A RISER TENSIONING DEVICE
This invention regards a tensioning device for a riser of the type used in offshore petroleum exploration and production. More particularly, it concerns a two-part riser tensioning device that, in addition to maintaining tension in the riser, is arranged to compensate for relative movements occurring between a riser-supporting vessel or rig and the seabed.
During petroleum exploration, production and maintenance of wells offshore, it is common, at least for periods of a well's lifetime, to provide the well with a connecting pipe, a so-called riser, rising from a wellhead valve at the seabed and up to a vessel on surface. The riser constitutes a conduit for insertion of tools and instruments, and also a fluid connection for communication between the vessel and the well.
The slim design of the riser requires that tension be maintained in the riser, the tension being arranged to
prevent the riser from buckling due to its own weight and the existing natural forces to which it is exposed to.
According to prior art, the tension in the riser is maintained by means of so-called jig winches that may be placed on the working deck of the vessel. A wire connects each of the jig winches with the upper end portion of the riser. Due to the coarse dimension of the wire, hence relatively large wire sheave diameter, the jig winch arrangement occupies considerable space on the vessel.
It is also known to connect the upper end portion of the riser to the vessel by means of a plurality of relatively long hydraulic cylinders. At one end portion thereof, the cylinders are connected to the vessel structure, and at the other end portion thereof, they are connected to the riser, normally by means of a coupling pivotal about the riser. Via a valve system, the pressure sides of the cylinders communicate with a gas-filled accumulator, whereby the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders may be displaced in the cylinders without causing significant pressure change in the pressurized fluid of the cylinders.
In order to compensate for the vessel movements that may occur, hydraulic cylinders of this type have a substantial overall length. Thus, the cylinders take up a substantial portion of the distance from the sea surface up to the working deck of the vessel. In order to support the relatively large forces occurring, the vessel structure must be reinforced in the area where the cylinders are connected to the vessel. Due to the large overall height, the connection between the cylinders and the riser must be placed
at a level of height causing it to occasionally be submerged. Obviously, such a connection position of the cylinders to the riser complicates maintenance and replacement of cylinders and connected equipment.
The object of the invention is to remedy the disadvantages of the prior art.
According to the invention, the object is achieved through the features disclosed in the description below and in the following patent claims.
By distributing the required displacement length between the riser and the vessel over two sets of hydraulic cylinders, the overall height of the riser tensioning device may be reduced considerably. A first set of hydraulic cylinders, hereinafter denoted tubular cylinders, are each connected to the riser in a manner known per se and by means of a coupling ring pivotal about the riser. The cylinder housings of the tubular cylinders are pivotally connected to a displaceable intermediate frame. During normal operation, the intermediate frame is displaceably connected to the vessel, preferably by means of guides. Moreover, the intermediate frame may be provided with devices for suspending it from the vessel structure .
In a second set of hydraulic cylinders, hereinafter denoted frame cylinders, each cylinder extends between the vessel structure and the intermediate frame. The frame cylinders are arranged to displace the intermediate frame vertically with respect to the vessel.
In a preferred embodiment, in which the tubular cylinders are formed as tension cylinders while the frame cylinders are formed as pressure cylinders, the cylinder housings of the frame cylinders may be connected to the vessel relatively low in the vessel structure. Vessels used for this type of operation are normally arranged to enable support of relatively large forces at its lower deck portions. Thus, each of the frame cylinders projects from its respective fixing point in the vessel and up to the intermediate frame.
The intermediate frame is displaceable from a lower position, in which the pistons rods of the frame cylinders are fully retracted, to an upper position, in which the piston rods of the frame cylinders are fully extended.
At one end portion thereof, the tubular cylinders are connected to the intermediate frame, preferably at the side portions of the frame, and the tubular cylinders thus project slantingly downwards and in towards the riser, where they, in a known manner, are pivotally connected to the riser by means of a coupling ring.
When the piston rods of the tubular cylinders are fully extended and the piston rods of the frame cylinders are fully retracted, the coupling ring is at its lowest level of height relative to the vessel, while being at its highest level of height relative to the vessel when the piston rods of the tubular cylinders are fully retracted and the piston rods of the frame cylinders are fully extended.
Preferably, each of the tubular- and frame cylinders is connected to their own accumulator battery. During heave
movements of the vessel, the pressure in the respective accumulator batteries will control whether the piston rods of the tubular- or frame cylinders are to be displaced, or whether the displacement is to be distributed on both cylinder groups.
According to techniques known per se, each cylinder may be controlled individually by means of valves. Thus, and for safety reasons, it is possible to construct the riser tensioning device with one redundant tubular cylinder and one redundant frame cylinder. The individual control of the tubular cylinders allows controlled positioning of the riser in the horizontal plane relative to the- vessel by regulating the tension in the individual tubular cylinders.
Weather permitting, the intermediate frame advantageously may be suspended from the vessel structure during installation- and maintenance work. In this context, the vessel structure refers to the supporting steel structure of the vessel.
During lowering of for example wellhead valves, and in order to free up required space, the intermediate frame may be displaced laterally by disconnecting the frame cylinders if sufficient space is available in the moon pool of the vessel.
Each tubular- and frame cylinder may consist of several interconnected cylinders. The cylinder housings of the cylinders may be supported anywhere along the cylinder structure. Principally, it makes no difference whether they are installed in a manner allowing downwards or upwards displacement of their piston rods.
Relative to the prior art, the riser tensioning device according to the invention substantially reduces the required overall height, and it provides for a substantial simplification of maintenance work carried out on the components included in the riser tensioning device.
In the following, a non-limiting example of a preferred embodiment is described, the example being illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a principle drawing of the riser tensioning device in operation on a vessel;
Figure 2 shows, in perspective view, the main components included in the riser tensioning device;
Figure 3 shows a side view of the riser tensioning device in a submerged position;
Figure 4 shows a side view of the riser tensioning device in a raised position, in which the intermediate frame is suspended from the vessel structure;
Figure 5 shows a side view of the riser tensioning device in an intermediate position;
Figure 6 shows a plan view IV- V of the riser tensioning device; and
Figure 7 shows a side view of the riser tensioning device according to an alternative embodiment thereof.
In the drawings, reference number 1 denotes a riser tensioning device connected to a vessel 2 and comprising a plurality of frame cylinders 4, an intermediate frame 6 and a plurality of tubular cylinders 8.
A cylinder housing 10 of each frame cylinder 4 is connected to the structure of the vessel 2 by means of a housing bearing 12. A piston rod 14 of each frame cylinder 4 is connected to the intermediate frame 6 by means of a piston rod fastener 16.
The intermediate frame 6 is consists of a frame structure, or possibly of mutually releasable frame portions, in which the intermediate frame 6 is provided with four guide bearings 18 arranged to be displaceable together with the intermediate frame 6 along guides 20 provided in the vessel 2 structure.
Further, the intermediate frame 6 is provided with a suspension mechanism 22 in the form of displaceable elements 23. When engaging the structure of the vessel 2, the suspension mechanism 22 is arranged to suspend the intermediate frame 6. Having disconnected the frame cylinders 4 , the intermediate frame 6 is displaceable horizontally relative to the structure of the vessel 2.
At its upper end portion, the cylinder housing 24 of each tubular cylinder 8 is articulately connected to the intermediate frame 6 by means of a housing bearing 26. Via a piston rod fastener 30, a piston rod 28 of each tubular cylinder 8 is connected to a coupling ring 32, in which the coupling ring 32 is connected to a riser 34, the coupling ring being pivotal about the central axis of the riser 34.
Via common and individual control valves 36 according to techniques known per se, the frame cylinders 4 are connected to an accumulator group 38. Similarly, the tubular cylinders 8 are connected to an accumulator group 40 via control valves 42.
According to the design of the guide bearings 18 and the guides 20, the housing bearing 12 may be fixed or pivotal.
In operation, the tension in the riser 34 is ensured by hydraulic fluid from the accumulator battery 38 maintaining a hydraulic pressure in the pressure chamber of the frame cylinders 4, while the accumulator battery 40 maintains a hydraulic pressure in the pressure chamber of the tubular cylinders 8.
When the vessel moves relative to the riser 34, thus giving rise to relative motion, the tension in the riser is maintained by hydraulic fluid flowing into or out of the pressure chamber of the frame cylinders 4 and to/from the accumulator group 38, and/or by hydraulic fluid flowing into or out of the pressure chamber of the tubular cylinders 8 and to/from the accumulator group 40. Displacement of the intermediate frame 6 along the guides 20 depends on which set of cylinders 4, 8 is taking up the existing displacement.
In the same manner as the tubular cylinders 8 are arranged to operate independent of the frame cylinders 4, the frame cylinders 4 thus are arranged to operate independent of the tubular cylinders 8.
As shown in figure 4, the intermediate frame 6 may be suspended from the vessel structure by means of the suspension mechanism 22. Thus, the frame cylinders 4 are relieved, providing for relatively easy maintenance or replacement thereof.
Should space be available, it is possible to displace the intermediate frame 6 horizontally relative to the structure of the vessel 2.
In an alternative embodiment, see figure 7, the intermediate frame 6 is arranged to be displaced without being- guided in the horizontal direction by guides.
Relative to the prior art, the device according to the invention exhibits a considerably smaller overall height and causes the loads from the riser 34 to be supported by a relatively sturdy portion of the vessel 2, and not by the working deck 44 of the vessel 2, as is common in the prior art.