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WO2005055233A1 - Procede, dispositif et support d'enregistrement destines a la gestion de defauts avec optimisation de puissance - Google Patents

Procede, dispositif et support d'enregistrement destines a la gestion de defauts avec optimisation de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005055233A1
WO2005055233A1 PCT/IB2004/052548 IB2004052548W WO2005055233A1 WO 2005055233 A1 WO2005055233 A1 WO 2005055233A1 IB 2004052548 W IB2004052548 W IB 2004052548W WO 2005055233 A1 WO2005055233 A1 WO 2005055233A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fragment
spare area
record carrier
defect
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2004/052548
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wilhelmus F. J. Fontijn
Declan P. Kelly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of WO2005055233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005055233A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B2020/10916—Seeking data on the record carrier for preparing an access to a specific address
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B2020/10935—Digital recording or reproducing wherein a time constraint must be met
    • G11B2020/10944—Real-time recording or reproducing, e.g. for ensuring seamless playback of AV data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
    • G11B2020/1893—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas using linear replacement to relocate data from a defective block to a non-contiguous spare area, e.g. with a secondary defect list [SDL]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
    • G11B2020/1896—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas using skip or slip replacement to relocate data from a defective block to the next usable block, e.g. with a primary defect list [PDL]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
    • G11B2220/2591—SFFO discs, i.e. small form factor optical discs; Portable blue

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a record carrier, drive device and method of reading from or writing to the record carrier, such as an optical disc.
  • the invention relates to an improved defect management scheme.
  • Defect management is a major aspect of current storage solutions. Some hosts, e.g. a PC running Windows, require that certain storage devices expose a defect-free address space over the interface, even if the medium used is in fact not free of defects. The most common solution to this problem is that if a defect is detected, the storage device re-maps the , logical address of that location to another physical location. In case of an optical disc this other physical location can be located inside the lead-in area. The area which is reserved for alternative physical addresses is called the spare area.
  • the re-mapping interferes with the real-time aspects of the file that is stored. This might be the case, for instance, if during the streaming of a real-time file suddenly a block needs to be fetched from a physically distant location on the medium, because the sector it is in is re-mapped due to a defect in the original sector. A way of dealing with this problem is called slipping. Slipping is often used in the following way. After initialization and verification, a primary defect list is generated. Now, the mapping of the logical addresses on the physical addresses is adjusted, the defective locations are skipped and the addresses slip into the spare area. This works well for real-time applications, provided no new defects appear. Once the disc is actually used, the mapping of addresses is fixed.
  • a recording medium having spare areas for defect management is known from document EP0997905.
  • This document describes use of a plurality of spare areas including a spare area for slipping replacement and a spare area for linear replacement.
  • the applicant has recently developed a miniature optical disc that records, plays back and erases data using precision blue lasers as being developed for the next generation of high-definition disc based video recorders.
  • a system of the miniature optical disc is known as SFFO (Small Form Factor Optical) or Portable Blue (PB) and shows that it is possible to store 4 Gigabytes on a 3 -cm-disc, and to make a corresponding drive device as small as a memory card.
  • SFFO Small Form Factor Optical
  • PB Portable Blue
  • SFFO new defects are bound to appear during the lifetime of the disc.
  • a way of dealing with this is to let the host allow the application to turn off the defect re-mapping leaving the application in control of handling the defects, for instance, by skipping sectors that are defective and writing the data intended for the defective sector in the next sector.
  • the latter is a sort of 'real-time slipping'.
  • Removable optical disc systems like SFFO systems, impose a new limitation on optical storage.
  • the disadvantage of the existing defect management schemes lies in the fact that they ignore the issue of power consumption. While for the SFFO system reducing the power consumption is crucial as it will often operate in a mobile environment, disconnected from main power.
  • This object is achieved by a record carrier as claimed in claim 1, a writing method as claimed in claim 10, a reading method as claimed in claim 12, and a drive device as claimed in claim 13.
  • a new form of defect management is provided with an optimized location for the spare area's and a power-optimized retrieval of re-mapped sectors.
  • the reading element e.g. laser, can be shut down after the fragment has been read to save power.
  • the defect management can be implemented by the drive, i.e.
  • the spare area may only be read if needed.
  • the program area may comprise a further fragment comprising a further spare area located at a boundary of said further fragment, the fragment and the further fragment are located adjacent to each other and said spare area of said fragment is located adjacent to said further spare area of said further fragment.
  • the spare area and the further spare area may be combined to a combined spare area for re-mapping defect blocks of both said fragment and said further fragment.
  • one spare area can be allocated to a pair of two fragments, so as to minimize the total number of spare areas. This leads to a reduced number of sparing areas, as one area can be used by two neighboring fragments.
  • a reserved spare area may be provided, said reserved spare area being located adjacent to the program area.
  • the blocks in the fragments may be addressed by a logical address, wherein each block comprises a unique address.
  • the physical fragment is bigger than the logical fragment, due to the logically non-addressable spare area.
  • a defect management table may be provided on the record carrier, said table comprising the unique logical address of the defect block and comprising a link to the physical sector associated with the defect block. Based on the information derived from the defect management table, it is known whether the next fragment to be read contains a remapped data, so that re-mapped data can be read in the same sweep. Further advantageous modifications are defined in the dependent claims.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a removable drive device with a standard interface and input function according to preferred embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic representation of an information area of a record carrier with a program area
  • Fig. 2b shows a schematic representation of a part of a program area according to a first preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2c shows another schematic representation of a part of a program area according to a second preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2d shows another schematic representation of a part of a program area according to a sthird preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a removable drive device with a standard interface and input function according to preferred embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 2a shows a schematic representation of an information area of a record carrier with a program area
  • Fig. 2b shows a schematic representation of a part of a program area according to a first preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2c shows another schematic representation of a part of a program area according to
  • FIG. 3 a shows a schematic representation of a part of an information area according to an example of the third preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 3b shows a schematic representation of a part of an information area according to another example of the third preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for writing data on the record carrier
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for reading data from the record carrier.
  • a removable PB drive device which may expose a standard interface to legacy hosts such as a digital camera, a PDA or the like.
  • legacy is used to indicate those formats, applications, data or devices, which have been inherited from languages, platforms, and techniques earlier than the current technology.
  • the legacy devices may not be well equipped to handle defects themselves. They may assume a defect free solid state memory.
  • Fig. 1 shows a removable drive device 30 adapted e.g. to fit the Compact Flash form factor. Hence, the drive device 30 can be used to replace solid state memories.
  • a standard interface unit 20 with corresponding connection terminals 32 is provided.
  • the interface unit 20 may be arranged to map from an internal file systems used on an internal disc 10 to an external file system used for accessing the drive device 30 when writing to the disc 10 of the removable drive device 30, and to map from the internal file system to the external file system when reading from the disc 10.
  • the PB logical format offers the opportunity to distribute the spare area over the disc.
  • the read/write cycle of the PB system is based on fragments, to reduce power consumption.
  • a fragment is a group of contiguous ECC (Error Correction Code) blocks that are read/written in one go or one sweep.
  • ECC Error Correction Code
  • the laser used in the optical unit of the drive device 30 can be shut down after the fragment is read to save power.
  • the point is to have units that can be read in one sweep.
  • the application is running out of data in the buffer, another fragment is read. It should be clear that defect management is still performed by the drive device 30.
  • the running applications just read the fragment and the drive device 30 will read the spare area if necessary.
  • the storage or drive device 30 remains a bit engine with a well-defined interface between it and the host.
  • the spare area cannot be accessed, e.g. addressed, through the interface unit 20.
  • a defect managing functionality or unit 22 is provided in the interface unit 20, which is adapted to use the first and/or last set of sectors or ECC blocks of a fragment as a spare area for the user data in the fragment. This enables a power-optimized defect management scheme offering excellent real-time characteristics. If during writing to a particular fragment the defect managing unit 22 detects a defect block, it will control the interface unit 20 to preferentially re-map that block to a block in the reserved area at the beginning or end of the fragment. During normal operation, data is read a fragment at a time.
  • the next fragment to be read contains one or more re-mapped blocks in the spare area of the fragment, then these remapped blocks are read in the same sweep, causing almost no additional or minimal power usage or loss of time.
  • the spare area is not read, if the fragment being read does not include re-mapped blocks, which ensures that the scheme does not impose additional overhead. This is based on the insight that the novel way the PB system administrates the use of the physical address space enables a new form of defect management, with an optimized location for the spare area's and a power optimized retrieval of re-mapped sectors.
  • a drawback of traditional systems having many relatively small spare areas is that even if no defects occur, jumps are needed to jump over the spare area after each fragment. This does not hold for the proposed system.
  • the application will switch on the drive device 30, read a fragment and then shut off the drive device 30 for some time. It is not expected to read a sequence of fragments at a time, so that no extra jumping occurs.
  • the spare area in the fragment read there will be no additional seek overhead, which reduces power consumption.
  • the defect management can be implemented by the drive, i.e. the application need not be aware of re-mapping, while real-time guarantees can be met.
  • the spare area may only be read if needed.
  • PB PB systems
  • the fragments are session or partition components used by the layers between the file system and the bit engine to manage the physical space. Not all fragments are in the logical space nor are all physical sectors that are part of a particular fragment. If the file system would take over the defect management the same distribution of spare areas is possible and optimal. So most of the proposed still holds.
  • the defect management is performed by the drive device 30, e.g. by the defect managing means 22.
  • Figs. 2a to 2d show schematic representations an information area provided on the disc 10 and of allocations of spare areas.
  • Fig. 2a represents the information area IA of the PB disc 10, consisting of a
  • the spare area SA is formed by the last ECC blocks of each fragment which consists of a plurality of ECC blocks and may have a size of for example approximately 5MB.
  • the spare area SA is formed by the last ECC blocks of each fragment which consists of a plurality of ECC blocks and may have a size of for example approximately 5MB.
  • a spare area SA is provided consisting of the last blocks of the first fragment and the first blocks of the last fragment.
  • the configuration of the third preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 2d is advantageous in that it minimises the number of spare areas SA.
  • the last blocks of fragment Fn and the first blocks of fragment Fn+1 form a common spare area SA, while in between fragment Fn+1 and Fn+2 no spare area is provided. It means, sets or pairs of two fragments share a spare area SA at the edge they share. For example, with a 1024 MB disc, 5 MB fragments and a reservation of 5% for defect remapping, 100 spare areas S A of 16 ECC blocks each would be required.
  • Figs. 3a and 3b show schematic representations of two options or examples for the first spare area SA1 in the third preferred embodiment where the spare areas SA2 to
  • Fig. 3a depicts a situation where extra space is reserved in the first spare area SA1 for defect re-mapping apart from the space reserved in user data fragments.
  • Fig. 3b depicts a situation if this is not the case, i.e. no extra space is provided.
  • the proposed defect management scheme requires a special mode of operation, which is described next based on the first option of the third preferred embodiment as shown in Fig. 3 a.
  • DM defect management area
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for writing data on the disc 10.
  • step 101 a next fragment is started to be written. If during writing of the particular fragment the system detects a defective block in step 102, the system will re-map that block. It is then checked in step 103, whether the associated spare area of the present fragment is already filled or not. If not, the block is re-mapped to a block in the spare area which is shared with an adjacent fragment with which the present fragment forms a pair (step 105). This will be either at the beginning or end of the fragment.
  • step 104 If it is detected in step 103 that there is no room left in the associated spare area inside the same fragment, it is checked in step 104 whether any space is left available in the spare area of an adjoining fragment of the same fragment pair. If so, re-mapping is performed to this adjacent spare area in the adjacent fragment (step 107). If this adjacent spare area is full also, an auxiliary re-mapping procedure is initiated in step 106, where it can be chosen between a real-time optimized re-mapping solution of using the nearest spare area with room or a long term power optimized solution of using the excess space in the first spare area SA1. The former minimizes the seek time, while the latter preserves space for future re- mappings within the same fragment. In step 108, the present fragment is written in one sweep.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for reading data from the disc 10.
  • the defect management table is read in step 201. If it is determined in step 202 from the defect management table that the next fragment to be read contains one or more re-mapped blocks and if it is then determined in step 203 that the re-mapped block(s) is(are) located in the spare area of the same or paired fragment, then the re-mapped data is read together with the user data of the fragment in the same sweep (step 204).
  • step 203 If it is determined in step 203 that the re- mapped block is located elsewhere, i.e. not in the same fragment, a seek has to be preformed in step 205 to retrieve the re-mapped block. Then, in step 206, the fragment is read without its associated spare area. Finally, it is checked in step 207, whether a new fragment is to be read. If so, the procedure jumps back to step 201. Otherwise, the reading procedure comes to an end.
  • a scheme is proposed for defect management for an optical record carrier, for instance an SFFO or PB disc, in a mobile environment.
  • the record carrier comprises fragments of data, each fragment comprising one or more blocks. As examples, a fragment may have a size of approximately 2 MB, 5 MB, or 10 MB.
  • Its maximum size is determined by the expected minimum size of the internal buffers of the drive. It will be read and written in one sweep by the apparatus. Spare areas are present on the disc for re-mapping defect blocks to a spare area. These spare areas are located in the fringes or borders of the fragments. The result is fully optimized to reduce power consumption without compromising the defect management. Associating a spare area with a fragment has the advantage that there will be no additional seek overhead, which will save power. Defect management can be implemented by the drive, so the application is unaware of the re-mapping. Real-time guarantees can be met, because reading a re-mapped block will not cause jumping in the program area of the disc. The spare area may only be read when needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de gestion de défauts pour un support d'enregistrement optique, par exemple un disque optique à faible facteur de forme (SFFO), dans un environnement mobile. Le support d'enregistrement comporte des fragments de données, dont chacun (Fn à Fn+2) comporte un ou plusieurs blocs. Un fragment présente une taille d'environ 5 MB et sera lu et écrit en un seul passage de l'appareil. Des zones de réserve sont présentes sur le disque pour le remappage de blocs défectueux vers une zone de réserve. Les zones de réserve sont situées aux bords des fragments. Le système obtenu réduit la consommation de puissance de manière optimale sans compromettre la gestion des défauts. L'association d'une zone de réserve avec un fragment présente l'avantage de ne pas impliquer une surcharge de recherche, ce qui permet d'économiser la puissance. La gestion de défauts peut être appliquée par le dispositif de lecture, de sorte que l'application n'est pas consciente du remappage. Les fonctions en temps réel sont assurées, dans la mesure où la lecture d'un bloc remappé n'entraînera pas de saut dans la zone de programme du disque. La zone de réserve peut être lue uniquement en cas de besoin.
PCT/IB2004/052548 2003-12-01 2004-11-25 Procede, dispositif et support d'enregistrement destines a la gestion de defauts avec optimisation de puissance Ceased WO2005055233A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03104464 2003-12-01
EP03104464.7 2003-12-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005055233A1 true WO2005055233A1 (fr) 2005-06-16

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Citations (7)

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EP1018734A1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 2000-07-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Méthode d'enregistrement/reproduction pour enregistrer/reproduire des données audiovisuelles sur/d' un disque, enregistreur et reproducteur pour cette méthode, disque d'enregistrement de l'information et système de traitement de l'information
EP1024490A1 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Méthode d'enregistrement et méthode de reproduction de données audio-visuelles, appareil d'enregistrement et de reproduction, système d'enregistrement de l'information et système de reproduction de l'information, et support d'enregistrement de l'information pour ces méthodes
EP1026681A1 (fr) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement de l'information, méthode d'enregistrement de l'information et système d'enregistrement/reproduction
EP1150293A1 (fr) * 1998-05-01 2001-10-31 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement pour enregistrer et reproduire des informations en temps réel, méthode et appareil pour enregistrer et reproduire en temps réel ainsi que méthode d'utilisation de ficher pour cet usage
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EP1298659A1 (fr) * 1998-04-20 2003-04-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement pour stocker de l'information sur la gestion des défauts pour enregistrer des données temps réel, méthode de gestion de défauts associée, et méthode d'enregistrement de données temps réel

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EP0997905A2 (fr) * 1998-10-10 2000-05-03 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co. Ltd. Support d'enregistrement ayant une aire de réserve pour la gestion des défectuosités et méthode d'allocation des aires de réserve
EP1024490A1 (fr) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Méthode d'enregistrement et méthode de reproduction de données audio-visuelles, appareil d'enregistrement et de reproduction, système d'enregistrement de l'information et système de reproduction de l'information, et support d'enregistrement de l'information pour ces méthodes
EP1026681A1 (fr) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Support d'enregistrement de l'information, méthode d'enregistrement de l'information et système d'enregistrement/reproduction

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