WO2004019085A1 - 位相差光学素子、その製造方法及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
位相差光学素子、その製造方法及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004019085A1 WO2004019085A1 PCT/JP2003/010704 JP0310704W WO2004019085A1 WO 2004019085 A1 WO2004019085 A1 WO 2004019085A1 JP 0310704 W JP0310704 W JP 0310704W WO 2004019085 A1 WO2004019085 A1 WO 2004019085A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133636—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133633—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation using mesogenic materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/07—All plates on one side of the LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/13—Positive birefingence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation optical element incorporated and used in a liquid crystal display device and the like, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal cell including a retardation layer acting as a negative C plate and a retardation layer acting as an A plate.
- Phase difference optical element for compensating for the polarization state of light emitted in a direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal cell out of light incident on and / or emitted from the liquid crystal cell, a method for manufacturing the same, and a phase difference optical element
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having the same.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a conventional general liquid crystal display device.
- the conventional liquid crystal display device 100 includes a polarizing plate 102A on the incident side, a polarizing plate 102B on the emitting side, and a liquid crystal cell 104.
- the polarizing plates 102A and 102B are configured to selectively transmit only linearly polarized light having a vibration plane in a predetermined vibration direction, and the respective vibration directions are mutually reciprocal. They are arranged facing each other in a crossed Nicols state so as to be at right angles to each other.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 includes a number of cells corresponding to pixels, and is disposed between the polarizing plates 102A and 102B.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 is formed by a VA (Vertical Alignment) method in which a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed (in the figure, a liquid crystal die).
- VA Vertical Alignment
- the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate 102A on the incident side is a non-driven cell among the liquid crystal cells 104, for example.
- the light passes through this portion, the light is transmitted without phase shift and is blocked by the polarizing plate 102B on the emission side.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is not limited to the above-described mode of transmitting and blocking light, and the light emitted from the non-driven cell portion of the liquid crystal sensor 104 can be used.
- Liquid crystal display devices also exist.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 has a birefringent property, Of the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate 102A on the incident side and incident along the normal line of the liquid crystal cell 104, the phase shift Although the light is transmitted without being reflected, the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate 102 A on the incident side is incident on the liquid crystal cell 104 in the direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal cell 104 when transmitted through the liquid crystal cell 104.
- phase difference occurs, and the light becomes elliptically polarized light. This phenomenon occurs because when a cell in the VA liquid crystal cell 104 is in a non-driving state, the liquid crystal molecules that are vertically aligned in the liquid crystal cell 104 act as a positive C plate. It is caused. Note that the magnitude of the phase difference generated with respect to the light transmitted through the liquid crystal cell 104 (transmitted light) depends on the birefringence value of the liquid crystal molecules sealed in the liquid crystal cell 104 and the liquid crystal cell 104. It is also affected by the thickness and the wavelength of transmitted light.
- the display quality of the image observed from a direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal sensor 104 is lower than the image observed from the front. There is a problem that it tends to worsen (viewing angle dependency).
- a V-p a helical (helical) pitch in a helical structure of liquid crystal molecules
- na V an average in a plane perpendicular to a helical axis.
- the selective reflection wavelength represented by (refractive index) is adjusted so as to be smaller or larger than the wavelength of the transmitted light, as described in, for example, JP-A-4-322223.
- the retardation generated in the VA liquid crystal cell acting as a positive C plate and the retardation layer of the retardation optical element acting as a negative C plate occur.
- the phase difference layer of the phase difference optical element so that the phase difference cancels out, the problem of the viewing angle dependence of the liquid crystal display device can be significantly reduced.
- the phase difference optical element operates as a negative C plate.
- phase difference optical element having a phase difference layer acting as a negative C plate and a phase difference layer acting as an A plate
- one of the causes was in the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the retardation layer.
- Phase difference optical element comprising a phase difference layer acting as a negative C plate and a phase difference layer acting as an A plate, capable of effectively suppressing And a liquid crystal display device.
- the present invention provides, as a first solution, a C-plate type retardation layer having a cholesteric regularity structure with a planar orientation and acting as a negative C-plate, and selectively reflecting light caused by the structure.
- a phase difference optical element is provided.
- a surface on the A-plate type retardation layer side and a distance from the A-plate type retardation layer are separated. It is preferable to have a spiral structure having a pitch number of substantially 0.5 X integer multiples between the surface and the surface on the side where the light is applied.
- the C-plate type retardation layer has a structure in which a force-iral nematic liquid crystal is three-dimensionally cross-linked and fixed, or a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal is fixed in a glass state. It is preferable to have a modified structure.
- the A-plate type retardation layer has a structure in which a nematic liquid crystal is three-dimensionally cross-linked and fixed, or a polymer nematic liquid crystal is fixed in a glass state. It preferably has a structure.
- the present invention provides, as a second solution, a first liquid crystal having cholesteric regularity on an alignment film in which the direction of the alignment control force is substantially the same over the entire range on the film, Coating a first liquid crystal whose selective reflection wavelength is adjusted to be in a range different from the wavelength of the incident light; and one of the coated first liquid crystals.
- the first liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing at least one of a polymerizable monomer molecule having cholesteric regularity and a polymerizable oligomer molecule having cholesteric regularity
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface of the first liquid crystal is solidified by three-dimensional crosslinking in a state where the direction of the director is regulated by the alignment regulating force of the alignment film, and the second liquid crystal has nematic regularity.
- the first liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing a liquid crystal polymer having cholesteric regularity, and a direction of a director of liquid crystal molecules on one surface of the first liquid crystal is changed.
- the second liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing a liquid crystal polymer having nematic regularity by being cooled in a state of being regulated by the alignment regulating force of the alignment film, and the second liquid crystal is a C plate type of the second liquid crystal. It is preferable that the liquid crystal molecules are solidified into a glass by cooling in a state where the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface on the side of the retardation layer is regulated by the orientation regulating force on the surface of the C-plate type retardation layer.
- the direction of directors of liquid crystal molecules on both of two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer facing each other is substantially parallel to each other.
- the thickness of the first liquid crystal coating can be adjusted preferable.
- the liquid crystal is solidified in a state in which the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on both of the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer facing each other are regulated. It is preferable that another alignment film is brought into contact with the surface on the side away from the surface of the alignment film.
- the liquid crystal is solidified in a state where the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on both of two main surfaces of the A-plate type retardation layer opposed to each other are regulated. It is preferable that another alignment film is brought into contact with the surface of the C plate type difference layer on the side separated from the surface.
- the present invention provides, as a third solution, a step of coating a first liquid crystal having nematic regularity on an alignment film in which the direction of the alignment control force is substantially the same over the entire range on the film; Forming the A-plate type retardation layer acting as an A-plate by solidifying in a state where the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface of the first liquid crystal is regulated by the orientation regulating force of the orientation film.
- the first liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing at least one of polymerizable monomer molecules having nematic regularity and polymerizable oligomer molecules having nematic regularity
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface of the first liquid crystal is solidified by three-dimensional crosslinking while being regulated by the alignment regulating force of the alignment film, and the second liquid crystal has cholesteric regularity.
- Direction is the A plate type position Four
- phase difference layer is solidified by three-dimensional cross-linking while being regulated by the orientation regulating force.
- the first liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing a liquid crystal polymer having nematic regularity, and a direction of a director of a liquid crystal molecule on one surface of the first liquid crystal is the orientation.
- the second liquid crystal is a liquid crystal containing a liquid crystal polymer having cholesteric regularity by being cooled and solidified into a glassy state while being controlled by the alignment control force of the film, and the A plate type of the second liquid crystal is used as the second liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal molecules be solidified into a glass by cooling in a state where the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface on the side of the retardation layer is regulated by the orientation regulating force on the surface of the A-plate type retardation layer.
- the direction of directors of liquid crystal molecules on both of the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer facing each other is substantially parallel to each other. It is preferable to adjust the thickness of the coating of the second liquid crystal.
- the second liquid crystal is solidified in a state where the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on both of the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer opposed to each other are regulated. It is preferable that another alignment film is brought into contact with the surface on the side away from the surface of the A-plate type retardation layer.
- the second liquid crystal is solidified in a state in which the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on both the two main surfaces of the A-plate type retardation layer facing each other are regulated.
- another alignment film is brought into contact with the surface on the side separated from the surface of the alignment film.
- the present invention provides, as a fourth solution, a liquid crystal cell, a pair of polarizing plates disposed so as to sandwich the liquid crystal cell, and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the liquid crystal cell and at least one of the pair of polarizing plates.
- a phase difference optical element according to the first solution means wherein the phase difference optical element is one of light having a predetermined polarization state incident on the liquid crystal cell and emitted from the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device which compensates for a polarization state of light emitted in a direction inclined from a normal line of the liquid crystal cell.
- phase difference optical element according to the first solution of the present invention, the phase difference optical element Four
- the C-plate type retardation layer which has a cholesteric regularity structure and acts as a negative C-plate, is adjacent to the A-plate type retardation layer, which has a nematic regularity structure and acts as an A-plate.
- the helical pitch of the structure is adjusted so that the selective reflection wavelength of the selective reflection light caused by the structure of the C-plate type retardation layer is in a range different from the wavelength of the incident light, and Since the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface adjacent to the C-plate type retardation layer and the A-plate type retardation layer are substantially matched, the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate are Even in the case where the display is arranged between them, a bright and dark pattern or the like is not generated in the display image, and it is possible to effectively suppress a decrease in display quality.
- the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer are substantially parallel. This makes it possible to more effectively suppress the occurrence of light and dark patterns and to further suppress the deterioration of display quality.
- the liquid crystal on two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer and the A-plate type retardation layer which are stacked adjacent to each other are separated from each other.
- the spiral structure having a pitch number of substantially 0.5 X integer times between the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer.
- the cholesteric regularity can be reduced on the alignment film in which the direction of the alignment control force is substantially the same over the entire range of the film.
- the first liquid crystal having a nematic regularity is formed on the C-plate type retardation layer acting as a negative C-plate by coating the first liquid crystal having the nematic regularity. Coat the liquid crystal and bind the A plate A phase difference optical element comprising a phase difference layer acting as a negative C plate and a phase difference layer acting as an A plate, since the A plate type retardation layer acting as A phase difference optical element that does not generate a bright pattern in an image and that can effectively suppress a decrease in display quality can be easily manufactured.
- the alignment control device has a nematic regularity on an alignment film in which the direction of the alignment control force is substantially the same throughout the film.
- the first liquid crystal is coated to form an A-plate type retardation layer acting as an A-plate, and then the second liquid crystal having cholesteric regularity is directly coated on the formed A-plate type retardation layer.
- a C-plate type retardation layer acting as a negative C plate is formed, a phase difference layer comprising a retardation layer acting as a negative C plate and a retardation layer acting as an A plate is formed. It is possible to easily manufacture a phase difference optical element which is a phase difference optical element and does not generate a bright and dark pattern on a display image and can effectively suppress a decrease in display quality. so That.
- a phase difference optical element is arranged between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate of a liquid crystal display device, and a predetermined polarization incident on the liquid crystal cell and / or emitted from the liquid crystal cell. Since the polarization state of light emitted in a direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal cell in the state light is compensated, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of light and dark patterns in the liquid crystal display device and to improve the contrast, Deterioration in display quality can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged perspective view schematically showing a part of a phase difference optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view schematically showing a part of a modification of the phase difference optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the helical pitch in the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules having cholesteric regularity and the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the retardation layer. ⁇ ⁇
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first method for manufacturing a phase difference optical element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a modification of the first method for manufacturing a phase difference optical element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second method for manufacturing a retardation optical element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a liquid crystal display device including a phase difference optical element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a configuration when observing a phase difference optical element sandwiched between polarizing plates.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a conventional liquid crystal display device. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the retardation optical element 10 includes a C-plate type retardation layer 12 having a cholesteric regular structure in a planar orientation, and a C-plate type retardation layer 12 adjacent to the C-plate type retardation layer 12. And an A-plate type retardation layer 14 having a nematic regular structure.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is composed of two main surfaces (wider surfaces) that face each other and are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the thickness direction (direction of the normal 15). Has 2 B.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 has anisotropy, that is, birefringence due to the cholesteric regularity structure, and the refractive index in the thickness direction is different from the refractive index in the plane direction. Acts as a negative C plate.
- N x N y ⁇ N z relationship.
- the A-plate type retardation layer 14 is composed of two main surfaces (larger surfaces) 14 A, 1 opposing each other and arranged so as to be orthogonal to the thickness direction (direction of the normal 15). Has 4B.
- the A-plate type retardation layer 12 has anisotropy, ie, birefringence, due to the nematic regularity structure, and has a different refractive index in the plane direction.
- N x the refractive index in the plane direction of the A-plate type retardation layer 14
- N y the refractive index in the thickness direction
- the direction of the director Na of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 A on the plate-type retardation layer 12 side substantially coincides with the direction.
- the range is within ⁇ 10 °, preferably within ⁇ 5 °, and more preferably within ⁇ 1 °.
- the term “substantially coincides” includes the case where the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules is displaced by approximately 180 degrees, that is, the case where the head and tail of the liquid crystal molecules are in the same direction. It is a thing. This is because in many cases, the head and tail of liquid crystal molecules cannot be optically distinguished. Note that this relationship will be described later. (The directions of the directors C a and C b of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces 12 A and 12 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 are “substantially parallel.
- the directions of the directors C a and N b of the liquid crystal molecules on the two surfaces 12 A and 14 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 which are separated from each other are different. The same applies to “substantially parallel”.
- liquid crystal molecule is generally used to mean a molecule having both fluidity of liquid and anisotropy of crystal, but in the present specification, the term “liquid crystal molecule” refers to a state having fluidity. For the sake of convenience, solidified molecules while maintaining the anisotropy
- liquid crystal molecule is used.
- a method of solidifying the molecules while maintaining the anisotropy that the molecules had in a state of fluidity for example, cross-linking a liquid crystal molecule (polymerizable monomer molecule or polymerizable oligomer molecule) having a polymerizable group is used. And a method of cooling the liquid crystal polymer (liquid crystal polymer) below the glass transition temperature.
- the direction of the director Ca of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface 12A of the two main surfaces of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is substantially the same in that surface, and the other is It is preferable that the direction of the director Cb of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12B is also substantially the same in the plane.
- the range of variation in the directions of the directors Ca and Cb of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface 12A and the other surface 12B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is preferably within ⁇ 10 °. It is preferably within ⁇ 5 °, more preferably within ⁇ 1 °.
- the directions of the liquid crystal molecule directors Ca and Cb are substantially the same. This can be determined by observing the cross section of the retardation layer 12 with a transmission electron microscope. More specifically, when a cross section of a C-plate type retardation layer 12 solidified with a cholesteric regular liquid crystal structure is observed with a transmission electron microscope, it is found that a molecular helical structure peculiar to the cholesteric regular liquid crystal structure is observed. A light pattern corresponding to pitch is observed.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 having a cholesteric regularity structure and acting as a negative C-plate has birefringence and a thickness of The refractive index in the vertical direction is different from the refractive index in the plane direction. Therefore, when linearly polarized light enters the C-plate type retardation layer 12, the linearly polarized light incident in the direction of the normal 15 of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is transmitted without phase shift. However, linearly polarized light incident in a direction inclined from the normal line 15 of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 becomes elliptically polarized light due to a phase difference when passing through the C-plate type retardation layer 12. . Conversely, when elliptically polarized light is incident in a direction inclined from the normal 15 of the C-plate type retardation layer 12, the incident elliptically polarized light can be converted to linearly polarized light.
- the A-plate type retardation layer 14 having a nematic regular structure and acting as an A-plate also has birefringence, but has a different refractive index in the plane direction. That is, even in the directions along the surfaces 14A and 14B, the refractive indexes in the directions of the directors Na and Nb are different from the refractive indexes in the directions perpendicular to the directors Na and Nb. In addition, The refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the directors Na and Nb is equal to the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- a retardation optical element using two types of retardation layers (C-plate type retardation layer 12 and A-plate type retardation layer 14) having different birefringence modes in the direction is used in combination.
- C-plate type retardation layer 12 and A-plate type retardation layer 14 having different birefringence modes in the direction is used in combination.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 are laminated adjacent to each other, and the C-plate type retardation layer 12 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 Since the directions of the directors Cb and Na of the liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces 12B and 14A on the sides adjacent to each other substantially match, the distance between the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display device and the polarizing plate Even in the case of the arrangement, a light and dark pattern or the like is not generated in a display image, and it is possible to effectively suppress a decrease in display quality.
- the range in which the selective reflection wavelength of the selective reflection light due to the cholesteric regularity structure is different from the wavelength of the incident light (whether the selective reflection wavelength is smaller than the wavelength of the incident light)
- the spiral pitch of the structure is adjusted so as to exist in the range of (or larger range).
- the cholesteric regularity structure is based on the planar alignment of liquid crystal, and the optical rotation selection characteristic (polarization separation characteristic) that separates the optical rotation component in one direction (circular polarization component) and the optical rotation component in the opposite direction. have.
- Such a phenomenon is known as circular dichroism, and when the direction of rotation in the helical structure of liquid crystal molecules is appropriately selected, a circularly polarized light component having the same optical rotation direction as this direction of rotation is selectively reflected.
- the maximum optical rotation polarization light scattering (peak of selective reflection) in this case occurs at the selective reflection wavelength 0 in the following equation (1).
- na V na V ⁇ p... (1
- p is the helical pitch in the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules
- na V is the average refractive index in a plane perpendicular to the helical axis.
- the wavelength bandwidth ⁇ of the selectively reflected light at this time is expressed by the following equation (2).
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- ⁇ is a birefringence value expressed as a difference between the refractive index for ordinary light and the refractive index for extraordinary light.
- the incident non-polarized light is converted to the right-handed or right-rotated light within a wavelength band ⁇ centered on the selective reflection wavelength 0 according to the polarization separation characteristics described above.
- One of the left-handed circularly polarized light components is reflected, and the other circularly polarized light component and light (non-polarized light) in a wavelength region other than the selective reflection wavelength are transmitted.
- the reflected right-handed or left-handed circularly polarized light component is reflected without reversing the direction of rotation unlike normal reflection.
- the wavelength bandwidth of visible light, for which coloring is a problem is 380 to 780 nm, so that the selective reflection wavelength of the selective reflection light due to the cholesteric regularity structure is not more than 38 O nm.
- a structure of cholesteric regularity is configured to be 780 nm or more. This makes it possible to prevent the C-plate type retardation layer 12 from exhibiting the function as a negative C-plate and prevent problems such as coloring due to reflection of incident light (visible light). It is more preferable that the selective reflection wavelength of the selective reflection light is smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, because the optical rotation is reduced.
- the retardation optical element 20 is composed of a C-plate type retardation layer 22 having a cholesteric regularity structure in a planar orientation, and a C-plate type retardation layer 22 adjacent to the C-plate type retardation layer 22. And an A-plate type retardation layer 14 having a nematic regular structure.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 22 acts as a negative C-plate similarly to the C-plate type retardation layer 12 of the retardation optical element 10 shown in FIG. It has two main surfaces (wider surfaces) 22 A and 22 B facing each other and arranged perpendicular to the direction of the normal 15.
- the direction of the director Ca of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A on the side remote from the A-plate type retardation layer 14 is substantially parallel.
- the direction (average direction) of the director Cb of the liquid crystal molecules on one surface 22 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 and the direction of the director C a of the liquid crystal molecules on the other surface 22 A (average direction) Direction) is within ⁇ 10 °, preferably within ⁇ 5 °, and more preferably within ⁇ 1 °.
- the direction of the director Ca of liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A of the plate-type retardation layer 22 on the side away from the A-plate retardation layer 14 and the A-plate retardation layer 14 The direction of the director Nb of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 B on the side remote from the C-plate type retardation layer 22 is substantially parallel to the direction.
- the angle formed by the direction b (average direction) is within ⁇ 10 °, preferably within 5 °, more preferably within ⁇ 1 °.
- the directions of the directors C a and C b of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces 22 A and 22 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 are In order to make them match exactly (that is, in parallel), the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 is set to 0.5 X integer multiple of the helical pitch p of the cholesteric regularity structure (spiral structure), and the surface 2 2 Between A and 22B, a spiral structure having a pitch number of substantially 0.5 X integer multiples is formed. By doing so, the thickness is optically divisible by half the distance of the helical pitch P of the cholesteric regularity of the liquid crystal molecules, as schematically shown in, for example, FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C). That is, the optical deviation from the simplified theoretical equation (1), particularly the disturbance of the polarization state due to the phase shift difference with respect to the incident light incident along the helical axis is suppressed.
- the phase difference optical element 20 shown in FIG. 2 is the same as the phase difference optical element 10 shown in FIG. 1 except that the configuration of the C-plate type phase difference layer acting as a negative C plate is different. Since the configuration is substantially the same as that described above, a detailed description of other configurations will be omitted.
- the material of the C-plate type retardation layers 12 and 22 of the retardation optical elements 10 and 20 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 is a three-dimensionally crosslinkable liquid crystalline monomer or liquid crystalline oligomer. (Polymerizable monomer molecules or polymerizable oligomer molecules), and polymer liquid crystals (liquid crystal polymers) that can be solidified into a glass by cooling can also be used.
- three-dimensional cross-linking means that polymerizable monomer molecules or polymerizable oligomer molecules are three-dimensionally polymerized with each other to form a network structure.
- the liquid crystal molecules can be optically fixed while maintaining the cholesteric regular structure or the nematic regular structure, and can be easily handled as an optical film. It can be a film-like film.
- liquid crystalline monomers capable of three-dimensional cross-linking
- a liquid crystalline monomer is converted into a liquid crystal phase at a predetermined temperature
- a nematic liquid crystal is obtained.
- a chiral nematic liquid crystal (cholesteric liquid crystal) can be obtained by adding a chiral agent to the liquid crystal monomer.
- liquid crystalline monomers represented by general formulas (1) to (11) can be used.
- X is preferably 2 to 5 (integer).
- chiral agent for example, it is preferable to use a chiral agent represented by any of the general formulas (12) to (14).
- X is preferably 2 to 12 (integer) in the case of the chiral agent, and X is preferably 2 to 5 (integer) in the case of the chiral agent represented by the general formula (14).
- R 4 represents hydrogen or a methyl group.
- an alignment film 17 is formed on a glass substrate or a polymer film i 6 such as a TAC (cellulose triacetate) film, and the 4
- a polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 18 having cholesteric regularity is coated, and is oriented by the orientation regulating force of the orientation film 17.
- one molecule of the polymerizable monomer (or the polymerizable oligomer molecule) 18 thus coated forms a liquid crystal layer.
- a polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 18 is formed into a liquid crystal layer at a predetermined temperature, the liquid crystal layer becomes a nematic liquid crystal.
- a chiral nematic liquid crystal (Cholesteric liquid crystal).
- the selective reflection wavelength caused by the molecular structure of the polymerizable monomer molecule or the polymerizable oligomer molecule can be controlled.
- the polymerizable monomer molecules (or polymerizable oligomer molecules) 18 are adjusted so that the selective reflection wavelength at the time of solidification thereof is in a range different from the wavelength of the incident light.
- the polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 18 may be dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or MEK to form a coating liquid, if necessary, in order to lower the viscosity so as to facilitate coating.
- a drying step is required to evaporate the solvent before three-dimensional crosslinking by irradiation of ultraviolet rays or electron beams.
- a drying step of evaporating the solvent is performed, and then, after maintaining a temperature for forming a liquid crystal layer, an alignment step of aligning the liquid crystal is performed. Good.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the polymerizable monomer molecule (or one polymerizable oligomer) 18 on the side of the alignment film 17 is As shown in FIG. 4 (C), the polymerizable monomer molecules (or polymerizable oligomer molecules) 18 were added to the photopolymerized polymer in a state where the polymer was regulated by the orientation regulating force on the surface of the orientation film 17. If the polymerization is initiated by the initiator and ultraviolet light irradiated from the outside, or by direct initiation of the polymerization by an electron beam, it is three-dimensionally crosslinked (polymerized) and solidified. A working C-plate type retardation layer 12 is formed.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 contacts the alignment film 17.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12A can be substantially matched within the contact surface.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12B on the side of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 that is separated from the alignment film 17 is substantially changed over the entire range of the surface 12B.
- the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 should be made uniform.
- the polymerizable monomer molecules (polymerizable oligomer molecules) 18 are converted to the alignment film 17.
- the second alignment film 17A is preferably peeled off from the C-plate type retardation layer 12 in a step after irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams.
- the alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 17A can be manufactured by a conventionally known method.
- the glass substrate or TAC A method of rubbing by depositing PI (polyimide) or PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) on a polymer film 16 such as an film, or forming an optical alignment film on a polymer film 16 such as a glass substrate or TAC film
- PI polyimide
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a stretched PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a polymer film (organic material) such as a TAC film is used as a base material on which the alignment film 17 is formed
- a polymer solution containing polymerizable monomer molecules (or polymerizable oligomer molecules) 18 may be used.
- a barrier layer with solvent resistance such as PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) may be provided on the polymer film, and the coating liquid may be coated thereon.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a nematic liquid crystal phase is exhibited at a predetermined temperature separately prepared directly on the C-plate type retardation layer 12 formed as described above.
- Another polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 19 having nematic regularity is coated, and is oriented by the orientation regulating force of the surface 12 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12.
- one polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 19 coated constitutes a liquid crystal layer.
- the polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 19 is, if necessary, similar to the polymerizable monomer molecule (or polymerizable oligomer molecule) 18 in order to reduce the viscosity so as to facilitate coating. It can be dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or MEK to form a coating solution. In this case, a drying step is required to evaporate the solvent before three-dimensional crosslinking by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams.
- a drying step of evaporating a solvent is performed, and then, after maintaining a temperature for forming a liquid crystal layer, an alignment step of aligning the liquid crystal is performed. Good.
- the direction of the polymer is regulated by the orientation regulating force of the surface of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 as shown in Fig. 4 (E).
- the polymer is solidified by three-dimensional crosslinking (polymerization) by using a photopolymerization initiator that has been added in advance and ultraviolet light emitted from the outside to initiate polymerization, or by directly initiating polymerization with an electron beam.
- the A-plate type retardation layer 14 serving as the A-plate as described above is formed.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 B on the side of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 that is separated from the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is defined as the entire range of the surface 14 B. In order to make them substantially coincide with each other, it is necessary to make the film thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 uniform and further make the film thickness of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 uniform.
- the phase difference layer 14 is three-dimensionally cross-linked and solidified
- the polymerizable monomer molecules (polymerizable oligomer (Molecule) 19 the surface of the side opposite to the surface 12B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is the same as the second alignment film 17A shown in Figs. 5 (C) and (D).
- the second alignment film may be provided.
- the surface 22 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 on the side away from the alignment film 17 is required.
- the direction of the director C b of the liquid crystal molecules may be matched with the direction of the director C a of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A of the C plate type retardation layer 22 on the alignment film 17 side, or the A plate type
- the direction of the director Nb of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 B on the side of the retardation layer 14 that is separated from the C-plate type retardation layer 22 is changed to the A-plate type of the C-plate type retardation layer 22. It is necessary to match the direction of the director Ca of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A on the side remote from the retardation layer 14.
- the coating is performed so that the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 is 0.5 X integer times the helical pitch in the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules. It is preferable to adjust the thickness of the liquid crystal, or to use a second alignment film 17A as shown in FIGS. 5 (C) and 5 (D).
- the second alignment layer 1 7 A is, C-plate and the alignment layer 1 7 of the retardation layer 2 2 opposite surface 2 2 B, or A pre A second 17 A is brought into contact with the surface 14 B of the 1-type retardation layer 14 opposite to the C-plate type retardation layer 22.
- the retardation optical element 10 (20) in which the C-plate type retardation layer 12 (22) and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 are laminated adjacently is manufactured.
- FIGS. 6 (A;) to (E) show the manufacturing method when a liquid crystal polymer is used as a material of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 (22) and the A-plate type retardation layer 14. explain.
- an alignment film 17 is formed on a glass substrate or a polymer film 16 such as a TAC film, and then, as shown in FIG. 6 (B).
- the liquid crystal polymer 32 having cholesteric regularity is coated and aligned by the alignment controlling force of the alignment film 17.
- the coated liquid crystal polymer 32 constitutes a liquid crystal layer.
- liquid crystal polymer 32 a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer itself having a chiral ability in the liquid crystal polymer itself may be used, or a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal polymer and a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer may be used.
- a polymer in which a mesogen group exhibiting a liquid crystal is introduced into a main chain, a side chain, or in both positions of the main chain and the side chain; a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal in which a cholesteryl group is introduced into a side chain;
- Use is made of a liquid crystalline polymer as disclosed in JP-A-9-133810, a liquid-crystalline polymer as disclosed in JP-A-11-193392, etc. be able to.
- Such a liquid crystal polymer 32 changes its state depending on the temperature. For example, when the glass transition temperature is 90 ° C. and the isotropic transition temperature is 200 ° C., 90 ° C. to 200 ° C. It exhibits a cholesteric liquid crystal state between ° C and when it is cooled to room temperature, it can be solidified into a glass while maintaining a cholesteric structure.
- the chiral power in the liquid crystal molecules is reduced by a known method. Adjust it. Also, when a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal polymer and a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer is used, the mixing ratio may be adjusted.
- the liquid crystal polymer 32 may be dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or MEK to form a coating liquid, if necessary, in order to reduce the viscosity so that coating is easy.
- a drying step for evaporating the solvent is required before cooling.
- a drying step of evaporating the solvent is performed, and then an alignment step of aligning the liquid crystal is performed.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 12 contacts the alignment film 17.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12A can be substantially matched within the contact surface.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12B on the side of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 that is separated from the alignment film 17 is substantially changed over the entire range of the surface 12B.
- the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 may be made uniform.
- a second alignment film 17A as shown in FIGS. 5 (C) and (D) may be provided on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer 32 on the side away from the alignment film 17 as well.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 12B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 can be more reliably substantially matched in the entire range of the surface 12B.
- the second alignment film 17 A may be peeled off from the C-plate type retardation layer 12 in a subsequent step after cooling.
- the alignment films 17 and Z or the second alignment film 17A those similar to the above-described first manufacturing method can be used.
- a polymer film (organic material) such as a TAC film
- the liquid crystal polymer In order to prevent the base material from being attacked by the solvent in the coating solution in which the polymer 32 is dissolved, the solvent resistance such as PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is applied on the polymer film in the same manner as in the first manufacturing method described above. It is advisable to provide a certain barrier layer and coat the coating liquid thereon.
- a nematic liquid crystal phase is exhibited at a predetermined temperature separately prepared directly on the C-plate type retardation layer 12 formed as described above.
- a liquid crystal polymer 34 having nematic regularity is coated, and the liquid crystal polymer 34 is aligned by the alignment controlling force of the surface 12 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12. At this time, the coated liquid crystal polymer 34 constitutes a liquid crystal layer.
- liquid crystal polymer 34 for example, a nematic liquid crystal polymer as described in the above-mentioned JP-A-11-293252 is used.
- Such a liquid crystal polymer 34 changes its state depending on the temperature, exhibits a nematic liquid crystal state within a predetermined temperature range, and when cooled to room temperature, can be solidified into a glass state while having a nematic structure.
- the liquid crystal polymer 34 may be dissolved in a solvent such as toluene or MEK to form a coating liquid, if necessary, as in the case of the liquid crystal polymer 32, in order to reduce the viscosity so as to facilitate coating.
- a drying step for evaporating the solvent before cooling is required.
- a drying step of evaporating the solvent is performed, and then an alignment step of aligning the liquid crystal is performed.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the liquid crystal polymer 34 on the side of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is regulated by the alignment of the surface of the C-plate type retardation layer 12.
- T g glass transition temperature
- An A-plate type retardation layer 14 acting as an A-plate is formed.
- the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 B on the side of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 that is separated from the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is 4 In order to make them substantially coincide over the entire range of B, it is necessary to make the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 uniform and further make the thickness of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 uniform.
- the second alignment film 17 A shown in FIGS. 5 (A :) to (D) is used, and the A-plate type
- the surface of the liquid crystal polymer 34 on the side away from the surface 12 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 is shown in Fig. 5 (C) (D ), A second alignment film similar to the second alignment film 17A may be provided.
- the surface 22 B of the C-plate type retardation layer 22 on the side away from the alignment film 17 is required.
- the direction of the director C b of the liquid crystal molecules may be matched with the direction of the director C a of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A of the C plate type retardation layer 22 on the alignment film 17 side, or the A plate type
- the direction of the director Nb of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 14 B on the side of the retardation layer 14 that is separated from the C-plate type retardation layer 22 is changed to the A-plate type of the C-plate type retardation layer 22. It is necessary to match the direction of the director Ca of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface 22 A on the side remote from the retardation layer 14.
- the thickness of the C-plate type retardation layer 12 and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 is applied to the liquid crystal to be coated so as to be 0.5 X integer times the helical pitch in the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules. It is advisable to adjust the thickness or use a second alignment film 17A as shown in FIGS. 5 (C) and 5 (D).
- the second alignment film 17A is used, the surface 22B opposite to the alignment film 17 in the C-plate type retardation layer 12 or the C-type in the A-plate type retardation layer 14 may be used.
- the second alignment film 17 A is brought into contact with the surface 14 B opposite to the plate-type retardation layer 12.
- the retardation optical element 10 (20) in which the C-plate type retardation layer 12 (22) and the A-plate type retardation layer 14 are laminated adjacently is manufactured.
- the cholesteric regular structure is first formed on the alignment film 17 formed on the glass substrate or the polymer film 16 such as a TAC film.
- the A-plate type retardation layer 14 having a nematic regularity structure is placed on the C-plate type retardation layer 1 2 (2 2). To form. Departure while 03 010704
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the cholesteric regularity is formed on this A-plate type retardation layer 14.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 1 2 (2 2) having the structure described above may be formed.
- a liquid crystal having cholesteric regularity is directly coated on the A-plate type retardation layer 14 and the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 side of this liquid crystal is coated.
- the liquid crystal is solidified in a state in which the direction is regulated by the alignment regulating force on the surface of the A-plate type retardation layer 14 to form the C-plate type retardation layer 12 (22).
- the other procedures and conditions in such a manufacturing method are basically the same as those in the above-described manufacturing method, and thus detailed description will be omitted.
- the retardation optical element includes one C-plate retardation layer 12 (22) and one A-plate retardation layer 1'4.
- the present invention has a two-layer structure, the present invention is not limited to this. At least one of the C-plate type retardation layer and the A-plate type retardation layer described above has two or more layers, and has three layers. The above configuration may be adopted. As a result, various types of optical compensation can be realized.
- retardation optical elements 10 and 20 can be used by being incorporated in, for example, a liquid crystal display device 60 as shown in FIG.
- the liquid crystal display device 60 shown in FIG. 7 includes a polarizing plate 102A on the incident side, a polarizing plate 102B on the emitting side, and a liquid crystal cell 104.
- the polarizing plates 102A and 102B are configured to selectively transmit only linearly polarized light having a vibration plane in a predetermined vibration direction, and the respective vibration directions are mutually reciprocal. They are arranged facing each other in a crossed Nicols state so as to be at right angles to each other.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 includes a number of cells corresponding to pixels, and is disposed between the polarizing plates 102A and 102B.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 adopts a VA method in which a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed, and the polarizing plate 102A on the incident side is used.
- the linearly polarized light passes through the liquid crystal cell 104 without phase shift and is blocked by the polarizing plate 102 B on the emission side.
- the linearly polarized light passes through the portion of the liquid crystal cell 104 in the driven state, the linearly polarized light is phase-shifted, and the amount of light corresponding to the phase shift amount is changed to the output-side polarizing plate 102.
- the light passes through B and is emitted.
- the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102B on the emission side selectively transmit light of a predetermined polarization state emitted from the liquid crystal cell 104.
- the phase difference optical element 10 (20) according to the above-described embodiment is disposed between the liquid crystal and the polarizing plate. The polarization state of light emitted in a direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal cell 104 out of the light of a predetermined polarization state emitted from the sensor 104 can be compensated.
- the C-plate type retardation layer 1 2 (22) included in the retardation optical element 10 (20) faces the liquid crystal cell 104, It is preferable that the A-plate type retardation layer 14 included in the retardation optical element 10 (20) is disposed so as to face the polarizing plate 102B side, thereby effectively achieving desired performance. Obtainable.
- the liquid crystal display device 60 As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device 60 having the above-described configuration, the liquid crystal display device 60 according to the above-described embodiment is disposed between the liquid crystal cell 104 of the liquid crystal display device 60 and the polarizing plate 102B on the emission side.
- Phase difference optical element 10 (20) according to the present embodiment and changes the polarization state of light emitted from the liquid crystal cell 104 in a direction inclined from the normal line of the liquid crystal sensor 104.
- the compensation makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of bright and dark patterns and improve the contrast in the liquid crystal display device 60 while effectively resolving the problem of viewing angle dependence, and to suppress the deterioration of display quality. Can be.
- the liquid crystal display device 60 shown in FIG. 7 is of a transmission type in which light is transmitted from one side in the thickness direction to the other side, but the embodiment is not limited to this.
- the phase difference optical element 10 (20) according to the above-described embodiment can be similarly incorporated and used in a reflective liquid crystal display device and a reflective / transmissive liquid crystal display device. Further, in the liquid crystal display device 60 shown in FIG. 7, the phase difference light according to the above-described embodiment is used.
- the optical element 10 (20) is arranged between the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102B on the output side, the phase difference optical element 10 (20) may be connected to the liquid crystal cell 104 and the input side depending on the mode of optical compensation. And the polarizing plate 102A.
- phase difference optical element 10 (20) is connected to both sides of the liquid crystal cell 104 (between the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102A on the incident side and between the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102B on the emitting side). Between them).
- the number of retardation optical elements disposed between the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102A on the incident side or between the liquid crystal cell 104 and the polarizing plate 102B on the output side is not limited to one, but may be plural. It may be.
- the phase difference optical element 10 (20) has the C-plate type phase difference layer 12 included in the phase difference optical element 10 (20) facing the liquid crystal cell 104 side, It is preferable that the A-plate type retardation layer 14 included in (20) is disposed so as to face the polarizing plate 102A or the polarizing plate 102B.
- Example 1 the thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate and the thickness of the retardation layer acting as an A plate were fixed, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface of each retardation layer was matched.
- a monomer molecule having a polymerizable acrylate at both terminals and a spacer between the mesogen at the center and the acrylate, and having a nematic isotropic transition temperature of 110 ° C (the above chemical formula (11)
- Dissolve 90 parts of a chiral agent molecule having a polymerizable atalylate at both terminals (having a molecular structure represented by the above chemical formula (14)) 90 parts
- the prepared toluene solution (chiral nematic liquid crystal solution) was prepared.
- the toluene solution described above weighed 5 weight based on the monomer molecules. / 0 photopolymerization initiator (Ciba)
- the glass substrate having such an alignment film was set on a spin coater, and a toluene solution in which the above-described monomer molecules and the like were dissolved was spin-coated under the condition that the film thickness was as constant as possible.
- the toluene in the toluene solution was evaporated at 80 ° C., and further, on the surface of the coated film opposite to the glass substrate with the alignment film (first alignment film), A glass substrate with an alignment film (a second alignment film) prepared separately was placed, and the coating film was sandwiched from both sides. At this time, the rubbing directions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film were set to coincide.
- the coating film is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the acrylate of the monomer molecule is three-dimensionally cross-linked and solidified (polymerized) by a radical generated from a photopolymerization initiator in the coating film, thereby forming a layer having a cholesteric regular structure.
- the glass substrate (second alignment film) provided with an alignment film, which was prepared separately, was peeled off.
- the thickness of the coating film was 2.0 Omil. 5%.
- the center wavelength of the selective reflection band of the coating film was 280 rim.
- the layer formed in this manner and having the cholesteric regularity structure was measured with an automatic birefringence measuring device (trade name: KOBRA (registered trademark) 21 ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments). It was confirmed that it worked as a C plate (retardation layer).
- a toluene solution (nematic liquid crystal solution) containing the same components as described above except that a chiral agent is not contained is formed on the layer having the cholesteric regularity structure formed as described above.
- Spin coating was performed under the condition that the film thickness was constant.
- the toluene in the toluene solution was evaporated at 80 ° C. to form a coating film. Further, the coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and the monomer was generated by radicals generated from a photopolymerization initiator in the coating film. Solidifies by polymerizing molecular acrylate by three-dimensional crosslinking (polymerization) Then, a layer having a nematic regular structure was formed.
- phase difference optical element in which a layer having a cholesteric regular structure and a layer having a nematic regular structure were stacked adjacent to each other was manufactured.
- the total film thickness at this time was 3.5 ⁇ ⁇ 1.5%.
- the linear polarizers 70 A and 70 B were in a crossed Nicols state, and the produced phase difference optical element 10 was interposed therebetween, and the surface was observed visually. There were very few light and dark patterns observed inside.
- Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, in Example 1, the thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate was made nonuniform, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules was disturbed.
- the spin coater has a cholesteric regularity structure Retardation optics fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the layer (the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate) was set to 2. ⁇ ⁇ 5%, and the second alignment film was not used. When the device was observed in the same manner, a clear light and dark pattern was observed in the plane.
- Example 2 in Comparative Example 1, the rubbing direction of the alignment film on which the retardation layer acting as the negative C plate was formed was made non-uniform, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules was disturbed.
- Example 2 the film thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate was kept constant, and the spiral pitch was adjusted so that the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces facing each other of the layer was adjusted. The directions were parallel.
- the thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C-plate is made such that the direction of the director at the start point and the direction of the end point of the cholesteric regularity structure becomes parallel from the refractive index of the material used.
- the linear polarizing plates 70 ⁇ and 7 OB were put in a crossed Nicols state, and the produced phase difference optical element 20 was interposed therebetween, and visually observed. There were very few light and dark patterns. Further, by rotating each of the linear polarizers 70 A and 7 OB (see FIG. 8) disposed on both sides of the manufactured retardation optical element 20, the structure of the cholesteric regularity in the retardation optical element 20 is rotated. When the angle formed by the direction of the director between the starting point and the ending point was visually observed by transmitted light intensity, it was within ⁇ 5 degrees.
- Example 2 In Comparative Example 3, in Example 2, the thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate was made non-uniform, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules was disturbed. That is, the thickness of the layer having a cholesteric regularity structure (retardation layer acting as a negative C plate) is changed to 2.0 ⁇ ⁇ 5% by changing the conditions of the spin coater.
- the retardation optical element produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the alignment film was not used was observed in the same manner, a clear light and dark pattern was observed in the plane.
- Example 3 a liquid crystal polymer was used as the material of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate and the retardation layer acting as a ⁇ plate, and the thicknesses of the retardation layers were fixed. The direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules on the surface was matched.
- a toluene solution (polymer cholesteric liquid crystal solution) in which an acryl-based side chain liquid crystal polymer having a glass transition temperature of 80 ° C and an isotropic transition temperature of 200 ° C was prepared.
- polymer cholesteric liquid crystal thus obtained, it has been confirmed that the directors of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees in the rubbing direction on the alignment film.
- polyimide (Optoma-1 (registered trademark) AL1254 manufactured by JSR Corporation) dissolved in a solvent is spin-coated on a transparent glass substrate by a spin coater, dried, and dried at 200 ° C. Films were formed (thickness: 0.1 m) and rubbed in a certain direction to function as an alignment film.
- the glass substrate provided with such an alignment film was set on a spin coater, and a toluene solution in which the liquid crystal polymer was dissolved was spin-coated under the condition that the film thickness was as constant as possible.
- the toluene in the toluene solution was evaporated at 90 ° C., and the coated film was further coated on the surface on the side opposite to the glass substrate with the alignment film (first alignment film).
- a glass substrate with an alignment film (a second alignment film) prepared separately was placed, and the coating film was sandwiched from both sides. At this time, the rubbing directions of the first alignment film and the second alignment film were made to coincide.
- the coating film was kept at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes, and it was visually confirmed that a cholesteric phase was exhibited by selective reflection. Further, the coating film is cooled to room temperature to solidify the liquid crystal polymer into a glass state, thereby forming a layer having a cholesteric regular structure. did. At this time, the glass substrate provided with the alignment film (second alignment film) prepared separately was peeled off. At this time, the thickness of the coating film was 2.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1.5%. In addition, as measured by a spectrophotometer, the center wavelength of the selective reflection band of the coating film was 280 nm.
- the layer having the cholesteric regularity structure formed as described above was measured with an automatic birefringence measuring device (trade name: KOBRA (registered trademark) 21ADH, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). (A retardation layer).
- a toluene solution containing a nematic liquid crystal polymer (polymer nematic liquid crystal solution) is applied on the layer having the cholesteric regularity structure formed as described above so that the film thickness becomes as uniform as possible.
- Spin coating was performed under the conditions. Then, after evaporating the toluene in the toluene solution at 90 ° C., the coating film thus obtained was cooled to room temperature to solidify the liquid crystal polymer into a glassy state, and the nematic regular structure was obtained. Having a layer.
- a retardation optical element in which a layer having a cholesteric regular structure and a layer having a nematic regular structure were stacked adjacent to each other was manufactured.
- the total film thickness at this time was 3.5 xm ⁇ 1.5%.
- the cross sections of a layer having a cholesteric regular structure (a retardation layer acting as a negative C plate) and a layer having a nematic regular structure (a retardation layer acting as an A plate) are observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- the light and dark patterns in the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate were parallel to each other. (From this, the direction of the helical axis was the same in the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate.) You can see).
- there was no light and dark pattern in the retardation layer acting as the A-plate this indicates that the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules coincide in the retardation layer acting as the A-plate).
- the contrast of the two main surfaces of the retardation layer was the same, and the contrast of the two main surfaces of the retardation layer acting as a negative C-plate was also consistent (therefore, acting as the A-plate).
- the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces of the retardation layer match, and the directions of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on the two main surfaces of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate also match You can see).
- Example 3 In Comparative Example 4, in Example 3, the thickness of the retardation layer acting as a negative C plate was made non-uniform, and the direction of the director of the liquid crystal molecules was disturbed.
- the thickness of the layer having a cholesteric regular structure (a retardation layer acting as a negative C plate) is set to 2.0 im ⁇ 5%, and the second orientation is adjusted.
- the retardation optical element produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the film was not used was observed in the same manner, a clear light and dark pattern was observed in the plane.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/499,906 US7359018B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-25 | Retardation optical element, process of producing the same, and liquid crystal display |
| AU2003257689A AU2003257689A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-25 | Retardation optical device, its manufacturing method, and liquid crystal display |
| KR1020047011873A KR100744818B1 (ko) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-25 | 위상차 광학소자와 그 제조방법 및 액정표시장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002245675 | 2002-08-26 | ||
| JP2002-245675 | 2002-08-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004019085A1 true WO2004019085A1 (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
Family
ID=31944197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/010704 Ceased WO2004019085A1 (ja) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-25 | 位相差光学素子、その製造方法及び液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7359018B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100744818B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003257689A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004019085A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7602462B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-10-13 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Polarizing element, liquid crystal panel, liquid crystal television, and liquid crystal display apparatus |
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| US20130258250A1 (en) * | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Display panel and display apparatus having the same |
| CN104345370B (zh) * | 2013-08-09 | 2018-08-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学膜 |
| KR102368381B1 (ko) * | 2013-08-09 | 2022-02-28 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 광학 필름 |
| KR101717419B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-03-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 광학 필름 |
| KR102126051B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-06-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 액정 위상차 필름, 이를 포함하는 발광표시장치용 편광판 및 이를 포함하는 발광표시장치 |
| JP6605682B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-11-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 円偏光板 |
| US10394080B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-08-27 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Wideband compensation stack film and optical element using the same |
| CN109270739A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-25 | 河北工业大学 | 一种相位延迟片 |
| CN112285977B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-02 | 北京瑞波科技术有限公司 | 一种位相延迟装置及其制备方法、显示设备 |
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- 2003-08-25 WO PCT/JP2003/010704 patent/WO2004019085A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-25 AU AU2003257689A patent/AU2003257689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-25 US US10/499,906 patent/US7359018B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-25 KR KR1020047011873A patent/KR100744818B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| EP0884626A2 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-12-16 | Fujitsu Limited | Vertically-aligned (VA) liquid crystal display device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7359018B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
| KR20050008646A (ko) | 2005-01-21 |
| US20050213023A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
| KR100744818B1 (ko) | 2007-08-01 |
| AU2003257689A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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