WO2004107861A1 - Preparations comprising quaternary ammonium compounds and anionic surfactants - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparations are disclosed, comprising A) one or more pesticides and/or one or more phytohormones, B) one or more quaternary ammonium compounds and C) one or more anionic surfactants.

Description

description

Preparations containing quaternary ammonium compounds and anionic surfactants

The invention relates to improving the effect of the biological activity of crop protection agents or pesticides (e.g. acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscids, nematicides and rodenticides) and phytohormones in the presence of a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and an anionic surfactant.

Plant protection products or pesticides are chemical or natural substances that penetrate into plant cells, tissue or parasitic organisms in or on the plant and damage or destroy them.

The largest proportion of pesticides are herbicides, followed by insecticides and fungicides. The most important herbicides are chemical substances which act on the transport system of plants, for example by inhibiting photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis or amino acid biosynthesis, and which inhibit nucleation and growth until the plant dies.

Phytohormones control physiological reactions such as growth, blood rhythm, cell division and semen maturation.

In order to ensure that pesticides and phytohormones are technically applicable and that the biological effectiveness is optimally used, auxiliary substances, mostly surfactants as emulsifiers, wetting agents or adhesives, are added to the preparation of the agents containing these substances.

The document US 5,858,921 teaches that the concentration of glyphosate can be reduced without reducing the biological activity if the formulation is water-soluble, long-chain alkyldimethylamine oxides and water-soluble quaternary alkyl ammonium halides. No. 5,750,468 describes glyphosate formulations which contain tertiary or quaternary ether amines as adjuvant. Organosilicones show good wetting and adsorption capacity, as numerous documents show, for example WO 99/56543 and US 5,821, 195. A disadvantage is the sensitivity of the silicones to hydrolysis, both in the acidic medium at pH 2 to 5 and under basic conditions.

The task was to develop new auxiliaries for pesticides and / or phytohormones that increase their activity, similarly to silicone surfactants, greatly reducing the surface tension of the aqueous compositions containing these substances without decomposing under acidic or alkaline conditions, and economically, simply are easy to handle and are well tolerated by humans and the environment.

Surprisingly, it was found that this problem is solved when the auxiliary means consist of a combination

I) one or more compounds of the formula I.

^R4

wherein R ^{1 is} a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, an alkenylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group, an alkoxypropyl group having 5 to 22 Carbon atoms in the alkoxy group or an alkenyloxypropyl group with 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyloxy group, R ^{2 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or is an alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms or may have the meaning given for R ⁴ , in which case R ³ and R ⁴ need not be the same, R ^{4 is} a group of the formula -A- (OA) _n -OH, where A is -C ₂ H ₄ - and / or -C ₃ H ₆ - and n is a number from 0 to 60, preferably from 0 to 20, and X ^"is any anion, preferably chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, Sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, mono- and di-hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methyl sulfate, phosphonate, methyl phosphonate, methane disulfonate, methyl sulfonate, ethanesulfonate or an anionic radical of the formulas R ⁶ S0 ₃ ^θ , R ⁷ S0 ₄ ^θ or R ⁶ COO ^θ , wherein R ⁶ and R ⁷ each independently represent an alkyl group having 8 to 20, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R ⁷ can also be an alkylphenyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and

II) one or more anionic surfactants

to be selected.

The invention relates to preparations containing

A) one or more pesticides and / or one or more phytohormones,

B) one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula I.

^R4

wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an aikylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, an alkenylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group, an alkoxypropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in represents the alkoxy group or an alkenyloxypropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyloxy group,

R ^{2 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 22 carbon atoms,

R ^{3 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 22 carbon atoms or can have the meaning given for R ⁴ , in which case R ³ and R ⁴ need not be the same,

R ^{4 is} a group of the formula -A- (OA) _n -OH, where A is -C ₂ H ₄ - and / or -C ₃ H ₆ - and n is a number from 0 to 60, preferably from 0 to 20 , and

X ^"is any anion, preferably chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, mono- and di-hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methyl sulfate,

Phosphonate, methylphosphonate, methane disulfonate, methylsulfonate, ethanesulfonate or an anionic radical of the formulas R ⁶ S0 ₃ ^θ , R ⁷ S0 ^θ or R ⁶ COO ^θ , where R ⁶ and R ⁷ independently of one another each have an alkyl group with 8 to 20, preferably 10 to Mean 18 carbon atoms, and R ^{7 can} additionally be an alkylphenyl group with 7 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,

and

C) one or more anionic surfactants.

The preparations according to the invention significantly reduce the surface tension of water even at low concentrations below 30 mN / m at 25 ° C and have high hydrolysis stability in the pH range from 4 to 9 even at elevated temperatures.

The preparations according to the invention can contain active ingredients from the group of the herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, bactericides, molluscids, nematicides and rodenticides. Herbicide formulations are preferred. Suitable herbicides, without restricting the invention thereto, are acifluorfen, asulam, benazolin, bentazone, bilanafos, bromacil, bromoxynil, chloramben, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapon, dicamba, dichloroprop, diclofop, endothall , Fenac, Fenoxaprop, Flamprop, Fluazifop, Flumiclorac, Fluoroglycofen, Fomesafen, Fosamine, Glufosinate, Haloxyfop, Imazapic, Imazamethabenz, Imazamox, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, loxynil, MCPA, MCPalamacid, Quacamamopropic , 2,3,6-TBA, TCA.

The auxiliaries according to the invention are particularly suitable for

Plant protection products containing herbicides of the substance class N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate). Glyphosates are used in large quantities as very environmentally friendly and at the same time highly effective and widely used herbicides in agriculture. They are preferably used as water-soluble salts, particularly preferably as alkali metal, ammonium, alkylamine, alkylsulfonium, alkylphosphonium, sulfonylamine or aminoguanidine salt or also as the free acid. Glyphosates in the form of the mono (isopropylammonium) salt or mono (trimethylsulfonium) salt are particularly preferably used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the preparations contain growth-promoting phytohormones selected from the group of auxins, preferably indole-3-acetic acid, methyl 4-chloroindole-3-acetate, 4-chloroindolacetyl aspartate, from the group of gibberellins (diterpenes) and from the group of cytokinins, and growth-inhibiting phytohormones, preferably abscisic acid, xanthaxins, jasmonic acid, jasmonates and ethylene-releasing substances such as L-methionine. Preferred compounds of the formula I are C ₅ -Cn-alkyldimethylhydroxyethylquats, ie compounds of the formula I in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl group having 5 to 11 C atoms, R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl, A -C ₂ H - is and n is a number from 0 to 60, preferably from 0 to 20, and also Ci ₂ -i ₄ -alkyldimethylhydroxyethylquats, ie compounds of the formula I in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl group having 12 to 14 C atoms , R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl, A is -C ₂ H ₄ - and n is a number from 0 to 60, preferably from 0 to 20. In the above expressions, "quat" thus means that the corresponding compound has a quaternary N atom.

According to the invention, a compound of the formula I is mixed with one or more anionic surfactants. Surprisingly, the anion-cation complex pair is very readily water-soluble, well compatible with other components and, in a synergistic manner, brings about a strong reduction in the surface tension.

Preferred anionic surfactants are straight-chain and branched alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, sulfosuccinates and taurates, alkyl ester sulfonates, arylalkyl sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates.

Alkyl sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula ROS0 ₃ M, in which R is preferably a C ₁ -C ₂ -hydrocarbon radical, particularly preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 10 to 20 C atoms and particularly preferably a C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl or Represents hydroxyalkyl. M is hydrogen or a cation, preferably an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium) or ammonium or substituted ammonium, e.g. a methyl, dimethyl and trimethylammonium cation or a quaternary ammonium cation such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cation and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and mixtures thereof.

The alkyl ether sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula RO (A) _m S0 ₃ M, in which R is preferably an unsubstituted C ₀ -C ₂₄ alkyl or Hydroxyalkyl radical, particularly preferably a C ₂ -C ₂ -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical and particularly preferably a C ₂ -C 8 -alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical. A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is a number greater than 0, typically between approximately 0.5 and approximately 6, particularly preferably between approximately 0.5 and approximately 3, and M is a hydrogen atom or a cation, preferably a metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or a substituted ammonium cation. Examples of substituted ammonium cations are methyl, dimethyl, trimethylammonium and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations, as well as those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine or mixtures thereof. Examples include C ₂ -C ₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (1, 0) sulfate, C ₂ -C ₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate, C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alkyl polyethoxylate (3rd , 0) suifat, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate, the cation being sodium or potassium.

Also suitable alkylsulfonates having straight-chain or branched C6-C22 alkyl chains, for example, primary paraffin sulfonates, secondary paraffin sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, for example, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates with C ₅ -C sulfonate ₂ 0- alkyl chains, alkylnaphthalene sulphonates, condensation products of naphthalene and formaldehyde, lignosulfonate, alkyl, ie sulfonated linear esters of C ₈ -C ₂ o-carboxylic acids (ie fatty acids), C ₈ -C ₂₄ olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, produced by sulfonation of the pyrolysis products of alkaline earth metal citrates.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are selected from alkylglycerol sulfates, fatty acylglycerol sulfates, oleylglycerol sulfates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates such as acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinamates, sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate and unsaturated (dermatosuccinate and sulfonate unsaturated and di-sulfonate unsuccinate and sulfonate) especially saturated and unsaturated C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides, branched primary alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO (CH2CH ₂ θ) kCH ₂ COO ^" M ⁺ where R is one C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl group, k is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a soluble salt-forming cation.

In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the one or more compounds of the formula I to the one or more anionic surfactants is from 95: 5 to 5:95, preferably from 90:10 to 10:90, particularly preferably from 80:20 to 20:80 and extremely preferred from 80:20 to 70:30 or from 20:80 to 30:70.

In a further preferred embodiment, the preparations according to the invention contain one or more nonionic surfactants and / or one or more amphoteric surfactants as a further component.

As nonionic surfactants, preferably fatty alcohol ethoxylates (alkylpolyethylene glycols), Aikylphenolpolyethylenglykole, Alkylmercaptanpolyethylenglykole, fatty amine ethoxylates (Alkylaminopolyethylenglykole), fatty acid (Acylpolyethylenglykole) Polypropylenglykolethoxylate (eg, Pluronics ^®), fatty acid alkylolamides (Fettsäureamidpolyethylenglykole), N-alkyl and N-Alkoxypolyhydroxy- fatty acid amides, alkylpolysaccharides , Sucrose esters, sorbitol esters and polyglycol ethers.

Preferred amphoteric surfactants are amphoacetates, particularly preferably monocarboxylates and dicarboxylates such as cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamidocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate (or also referred to as cocoamphodiacetate) and cocoamphoacetate.

Preferred amphoteric surfactants are amine oxides of the formula R ₃ (OR) _x N (0) (R ₅ ) ₂ , in which R _{3 is} alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropyl or alkylphenyl having 8 to 26 carbon atoms, R _{4 is} an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having 2 to 3 Carbon atoms, x is a number from 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, and each R _{5 is} independently an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 3 Is carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group having 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units. Alkyldimethylamine oxides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and acylamidoalkyldimethylamine oxides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group and 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group are particularly preferred.

Among the alkyldimethylamine oxides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, that is to say the compounds in which both radicals R5 are methyl, x is 0 and R _{3 is} an alkyl group with 10 to 18 carbon atoms, those compounds in which R _{3 is} a are particularly preferred Alkyl group with 10 carbon atoms means those compounds in which R ₃ denotes an alkyl group with 12 to 16 carbon atoms, such as, for example, lauryldimethylamine oxide, and -> cocoalkyldimethylamine oxide.

In the event that the preparations according to the invention contain one or more amphoteric surfactants, the weight ratio of the sum of the one or more compounds of the formula I and the one or more anionic surfactants to the one or more amphoteric surfactants is 99: 1 to 1:99, preferably from 95: 5 to 5:95 and particularly preferably from 90:10 to 10:90.

The above-mentioned surfactant mixtures of compound of the formula I and anionic surfactant, optionally mixed with nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants, are suitable as adjuvants in crop protection formulations, both in solid form and in gel or paste form, preferably in sprayable liquid form Shape.

The formulations according to the invention can be prepared in solid form as powders, pellets, tablets or granules, which are dissolved in water before use. Solid preparations can the pesticide and / or phytohormone in the amounts of 20 to 80, preferably from 50 to 75, particularly preferably from 60 to 70 wt .-% and surfactant mixtures of compound of formula I and anionic surfactant, optionally with nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactant in the amounts 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%. Concentrate formulations which are diluted before use can contain the pesticide and / or phytohormone in the amounts 5 to 50, preferably 20 to 40% by weight and the surfactant mixture in the amounts 5 to 70% by weight.

The formulations according to the invention can contain thickeners, anti-gel agents, freezing agents, solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, further adjuvants, binders, anti-foaming agents, thinners, disintegrants and wetting agents. Xanthan gum and / or cellulose, for example carboxy, methyl, ethyl or propyl cellulose, can be used as a thickening agent in the amounts by weight of 0.01 to 5%, based on the finished agent. Water, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and monopropylene glycol are suitable as solvents. Non-ionic, amphoteric, cationic and anionic surfactants are suitable as dispersants and emulsifiers. Organic acids and their esters, for example ascorbic acid, ascorbic palmitate, sorbate, benzoic acid, methyl and propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propionates, phenol, for example 2-phenylphenate, 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, sulfuric acid, can be used as preservatives and their salts are used. Polysilicones are suitable as defoamers.

Other adjuvants can be polyglycerol esters, alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl polysaccharides, fatty amine ethoxylates, sorbitan and sorbitol ethoxylate derivatives and derivatives of alk (en) yl succinic anhydride. For solid formulations, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sugar, for example sucrose, sorbitol or starch are suitable as binders. Carbon black, tallow, kaolin, aluminum, calcium or magnesium stearate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetraborate, sodium sulphate, silicates and sodium benzoate are suitable as thinners, absorbers or carriers. Cellulose, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium or potassium acetate, carbonates, bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, act as disintegrants. Ammonium sulfate or potassium hydrogen phosphate. Alcohol ethoxylates / propoxylates can be used as wetting agents.

A great advantage in terms of application technology is the high pH stability of the preparations according to the invention with surfactant mixtures of compounds of the formula I and anionic surfactant.

The formulations according to the invention can be applied by the customary methods. Aqueous concentrates and solid formulations are diluted with the appropriate amount of water before application.

Amounts of pesticide and / or phytohormone in the range of 0.1 to 5 kg, preferably 0.3 to 2.5 kg, are applied per hectare. The proportion of the adjuvant according to the invention is in the range from 0.15 to 2.1 kg / ha. The volume of the formulation created for spraying is in the range from 50 to 1000 l / ha.

The content of compounds of the formula I in the preparations according to the invention can vary within wide limits. For example, the following formulations are preferred.

Formulations as "tank mix" and "ready to use compositions" contain 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight of pesticide and / or phytohormone and 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1% by weight, of the compounds of the formula I. The ratio of adjuvant to pesticide and / or phytohormone can be between 1:10 to 500: 1, in particular 1: 4 up to 4: 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the preparations according to the invention contain water. The invention therefore also relates to compositions comprising a preparation according to the invention and water. Another object of the invention is the use of a preparation according to the invention or a composition containing a preparation according to the invention and water for controlling weeds.

The invention also relates to the use of a preparation according to the invention or of a composition comprising a preparation according to the invention and water for regulating the growth of plants.

Examples

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of examples, which, however, are in no way to be regarded as a restriction.

The following substances were used in the examples:

Arkopal N 090 nonylphenol polyglycol ether with 9 ethylene oxide units ER02 / 2706 80% by weight Genapol LRO fl 10% by weight prep HY 10% by weight Genaminox LA

Genaminox LA lauryldimethylamine oxide, 30% active content Genapol LRO fl alkyl diglycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 27% active content (INCI: Sodium Laureth Sulfate)

Hostapur OSB C-ι ₄ / i ₆ -.alpha.-olefin sulphonate, Na salt prepagen HY Ci ₂ -i ₄ -alkyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride, 40% active content

Silwet-L-77 commercially available silicone surfactant (trisiloxane ethoxylate, 100%)

example 1

The dynamic surface tension of Silwet-L-77 and ER02 / 2706 was measured as a function of the temperature and the pH at concentrations of 1 g / l in water, ER 02/2706 being one in the invention Representative surfactant mixture to be used and Silwet-L-77 serves as a reference substance. The measured values are shown in Table 1.

It has been found that ER02 / 2706 is more stable over a wide pH and temperature range compared to the silicone surfactant available under the trade name Silwet L-77.

Table 1: Dynamic surface tension as a function of temperature and pH at concentrations of 1 g / l

Measurement conditions:

Device: Bubble Pressure - Tensiometer MPT2 from LAUDA

Temperature: room temperature

Concentration: 1 g / l

Example 2

The static surface tension of prepagen HY, Genapol LRO fl,

Hostapur OSB, a mixture of 80% Genapol LRO fl and 20% prepagen HY, a mixture of 90% Hostapur OSB and 10% prepagen HY and one

Mixture of 80% Genapol LRO fl, 10% prepagen HY and 10% Genaminox LA in

Depends on the concentration measured in water at a temperature of 25 ° C. The surfactant mixtures indicated represent surfactant mixtures to be used in the preparations according to the invention. The individual substances, on the other hand, serve as comparison substances. The measured values are shown in Tables 2a and 2b.

It was found that the surfactant mixtures have a synergistic effect in reducing the surface tension compared to the individual components.

Table 2a: Static surface tension of cationic and anionic surfactants depending on the concentration at a temperature of 25 ° C

Konz.: Konzentration

Conc .: concentration

Ofs: surface tension

Table 2b: Static surface tension of surfactant mixtures in

Depends on the concentration at a temperature of 25 ° C

<z .: Concentration Ofs: Surface tension

Measurement conditions: Device: (Krüss K12 tensiometer)

Lauda tensiometer

Measuring temperature: 25 ° C method: combination of two methods: platinum ring method with automatic dilution, platinum plate

Example 3 The static surface tension of a mixture of 80% Genapol LRO fl and 20% prepagen HY was determined as a function of the concentration for different water hardnesses.

The surfactant mixture used represents a surfactant mixture to be used in the preparations according to the invention. The measured values are shown in Table 3. It has been found that the favorable surface-active effects of the surfactant mixtures to be used in the preparations according to the invention are not adversely affected by increasing water hardness.

Table 3: Influence of the Ca ion concentration on the static surface tension of the surfactant mixture of 80% Genapol LRO fl and 20% prepagen HY

Conc .: Concentration Ofs: Surface tension

Example 4

The static surface tension of a mixture of 80% Genapol LRO fl, 10% Präpagen HY and 10% Genaminox LA was determined depending on the concentration for different water hardness levels. The surfactant mixture used represents a surfactant mixture to be used in the preparations according to the invention. The measured values are shown in Table 4.

It has been found that the favorable surface-active effects of the surfactant mixtures to be used in the preparations according to the invention are not adversely affected by increasing water hardness.

Table 4: Influence of the Ca ion concentration on the static surface tension of the surfactant mixture from 80% Genapol LRO fl, 10% prepagen HY and 10% Genaminox LA

Ofs: surface tension

Claims

claims: 1. Containing preparations A) one or more pesticides and / or one or more phytohormones, B) one or more quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula I.

R4 in which R ^{1 is} a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, an alkenylamidopropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group, an alkoxypropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkoxy group or an alkenyloxypropyl group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkenyloxy group, R ^{2 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} an alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group with 2 to 22 carbon atoms or can have the meaning given for R ⁴ , in which case R ³ and R ⁴ need not be the same, R ^{4 is} a group of the formula -A- (OA) _n -OH, where A is -C ₂ H ₄ - and / or -C ₃ H ₆ - and n is a number from 0 to 60, and X ^"is any anion, preferably chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, mono- or di-hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, nitrate, methyl sulfate, phosphonate, methyl phosphonate, methane disulfonate, methyl sulfonate, ethanesulfonate or an anionic radical of the formulas R ⁶ S0 ₃ ^θ , R ⁷ S0 ₄ ^θ or R ⁶ COO ^θ , where R ⁶ and R ⁷ each independently represent an alkyl group having 8 to 20, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and R ⁷ additionally can also be an alkylphenyl group with 7 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and C) one or more anionic surfactants. 2. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more pesticides are selected from the substance class N-phosphonomethyl-glycine (glyphosate). 3. Preparation according to claim 2, characterized in that the glyphosates as water-soluble salts, preferably as alkali metal, ammonium, alkylamine, alkylsulfonium, alkylphosphonium, sulfonylamine or aminoguanidine salts, or also as free acid. 4. Preparation according to claim 3, characterized in that the glyphosates are in the form of the mono (isopropylammonium) salt or mono (trimethylsulfonium) salt. 5. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the one or more phytohormones are selected from growth-promoting phytohormones selected from the group of auxins, preferably indole-3-acetic acid, methyl-4-chloroindole-3- Acetate, 4-chloroindole acetyl aspartate, from the group of gibberellins (diterpenes) and from the group of cytokinins, as well as from growth-inhibiting phytohormones, preferably abscisic acid, xanthaxine, jasmonic acid, jasmonate and ethylene-releasing substances such as L-methionine. 6. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the one or more compounds of formula I are selected from compounds in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl group with 5 to 11 carbon atoms, R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl, A -CH ₄ - is n is a number from 0 to 60 and X ^"has the meaning given in claim 1. 7. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the one or more compounds of formula I are selected from compounds in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl group with 12 to 14 carbon atoms, R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl, A -C ₂ H - is n is a number from 0 to 60 and X ^"has the meaning given in claim 1. 8. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the one or more anionic surfactants are selected from straight-chain and branched alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, sulfosuccinates and taurates, alkyl ester sulfonates, arylalkyl sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates. 9. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the weight ratio of the one or more compounds of the formula I to the one or more anionic surfactants is from 95: 5 to 5: 95. 10. Preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains one or more nonionic surfactants and / or one or more amphoteric surfactants. 11. Preparation according to claim 10, characterized in that the one or more nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants are selected from fatty alcohol ethoxylates (alkyl polyethylene glycols), alkylphenol polyethylene glycols, alkyl mercaptan polyethylene glycols, fatty amine ethoxylates (alkylaminopolyethylene glycols), fatty acid ethoxylates (Acylpolyethylene glycols), polypropylene glycol ethoxylates, fatty acid alkylolamides (fatty acid amide polyethylene glycols), N-alkyl and N-alkoxypolyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkyl polysaccharides, sucrose esters, sorbitol esters, polyglycol ethers and amphoacetates, preferably from monocarbamate carboxylates, such as monocarbamate carboxylates, Cocoamidocarboxypropionic acid, Cocoamphocarboxyglycinat and Cocoamphoacetat. 12. Preparation according to claim 10, characterized in that the one or more amphoteric surfactants from amine oxides of the formula R ₃ (OR ₄ ) _x N (0) (R ₅ ) ₂ , wherein R _{3 is} alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropyl or alkylphenyl with 8 to 26 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, x is a number from 0 to 5, and each R5 is independently an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group having 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units. 13. Preparation according to claim 12, characterized in that the amphoteric surfactants are selected from alkyldimethylamine oxides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and acylamidoalkyldimethylamine oxides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group and 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. 14. Preparation according to one or more of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the weight ratio of the sum of the one or more compounds of formula I and the one or more anionic surfactants to the one or more amphoteric surfactants of 99: 1 to 1:99. 15. Composition containing a preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 and water. 16. Use of a preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or a composition according to claim 15 for controlling weeds. 17. Use of a preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or a composition according to claim 15 for regulating the growth of plants.