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WO2005098811A1 - Control of electrochromic displays - Google Patents

Control of electrochromic displays Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005098811A1
WO2005098811A1 PCT/EP2004/053301 EP2004053301W WO2005098811A1 WO 2005098811 A1 WO2005098811 A1 WO 2005098811A1 EP 2004053301 W EP2004053301 W EP 2004053301W WO 2005098811 A1 WO2005098811 A1 WO 2005098811A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
pixels
electrochromic
pixel
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/053301
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marco Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2005098811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005098811A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
    • G09G2310/0251—Precharge or discharge of pixel before applying new pixel voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/061—Details of flat display driving waveforms for resetting or blanking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2011—Display of intermediate tones by amplitude modulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for pixel-specific deletion in a display device constructed from electrochromic pixels.
  • Such electrochromic pixels or cells are based on the chemical oxidation or reduction of electrochromic materials, which change color depending on the chemical state.
  • the oxidation or reduction can be controlled by a current flow through the cell, the electrochromic material being located between two electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a discoloration charge diagram of electrochromic cells or pixels for explanation.
  • the self-explanatory diagram shows a characteristic curve K for the dependence of a color F of the pixel on the stored one
  • Color combinations currently in use are yellow-blue, yellow-red or blue to white.
  • FIG. 2 A simplified electrical equivalent circuit diagram is given in FIG. 2.
  • the pixel is approximately described by two anti-parallel diodes with a downstream capacitor Cchem. On the unspecified diodes an activation voltage Uf drops, and a charging voltage across a capacitor Cchem.
  • the activation voltage Uf which is dependent on the materials used for an electrochromic cell and the chemical potentials, is shown in a current-voltage diagram.
  • a display or a display device can be constructed from a matrix arrangement of these electrochromic cells or pixels.
  • the drive voltage or drive time for a new image must take the current image information into account.
  • the control writes the difference between the content to be displayed and the content currently being displayed per pixel.
  • the decolorization or deletion of a pixel is done by charge deprivation.
  • a voltage opposite to the charge Q stored in the cell is applied.
  • the amount of charge Q stored in the pixel before decolorization must be known.
  • Crosstalk between the pixels, the temperature, the materials used and their aging have a dynamic influence on the amount of charge. Determining the amount of charge per pixel is very complex. Inaccuracies result in a long-term shift in the discoloration area per pixel (cell) and in inhomogeneities.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the problems described above.
  • FIG. 1 a discoloration charge diagram of an electrochromic pixel
  • FIG. 2 an equivalent circuit diagram of an electrochromic pixel
  • FIG. 3 the current-voltage characteristic of an electrochromic pixel
  • FIG. 4 the discharge curve of an electrochromic pixel according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 the discharge curve according to the invention of an over-erased electrochromic pixel
  • Figure 6 an inventive discharge curve with AC voltage.
  • a DC voltage Ue is used to erase the cells or the pixels, as shown in FIG. 4 with the aid of a discharge curve.
  • the value of the quenching voltage Ue is just below the activation voltage Uf (see FIGS. 2 and 3), which approximately compensates for the forward voltage of the diodes.
  • a pixel that is not loaded is not affected by this. H. there is no current.
  • the externally applied direct voltage or erasing voltage Ue is added to the internal chemical voltage Uchem, the activation voltage Uf is exceeded and a current flows to erase the pixel.
  • the effective discharge voltage is due to the
  • a low-frequency AC voltage can also be used for this polarity reversal process, as shown in FIG. 6 with the aid of a discharge curve with AC voltage. In this case, all pixels of a display can be erased with the same signal, regardless of their original charge status.
  • the polarity reversal of the quenching voltage or the alternating quenching voltage can be combined with a previous active quenching pulse.
  • the active erase pulse with a voltage greater than the activation voltage Uf causes a very fast, but imprecise, erase. After that, all discharged pixels can be erased for a longer period of time with the periodically reversed DC voltage Ue (with a value just below the activation voltage Uf). This can be tracked, for example, during subsequent refresh cycles.
  • the method according to the invention eliminates shading that occurs during the display of texts or other image contents by different residual charges of the individual pixels of the background.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for deletion for a display device constituted of electrochromic pixels. The inventive method is characterized in that a deletion voltage (Ue) having alternating polarity and a value just under the activation voltage (Uf) of the pixels is applied to the pixels.

Description

Be s ehr eibungMore information

Ansteuerung elektrochromer DisplaysControl of electrochromic displays

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum pixelindividuellen Löschen bei einer aus elektrochromen Pixeln aufgebauten Anzeigeeinrichtung.The invention relates to a method for pixel-specific deletion in a display device constructed from electrochromic pixels.

Solche elektrochrome Pixel beziehungsweise Zellen basieren auf der chemischen Oxidation beziehungsweise Reduktion von elektrochromen Materialien, die je nach chemischem Zustand ihre Farbe ändern. Die Oxidation beziehungsweise Reduktion kann durch einen Stromfluss durch die Zelle gesteuert werden, wobei sich das elektrochrome Material zwischen zwei Elektro- den befindet.Such electrochromic pixels or cells are based on the chemical oxidation or reduction of electrochromic materials, which change color depending on the chemical state. The oxidation or reduction can be controlled by a current flow through the cell, the electrochromic material being located between two electrodes.

In der Figur 1 ist zur Erläuterung ein Verfärbungs- Ladungsdiagramm elektrochromer Zellen oder Pixel dargestellt. Das selbsterklärende Diagramm zeigt eine Kenlinie K für die Abhängigkeit einer Farbe F des Pixels von der gespeichertenFIG. 1 shows a discoloration charge diagram of electrochromic cells or pixels for explanation. The self-explanatory diagram shows a characteristic curve K for the dependence of a color F of the pixel on the stored one

Ladung Q. Hierbei ist das elektrochrome Material zwischen ei- •;ι- ner Sichtelektrode SE und einer Rückelektrode RE angeordnet, wobei die Elektroden SE RE die von der Polarität der gespeicherten Ladung Q abhängige Farbe F aufweisen. Momentan ge- bräuchliche Far kombinationen sind gelb-blau, gelb-rot oder blau zu weiss .Charge Q. Here, the electrochromic material between egg •; ner arranged ι- view electrode SE and a back electrode RE, the electrodes SE RE having dependent on the polarity of the stored charge Q F color. Color combinations currently in use are yellow-blue, yellow-red or blue to white.

Diese Zellen sind metastabil d.h. der zuletzt erreichte Zustand wird über einen längeren Zeitraum beibehalten. Inner- halb des Ladungsbereiches einer Zelle ist nur ein bestimmter Bereich NB nutzbar, der durch die Nulllinie und einen Maximalwert Qmax für die Ladung Q bestimmt ist..These cells are metastable i.e. the last status reached is maintained over a longer period of time. Within the charge area of a cell, only a certain area NB can be used, which is determined by the zero line and a maximum value Qmax for the charge Q ..

Ein vereinfachtes elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild ist im Figur 2 angegeben. Dabei wird das Pixel näherungsweise durch zwei antiparallele Dioden mit einem nachgeschalteten Kondensator Cchem beschrieben. An den nicht näher bezeichneten Dioden fällt eine AktivierungsSpannung Uf ab, und an einem Kondensator Cchem eine LadeSpannung üchem.A simplified electrical equivalent circuit diagram is given in FIG. 2. The pixel is approximately described by two anti-parallel diodes with a downstream capacitor Cchem. On the unspecified diodes an activation voltage Uf drops, and a charging voltage across a capacitor Cchem.

In Figur 3 ist in einem Strom-Spannungs-Diagramm die von den verwendeten Materialien einer elektrochromen Zelle und den chemischen Potentialen üchem abhängige AktivierungsSpannung Uf dargestellt.In FIG. 3, the activation voltage Uf, which is dependent on the materials used for an electrochromic cell and the chemical potentials, is shown in a current-voltage diagram.

Aus einer Matrixanordnung dieser elektrochromen Zellen bezie- hungsweise Pixel kann ein Display beziehungsweise eine Anzeigeeinrichtung aufgebaut werden. Dabei muß die Ansteuerspannung oder Ansteuerungszeit für ein neues Bild die aktuelle Bildinformation berücksichtigen. Die Ansteuerung schreibt pro Pixel dabei die Differenz von anzuzeigendem Inhalt und gerade angezeigtem Inhalt.A display or a display device can be constructed from a matrix arrangement of these electrochromic cells or pixels. The drive voltage or drive time for a new image must take the current image information into account. The control writes the difference between the content to be displayed and the content currently being displayed per pixel.

Die Entfärbung beziehungsweise das Löschen eines Pixels geschieht durch Ladungsentzug. Dabei wird eine zur in der Zelle gespeicherten Ladung Q entgegengesetzte Spannung angelegt. Auch hierbei muss die vor dem Entfärben in dem Pixel gespeicherte Ladungsmenge Q bekannt sein. Ein Übersprechen zwischen den Pixeln, die Temperatur, die verwendeten Materialien und deren Alterung haben einen dynamischen Einfluss auf die Ladungsmenge. Die Bestimmung der Ladungsmenge pro Pixel ist sehr komplex. Ungenauigkeiten äußern sich in einem langfristigen Verschieben des Verfärbungsbereiches pro Pixel (Zelle) und in Inhomogenitäten.The decolorization or deletion of a pixel is done by charge deprivation. A voltage opposite to the charge Q stored in the cell is applied. Again, the amount of charge Q stored in the pixel before decolorization must be known. Crosstalk between the pixels, the temperature, the materials used and their aging have a dynamic influence on the amount of charge. Determining the amount of charge per pixel is very complex. Inaccuracies result in a long-term shift in the discoloration area per pixel (cell) and in inhomogeneities.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde die vorstehend be- schriebenen Probleme zu beseitigen.The object of the invention is to eliminate the problems described above.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features specified in patent claim 1.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren muss zumindest für denIn the method according to the invention, at least for the

Löschvorgang der Ladungszustand der einzelnen Bildpunkte beziehungsweise Bildpixel nicht mehr überwacht werden. Daraus resultieren eine geringere Rechenleistung und ein geringerer Speicherbedarf. Weiter findet keine Nullpunktdrift mehr statt.Deletion process, the charge state of the individual pixels or image pixels can no longer be monitored. from that the result is less computing power and less memory requirement. No further zero drift takes place.

Weiter können alle Pixel in einem Display gleichzeitig gelöscht werden.Furthermore, all pixels in a display can be deleted at the same time.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigen:The invention is described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show:

Figur 1: ein Verfärbungs-Ladungsdiagramm eines elektrochromen Pixels,FIG. 1: a discoloration charge diagram of an electrochromic pixel,

Figur 2: ein Ersatzschaltbild eines elektrochromen Pixels, Figur 3: die Strom-Spannungskennlinie eines elektrochromen Pixels,FIG. 2: an equivalent circuit diagram of an electrochromic pixel, FIG. 3: the current-voltage characteristic of an electrochromic pixel,

Figur 4 : die erfindungsgemäße Entladekurve eines elektrochromen Pixels,FIG. 4: the discharge curve of an electrochromic pixel according to the invention,

Figur 5: die erfindungsgemäße Entladekurve eines überlöschten elektrochromen Pixels, undFIG. 5: the discharge curve according to the invention of an over-erased electrochromic pixel, and

Figur 6: eine erfindungsgemäße Entladekurve mit Wechselspanr nung.Figure 6: an inventive discharge curve with AC voltage.

Erfindungsgemäß wird zum Löschen der Zellen beziehungsweise der Pixel, wie in Figur 4 anhand einer Entladekurve dargestellt, eine Gleichspannung Ue verwendet. Dabei liegt der Wert der Löschspannung Ue knapp unterhalb der Aktivierungsspannung Uf (siehe Figuren 2 und 3) wodurch näherungsweise die Flussspannung der Dioden kompensiert wird. Ein nicht ge- ladenes Pixel wird dadurch nicht beeinflusst, d. h. es fließt kein Strom. Bei einem geladenen Pixel addieren sich die extern angelegte Gleichspannung beziehungsweise Löschspannung Ue zur internen chemischen Spannung Uchem, die Aktivierungsspannung Uf wird überschritten und ein Strom zum Löschen des Pixels fließt. Die wirksame Entladespannung ist durch dieAccording to the invention, a DC voltage Ue is used to erase the cells or the pixels, as shown in FIG. 4 with the aid of a discharge curve. The value of the quenching voltage Ue is just below the activation voltage Uf (see FIGS. 2 and 3), which approximately compensates for the forward voltage of the diodes. A pixel that is not loaded is not affected by this. H. there is no current. In the case of a charged pixel, the externally applied direct voltage or erasing voltage Ue is added to the internal chemical voltage Uchem, the activation voltage Uf is exceeded and a current flows to erase the pixel. The effective discharge voltage is due to the

Spannungsbereich zwischen -Ue und -Ue+Uf gegeben. Dieser Bereich ist in der Figur schraffiert dargestellt. Weiter wird erfindungsgemäß die Löschspannung periodisch umgepolt, wie in Figur 5 anhand einer Entladekurve für überlöschte Pixel dargestellt. Hierdurch können auch sogenannte überlöschte Bildpixel in einen definierten, entladenen Zustand gebracht werden. Die Geschwindigkeit des Umpolens kann je nach Material unterschiedliche optimale Werte aufweisen. Auch hier ist die wirksame Entladespannung durch den Spannungsbereich zwischen -Ue und -Ue+Uf gegeben. Dieser Bereich ist in der Figur schraffiert dargestellt.Voltage range between -Ue and -Ue + Uf given. This area is shown hatched in the figure. Furthermore, the erase voltage is periodically reversed, as shown in FIG. 5 using a discharge curve for over-erased pixels. In this way, so-called over-erased image pixels can also be brought into a defined, unloaded state. The speed of the polarity reversal can have different optimal values depending on the material. Here, too, the effective discharge voltage is given by the voltage range between -Ue and -Ue + Uf. This area is shown hatched in the figure.

Für diesen Umpolungsvorgang kann auch eine niederfrequente Wechselspannung verwendet werden, wie in Figur 6 anhand einer Entladekurve mit Wechselspannung dargestellt. In diesem Fall kann man alle Pixel eines Displays mit demselben Signal löschen, unabhängig von deren ursprünglichen Ladungszustand.A low-frequency AC voltage can also be used for this polarity reversal process, as shown in FIG. 6 with the aid of a discharge curve with AC voltage. In this case, all pixels of a display can be erased with the same signal, regardless of their original charge status.

Bei einer Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann das Umpolen der Löschspannung beziehungsweise die Wechsel- Löschspannung mit einem vorhergehenden aktiven Löschimpuls kombiniert werden.In a development of the method according to the invention, the polarity reversal of the quenching voltage or the alternating quenching voltage can be combined with a previous active quenching pulse.

Der aktive Löschimpuls mit einer Spannung grösser als die Aktivierungsspannung Uf bewirkt ein sehr schnelles, aber unge- naues Löschen. Danach können alle entladenen Pixel über eine längere Zeitspanne mit der periodisch umgepolten Gleichspannung Ue (mit einem Wert knapp unterhalb der AktivierungsSpannung Uf) - weiter gelöscht werden. Dies kann beispielsweise während darauffolgender Refresh-Zyklen verfolgen.The active erase pulse with a voltage greater than the activation voltage Uf causes a very fast, but imprecise, erase. After that, all discharged pixels can be erased for a longer period of time with the periodically reversed DC voltage Ue (with a value just below the activation voltage Uf). This can be tracked, for example, during subsequent refresh cycles.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden während der Anzeige von Texten oder sonstigen Bildinhalten auftretende Schattierungen durch unterschiedliche Restladungen der einzelnen Pixel des Hintergrundes beseitigt. The method according to the invention eliminates shading that occurs during the display of texts or other image contents by different residual charges of the individual pixels of the background.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Verfahren zum Löschen bei einer aus elektrochromen Pixeln aufgebauten Anzeigeeinrichtung, bei dem eine Löschspannung (Ue) mit wechselnder Polarität und mit einem Wert knapp unterhalb der AktivierungsSpannung (Uf) der Pixel an diese angelegt wird.1. A method for erasing a display device constructed from electrochromic pixels, in which an erasing voltage (Ue) with alternating polarity and with a value just below the activation voltage (Uf) of the pixels is applied to it. 2. Verfahren gerrtäss Anspruch 1, bei dem diese polaritätswechselnde Löschspannung (Ue) mit einem vorhergehenden unipolaren Löschimpuls kombiniert wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which this polarity-changing quenching voltage (Ue) is combined with a previous unipolar quenching pulse.
PCT/EP2004/053301 2004-03-17 2004-12-07 Control of electrochromic displays Ceased WO2005098811A1 (en)

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EP04006434 2004-03-17

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