WO2004112052A1 - Method for producing radiation protection articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to ionising radiation protection. The inventive method for producing radiation protection articles consists in forming an article consisting of a matrix and filler. The filler is embodied in the form of a multi-component dispersed mixture containing ultra-dispersed particles whose average size is equal to or less than 0.1 mkm, a specific surface ranges from 0.3 to 2000 m2/g and the quantity is equal to or less than 1.5 % of the bulk weight of said mixture. Prior to forming, the mass of said dispersed mixture, by means of which the article absorbs an abnormal radiation, is determined. After drying, said article is placed in a solution containing from 4 to 12 % of the initial dispersed mixture. Said solution is exposed to the action of process parameters during saturation. Said method makes it possible to obtain an article exhibiting high radiation protection characteristics.

Description

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRODUCTS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION RADIATION.

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of protection against ionizing radiation, in particular to technologies for the manufacture of radiation protective products of the desired shape, and can be used in various fields to create radiation protection systems.

State of the art

The most effective protection against ionizing radiation is carried out by materials, which include elements with a large atomic number, that is, heavy elements.

The main disadvantages of existing materials include the large weight and bulkiness of the protection objects made from these materials, as well as the significant costs of their manufacture.

Therefore, the main task in creating compact protection is to achieve a simultaneous reduction in the mass and thickness of the materials developed for this. However, the creation of effective protection by reducing the thickness of the material leads to an increase in the content of metal-containing fillers. And the preservation of effective protection while reducing the mass of the filler in the material entails the need to increase the thickness of the protection, which accordingly leads to an increase in the weight of the objects of protection. This is the main contradiction when creating composite materials that provide effective and compact protection against ionizing radiation, since it is almost impossible to achieve a simultaneous decrease in the thickness and weight of the protective material for well-known materials developed on the basis of metal-containing radiation-absorbing fillers.

Therefore, this contradiction is solved by a compromise approach to the choice of thickness and mass of the protective material, taking into account its cost. The thickness of the layer of radiation-protective composite material depends on the required conditions for ensuring radiation protection and is determined when designing work to create protection.

Currently, there are two main technological areas for enhancing the absorbing properties of materials based on the use of radiation-absorbing fillers. The first direction is carried out by introducing a radiation-absorbing filler into the composition of the material during its manufacture, and the second by applying a radiation-absorbing filler to the surface of the starting material, which does not have a high absorption coefficient. Moreover, the enhancement of the radiation-absorbing characteristics of the material is determined by the dispersion, the composition of the filler and depends on the conditions of its interaction with the components of the material.

A known method for producing composite materials, (a. From. USSR JN ° 631501, IPC C04B 41/46, publ. 11/05/78), including the impregnation of products at room temperature or by heating a carbon substance with a solvent, at atmospheric pressure, subsequent saturation matrix-forming substance, placing it on the common border of the porous preform and solvent in a closed volume.

The main and most time-consuming operation in creating composite materials is the saturation of a porous body containing a large proportion of small and dead-end pores due to the need to remove gases in the pores. For this purpose, either preliminary evacuation of saturated preforms is carried out, or air is displaced by application of increased pressure. Even with a low viscosity and good wetting ability of the binder, spontaneous displacement by it of gases trapped in the pores is problematic, especially if slip agents or suspensions are used as the saturated substance. This process involves the use of complex and energy-intensive equipment. The closest in technical essence is a method of manufacturing ceramic building products, for example bricks by means of a composite combination of a filler and a matrix (Cl. RF N ° 2131859, IPC ⁶ C04B40 / 00, publ. 06/20/99), including molding the product, preparing the mortar and feeding it into the pores of the molded product, where they create conditions for saturating it until the required physical and mechanical properties are provided. To do this, prepare a matrix solution in the form of a binder and create conditions for its isolation from the solution and saturation of the product with it. The disadvantage of this method is that the product is prepared from a binder and filler and saturate the product with a binder solution without creating colloidal systems. Thus, the product is hardened to the required physicochemical properties. The known method does not provide the manufacture of products that provide reliable protection against radiation.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a method in which you can get the product to protect against a given level of radiation by forming dispersion media inside and outside the product by creating conditions for the penetration of these media into each other, ensuring the achievement of a thickness that maximally absorbs radiation. The problem is solved in that the method of manufacturing radiation-protective products by a composite combination of filler and matrix, including molding the product and preparing a solution for feeding it into the pores of the formed product, where conditions are created for saturation, according to the invention, the filler is preliminarily prepared in the form of a multicomponent dispersed mixture comprising ultrafine particles of an average size of 0.1 microns, a specific surface area of 0.3 m ² / g to 2000 m ² / g and in an amount up to about 1.5% by volume of the masses mixture, determine the mass of the mixture, wherein the selected combination matri- This leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation, 4 - 12% of this mixture is used to prepare a solution, and from the remaining part of the mixture and matrix a product is formed, which, after drying, is placed in the prepared solution and saturated until the desired physicomechanical properties are obtained, while saturation time on the solution is affected by technological parameters.

To determine the mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation of a given thickness of the product, which acquires an operating state under normal conditions, the reference material is preliminarily formed in a cylindrical container through which radiation of a given energy is passed, the value of the diffraction maximum of radiation transmission is recorded, and it determines the mass of the mixture.

To determine the volumetric mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation by a given thickness of the product, which acquires a working state under conditions different from normal (during heat treatment, during pressure treatment), the previously obtained reference material is physically processed, passed through it radiation of the same energy and fix the value of the diffraction maximum of radiation absorption for it, determine the cross-correlation coefficient of the radiation distribution, and then determine the mass of the mixture for a given product according to the formula: m = N - K / n, where: t is the mass of the mixture; N is the value of the mass content of the mixture from the mass of the product;

K is the cross-correlation coefficient of the radiation distribution, equal to the ratio of the mass attenuation coefficient of radiation for a material acquiring an operating state under normal conditions to the mass attenuation coefficient for a material processed physically (μ _HO pm / μb); p - the value of the multiplicity of the mixture.

The matrix used is ceramics, silicate, natural and synthetic rubbers, synthetic plastic materials. As components for the preparation of the mixture using basalt, gypsum, silicate, rocks.

At least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, bismuth, zirconium, iron, tin, lithium, barium, as well as intermetallic compounds, oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, hydrides and a mixture of nonmetallic particles are used as ultrafine particles. components.

As a solution, water, emulsions, latexes, suspensions, suspensions, sols and gels are used. Products are formed by semi-dry pressing at specific pressure

15-25 MPa.

The product is fired at a temperature of approximately 1000 ⁰ C.

The filler includes particles whose sizes fluctuate within the same limits as the pore sizes in porous bodies. During adsorption using porous and dispersed particles, a large number of atoms on their surface play a huge role. This phenomenon occurs due to the formation of colloidal media and is used in the technology of manufacturing radiation protective products and occurs by combining a matrix and a dispersed filler made in the form of a multicomponent mixture including particles of a certain size and quantity.

A certain radiation background corresponds to a certain thickness of protection. Determining the mass of a dispersed filler for a thickness abnormally absorbing radiation will make it possible to prepare a certain composition of a multicomponent mixture, which under certain conditions will create a dispersive colloidal medium without the use of “heavy metals”. Selection of the composition of the filler by combining several components allows to increase the effectiveness of protection against a given level of radiation with a reduced thickness without the use of metal elements or with their use in the total composition of the mixture, but not exceeding 1.5% by weight of the filler. The concentration of ultrafine particles (UFD) with an average size of 0.1 μm, a specific surface area of 0.3 m / g to 2000 m / g is selected experimentally and depends on the specified thickness of the material and the conditions for maintaining radiation absorbing characteristics. When the concentration of UDC in the solution is above 1.5%, the adhesion of particles on the surface of the product decreases. The combination of a matrix with a filler, including a certain particle size and composed of several components, makes it possible to obtain a disperse system and use surface phenomena arising at the phase boundary that provide anomalous absorption of radiation.

The fact that two main technological directions of imparting radiation-absorbing properties to materials are used for introducing filler into the matrix, it is possible to control the formation of dispersed systems and boundary layers by regulating intermolecular interactions at the interfaces of dispersed phases. The first direction is carried out by introducing a portion of the radiation-absorbing filler into the matrix and manufacturing the product, and the second by saturating the surface of the product with a solution containing the rest of the absorbing filler. The division into two parts of the filler will combine the two directions of the process for the manufacture of one product. The first part of the filler allows you to create a dispersion medium inside the product, and the second part is involved in the formation of an adsorption medium on its surface. The main part of the mixture is mixed with the matrix, as a result of which, after molding, products are obtained in which, in the immediate vicinity of the surface, an “adsorption field” is created that exerts a universal attraction effect. By introducing UDM with an average size of 0.1 μm and a specific surface area of 0.3 m ² / g to 2000 m ² / g and the formation of a dispersion medium inside the product, conditions are created for the formation of pores, the sizes of which will correspond to the sizes of particles in solution prepared for feeding it into the pores of the formed product. The molecule is most durable when it is adsorbed in a pore having the same diameter as the molecule itself.

The fact that the surface area of the obtained pores and particles varies in the same range allows you to control the properties depending on the size and field of operation of a particular product.

As a result of the fact that 4-12% of the mixture is used to prepare a solution that contains not more than 1.5% UDM, an article with the desired radiation-protective properties is obtained by first precipitation this amount of UDM in the pores of the product with the formation of a uniform surface layer throughout the volume of the product. The absorption of particles in the solution is based on unequal diffusion rates of these particles through the permeable surface of the product. The uniformity of particle transfer in the solution is achieved due to diffusion, which occurs in the opposite direction.

The solution washes the outer surface of the product and due to exposure to technological parameters, the pores are saturated until the product is obtained with the required radiation-protective properties corresponding to the given volumetric and physicochemical parameters.

UDM are an anchor that firmly holds a colloidal medium in the form of ensembles of particles of various sizes. As a result, the pores form sections in the form of spiral sections, which becomes hydrophobic. The specific interaction between the individual UDCs leads to the formation of their ensembles, which are surrounded by dispersed phases of a certain type due to the accumulation of dispersed particles where the UDCs remain in the liquid crystal state. Therefore, the dynamic properties of pore formation are due to the fluidity of the solution. UDM particles have rather high mobility and can perform various movements: translational, rotational, oscillatory. When exposed to technological parameters, the mobility of the UDC gives intramolecular movements to the hydrocarbon chains and allows you to selectively extract the UDC from the initial aqueous solution and first introduce a higher concentration of the mixture into the product, that is, control the formation of a monolithic structure. On the basis of this, articles are obtained consisting of a porous composition onto which a solution with a dispersion medium is applied. Particles of the dispersion medium form a layer on the surface of the product in dynamic equilibrium with particles dispersed in the product and which provide separation selectivity. The reason for this phenomenon is that in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the solid, an “adsorption field” forms, giving the universal effect of attraction. There comes a time when micropores are filled with adsorbable liquid, and the rest of the solid surface forms a continuous monomolecular layer over the entire surface. If technological parameters are applied to the solution, the stage begins when some pores are completely filled, others are partially filled, and still others are still large, only lined with a layer of the same thickness as the outer surface. With further exposure, all pores are filled even the widest. Each value of the effect on the adsorbed solution corresponds to a single value of the liquid pore size. A layer is formed on the surface of the product, which provides dispersion of gamma and neutron radiation, and the inner layer provides absorption, which will expand the scope of the method for the manufacture of products for protection in a wide range of radiation.

To determine the effect of the formed surface layer on the absorbing and scattering properties of the obtained product, tests were carried out. The results obtained confirmed that the surface promotes absorption of radiation and reduces the yield of scattered radiation.

The emergence of the possibility of the formation of interpenetration of internal and external dispersion media with the formation of a monolithic structure allows one to obtain products for protection from a given level of radiation and at the same time to set indicators of physical and mechanical properties within one batch of products, and then allows to create protective systems with programmable voltage limits for static and dynamic loads, increased strength and, accordingly, durability. The proposed method is implemented as follows.

To create a product that acquires a working state under normal conditions, it is first necessary to select the matrix and composition of the dispersed filler according to the given parameters of the material (for example, for a brick or rubber product) and its operating conditions.

To determine the mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation by a given thickness of the product, for example, from rubber, brick, a reference material of a given composition is preliminarily formed in a cylindrical container, through which transmit radiation of a given energy, fix the value of the diffraction maximum of the transmission of radiation, which corresponds to the thickness of the material abnormally absorbing radiation and then determine the mass of the dispersed mixture for this material thickness by the formulas:

M = K m, H _pogl = KH _prox , where: K = In (f _prox / f _prol ) - 1;

M is the mass of the mixture in the material with the given parameters (g); K is the coefficient of the ratio of the mass of the dispersed mixture in the material to the mass of the mixture in the reference material; m is the mass of the mixture in the reference material (g); f _proh is the coefficient of the value of the diffraction maximum of the transmission of radiation in the reference material; f _floor is the maximum absorption coefficient for a given material thickness;

H _P ogl - material thickness at a given f _POGL l (cm); H _p0 χ is the height of the layer of the reference material at the value of the diffraction maximum of the radiation transmission (cm).

The mass of the filler is determined by the tested method (Ap-temyev V. A., Krikun Yu. A., Ryabovol A. A., Tkachenko V. I., Yupenkov V. A., “Particularities of the interaction of X-ray radiation with media containing ultrafine particles ". Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Scientific discoveries. Collection of brief descriptions of scientific discoveries - 1998, Moscow). To do this, use a cuvette made in the form of a cylinder of aluminum alloy D-16 (inner diameter 3.2 cm). The cylinder is mounted in a concentrated beam of gamma rays. To determine the volumetric mass of the mixture for the manufacture of a product acquiring an operating condition under conditions other than normal (during heat treatment, during pressure treatment), for example, a brick, the reference material is preliminarily formed in a cylindrical container through which radiation of a given energy is passed, the value of the diffraction maximum radiation transmission. Then, the obtained reference material is physically processed, radiation of the same energy is passed through it, and the diffraction tional radiation absorption maximum for it, determine the cross-correlation coefficient of the distribution of radiation, and then determine the mass of the mixture for a given product by the formula: m = N - K / n, where: t is the mass of the mixture;

N is the value of the ratio of the mass content of the mixture to the mass of the product; K is the coefficient of cross-correlation of the distribution of radiation equal to the ratio of the mass attenuation coefficient of radiation for a material acquiring an operating state under normal conditions to the mass attenuation coefficient for a physically processed material (μ _H opm / μbump); p - the value of the multiplicity of the mixture.

First, the filler is introduced into the sample by weight with a maximum specified absorption value. After that, the amount of filler in each application is reduced. The multiplicity of the filler is recorded. After each addition of the filler mixture and mixing, a reference material is obtained. After each introduction of the filler, the reference material is illuminated and the corresponding values of the coefficient of mass absorption of radiation are recorded. The proposed method allows to reduce the complexity of determining the mass of the mixture, as a certain thickness of the material corresponds to a certain peak value that ensures maximum absorption of radiation, these values are only in the claimed range of ratios. Thus, the optimal mass of the dispersed mixture is determined, which provides an abnormal absorption of radiation for the product acquiring a working state under normal conditions.

Obtaining the cross-correlation coefficient of the radiation distribution allows you to increase the reliability of determining the mass of the filler in the material with its adjustment taking into account all the effects (for example, heat, pressure, etc.) of the physically processed material, and based on the value obtained, accurately determine the percentage and the ratio of components in the composition of the material of a given thickness, ensuring the absorption of radiation with an anomalous effect. Description of Embodiments

Example 1

The technology for the manufacture of products, such as ceramic bricks, must meet the mandatory requirements of the standard and be made according to the technological regulations approved in the established order, with differentiated requirements for the production process for each type of product that has a certain shape, size and appearance. To obtain radiation-protective bricks, a filler is preliminarily prepared in the form of a powder, including UDM with an average size of 0.1 μm, specific surface area in the range from 0.3 m / g to 2000 m ² / g and in an amount of up to 1.5% in the total volume filler.

For example, tungsten powder is used. First, a bulk mass is determined which provides an abnormal absorption of radiation. A tungsten powder with a mass of m = 346 g is introduced into the cylinder of the cuvette and a liquid is added successively. The specific bulk density of the tungsten mass is 5.4 g / cm ³ and the liquid is 1.1 g / cm ³

A layer of the reference material (phantom) is illuminated by a Cs radiation source with an energy of 661 KeV. Fluid is added sequentially and f _p0 χ is determined - the gamma of radiation until the layer height is reached at which the _{fpox value} is maximum. Experimentally, we find that the introduced mass of tungsten, equal to 346 g, corresponding to f = _pogl

1.75. The maximum transmission value of gamma rays was achieved at a layer height H _prox = 9.0 cm. According to this, the f _{prox of} gamma rays is 8.1. We substitute the obtained values into the above ratios.

K = In (8.1 / 1.75) - 1 = 0.52. M = K-m = 0.52-346 = 180 g.

Now the value of H _{Porl is determined} from the relation:

K = H _ppl / _Hpox ; H _popl = KH _pox = 0.52-9.0 = 5 cm.

Based on the results obtained, the percentage mass of tungsten powder is determined for a given brick thickness to obtain a specific thickness that provides abnormal absorption. Brick manufacturing technology involves baking the workpiece at elevated temperatures, therefore, to take into account the technological parameters of the fixed the coincidence value of the peak obtained under normal conditions and the peak for the value obtained after physical exposure is computed, and the cross-correlation coefficient of the radiation distribution is determined. It is equal to the ratio of the mass attenuation coefficient of radiation for a brick acquiring an operating state under normal conditions to the mass attenuation coefficient for a physically processed brick (μ _norm / C _machined ) - In this case, the thickness of the brick at which an abnormal passage occurs is determined by the height of the layer of the reference material radiation. This value determines the amount of tungsten powder required to extract from its total mass no more than 1.5% ultrafine particles with an average size of 0.1 μm and a specific surface area of 0.3 m / g to 2000 m / g. This value is approximately 4% of the total bulk mass of the tungsten powder. This part is separated and mixed with water to obtain a solution. To obtain a brick, for example ceramic, with radiation protective properties, a binder is prepared. The main raw material for the production of ceramic bricks is clay. Clay enters the coarse mill, then into the drying drum, where excess moisture is removed. Next, the clay enters the core mixer. The remainder of the powder after receiving the solution is fed into the same mixer through the dispenser. The resulting mixture is fed to a twin-shaft steam humidifier, where the mixture is moistened up to 15% with steam and heated to 25 ° C. Then the mixture is fed to the storage hopper, from where it is fed to the CT-213 press, where it is semi-dry by molding bricks are made.

The blank is placed on the drying frame of the trolleys, which are loaded into the tunnel dryer, where they are dried at a temperature of 90 ° C for 72 hours. After drying, the products are fed into the tunnel kiln for firing. The firing is carried out according to the firing curve at a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C. The firing time is 54 hours. The resulting workpiece must meet the requirements for ceramic bricks according to DSTUB.B.2.7-61-97. After firing and cooling, the products are sent to the impregnation compartment and transferred to the plate conveyor, with the help of which the products are dipped into the impregnation chamber filled with thoroughly prepared solution. Using forced circulation, the resulting UDM blank is saturated. A collector is installed in the chamber for supplying compressed air so that the mixture is in suspension, due to which conditions are created under which, as it were, retention of the UFD by the surface layer of the product occurs. In this case, the solution covers the entire volume of the workpiece. The workpiece is kept in solution until it is completely saturated, as a result of which a product with specified radiation-protective properties is obtained. After that, each preform is dried, burned in a tunnel oven at a temperature of up to 1000 ° C, and a finished brick is obtained. Example 2

To obtain a radiation-protective rubber-based product, a filler in the form of a tungsten powder, including UDM with an average size of 0.1 μm, specific surface area in the range from 0.3 m ² / g to 2000 m ² / is preliminarily prepared, as in the previous example. g and in an amount up to 1.5% in the total volume of the filler.

First determine the bulk density of the powder, which contains the amount of UDC, which provides an abnormal absorption of radiation. A tungsten powder of mass m = 3.9 g is introduced into the cylinder of the cuvette and a liquid is added successively. The specific bulk density of the tungsten mass is 5.4 g / cm ³ and the liquid is 1.1 g / cm ³

The layer of the reference material (phantom) is illuminated by the source of

О ΔП radiation Am with an energy of 60 KeV. Fluid is added sequentially and f _prox χ is determined - the gamma of radiation until the layer height is reached at which the f _{prox value} is maximum. We obtain experimentally that the introduced tungsten mass equal to 3.9 g corresponds to f _pogl = 2.46. The maximum transmittance of gamma rays was achieved at a layer height H _prox ⁼ 1.875 cm. According to this, f _proxp gamma rays will be 9.34. We substitute the obtained values into the above ratios. K = In (9.34 / 2.46) - 1 = 0.333; M = K-m = 0.333-3.9 = 1.287 g

Now, the value of H _{POGl is determined} from the relation: K = Нп _о г _л / H _прО χ _, H _posl = KH _рpox = 0.33 ^• 1, 875 = 0.62 cm. Based on the results obtained, the percentage of the mass is determined from the given thickness of the product tungsten powder for semi- specific thicknesses providing abnormal absorption.

Rubber products are obtained by molding under the influence of pressure, respectively, given technology. Therefore, to take into account the technological parameters, the coincidence value of the peak obtained under normal conditions and the peak for the value obtained after physical exposure is recorded, and the cross-correlation coefficient of the radiation distribution is determined. It is equal to the ratio of the mass attenuation coefficient of radiation for a rubber product acquiring a working condition under normal conditions to the mass attenuation coefficient for a rubber product after pressure treatment (μ _HO pm / μ _ob p _ab ) • The thickness of the reference material is determined by the thickness products in which an abnormal transmission of radiation occurs. This value determines the amount of tungsten powder needed to isolate from its mass not more than 1% UDM with an average size of 0.1 μm, specific surface area from 0.3 m / g to 2000 m / g. This value is approximately 4% of the total bulk mass of the tungsten powder. This part is separated to obtain a solution.

The rubber material is obtained by introducing a rubber matrix with a vulcanizing agent into the mixer, then the remainder of the tungsten powder is added, and the resulting mixture is mixed until homogeneous. Billets of products with a thickness of b = 0.62 cm are formed from the resulting mixture. After this, the products are placed in a container with a solution. The workpiece is kept in solution until it is completely saturated, as a result of which a product with specified radiation-protective properties is obtained. The proposed method allows to obtain radiation-protective products of a given thickness by a known method by preliminary determining the amount of filler, providing an abnormal absorption of radiation on one reference material, which is composed of a given composition. For a different composition and other conditions of its operation, a reference material is made taking into account technological parameters and the amount of filler that provides anomalous absorption of radiation for a given composition is determined by the same method. The method allows to simulate the composition of components on a computer. The known method allows to obtain radiation-protective products from composite materials reinforced with dispersed fillers.

The combination of two technological areas for the manufacture of radiation-absorbing products, the first based on the introduction of radiation-absorbing filler in the composition, and the second - saturation of the surface of the resulting product of radiation-absorbing filler in the manufacturing process, will provide protection with less metal in the composition of the filler and, accordingly, reduce the thickness of the product.

Consider reducing the thickness of the protective product, possibly by comparing the data in the tables below:

Table 1 shows the data obtained for different thicknesses of ceramic bricks with heavy metal filler.

Table 1

Table 2 shows the changes in the attenuation coefficient obtained by the claimed method for different thicknesses of ceramic bricks: K ₁ - at the stage of preparation of a workpiece containing dispersed filler and K _sub - at the stage of obtaining finished brick.

table 2

Table 3 shows the changes in the linear attenuation coefficient obtained for a rubber product with a thickness of b = 0.62 cm and a density of p = 0.65 g / cm ³ .

Table 3

Предлагаемое изобретение позволяет задавать характеристики изделия, которое используется для защиты от требуемого уровня радиации за счет эффективного сочетания дисперсного наполнителя с выбранной матрицей и уменьшить толщину изделия с обеспечением требуемых радиаци- онно-защитных свойств.

The present invention allows you to set the characteristics of the product, which is used to protect against the required level of radiation due to the effective combination of dispersed filler with the selected matrix and to reduce the thickness of the product with the required radiation protective properties.

The method allows to reduce the thickness and weight of the protective products, while the coefficient of linear attenuation increases by 3 times (depending on the radiation energy). In practice, the coefficients can be controlled by the number of UDM determined by the declared range of values that are necessary to solve each specific engineering problem.

In addition, the method of manufacturing radiation protective material is simple and low cost, does not require significant time and energy costs, allows you to expand the range of radiation protective composite products of a given shape and size using a wide range of components.

Claims

CLAIM 1. A method of manufacturing radiation-protective products by a composite combination of a filler and a matrix, including molding the product, preparing a solution and feeding it into the pores of the formed product, where the conditions for its saturation are created, characterized in that the filler is preliminarily prepared in the form of a multicomponent dispersed mixture, including UDCH an average size of 0.1 microns, a specific surface area of 0.3 m ² / g to 2000 m ² / g and in an amount up to about 1.5% of the volumetric mass of the mixture, determine the mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected the first matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation, 4 - 12% of this mixture is used to prepare the solution, and from the remaining part of the mixture and matrix the product is formed, which, after drying, is placed in the prepared solution and saturated with the product until the required radiation protective properties are obtained, at during saturation, the solution is affected by technological parameters. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to determine the mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation by a given thickness of the product, acquiring a working condition under normal conditions, pre-form the reference material in a cylindrical container through which They emit radiation of a given energy, fix the value of the diffraction maximum of the transmission of radiation and determine the mass of the mixture from it. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that for determining the volumetric mass of the mixture, the combination of which with the selected matrix leads to an abnormal absorption of radiation by a given thickness of the product, acquiring an operating state under conditions different from normal (during heat treatment, during pressure treatment ), the previously obtained reference material is physically processed, radiation of the same energy is passed through it, and the value of the diffraction absorption maximum of radiation for it is fixed, the coefficient of the correlation of the radiation distribution, and then determine the mass of the mixture for a given product by the formula: m = N - K / n, where: t is the mass of the mixture; N is the value of the mass content of the mixture from the mass of the product; K is the coefficient of mutual correlation of the distribution of radiation, equal to the ratio of the mass attenuation coefficient of radiation for a material acquiring an operating state under normal conditions, to the mass attenuation coefficient for a material processed physically ( _μnorm / _μObPa b); p - the value of the multiplicity of the mixture. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the matrix used is clay, silicate, natural and synthetic rubbers and synthetic plastic materials. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as components for the preparation of the mixture using basalt, gypsum, silicate, rocks. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as ultrafine particles use at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, bismuth, zirconium, iron, tin, cadmium, lithium, barium, and intermetallic compounds, oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, hydrides and a mixture of non-metallic materials. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the solution is water, emulsions, latexes, suspensions, suspensions, sols and gels. 8. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the products are formed by semi-dry pressing at a specific pressure of approximately 15-25 MPa .. 9. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the product is fired at a temperature of approximately 1000 ° C.