁇ d.gamma_radiation_detection_means_ which are used for detecting delayed gamma radiation and delayed neutrons resulting from the induced fissions.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus providing detection of radioactive and fissile materials by spontaneous gamma rays and explosive materials by characterizing capture gamma radiation.
  • the invention uses thermal neutron activation (TNA) to immerse the object in a bath of thermal neutrons interacting with the atomic -nuele-i-Gausing--Gapture-gamma x ys--to ⁇ be-ernitted._If.nitr.ogen_or other prescribed elements are present, the gamma rays have unique energies.
  • the invention provides the detection of fissile materials by delayed gamma radiation and delayed neutrons. With delayed neutron detectors the inventive apparatus ensures the determination if neutron absorbing items have been used to conceal explosives or fissile materials, by monitoring a distortion of the thermal neutrons field in the examination chamber.
  • the present invention substitutes a neutron generator based on the deuterium-deuterium reaction for commonly used 252 Cf radioisotope sources so as to reduce shielding requirements within commercially acceptable limits, and to reduce the radiation hazard.
  • the fast neutron flux intensity from the d-d reaction is significantly lower than that for the 252 Cf radioisotope, the efficiency of a given moderator for thermalizing the 2.5 MeV neutrons is greater because of the lower energy level of the neutrons.
  • the invention provides a too-stage detection principle, namely a preliminary and main checking areas.
  • the preliminary area comprises gamma ray detectors, preferably inorganic NaI(Tl) detectors, generating a signal in response to capturing a spontaneous gamma ray emitted from a radioactive or fissile material within the object.
  • Said area is equipped with a semiconductor, preferably, germanium detector and analysis means coupled to the detector, which is able to analyze an isotopic composition of radioactive materials. Therefore, at the preliminary area one can detect the presence of radioactive or fissile materials, if unshielded, and further determine, by means of isotopic analysis, whether an attempt is made to carry an illegal fissile or radioactive material by masking it with a radioactive material for which transportation the permission has been granted.
  • the main checking area comprises the d-d neutron generator to produce a flux of 2.5 MeV neutrons for a predetermined period of time ranging from 10 to 100 seconds; an examination chamber located within a moderator which is substantially composed of polyethylene elements having engineering cavities filled with pure graphite.
  • an additional moderating material namely, pure graphite for filling the engineering cavities, thereby excluding background sources of gamma radiation resulting from the capture of thermal neutrons by nitrogen of the air contained in such cavities.
  • the main area further comprises two detector arrays.
  • a first array represents gamma ray detectors placed in the vicinity of the object for trapping gamma rays of particular energies induced as a result of capturing the thermal neutrons by an explosive material, and for trapping delayed gamma rays of the fissile material induced after the lapse of said predetermined period of time.
  • the gamma ray detectors are linked to a processing unit by means of high speed analog-digital converters.
  • the gamma rays detectors are inorganic scintillation detectors sized as a whole to substantially overlap the biggest dimension of the object so that each detector inspects only part of the object, thereby decreasing the probability of false alarms.
  • the first array comprises six NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors which are surrounded by neutron-absorbing means, preferably LiF element having a thickness of 20 mm, and are provided beneath with a lead layer having a thickness of approximately 20 mm to reduce prompt and capture radiation emitted by the environment or constructive components of the apparatus.
  • a second array represents neutron detectors for trapping delayed neutrons resulting from nuclear fission induced in the fissile material.
  • the presence of fissile materials can be detected either by gamma ray or neutron detectors, and the latter are also used for monitoring any changes in the thermal neutrons field within the examination chamber, the changes being indicative of the employment of neutron absorbing items deliberately placed within the object to conceal radioactive or fissile materials.
  • the neutron detectors are gas-filled instruments, preferably a boron fluoride or a helium isotope, and the second array may comprise four He 3 detectors.
  • the inventive apparatus is also provided with a separate monitoring neutron detector located remote from the object so as to ensure the stability of the neutron flux while avoiding any effect the object may produce on this detector.
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Fig ⁇ 2- shows-a-block-diagram-of-the-apparatus-according_to_fig._l
  • FIG. 1 shows the embodiment of the inventive apparatus for detecting explosives, fissile and radioactive materials presumably hidden in an object 4.
  • the object 4 such a piece of luggage, is placed in a container 3 movable between a preliminary checking area (AREA 1) and a main checking area (AREA 2).
  • the preliminary area comprises two scintillation Nal(Tl) detectors 11 and a semiconductor detector 10. Said detectors are disposed in a lead shielding 12 along the side walls of the container 3 being moved through the preliminary area, and under its bottom, respectively.
  • the main area comprises a biological shielding 5 with a neutron generator 7 based on the d-d reaction surrounded by a moderator made of polyethylene elements 6.
  • the moderator has engineering cavities 13 filled with pure graphite.
  • a separate neutron detector 8 is provided for monitoring the stability of the neutron flux.
  • Data collected from the semiconductor detector 10, each of the four He 3 detectors 2 and each of the eight scintillation Nal(Tl) detectors 1, 11 is sent to a processor storing a database of response spectra for various elements of interest, in order to determine whether the object being examined contains illegal materials.
  • the gamma rays and neutron detectors are connected to the processor through a fast acting analog-digital converters 16 and electronic converters 17 incorporated into a multi-channel unit 15 used for registration of radiometric and spectrometric signals. As shown on fig.
  • the processor operates the neutron generator 7 through a control block 18, and further operates the pulse analyzers 14 connected to each of the above detectors, while monitoring the location of the movable container.
  • the operation of pulse analyzers for the scintillation detectors is realized through serial port RS-485, and the semiconductor detector 10 is operated by means of Ethernet card.
  • To feed the scintillation and neutron detectors there are provided the same low voltage power source and separate high voltage power sources.
  • the location of the movable container is detected by means of a set of terminal switches 9 through a parallel port.
  • the neutron generator 7 is switched through serial port RS-232, and the container is driven by a motor operated by a three- position key 19. In the following the invention is illustrated by a working process described through a 5 series of consecutive operations.
  • the neutron generator is activated and the capture gamma rays spectrum is measured each 10 seconds for the total time of 100 seconds. As a result of said measurements, the presence or absence of explosives in the object is determined. 20 After the checking of explosives is completed, the neutron generator is switched off and delayed neutrons resulting from nuclear fission, as well as delayed gamma rays are measured by the helium detectors and scintillation detectors, respectively, in order to detect the fissile materials.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil destiné à détecter des matières explosives, fissiles et radioactives, et comprenant une zone de vérification préliminaire renfermant un ou plusieurs détecteurs de rayons gamma et d'un détecteur à semi-conducteur, une zone de vérification principale renfermant un générateur de neutrons basé sur la réaction deutérium-deutérium, un modérateur sensiblement constitué d'éléments de polyéthylène comportant des cavités techniques remplies de graphite pur, et deux réseaux de détecteurs. Un premier réseau comprend des détecteurs de rayons gamma destinés à piéger les rayons gamma d'énergies particulaires induites consécutivement à la capture des neutrons thermiques par la matière explosive, et à piéger les rayons gamma retardés de la matière fissile. Un second réseau comprend des détecteurs de neutrons destinés à piéger les neutrons retardés résultant de la fission nucléaire induite dans la matière fissile. L'appareil comprend en outre un détecteur de neutrons de surveillance séparé couplé à une unité de commande et assurant la stabilité du flux de neutrons.
PCT/RU2003/000324 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles Ceased WO2005008285A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2003/000324 WO2005008285A1 (fr) 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles
AU2003302156A AU2003302156A1 (en) 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Apparatus for detecting hidden radioactive, explosive and fissile materials

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2003/000324 WO2005008285A1 (fr) 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005008285A1 true WO2005008285A1 (fr) 2005-01-27

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/RU2003/000324 Ceased WO2005008285A1 (fr) 2003-07-22 2003-07-22 Appareil destine a detecter des matieres radioactives, explosives et fissiles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003302156A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005008285A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7573044B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2009-08-11 Bossdev, Inc. Remote detection of explosive substances
US8080808B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2011-12-20 BOSS Physical Sciences, LLC Remote detection of explosive substances
US8410451B2 (en) 2009-04-09 2013-04-02 Boss Physical Sciences Llc Neutron fluorescence with synchronized gamma detector
US8785864B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2014-07-22 Boss Physical Sciences Llc Organic-scintillator compton gamma ray telescope
JP2020101510A (ja) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-02 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 核分裂性核種の重量比の測定方法、測定装置、及び測定プログラム
CN114509803A (zh) * 2022-01-28 2022-05-17 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种基于固态锰池的中子出射率测量装置及测量方法
CN117939768A (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-04-26 中国原子能科学研究院 一种中子发生装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0336634A1 (fr) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-11 Cogent Limited Appareil de détection d'explosifs
RU2046324C1 (ru) * 1992-09-08 1995-10-20 Акционерное общество открытого типа "Научно-технический центр "РАТЭК" Устройство для обнаружения взрывчатых веществ в контролируемых предметах, преимущественно в авиабагаже
RU2067306C1 (ru) * 1993-10-11 1996-09-27 Экспериментальный научно-исследовательский и методологический центр "Моделирующие системы" Способ определения энергетического спектра гамма-излучения
RU2129289C1 (ru) * 1998-01-20 1999-04-20 Научно-производственный центр "Аспект" Устройство для обнаружения радиоактивных материалов
WO2002021112A2 (fr) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Methode de mesure d'un constituant renfermant de l'hydrogene dans un materiau par spectroscopie neutronique
WO2003040713A1 (fr) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 'scientific And Technical Center Ratec, Limited' Procede pour detecter un explosif sous un objet a examiner

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0336634A1 (fr) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-11 Cogent Limited Appareil de détection d'explosifs
RU2046324C1 (ru) * 1992-09-08 1995-10-20 Акционерное общество открытого типа "Научно-технический центр "РАТЭК" Устройство для обнаружения взрывчатых веществ в контролируемых предметах, преимущественно в авиабагаже
RU2067306C1 (ru) * 1993-10-11 1996-09-27 Экспериментальный научно-исследовательский и методологический центр "Моделирующие системы" Способ определения энергетического спектра гамма-излучения
RU2129289C1 (ru) * 1998-01-20 1999-04-20 Научно-производственный центр "Аспект" Устройство для обнаружения радиоактивных материалов
WO2002021112A2 (fr) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Methode de mesure d'un constituant renfermant de l'hydrogene dans un materiau par spectroscopie neutronique
WO2003040713A1 (fr) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-15 'scientific And Technical Center Ratec, Limited' Procede pour detecter un explosif sous un objet a examiner

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7573044B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2009-08-11 Bossdev, Inc. Remote detection of explosive substances
US8080808B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2011-12-20 BOSS Physical Sciences, LLC Remote detection of explosive substances
US8288734B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2012-10-16 Boss Physical Sciences Llc Remote detection of explosive substances
US8410451B2 (en) 2009-04-09 2013-04-02 Boss Physical Sciences Llc Neutron fluorescence with synchronized gamma detector
US8785864B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2014-07-22 Boss Physical Sciences Llc Organic-scintillator compton gamma ray telescope
JP2020101510A (ja) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-02 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 核分裂性核種の重量比の測定方法、測定装置、及び測定プログラム
CN114509803A (zh) * 2022-01-28 2022-05-17 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种基于固态锰池的中子出射率测量装置及测量方法
CN117939768A (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-04-26 中国原子能科学研究院 一种中子发生装置

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