WO2004005675A2 - Method and device for regulating the rotational speed of a turbine connected to an electric power supply mains by means of a generator - Google Patents
Method and device for regulating the rotational speed of a turbine connected to an electric power supply mains by means of a generator Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004005675A2 WO2004005675A2 PCT/DE2003/002169 DE0302169W WO2004005675A2 WO 2004005675 A2 WO2004005675 A2 WO 2004005675A2 DE 0302169 W DE0302169 W DE 0302169W WO 2004005675 A2 WO2004005675 A2 WO 2004005675A2
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- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- speed
- valve
- control
- turbine valve
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
- F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
- F01D17/24—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical electrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
- F01D17/04—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
- F01D17/06—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
- F01D17/145—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path by means of valves, e.g. for steam turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/148—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of rotatable members, e.g. butterfly valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/02—Shutting-down responsive to overspeed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
- F05D2270/021—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/04—Purpose of the control system to control acceleration (u)
- F05D2270/042—Purpose of the control system to control acceleration (u) by keeping it below damagingly high values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/05—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05D2270/053—Explicitly mentioned power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
- F05D2270/091—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/301—Pressure
- F05D2270/3011—Inlet pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for speed control of a turbine.
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of the regulation of non-electrical variables, in particular to the devices for regulating the turbine speed, and is intended to prevent the expansion of dangerous situations in energy systems.
- An electrical energy supply network for supplying a larger area with electrical energy is usually formed by the interconnection of a number of power plants, so that even in the event of high demand for power from consumers connected to the energy supply network, the supply of electrical energy is secured without the energy supply network as a result of Overload breaks down.
- such an electrical energy supply network can also break down, for example as a result of short circuits in one or more sections of the energy supply network, since in particular the high short-circuit currents occurring in the event of such short circuits could overload the power plants connected to the energy supply network.
- Each disconnection of a turbine means a loss of electrical power, which can currently be made available by the energy supply network.
- the more and the more powerful power plants are interconnected to form an energy supply network the greater the security of supply of the energy supply network, since individual faults hardly lead to the turbine being disconnected from the energy supply network.
- the method closest to the proposed method is a steam turbine protection method for hazardous situations, which consists in measuring the quantity to be checked, comparing it with the predetermined setpoint and generating a signal which acts on an actuating unit, and a Protection system that includes a measuring device, a comparison device and an actuating unit (Patent RF No. 2062330, Class F01D 21/02, 1996).
- the known steam turbine protection method and the known protection system have limited functional possibilities, since these do not take into account the speed with which the size to be controlled changes, which can lead to a reduction in the protection reliability.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for regulating the speed of a turbine which is connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator and which offer particularly great security of supply.
- the object is achieved by a method for regulating the speed of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator with the following steps:
- the speed of the turbine is related to the current operating load, which results after the load change, regulated by means of a control intervention on the at least one turbine valve.
- the method according to the invention is intended in particular to prevent a load shedding during operation of the turbine, in particular a sudden partial load shedding due to a fault in the electrical power supply network, leading to a desynchronization and thus to a total load shedding and rapid shutdown of the turbine.
- the turbine valve can, for example, be a live steam valve of the turbine, by means of which the operating steam generated by a steam generator is fed to the turbine.
- the speed of the turbine can then be regulated in accordance with the new operating situation after load shedding, for example by means of a turbine regulator which acts on the at least one turbine valve.
- the at least one turbine valve is briefly closed by means of the control intervention.
- the short-term throttling of the turbine valve is maximum and therefore effectively counteracts in particular a partial load shedding with a very high rate of change.
- subsequent operating cases of the turbine can be controlled particularly well, in which a very fast and very large partial load shedding takes place.
- control intervention on the at least one turbine valve is carried out by means of at least two control signals, with actuation in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve by means of a first control signal and actuation by means of a second control signal of the at least two control signals is achievable in the direction of the closed position of the turbine valve.
- the control signals preferably each include the output of an electrical current, in particular with a current between 0 mA and 20 mA, the current electrical current currently output being a measure of the degree of opening or closing of the turbine valve.
- the turbine valve is controlled by means of second current signals as control signals, the entire opening and closing range of the turbine valve being mapped to a current range between 0 and 20 mA.
- a number of suitable modules are available for outputting such current signals.
- the current signals are each fed to a signal amplifier module, which then provides the required power signal for actuating the turbine valve.
- the method according to the invention is preferably carried out by means of a cyclically operating digital computing device, in particular a programmable logic controller.
- Such computing devices are available in a wide variety of configurations and, because of their mostly modular structure, can be upgraded in a simple manner to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the object according to the invention is also achieved by a further method according to the invention.
- two control signals can be generated per turbine valve, one of which changes the position of a turbine valve in the “OPEN” direction and the other in the “CLOSE” direction 1 , the generated control signal and the speed at which the speed of the turbine shaft changes being proportional to one another , and it is a current with a strength of 0 to 20 mA, which determines the degree of opening nens or the closing of turbine valves.
- a digital control signal can be generated which will ensure operation with digital computing equipment.
- the object is achieved by a device for speed control of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator, with the following components:
- a calculation unit by means of which a load change speed of a detected load change can be calculated
- a actuating unit by means of which, in the event of a load change speed in the direction of a smaller load, which is greater in amount than a predetermined maximum load change speed, at least one turbine valve can be actuated briefly in the direction of its closed position is and
- a computing unit by means of which at least two control signals for setting the at least one turbine valve can be generated, actuation in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve by means of a first control signal and actuation in the direction of the closed position by means of a second control signal of the at least two control signals of the turbine valve can be achieved.
- Actuating unit in the event of excessive load change speed for example as a result of a sudden partial load shedding, the at least one turbine valve immediately throttled, possibly even briefly closed, so that an impending desynchronization and / or a rapid shutdown of the turbine is prevented.
- the control unit provides two control signals for actuating the at least one turbine valve, a first of these at least two control signals only acts in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve and a second of these at least two control signals only acts in the direction of the closed position of the turbine valve. In this way, the position of the turbine valve can be regulated particularly well during the operation of the turbine.
- a turbine control program for example, can be implemented in the computing unit to generate the above-mentioned control signals, the speed of the turbine being regulated to a desired speed value by means of the control signals.
- control signals each include the output of an electrical current, in particular with a current strength between 0 mA and 20 mA, the current electrical current output in each case being a measure of the degree of opening or closing of the turbine valve.
- the device is particularly advantageously a programmable logic controller.
- the object of the invention is achieved with respect to the device by a further device.
- this device for speed control of a turbine connected by means of a generator to an electrical power supply network which contains a unit for receiving a signal proportional to the generator power and the limit signal of the turbine shaft speed, the outputs of which are connected to the unit for generating a control signal, which have two outputs has: output for the actual speed and output for the actual speed, the values of which are in the specified speed range, a processor is integrated, which outputs a signal when the nominal speed is temporarily changed and a signal when the setpoint is exceeded.
- the maximum temporary speed change is generated, connected to the input of a unit for generating a control action, the second input of which is connected to the setpoint generator for the permissible rate of change of the turbine shaft speed and the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the turbine valves, one of which is the turbine valve in the “OPEN” direction and the other in the “CLOSE” direction, the unit for generating a control action with a current output at which the current value and the rate of change of the turbine shaft speed are proportional to one another, or is designed in the form of a programmable control unit.
- FIG. 2 shows a further device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for controlling the speed of a turbine 3 which is connected to an electrical energy supply network by means of a generator 5.
- the device 1 comprises a sensor unit 7 which is connected, for example, to a process control device 25 of the turbine in order to detect a load change of the turbine and from which it receives current operating data of the turbine.
- a calculation unit 9 serves to calculate the current load change speed 10 of the detected load change. If the load change speed 10 calculated by means of the calculation unit 9 is greater in magnitude than a predetermined maximum load change speed 13, a turbine valve 15 of the turbine 3 is throttled briefly, in particular briefly closed, by means of an actuating unit 11.
- the speed of the turbine 3 is regulated according to the new load situation after the partial load shedding by means of a computing unit 17.
- the arithmetic unit 17 continuously operates the turbine valve 15 by means of two control signals 19, 21 during the operation of the turbine 3, with an actuation of the turbine valve 15 in the direction of its open position by means of a first control signal 19 and an actuation of the door by means of the second control signal 21 Line valve 15 in the direction of its closed position can be achieved.
- the setting unit 11 and the computing unit 17 can be implemented together, for example by means of an electronic circuit.
- the second actuating signal 21 for actuating the turbine valve 15 in the direction of its closed position can also be used for briefly throttling the turbine valve 15 according to the invention by means of the actuating unit 11; however, it is also possible to provide separate signals for this.
- a device 1 according to the invention is preferably implemented by means of a programmable logic controller.
- Analog signals are preferably processed with a cycle time of approximately 13 ms.
- the brief throttling of the turbine valve 15 advantageously takes place about 6.5 ms after the maximum load change speed 13 has been exceeded.
- FIG. 2 shows a sketch of the device for regulating the turbine speed.
- the device for regulating the turbine speed includes the unit 30 for specifying the load change of the turbine 32, the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed, the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 of the turbine 32, the processor 40, which Signal for the load change speed generated, connected between the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed and the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38, a unit 42 for specifying the permissible load change speed, connected to the second input of the device 36 for generating of the control signal to the valves 38, the device 36 having two outputs which are connected to the inputs for controlling the position of the valves 38 on the turbine, one of which at least one of the valves 38 in the “ CLOSE ⁇ direction and the other of these Valve influenced in the "OPEN *" direction.
- the essence of the method is that the turbine load change is constantly monitored during turbine operation. If a change in load is determined, the speed at which the load changes is determined and this is then compared with the maximum permissible, the direction of the load change being checked. If the change in load is in the direction of reduction, at least one turbine valve is controlled in the “CLOSED” direction by means of control action, the turbine speed being set to the nominal load.
- the turbine speed control device operates as described below.
- the device is implemented on the basis of a processor 40 which operates according to a program loaded in its memory and which ensures the regulation of the turbine speed in accordance with the change in turbine load by leading it to the nominal value.
- the load change is determined by the unit 30 for specifying the load change, on the signal of which via turbine load change the processor 40 calculates the load change speed; when the maximum permissible value is exceeded, the unit 36 for generating the control signal generates one of the control signals to the valve 38 of the turbine 32.
- the device 30 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 In the event of a signal coming from the device 30 about a change in load in the direction of increase, the device 30 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 generates a signal for closing the valve 38.
- the turbine valve 38 can be installed, for example, in the steam supply duct of the turbine and the steam can be guided into the turbine from the steam generator by means of this valve. After a brief change in the valve position, the turbine speed can be regulated in accordance with the newly created operating situation.
- At least one turbine valve changes its state as a result of the control action.
- the control signals can be in the form of electrical current signals, in particular with a current of 0 to 20 mA, depending on the value of the control deviation signal.
- Modules are used to output current signals.
- the regulation of the turbine shaft speed can be carried out with the help of cyclically running digital equipment.
- a device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 and a corresponding method can be summarized as follows:
- the invention is aimed at expanding the functional possibilities by detecting the speed at which the value to be controlled changes when regulating the speed, which leads to an increase in the reliability of protection in dangerous situations.
- the process for controlling the speed of a turbine shaft connected to an electrical power supply system by means of a generator is based on measuring the speed and comparing it with the nominal speed, monitoring the value and the direction in which the measured speed deviates from the nominal speed, based on continuous calculation the speed at which the turbine shaft speed changes, and the comparison of this with the target value, the position of at least one turbine valve being changed by the control signal.
- the generated control signal and the speed at which the speed of the turbine shaft changes are proportional to one another, and the control signal is a current with a strength of 0 to 20 mA or a digital control signal that allows operation with digital Ensure computing equipment.
- the device for regulating the turbine speed includes the unit 30 for specifying the load change of the turbine 32, the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed, the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 of the turbine 32, the processor 40 for calculating the Load change rate, connected between the sensor 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed and the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38, a unit 42 for specifying the permissible load change rate, connected to the second input of the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 , the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 has two outputs which are connected to the inputs for controlling the position of turbine valves 38, one of which the turbine valve in the "CLOSED * direction and the other in the" OPEN * direction affected.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels eines Generators an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten TurbineMethod and device for controlling the speed of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer Turbine.The invention relates to a method and a device for speed control of a turbine.
Die vorliegende Erfindung gehört zum technischen Bereich der Regelung nichtelektrischer Größen, insbesondere zu den Vorrichtungen zum Regeln der Turbinendrehzahl, und ist dazu bestimmt, der Ausweitung von Gefahrensituationen in Energiesystemen vorzubeugen.The present invention belongs to the technical field of the regulation of non-electrical variables, in particular to the devices for regulating the turbine speed, and is intended to prevent the expansion of dangerous situations in energy systems.
Ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz zur Versorgung eines größeren Gebiets mit elektrischer Energie ist meist gebildet durch die Zusammenschaltung einer Anzahl an Kraftwerken, so dass auch im Falle einer hohen Leistungsnachfrage von an das Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Verbrauchern die Versorgung mit elektrischer Energie gesichert ist, ohne dass das Energieversorgungsnetz infolge einer Überlastung zusammenbricht.An electrical energy supply network for supplying a larger area with electrical energy is usually formed by the interconnection of a number of power plants, so that even in the event of high demand for power from consumers connected to the energy supply network, the supply of electrical energy is secured without the energy supply network as a result of Overload breaks down.
Ferner kann ein derartiges elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz kann auch beispielsweise infolge von Kurzschlüssen in einem oder mehreren Abschnitten des Energieversorgungsnetzes zusammenbrechen, da insbesondere die bei derartigen Kurzschlüssen auftretenden hohen Kurzschlussströme die an das E- nergieversorgungsnetz geschalteten Kraftwerke überlasten könnten.Furthermore, such an electrical energy supply network can also break down, for example as a result of short circuits in one or more sections of the energy supply network, since in particular the high short-circuit currents occurring in the event of such short circuits could overload the power plants connected to the energy supply network.
In derartigen Störungssituationen ist es meist erforderlich, zumindest einen Teil der Verbraucher und/oder Teile der Versorgungsleitungen des elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzes abzuschalten, um einen vollständigen Zusammenbruch des Energieversorgungsnetzes zu verhindern. In vielen Störungsfällen werden in einem oder mehreren Kraftwerken des Energieversorgungsnetzes aus Sicherheitsgründen Turbinen meist automatisch vom Energieversorgungsnetz abge- trennt und damit entsynchronisiert, insbesondere, um nach einem plötzlichen Teillastabwurf sich einstellende und ggf. nicht abklingende Überdrehzahlen (=Durchgehen der Turbine) zu verhindern. Jedes Abtrennen einer Turbine bedeutet eine Einbuße an elektrischer Leistung, welche vom Energieversorgungs- netzwerk momentan zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.In such fault situations, it is usually necessary to switch off at least some of the consumers and / or some of the supply lines of the electrical power supply network in order to prevent the power supply network from completely collapsing. In many malfunctions, turbines are usually automatically disconnected from the power supply network in one or more power plants in the power supply network for safety reasons and thus desynchronized, in particular in order to prevent overspeeds from occurring and possibly not decaying after a sudden partial load shedding (= turbine runaway). Each disconnection of a turbine means a loss of electrical power, which can currently be made available by the energy supply network.
Umso mehr und umso leistungsstärkere Kraftwerke zu einem E- nergieversorgungsnetz zusammengeschaltet sind, desto größer ist die Versorgungssicherheit des Energieversorgungsnetzes, da einzelne Störungen kaum zum Abtrennen von Turbinen vom E- nergieversorgungsnetz führen.The more and the more powerful power plants are interconnected to form an energy supply network, the greater the security of supply of the energy supply network, since individual faults hardly lead to the turbine being disconnected from the energy supply network.
Dagegen wirken sich oben genannte Störungen in wenig ver- maschten Energieversorgungsnetzen, bei welchen nur eine eher kleine Anzahl an Kraftwerken zusammen geschaltet sind, zu häufigen Ausfällen derartiger Energieversorgungsnetze oder zumindest von Teilen davon.In contrast, the above-mentioned faults in poorly meshed energy supply networks, in which only a rather small number of power plants are connected together, lead to frequent failures of such energy supply networks or at least parts thereof.
Bekannt ist ein Verfahren zum Stabilisieren des Turbogenera- torbetriebes in Gefahrensituationen (Patent PF Nr. 2016460, Klasse H02J 3/24, 1991) , das auf der Messung der Leistungsdifferenz von Turbine und Generator und darauf beruht, Signale zu erzeugen, welche die Turbinenlaständerung beeinflussen.A method for stabilizing the operation of the turbine generator in hazardous situations is known (patent PF No. 2016460, class H02J 3/24, 1991), which is based on the measurement of the power difference between the turbine and generator and on generating signals which influence the change in turbine load ,
Dieses Verfahren gewährleistet keine ausreichende Regelgenauigkeit .This procedure does not guarantee sufficient control accuracy.
Dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren am nächsten kommt ein Dampftur- binenschutzverfahren für Gefahrensituationen, das darin be- steht, die zu kontrollierende Größe zu messen, diese mit dem vorab vorgegebenen Sollwert zu vergleichen und ein Signal zu erzeugen, welches auf eine Stelleinheit einwirkt, sowie ein Schutzsystem, das eine Messvorrichtung, eine Vergleichseinrichtung und eine Stelleinheit enthält (Patent RF Nr. 2062330, Klasse F01D 21/02, 1996) .The method closest to the proposed method is a steam turbine protection method for hazardous situations, which consists in measuring the quantity to be checked, comparing it with the predetermined setpoint and generating a signal which acts on an actuating unit, and a Protection system that includes a measuring device, a comparison device and an actuating unit (Patent RF No. 2062330, Class F01D 21/02, 1996).
Dieses Verfahren und diese Vorrichtung können für die vorliegende Erfindung als nächstliegender Stand der Technik betrachtet werden.This method and apparatus can be considered the closest prior art for the present invention.
Das bekannte Dampfturbinenschutzverfahren sowie das bekannte Schutzsystem haben begrenzte funktionelle Möglichkeiten, da diese die Geschwindigkeit nicht berücksichtigen, mit der sich die zu kontrollierende Größe verändert, was zur Verringerung der Schutzzuverlässigkeit führen kann.The known steam turbine protection method and the known protection system have limited functional possibilities, since these do not take into account the speed with which the size to be controlled changes, which can lead to a reduction in the protection reliability.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels eines Generators an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbine anzugeben, welche eine besonders große Versorgungssicherheit bieten.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for regulating the speed of a turbine which is connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator and which offer particularly great security of supply.
Bezüglich des Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels eines Generators an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbine mit folgenden Schritten:With regard to the method, the object is achieved by a method for regulating the speed of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator with the following steps:
1. Während des Betriebs der Turbine wird laufend ermittelt, ob ein Lastwechsel der Turbine stattfindet,1. During the operation of the turbine, it is continuously determined whether a load change of the turbine is taking place,
2. falls ein Lastwechsel ermittelt wird, wird dessen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit ermittelt, 3. falls die Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit betragsmäßig größer ist als eine vorgegebene Maximai-Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit und der Lastwechsel in Richtung einer kleineren Last stattfindet, wird mittels eines Stelleingriffs mindestens ein Turbinenventil (15) kurzzeitig in Richtung seiner Schließposition betätigt, und2. if a load change is determined, its load change speed is determined, 3. if the load change speed is greater in amount than a predetermined maximum load change speed and the load change takes place in the direction of a smaller load, at least one turbine valve (15) is briefly moved in the direction by means of an actuating intervention actuated its closed position, and
4. die Drehzahl der Turbine wird bezogen auf die aktuelle Betriebslast, welche sich nach dem Lastwechsel ergibt, mittels eines Regeleingriffs auf das mindestens eine Turbinenventil geregelt.4. The speed of the turbine is related to the current operating load, which results after the load change, regulated by means of a control intervention on the at least one turbine valve.
Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens soll insbesondere verhindert werden, dass ein Lastabwurf während des Betriebs der Turbine, insbesondere ein plötzlicher Teillastabwurf infolge einer Störung des elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzes, zu einer Entsynchronisierung und damit zu einem totalen Lastabwurf und Schnellschluss der Turbine führt.The method according to the invention is intended in particular to prevent a load shedding during operation of the turbine, in particular a sudden partial load shedding due to a fault in the electrical power supply network, leading to a desynchronization and thus to a total load shedding and rapid shutdown of the turbine.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist deshalb vorgesehen, während des Betriebs der Turbine etwaige Lastwechsel und die dabei auftretenden Laständerungsgeschwindigkeiten zu erfassen und bei einer zu hohen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit bei einem Teillastabwurf schnell auf das Turbinenventil einzuwirken und dieses kurzzeitig anzudrosseln, ggf. kurzzeitig ganz zu schließen.In the method according to the invention, it is therefore provided to detect any load changes and the load change speeds that occur during the operation of the turbine and to act quickly on the turbine valve if the load change speed is too high during partial load shedding and to throttle it briefly, if necessary to close it completely.
Damit wird eine drohende Entsynchronisierung der Turbine ver- hindert, welche insbesondere nach einem plötzlichen Teillastabwurf infolge eines sich einstellenden Betriebs mit Überdrehzahl droht. Das kurzzeitige Androsseln des Turbinenventils verhindert ein gefährliches Durchgehen der Turbine durch Drosselung der Betriebsmittelzufuhr zur Turbine. Das Turbi- nenventil kann beispielsweise ein Frischdampfventil der Turbine sein, mittels welchem der Turbine der von einem Dampferzeuger erzeugte Betriebsdampf zugeführt wird.This prevents an impending desynchronization of the turbine, which threatens in particular after a sudden partial load shedding as a result of an operation occurring at overspeed. The brief throttling of the turbine valve prevents the turbine from running dangerously by throttling the supply of equipment to the turbine. The turbine valve can, for example, be a live steam valve of the turbine, by means of which the operating steam generated by a steam generator is fed to the turbine.
Nach dem kurzzeitigen Androsseln des Turbinenventils kann dann die Drehzahl der Turbine entsprechend der neuen Betriebssituation nach dem Lastabwurf geregelt werden, beispielsweise mittels eines Turbinenreglers, welcher auf das mindestens eine Turbinenventil einwirkt.After the turbine valve has been throttled for a short time, the speed of the turbine can then be regulated in accordance with the new operating situation after load shedding, for example by means of a turbine regulator which acts on the at least one turbine valve.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird mit- tels des Stelleingriffs das mindestens eine Turbinenventil kurzzeitig geschlossen. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die kurzzeitige Androsselung des Turbinenventil maximal und wirkt daher insbesondere einem Teillastabwurf mit sehr hoher Änderungsgeschwindigkeit wirkungsvoll entgegen. Mittels dieser Ausführungsform sind folg- lieh Betriebsfälle der Turbine besonders gut beherrschbar, bei welchen ein sehr schneller und betragsmäßig sehr großer Teillastabwurf stattfindet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one turbine valve is briefly closed by means of the control intervention. In this embodiment, the short-term throttling of the turbine valve is maximum and therefore effectively counteracts in particular a partial load shedding with a very high rate of change. By means of this embodiment, subsequent operating cases of the turbine can be controlled particularly well, in which a very fast and very large partial load shedding takes place.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung erfolgt der Regeleingriff auf das mindestens eine Turbinenventil mittels mindestens zweier Stellsignale, wobei mittels eines ersten Stellsignals der mindestens zwei Stellsignale eine Betätigung in Richtung der Öffnungsposition des Turbinenventils und mittels eines zweiten Stellsignals der mindes- tens zwei Stellsignale eine Betätigung in Richtung der Schließposition des Turbinenventils erzielbar ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the control intervention on the at least one turbine valve is carried out by means of at least two control signals, with actuation in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve by means of a first control signal and actuation by means of a second control signal of the at least two control signals is achievable in the direction of the closed position of the turbine valve.
Die Verwendung zweier getrennter Stellsignale zur Betätigung des mindestens einen Turbinenventils bietet den Vorteil einer erhöhten Stellgenauigkeit. Auf diese Weise kann die beispielsweise mittels eines Turbinenreglers vorgenommene Regelung der Drehzahl der Turbine besonders genau vorgenommen werden.The use of two separate control signals for actuating the at least one turbine valve offers the advantage of increased positioning accuracy. In this way, the regulation of the speed of the turbine, which is carried out, for example, by means of a turbine controller, can be carried out particularly precisely.
Bevorzugt umfassen die Stellsignale dabei jeweils die Ausgabe eines elektrischen Stroms, insbesondere mit einer Stromstärke zwischen 0 mA und 20 mA, wobei die jeweils aktuell ausgegebene elektrische Stromstärke ein Maß für den Öffnungs- bzw. Schließgrad des Turbinenventils ist.The control signals preferably each include the output of an electrical current, in particular with a current between 0 mA and 20 mA, the current electrical current currently output being a measure of the degree of opening or closing of the turbine valve.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird das Turbinenventil mittels zweiter Stromsignale als Stellsignale angesteuert, wobei jeweils der gesamte Öffnungs- bzw. Schließbereich des Turbinenventils auf einen Stromstärkebereich zwischen 0 und 20 mA ab- gebildet wird. Für die Ausgabe derartiger Stromsignale sind eine Reihe von geeigneten Baugruppen erhältlich. Üblicherweise werden die Stromstärkesignale jeweils einer Signalverstärkerbaugruppe zugeführt, welche dann das erforderliche Leistungssignal zum Betätigen des Turbinenventils zur Verfügung stellt.In this embodiment, the turbine valve is controlled by means of second current signals as control signals, the entire opening and closing range of the turbine valve being mapped to a current range between 0 and 20 mA. A number of suitable modules are available for outputting such current signals. Usually, the current signals are each fed to a signal amplifier module, which then provides the required power signal for actuating the turbine valve.
Bevorzugt wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mittels einer zyklisch arbeitenden digitalen Recheneinrichtung, insbesondere einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung, durchgeführt.The method according to the invention is preferably carried out by means of a cyclically operating digital computing device, in particular a programmable logic controller.
Derartige Recheneinrichtungen sind in den vielfältigsten Ausgestaltungen erhältlich und können wegen ihres meist modula- ren Aufbaus auf einfache Weise zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ertüchtigt werden.Such computing devices are available in a wide variety of configurations and, because of their mostly modular structure, can be upgraded in a simple manner to carry out the method according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird ebenfalls gelöst durch ein weiteres erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren.The object according to the invention is also achieved by a further method according to the invention.
Dazu werden bei dem Verfahren zur Drehzahlregelung einer mit- tels Generator an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbinenwelle, das auf der Messung der Drehzahl und dem Vergleich dieser mit der Nenndrehzahl beruht, der Wert sowie die Richtung, in der die gemessenen Drehzahl von der Nenndrehzahl abweicht, gemessen und die Änderungsge- schwindigkeit der Turbinenwellendrehzahl kontinuierlich berechnet, wobei ein Vergleich mit dem Sollwert erfolgt; beim Überschreiten des bezüglich Drehzahländerungsgeschwindigkeit vorgegebenen Grenzwertes wird ein Steuersignal zur Änderung der Turbinenventillage erzeugt; dabei wird vom Steuersignal die Lage mindestens .eines Turbinenventils verändert. Erfindungsgemäß können zwei Steuersignale pro Turbineventil erzeugt werden, wovon eines die Lage eines Turbinenventils in Richtung „ÄUF und das andere in Richtung „ZU"1 verändert, wobei das erzeugte Steuersignal und die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Drehzahl der Turbinenwelle verändert, proportional zueinander sind, und es sich hierbei um einen Strom mit einer Stärke von 0 bis 20 mA handelt, der den Grad des Öff- nens oder des Schließens von Turbinenventilen bestimmt. Man kann ein digitales Steuersignal erzeugen, das den Betrieb mit digitalen Rechenausrüstungen gewährleisten wird.For this purpose, in the method for speed control of a turbine shaft connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator, which is based on the measurement of the speed and the comparison of this with the nominal speed, the value and the direction in which the measured speed deviates from the nominal speed. measured and the rate of change of the turbine shaft speed calculated continuously, a comparison being made with the target value; If the limit value specified with respect to the speed change speed is exceeded, a control signal for changing the turbine valve position is generated; the position of at least one turbine valve is changed by the control signal. According to the invention, two control signals can be generated per turbine valve, one of which changes the position of a turbine valve in the “OPEN” direction and the other in the “CLOSE” direction 1 , the generated control signal and the speed at which the speed of the turbine shaft changes being proportional to one another , and it is a current with a strength of 0 to 20 mA, which determines the degree of opening nens or the closing of turbine valves. A digital control signal can be generated which will ensure operation with digital computing equipment.
Bezüglich der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels eines Generators an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbine, mit folgenden Komponenten:With regard to the device according to the invention, the object is achieved by a device for speed control of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator, with the following components:
- eine Sensoreinheit, mittels welcher ein Lastwechsel der Turbine detektierbar ist,a sensor unit by means of which a load change of the turbine can be detected,
- eine Berechnungseinheit, mittels welcher eine Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit eines detektierten Lastwechsels berechenbar ist, - eine Stelleinheit, mittels welcher im Falle einer Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit in Richtung einer kleineren Last, welche betragsmäßig größer ist als eine vorgegebene Maximai- Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, mindestens ein Turbinenventil in Richtung dessen Schließposition kurzzeitig betätigbar ist, und- a calculation unit, by means of which a load change speed of a detected load change can be calculated, - an actuating unit, by means of which, in the event of a load change speed in the direction of a smaller load, which is greater in amount than a predetermined maximum load change speed, at least one turbine valve can be actuated briefly in the direction of its closed position is and
- eine Recheneinheit, mittels welcher mindestens zwei Stellsignale zur Einstellung des mindestens einen Turbinenventils erzeugbar sind, wobei mittels eines ersten Stellsignals der mindestens zwei Stellsignale eine Betätigung in Richtung der Öffnungsposition des Turbinenventils und mittels eines zweiten Stellsignals der mindestens zwei Stellsignale eine Betätigung in Richtung der Schließposition des Turbinenventils erzielbar ist.- A computing unit, by means of which at least two control signals for setting the at least one turbine valve can be generated, actuation in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve by means of a first control signal and actuation in the direction of the closed position by means of a second control signal of the at least two control signals of the turbine valve can be achieved.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird mittels derIn a device according to the invention, the
Stelleinheit im Falle einer zu großen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, beispielsweise infolge eines plötzlichen Teillastabwurfs, unmittelbar das mindestens eine Turbinenventil angedrosselt, ggf. sogar kurzzeitig geschlossen, so dass eine drohende Entsynchronisierung und/oder ein Schnellschluss der Turbine verhindert ist. Um die Drehzahl der Turbine nach einem Lastwechsel zuverlässig regeln zu können, sind mittels der Recheneinheit zwei Stellsignale zur Betätigung des mindestens einen Turbinenventils vorgesehen, ein erstes dieser mindestens zwei Stellsig- nale wirkt nur in Richtung der Öffnungsposition des Turbinenventils und ein zweites dieser mindestens zwei Stellsignale wirkt nur in Richtung der Schließposition des Turbinenventils. Auf diese Weise ist die Stellung des Turbinenventils während des Betriebs der Turbine besonders gut regelbar. Zur Erzeugung der genannten Stellsignale kann in der Recheneinheit beispielsweise ein Turbinenregelungsprogramm implementiert sein, wobei mittels der Stellsignale die Drehzahl der Turbine auf einen gewünschten Drehzahlwert geregelt wird.Actuating unit in the event of excessive load change speed, for example as a result of a sudden partial load shedding, the at least one turbine valve immediately throttled, possibly even briefly closed, so that an impending desynchronization and / or a rapid shutdown of the turbine is prevented. In order to be able to reliably control the speed of the turbine after a load change, the control unit provides two control signals for actuating the at least one turbine valve, a first of these at least two control signals only acts in the direction of the open position of the turbine valve and a second of these at least two control signals only acts in the direction of the closed position of the turbine valve. In this way, the position of the turbine valve can be regulated particularly well during the operation of the turbine. A turbine control program, for example, can be implemented in the computing unit to generate the above-mentioned control signals, the speed of the turbine being regulated to a desired speed value by means of the control signals.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfassen die Stellsignale jeweils die Ausgabe eines elektrischen Stroms, insbesondere mit einer Stromstärke zwischen 0 mA und 20 mA, wobei die jeweils aktuell ausgegebene elektrische Stromstärke ein Maß für den Öffnungs- bzw. Schließgrad des Turbinenventils ist.In a preferred embodiment, the control signals each include the output of an electrical current, in particular with a current strength between 0 mA and 20 mA, the current electrical current output in each case being a measure of the degree of opening or closing of the turbine valve.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Vorrichtung eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung.The device is particularly advantageously a programmable logic controller.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird bezüglich der Vorrichtung durch eine weitere Vorrichtung gelöst.The object of the invention is achieved with respect to the device by a further device.
In diese Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels Generator an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbine, die eine Einheit zum Empfangen eines zur Genera- torleistung proportionalen Signals und des Grenzwertsignals der Turbinenwellendrehzahl enthält, deren Ausgänge an die Einheit zum Erzeugen eines Steuersignals angeschlossen sind, die über zwei Ausgänge verfügt: Ausgang für die Ist-Drehzahl sowie Ausgang für die Ist-Drehzahl, deren Werte im vorgegebe- nen- Drehzahlbereich liegen, ist ein Prozessor integriert, der an den Ausgängen ein Signal bei temporärer Drehzahlnennwertveränderung und ein Signal bei Sollwertüberschreitung bezüg- lieh der maximalen temporären Drehzahlveränderung erzeugt, angeschlossen an den Eingang einer Einheit zum Erzeugen einer Steuereinwirkung, deren zweiter Eingang mit dem Sollwertgeber für die zulässige Änderungsgeschwindigkeit der Turbinenwel- lendrehzahl verbunden ist und deren Ausgänge an die Steuereingänge der Turbinenventile angeschlossen sind, wobei einer davon das Turbinenventil in Richtung „AUF und der andere in Richtung „ZU* beeinflusst, die Einheit zum Erzeugen einer Steuereinwirkung mit einem Stromausgang, an dem der Stromwert und die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit der Turbinenwellendrehzahl proportional zueinander sind, oder in Form eines programmierbaren Steuergerätes ausgeführt ist.In this device for speed control of a turbine connected by means of a generator to an electrical power supply network, which contains a unit for receiving a signal proportional to the generator power and the limit signal of the turbine shaft speed, the outputs of which are connected to the unit for generating a control signal, which have two outputs has: output for the actual speed and output for the actual speed, the values of which are in the specified speed range, a processor is integrated, which outputs a signal when the nominal speed is temporarily changed and a signal when the setpoint is exceeded. The maximum temporary speed change is generated, connected to the input of a unit for generating a control action, the second input of which is connected to the setpoint generator for the permissible rate of change of the turbine shaft speed and the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the turbine valves, one of which is the turbine valve in the “OPEN” direction and the other in the “CLOSE” direction, the unit for generating a control action with a current output at which the current value and the rate of change of the turbine shaft speed are proportional to one another, or is designed in the form of a programmable control unit.
Im Folgenden werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher dargestellt.Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in more detail below.
Es zeigen:Show it:
FIG 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Drehzahlregelung einer Turbine, und1 shows an inventive device for speed control of a turbine, and
FIG 2 eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.2 shows a further device according to the invention.
In der Figur 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels eines Generators 5 an ein e- lektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbine 3 dargestellt.FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for controlling the speed of a turbine 3 which is connected to an electrical energy supply network by means of a generator 5.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 umfasst eine Sensoreinheit 7, welche zur Detektierung eines Lastwechsels der Turbine beispielsweise mit einer leittechnischen Einrichtung 25 der Turbine verbunden ist und von dieser aktuelle Betriebsdaten der Turbine erhält.The device 1 according to the invention comprises a sensor unit 7 which is connected, for example, to a process control device 25 of the turbine in order to detect a load change of the turbine and from which it receives current operating data of the turbine.
Im Falle eines detektierten Lastwechsels der Turbine dient eine Berechnungseinheit 9 dazu, die aktuelle Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit 10 des detektierten Lastwechsels zu berechnen. Wenn die mittels der Berechnungseinheit 9 berechnete Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit 10 betragsmäßig größer ist als eine vorgegebene Maximal-Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit 13, so wird mittels einer Stelleinheit 11 ein Turbinenventil 15 der Tur- bine 3 kurzzeitig angedrosselt, insbesondere kurzzeitig geschlossen.In the case of a detected load change of the turbine, a calculation unit 9 serves to calculate the current load change speed 10 of the detected load change. If the load change speed 10 calculated by means of the calculation unit 9 is greater in magnitude than a predetermined maximum load change speed 13, a turbine valve 15 of the turbine 3 is throttled briefly, in particular briefly closed, by means of an actuating unit 11.
Dadurch ist verhindert, dass eine zu große Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, insbesondere nach einem plötzlichen Teillast- abwurf, zu einer Entsynchronisierung und/oder einem Schnellschluss der Turbine 3 führt, indem durch die kurzfristige Drosselung der Zufuhr des Arbeitsmediums (z.B. Dampf) an die Turbine 3 ein Durchgehen der Turbine 3 mit Überdrehzahl verhindert wird.This prevents an excessively high load change speed, in particular after a sudden partial load shedding, from leading to a desynchronization and / or a quick closing of the turbine 3, in that the short-term throttling of the supply of the working medium (for example steam) to the turbine 3 leads to a runaway the turbine 3 is prevented with overspeed.
Nach diesem schnellen Abfangen der Turbine nach einem Teillastabwurf wird die Drehzahl der Turbine 3 entsprechend der neuen Lastsituation nach dem Teillastabwurf mittels einer Recheneinheit 17 geregelt. Die Recheneinheit 17 betätigt dazu während des Betriebs der Turbine 3 im Bedarfsfall laufend mittels zweier Stellsignale 19,21 das Turbinenventil 15, wobei mittels eines ersten Stellsignals 19 eine Betätigung des Turbinenventils 15 in Richtung dessen Öffnungsposition und mittels des zweiten Stellsignals 21 eine Betätigung des Tur- binenventils 15 in Richtung dessen Schließposition erzielbar ist.After this rapid interception of the turbine after a partial load shedding, the speed of the turbine 3 is regulated according to the new load situation after the partial load shedding by means of a computing unit 17. For this purpose, the arithmetic unit 17 continuously operates the turbine valve 15 by means of two control signals 19, 21 during the operation of the turbine 3, with an actuation of the turbine valve 15 in the direction of its open position by means of a first control signal 19 and an actuation of the door by means of the second control signal 21 Line valve 15 in the direction of its closed position can be achieved.
Durch die Verwendung zweier separater Stellsignale 19, 21 zur Einstellung des Turbinenventils 15 während eines Drehzahlre- gelungsvorgangs wird die Einstellgenauigkeit des Turbinenventils 15 erhöht, da sowohl zum Öffnen, als auch zum Schließen des Turbinenventils 15 jeweils die gesamte Signalbandbreite der Stellsignale 19 bzw. 21 zur Verfügung steht.By using two separate control signals 19, 21 for setting the turbine valve 15 during a speed control process, the setting accuracy of the turbine valve 15 is increased, since both the opening and the closing of the turbine valve 15 each have the entire signal bandwidth of the control signals 19 and 21 respectively Available.
Wie im Beispiel der Figur dargestellt, können die Stelleinheit 11 und die Recheneinheit 17 gemeinsam, beispielsweise mittels einer elektronischen Schaltung, realisiert sein. Des Weiteren kann das zweite Stellsignal 21 zur Betätigung des Turbinenventils 15 in Richtung dessen Schließposition auch zur erfindungsgemäßen kurzzeitigen Androsselung des Tur- binenventils 15 mittels der Stelleinheit 11 verwendet sein; es ist jedoch auch möglich, dafür jeweils separate Signale vorzusehen.As shown in the example of the figure, the setting unit 11 and the computing unit 17 can be implemented together, for example by means of an electronic circuit. Furthermore, the second actuating signal 21 for actuating the turbine valve 15 in the direction of its closed position can also be used for briefly throttling the turbine valve 15 according to the invention by means of the actuating unit 11; however, it is also possible to provide separate signals for this.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 wird bevorzugt mittels einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung realisiert. Die Verarbeitung von analogen Signalen geschieht dabei bevorzugt mit einer Zykluszeit von etwa 13 ms. Die kurzzeitige Androsselung des Turbinenventils 15 erfolgt vorteilhaft etwa 6,5 ms, nachdem die Überschreitung der Maximal-Laständerungsgeschwin- digkeit 13 festgestellt ist.A device 1 according to the invention is preferably implemented by means of a programmable logic controller. Analog signals are preferably processed with a cycle time of approximately 13 ms. The brief throttling of the turbine valve 15 advantageously takes place about 6.5 ms after the maximum load change speed 13 has been exceeded.
Die Figur 2 zeigt eine Skizze der Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Turbinendrehzahl .FIG. 2 shows a sketch of the device for regulating the turbine speed.
Die Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Turbinendrehzahl beinhaltet die Einheit 30 zum Vorgeben der Laständerung der Turbine 32, den Geber 34 des Grenzwertsignals für die Turbinenwellendreh- zahl, die Einheit 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38 der Turbine 32, den Prozessor 40, der das Signal für die Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit erzeugt, eingeschaltet zwischen dem Geber 34 des Grenzwertsignals für die Turbinen- wellendrehzahl und der Einheit 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38, eine Einheit 42 zum Vorgeben der zulässigen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, angeschlossen an den zweiten Eingang der Einrichtung 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38, wobei die Einrichtung 36 über zwei Ausgänge verfügt, die an die Eingänge zum Steuern der Lage der Ventile 38 an der Turbine angeschlossen sind, wobei einer davon mindestens eines der Ventile 38 in Richtung „ZUλλ und der andere dieses Ventil in Richtung „AUF* beeinflusst. Das Wesen des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass während des Turbinenbetriebes die Turbinenlaständerung ständig kontrolliert wird. Falls eine Laständerung festgestellt wird , so wird die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Last verändert, ermittelt und diese dann mit der maximal zulässigen verglichen, wobei die Richtung der Laständerung kontrolliert wird. Verläuft die Laständerung in Richtung Verringerung, so wird mittels Steuereinwirkung mindestens ein Turbinenventil in Richtung „ZU* gesteuert, wobei die Turbinendrehzahl auf Nenn- last gesetzt wird.The device for regulating the turbine speed includes the unit 30 for specifying the load change of the turbine 32, the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed, the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 of the turbine 32, the processor 40, which Signal for the load change speed generated, connected between the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed and the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38, a unit 42 for specifying the permissible load change speed, connected to the second input of the device 36 for generating of the control signal to the valves 38, the device 36 having two outputs which are connected to the inputs for controlling the position of the valves 38 on the turbine, one of which at least one of the valves 38 in the “ CLOSE λλ direction and the other of these Valve influenced in the "OPEN *" direction. The essence of the method is that the turbine load change is constantly monitored during turbine operation. If a change in load is determined, the speed at which the load changes is determined and this is then compared with the maximum permissible, the direction of the load change being checked. If the change in load is in the direction of reduction, at least one turbine valve is controlled in the “CLOSED” direction by means of control action, the turbine speed being set to the nominal load.
Die Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Turbinendrehzahl funktioniert wie nachfolgend beschrieben.The turbine speed control device operates as described below.
Die Vorrichtung ist auf der Grundlage eines Prozessors 40 ausgeführt, der gemäß einem in seinen Speicher geladenen Programm funktioniert und die Regelung der Turbinendrehzahl entsprechend der Turbinenlaständerung gewährleistet, indem er sie zum Nennwert führt.The device is implemented on the basis of a processor 40 which operates according to a program loaded in its memory and which ensures the regulation of the turbine speed in accordance with the change in turbine load by leading it to the nominal value.
Die Laständerung wird bestimmt von der Einheit 30 zum Vorgeben der Laständerung, auf deren Signal über Turbinenlaständerung der Prozessor 40 die Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit berechnet; beim Überschreiten des maximal zulässigen Wertes er- zeugt die Einheit 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals eines der Steuersignale an das Ventil 38 der Turbine 32. Bei einem von der Einheit 30 kommenden Signal über Laständerung in Richtung Reduktion wird dabei eine Einwirkung zum Öffnen des Ventils 38 erzeugt, bei einem von der Einrichtung 30 kommenden Signal über Laständerung in Richtung Anstieg erzeugt die Einrichtung 30 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38 ein Signal zum Schließen des Ventils 38.The load change is determined by the unit 30 for specifying the load change, on the signal of which via turbine load change the processor 40 calculates the load change speed; when the maximum permissible value is exceeded, the unit 36 for generating the control signal generates one of the control signals to the valve 38 of the turbine 32. In the event of a signal coming from the unit 30 about a load change in the direction of reduction, an action to open the valve 38 is generated In the event of a signal coming from the device 30 about a change in load in the direction of increase, the device 30 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 generates a signal for closing the valve 38.
Das Turbinenventil 38 kann z.B. im Dampfzufuhrkanal der Tur- bine installiert sein und mittels dieses Ventils kann der Dampf vom Dampferzeuger in die Turbine geleitet werden. Nach einer kurzzeitigen Änderung der Ventillage kann die Turbinendrehzahl gemäß der neu entstandenen Betriebssituation geregelt werden.The turbine valve 38 can be installed, for example, in the steam supply duct of the turbine and the steam can be guided into the turbine from the steam generator by means of this valve. After a brief change in the valve position, the turbine speed can be regulated in accordance with the newly created operating situation.
Bei einer solchen Ausführung der Vorrichtung verändert mindestens ein Turbinenventil seinen Zustand infolge der Steuereinwirkung.In such an embodiment of the device, at least one turbine valve changes its state as a result of the control action.
Ein kurzzeitiges Zufahren des Turbinenventils 38 stellt si- eher, dass einem teilweisen Abwurf der Last bei einer sehr hohen Änderungsgeschwindigkeit dieser entgegengewirkt wird, dabei verbessert sich das Betriebsverhalten der Turbine, da die Turbinenlast gut zu steuern ist.Briefly closing the turbine valve 38 ensures that partial shedding of the load at a very high rate of change is counteracted, and the operating behavior of the turbine is improved since the turbine load is easy to control.
Die Verwendung von zwei getrennten Steuersignalen zum Ansteuern mindestens eines Turbinenventils 38 erhöht die Steuergenauigkeit.The use of two separate control signals to control at least one turbine valve 38 increases the control accuracy.
Die Steuersignale können in Form von elektrischen Stromsigna- len vorliegen, insbesondere mit einer Stromstärke von 0 bis 20 mA, je nach Wert des Regelabweichungssignals.The control signals can be in the form of electrical current signals, in particular with a current of 0 to 20 mA, depending on the value of the control deviation signal.
Zur Ausgabe von Stromsignalen werden Baugruppen verwendet.Modules are used to output current signals.
Die Regelung der Turbinenwellendrehzahl kann mit Hilfe zyklisch laufender digitaler Ausrüstungen erfolgen.The regulation of the turbine shaft speed can be carried out with the help of cyclically running digital equipment.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfas- sen:A device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 and a corresponding method can be summarized as follows:
Die Erfindung ist darauf gerichtet, die funktionellen Möglichkeiten mittels Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich beim Regeln der Drehzahl der zu kontrollierende Wert verändert, zu erweitern, was zur Steigerung der Schutzzuverlässigkeit in Gefahrensituationen führt. Das Verfahren zur Drehzahlregelung einer mittels Generator an ein elektrisches Energieversorgungsnetz angeschalteten Turbinenwelle, beruht auf der Messung der Drehzahl und dem Vergleich dieser mit der Nenndrehzahl, auf der Überwachung des Wertes sowie der Richtung, in der die gemessene Drehzahl von der Nenndrehzahl abweicht, auf kontinuierlicher Berechnung der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Turbinenwellendrehzahl ändert, und auf dem Vergleich dieser mit dem Sollwert, wobei vom Steuersignal die Lage mindestens eines Turbineventils verändert wird. Das erzeugte Steuersignal und die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Drehzahl der Turbinenwelle ändert, sind dabei proportional zueinander, und es handelt sich bei dem Steuersignal um einen Strom mit einer Stärke von 0 bis 20 mA oder um ein digitales Steuersignal, das den Betrieb mit digitalen Rechenausrüstungen gewährleisten.The invention is aimed at expanding the functional possibilities by detecting the speed at which the value to be controlled changes when regulating the speed, which leads to an increase in the reliability of protection in dangerous situations. The process for controlling the speed of a turbine shaft connected to an electrical power supply system by means of a generator is based on measuring the speed and comparing it with the nominal speed, monitoring the value and the direction in which the measured speed deviates from the nominal speed, based on continuous calculation the speed at which the turbine shaft speed changes, and the comparison of this with the target value, the position of at least one turbine valve being changed by the control signal. The generated control signal and the speed at which the speed of the turbine shaft changes are proportional to one another, and the control signal is a current with a strength of 0 to 20 mA or a digital control signal that allows operation with digital Ensure computing equipment.
Die Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Turbinendrehzahl beinhaltet die Einheit 30 zum Vorgeben der Laständerung der Turbine 32, den Geber 34 des Grenzwertsignals für die Turbinenwellendreh- zahl, die Einheit 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38 der Turbine 32, den Prozessor 40 zum Berechnen der Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, eingeschaltet zwischen dem Geber 34 des Grenzwertsignals für die Turbinenwellendrehzahl und der Einrichtung 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38, eine Einheit 42 zum Vorgeben der zulässigen Laständerungsgeschwindigkeit, angeschlossen an den zweiten Eingang der Einrichtung 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals zu den Ventilen 38, wobei die Einrichtung 36 zum Erzeugen des Steuersignals an die Ventile 38 über zwei Ausgänge verfügt, die an die Eingänge zum Steuern der Lage von Turbinenventilen 38 angeschlossen sind, wobei einer davon das Turbinenventil in Richtung „ZU* und der andere in Richtung „AUF* beeinflusst. The device for regulating the turbine speed includes the unit 30 for specifying the load change of the turbine 32, the transmitter 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed, the unit 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 of the turbine 32, the processor 40 for calculating the Load change rate, connected between the sensor 34 of the limit signal for the turbine shaft speed and the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38, a unit 42 for specifying the permissible load change rate, connected to the second input of the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 , the device 36 for generating the control signal to the valves 38 has two outputs which are connected to the inputs for controlling the position of turbine valves 38, one of which the turbine valve in the "CLOSED * direction and the other in the" OPEN * direction affected.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10392841T DE10392841D2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method and device for speed control of a turbine connected to an electrical power supply network by means of a generator |
| AU2003250280A AU2003250280A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method and device for regulating the rotational speed of a turbine connected to an electric power supply mains by means of a generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10230125.5 | 2002-07-04 | ||
| DE10230125 | 2002-07-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004005675A2 true WO2004005675A2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| WO2004005675A3 WO2004005675A3 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
Family
ID=30009804
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2003/002169 Ceased WO2004005675A2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2003-06-30 | Method and device for regulating the rotational speed of a turbine connected to an electric power supply mains by means of a generator |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100396886C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003250280A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10392841D2 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2298653C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004005675A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9507365B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2016-11-29 | Woodward, Inc. | Adaptive PID control system for industrial turbines |
| US20180058250A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Spindle Vibration Evaluation Module For A Valve And Actuator Monitoring System |
| WO2018041845A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Tightness test evaluation module for a valve and actuator monitoring system |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2412357C2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2011-02-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Интеллектуальные Сборочные Системы" | Method for control of rotation frequency of pneumatic rotary engine and device for implementation of this method |
| EP2423464A1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-02-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for regulating a turbogenerator |
| JP5730833B2 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-06-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Turbine control device, turbine control method, and turbine control program |
| CN105119543B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-04-03 | 东方电机控制设备有限公司 | A kind of control method and system of the distal line removal of load of generating set governing system |
| RU2733889C1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-10-07 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский политехнический университет" (Московский Политех) | Hybrid vehicle on-board network supply system |
| RU198844U1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-07-31 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский политехнический университет" (Московский Политех) | Turbine generator speed limiting device |
| CN111535876B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2022-05-10 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Regulating valve and nozzle set integrated structure of water supply pump steam turbine |
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| US3340883A (en) * | 1966-04-12 | 1967-09-12 | Gen Electric | Acceleration, speed and load control system with redundant control means |
| US4258424A (en) * | 1972-12-29 | 1981-03-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | System and method for operating a steam turbine and an electric power generating plant |
| DE2627591B2 (en) * | 1976-06-19 | 1981-04-16 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg | Control device for turbines with speed and power control |
| JPS5487319A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1979-07-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel control equipment of gas turbine |
| DE3242355C1 (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-06-07 | Aktiengesellschaft Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch, 6710 Frankenthal | Initiating device for speed regulation |
| JPS59231105A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-12-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Electric governor |
| US5180923A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1993-01-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for downline load rejection sensing in a gas turbine control system |
| RU2016460C1 (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1994-07-15 | Всероссийский теплотехнический научно-исследовательский институт | Process of stabilization of operation of turbo-generator under emergency conditions |
| RU2062330C1 (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1996-06-20 | Акционерное общество "Кировский завод" | Protective system |
| US5953902A (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1999-09-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Control system for controlling the rotational speed of a turbine, and method for controlling the rotational speed of a turbine during load shedding |
| DE10055166C5 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2007-07-19 | Siemens Ag | Method for controlling the power and speed of a turbine |
-
2003
- 2003-06-30 WO PCT/DE2003/002169 patent/WO2004005675A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-06-30 CN CNB038173220A patent/CN100396886C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 DE DE10392841T patent/DE10392841D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-30 AU AU2003250280A patent/AU2003250280A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-30 RU RU2005102711/06A patent/RU2298653C2/en active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9507365B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2016-11-29 | Woodward, Inc. | Adaptive PID control system for industrial turbines |
| US10359798B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2019-07-23 | Woodward, Inc. | Adaptive PID control system for industrial turbines |
| US20180058250A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Spindle Vibration Evaluation Module For A Valve And Actuator Monitoring System |
| WO2018041844A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Tightness test evaluation module for a valve and actuator monitoring system |
| WO2018041845A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Tightness test evaluation module for a valve and actuator monitoring system |
| JP2020503468A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-01-30 | ゼネラル エレクトリック テクノロジー ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングGeneral Electric Technology GmbH | Tightness test evaluation module for valve and actuator monitoring system |
| US10626749B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2020-04-21 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Spindle vibration evaluation module for a valve and actuator monitoring system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2005102711A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
| RU2298653C2 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
| CN100396886C (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| AU2003250280A8 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
| AU2003250280A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
| WO2004005675A3 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| DE10392841D2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| CN1668829A (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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