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WO2004070279A2 - Systeme de recirculation d'eau chaude pour alimentation et chauffage ambiant - Google Patents

Systeme de recirculation d'eau chaude pour alimentation et chauffage ambiant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004070279A2
WO2004070279A2 PCT/CA2004/000168 CA2004000168W WO2004070279A2 WO 2004070279 A2 WO2004070279 A2 WO 2004070279A2 CA 2004000168 W CA2004000168 W CA 2004000168W WO 2004070279 A2 WO2004070279 A2 WO 2004070279A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duplex
hot water
conduit
header
simplex
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CA2004/000168
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English (en)
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WO2004070279A3 (fr
Inventor
Douglas Roger Stirn
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2004070279A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004070279A2/fr
Publication of WO2004070279A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004070279A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
    • F24D17/0084—Coaxial tubings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L39/00—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • F16L39/005—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies for concentric pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply

Definitions

  • December 1, 1970 teaches a system for maintaining hot water at the outlet fixture by mixing hot water with cold water at the fixture.
  • the temperature of the water at the fixture is not permitted to fall below a predetermined temperature.
  • the cooled water is circulated back to the hot water tank and hot water is pumped into the conduit to take its place.
  • This type of system is energy inefficient as it requires the constant replacement and reheating of water in the hot water conduits.
  • My invention is a re-circulating hot water system adapted for supply and space heating applications.
  • the system has a first re-circulating flow mode of operation and a second demand flow mode of operation.
  • the major elements of my invention comprise at least one hot water outlet valve such as a faucet, a source of hot water such as a hot water tank and a duplex header connecting the hot water tank to the faucet.
  • "Duplex" means that the conduit or header has a central fluid flow passage and an annular fluid flow passage.
  • the duplex header transports hot water from the hot water tank to the at least one faucet.
  • My system also includes a source of replenishment water that is isolated from the system during the re-circulation mode and connected to the system during the demand mode to replenish consumed water.
  • My system can optionally include a duplex water purifier and a simplex accumulator.
  • My invention contemplates the use of a variety of duplex conduits and means for joining these duplex conduits to each other and to simplex conduits. Other embodiments of my invention disclosed below are adapted for water supply and space heating applications.
  • My invention can also be used for chilled water flows rather than hot water flows.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to prevent wastage of energy in a hot water system.
  • a further object of the present invention is to be able to retrofit existing water systems to more energy and water efficient systems in a cost-effective manner.
  • Figure 1 is a known simplex hot water supply and space heating system representative of the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is one embodiment of the re-circulating hot water system for hot supply and space heating applications of my invention shown in the re-circulating mode of operation.
  • Figure 3 is the same as Figure 2 used to describe additional features of my invention.
  • Figure 6 is the same as Figure 2 and Figure 3 and is used to describe additional features of my invention.
  • Figure 8 is a view of a duplex elbow joint in sectional view.
  • Figure 9 depicts the same system as depicted in Figure 2 but in the demand flow mode of operation, with the faucet open.
  • Figures 10a- lOd depicts a variety of duplex conduits adaptable for use in my invention.
  • Figure 11 illustrates in sectional view a T-joint adapted to connect a first split conduit to a first and second simplex conduits.
  • Figure 12 illustrates in sectional view a T-joint adapted to connect a first, second and third split conduits.
  • Figure 13 illustrates in sectional view a T-joint adapted to connect a first and second simplex conduits to a first split conduit.
  • Figure 14 illustrates in sectional view a T-joint adapted to connect a first split conduit to a first and second simplex conduits.
  • Figures 15a and 15b illustrate in sectional view a T-joint adapted to connect simplex conduit to a first and second split conduit in two flow modes.
  • Figure 16 illustrates in sectional view a "crow's foot" junction used for duplex conduits.
  • Figure 17 illustrates in section view a Y-joint used for duplex conduits.
  • Figures 18a, 18b and 18c illustrate a variety of arc connectors of my invention.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates in sectional view a T-joint (750) having a flow diverter and adapted to connect a first and second simplex conduit to a first duplex conduit.
  • Figures 21a and 21b illustrate in sectional view an adapter adapted to covert a simplex T-joint into one that will accept a first duplex conduit.
  • Figure 21c illustrates in sectional view the adapter of Figure 21b having a ball valve.
  • Figure 22 illustrates a T-joint having a flow diverted that is adapted to connect three duplex conduits and divert annular flow to central passage flow.
  • Figure 23 illustrates in sectional view a duplex coupling adapted to join two duplex conduits co- axially.
  • Figure 24 illustrates in sectional view an adapter adapted to join a first duplex conduit having a first diameter with a second duplex conduit having a second diameter.
  • Figures 25a and 25b illustrate the bulk-head plate of one embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 26 illustrates another embodiment of the re-circulating hot water system for supply and space heating applications using both simplex and duplex conduits.
  • Figure 26a illustrates another embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 26b illustrates yet another embodiment of my invention.
  • FIG. 26c illustrates still another embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 26d illustrates another embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 26e shows another embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 27 illustrates in sectional view the uni-block manifold block of one embodiment of my invention in a re-circulating mode.
  • Figure 28 illustrates in sectional view the uni-block manifold block of Figure 27 in demand flow mode.
  • Figures 29a and 29b illustrate in sectional view a manifold block of another embodiment of my invention.
  • Figure 30 illustrates another embodiment of the re-circulating hot water supply and space heating system of my invention.
  • Figures 31a, 31b and 31c illustrate yet another embodiment of my invention in the re-circulating and demand modes.
  • Figures 32a and 32b illustrate in sectional view means for converting a simplex T-joint into a duplex-joint adapted to connect three duplex conduits.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a prior art hot water supply and hot water space heating system (1700) in the re-circulating mode. All of the conduits and peripheral devices attached to the system are "simplex", that is, as more fully explained below, they comprise a conduit having a single passage way.
  • the system includes a hot water reservoir (1702) from which hot water is drawn by pump (1704) intake from reservoir outlet (1706) by way of coupling (1708) into conduit (1710) and by way of elbow (1712) into conduit (1714).
  • the pump discharges hot water into elbow (1716) and by way of T-joint (1718) and coupling (1719) into space heater (1720).
  • T-joint (1718) also discharged hot water into T-joint (1722) connected to closed faucet (1724) by way of conduit (1726).
  • faucet When the faucet is closed, there is no hot water supply demand and hot water is re-circulated by way of conduit (1728) back towards the hot water reservoir (1702) by way of T- joint (1731), conduit (1730) and open check valve (1732).
  • Hot water space heater is connected to the re-circulation conduit (1728) at T-joint (1734) by way of elbow (1736).
  • An accumulator (1740) is jointed to the system at T-joint (1731) by way of conduit (1740) and elbow (1742).
  • cold water supply conduit (1744) that is connected to conduit (1730) by way of conduit (1731) containing check valve (1733) that remains closed until there is a demand on the system.
  • T-joint (1746) connects conduit (1731) to conduit (1744) and permits cold water passage to the faucet (1724).
  • lengthy pipe-runs from the hot water reservoir to the faucet will cause a significant heat loss in the system even if the piping is insulated. Heat loss is further exacerbated by space heater (1720). Therefore, when the faucet is opened, hot water in the system will have cooled to below desirable temperatures. This necessitates maintaining the faucet in an open position until hot water of a desirable temperature reaches the faucet.
  • FIG 2 there is depicted one embodiment of my invention (10) for a re-circulating hot water system adapted for supply and space heating applications being a fluid re-circulation system for energy and water conservation having a first re-circulating mode of operation (depicted in Figure 2) and a second demand mode of operation (depicted in Figure 9).
  • the system comprises a hot water supply and re-circulation header (16) comprising a plurality of joined passage conduits having therein a first central fluid flow passage way (20) and a second fluid flow passage way (22) annular to the first central fluid flow passage way (20).
  • a dual passage conduit having a central passage way and an annular passage way will be referred to as "duplex conduit".
  • duplex connectors As a person skilled in the art will understand that there may be several such branches, faucets, and or appliances incorporated within a typical household hot water system, and that these illustrations are abbreviated for clarity purposes.
  • At least one hot water supply outlet such as faucet (12) is connected to the duplex header (16) by first duplex connection means including duplex conduit (24) through a duplex elbow (27) and duplex conduit (25) to first T-joint (242).
  • the faucet depicted in Figure 2 is a typical hot/cold water faucet generally found in domestic applications. A person skilled in the art will understand that the design of the faucet is not determinative of the function of the invention, and that any type of faucet or valve can be used with the invention as long as the faucet connection permits the flow of fluid from the central passage way of a duplex conduit into the annular passage way of duplex conduit as indicated at (29) in the re-circulation mode.
  • the hot water faucet has a first closed position (depicted in Figure 2) when the system is in its first re-circulating mode of operation.
  • the faucet has a second open position (depicted in Figure 9) when the system is in its second demand mode of operation.
  • the system (10) in Figure 2 further comprises a source of hot water such as a hot water heater- reservoir (14) which may also be a hot water heater-boiler as commonly found in domestic and commercial applications being oil fired, gas fired, electrically heated or the like and is connected to the duplex header (16) by means of a first re-circulating hot water outlet single fluid passage way conduit (30) having an first inlet end (32) and an first outlet end (34).
  • the hot water heater- reservoir (14) is adapted to store a predetermined volume of water at a predetermined temperature.
  • single fluid passage way conduit means that the conduit has a single passage, as is the case for all single wall conduits such as copper or PVC tubing or similar single-wall plumbing conduits.
  • First simplex conduit (30) is connected to second simplex conduit (40) at simplex T-joint (46) and includes pump (120) discharging through simplex elbow (31) into fifth duplex connection means including specialized second T-joint (130) connecting simplex conduit (30) second end (34) to the duplex header (16) central passage (20).
  • water system temperature gauge (36) that, by adding control means, can be adapted to regulate the hot water temperature by controlling pump (120) by way of logic connection (43). This type of control is well known in the art and need not be further described herein.
  • the re-circulation water outgoing flow from the heater- reservoir (14) is depicted by the white arrows (38) and the return flow is depicted by black arrows (62).
  • Figure 2 also depicts second demand hot water simplex outlet conduit (40) having a second inlet end (42) and a second outlet end (44).
  • the first inlet end (32) of the first simplex conduit (30) is connected by simplex T-joint (46) to the second simplex conduit (40) between the second inlet end (42) and the second outlet end (44).
  • the second inlet end (42) is connected to the hot water reservoir (14) outlet port (15) by way of simplex coupling (50) and is adapted to draw water from the hot water reservoir in both the first re-circulating mode and the second demand mode of the system as further described herein.
  • check valve (160) is also in simplex conduit (40) and Second end (44) of simplex conduit (40) is connected by sixth duplex connection means including specialized third T-joint (180) to duplex header (16) annular flow passage (22).
  • Figure 2 further depicts a third re-circulating hot water simplex inlet conduit (52) having an inlet end (54) connected to the duplex header (16) annular flow passage at specialized T-joint (130) by way of simplex elbow (58) and an outlet end (56) connected to the hot water reservoir (14) inlet port (17) at simplex coupling (64).
  • the third simplex conduit (52) directs re-circulation water flow (62) from the duplex header annular passage way (22) into the hot water reservoir (14) during the system re-circulation mode of operation.
  • Second T-joint (130) is adapted to direct duplex header (16) annular return flow (62) into the simplex third conduit (52).
  • a source of reservoir replenishment water (66) which in this embodiment is the simplex cold water pipe connecting water mains (68 -not shown) to the cold water side (70) of faucet (12).
  • Simplex cold water pipe (66) is connected to the cold water side (70) of faucet (12) through a plurality of simplex elbow joints (72).
  • a person skilled in the art will understand that a plurality of different joints may have to be used to suit a given installation.
  • First simplex connection means includes a fourth replenishment simplex conduit (80) having a fourth inlet end (82) and a fourth outlet end (84) connects the simplex cold water pipe (66) at simplex T-joint (92) to the third simplex conduit (52) at simplex T-joint (90) between the third outlet end (56) and third inlet end (54).
  • Check valve (220) controls replenishment flow into the reservoir (14).
  • FIG. 2 there is shown in this re-circulating hot water supply and space heating embodiment of my invention (10) at least one space heater (100) connected to the duplex header (16) by second duplex connection means including duplex conduit (102).
  • Space heater (100) is adapted to heat a volume of space such as a room by way of radiating heat from duplex conduit (102) by radiator means (300).
  • the hot water supply embodiment of the invention (10) may optionally include a duplex conduit configured water purifier (104) connected to the header (16) third duplex connection means including duplex conduit (106) and T-joint (111). There is also a simplex accumulator (108) connected to the header (16) by fourth duplex connection means including simplex conduit (110) and T-joint (109).
  • the accumulator is adapted to mitigate against pressure transients in the system due to thermal expansion, and the opening and closing of valves that may cause water hammer effects.
  • the simplex conduit (30) includes pump (120) having an intake end (122) and a discharge end (124). Intake end (122) is illustrated as connected by way of a simplex T-joint (46) to simplex conduit (40). Discharge end (124) the pump (120) is connected to duplex header (16) at second T-joint (130) through simplex elbow (31).
  • thermostat (36) that can be logically connected (43) to pump (120) to regulate system temperature between desired set points by controlling the activation and speed of the re-circulating pump.
  • Pump (120) is generally electrically motivated by AC or DC power depending on the installation needs. For example, in a recreational vehicle installation the pump may be DC or both AC and DC. In a domestic home or commercial application, the pump may be AC.
  • the pump is sufficiently sized to provide a suitable volume of re-circulating water flow (38) that will maintain the system at the desired flow rates and temperature.
  • Simplex conduit (30) outlet end (34) is connected to the duplex header (16) by way of second T-joint (130). Second T-joint (130) is further illustrated in Figure 4.
  • Re-circulating water flow depicted by arrows (38) is discharged from pump (120) and directed into the duplex header central passage (20) through flow director (140).
  • Flow director (140) constricts and accelerates flow from simplex conduit (30) into duplex header (16) central passage (20).
  • second end (44) of simplex conduit (40) is connected to duplex header (16) at T-joint (180) so that fluid from outlet end (44) is directed into annular passage way (22) of the duplex header (16).
  • FIG. 5a there is illustrated a sectional view of third T-joint (180).
  • Figure 5a illustrates third T-joint (180) when system (10) is in re-circulation mode and
  • Figure 5b illustrates the same when system (10) is in demand mode.
  • FIG. 5 a third T-joint (180) is shown having three couplings (182), (184) and (186).
  • Second end (44) of simplex conduit (40) connects to duplex header (16) at coupling (186).
  • Second end (44) of simplex conduit (40) connects to duplex header (16) at coupling (186).
  • return flow may fill check valve (160) and second end (44) without consequence as there is no leakage across the check valve and the temperature of the return flow is not much lower than the temperature of the re-circulating flow at the ball end of the closed check valve.
  • a hollow connector having tapered ends (192) and (194) that pe ⁇ nit easy insertion of the duplex header ends into T-joint (180) and continual flow through flow passage (20).
  • check valve (160) in demand mode, check valve (160) is opened and demand flow is permitted from hot water reservoir (14) into duplex header annular passage way (22). Note that flow in the annular passage (22) is reversed due to the pressure differential across the system caused by the open faucet and thereby able to accommodate demand flow. Demand flow is able to enter the header annular passage around the connector (190) as illustrated.
  • third simplex conduit (52) including second check valve (200) between third inlet end (54) and third outlet end (56).
  • Check valve (200) is generally identical to first check valve (160) and operates based on the pressure differential between the hot water reservoir (14) and the faucet (12).
  • Ball (204) and spring (206) are adapted to remain in an open position while the system is in re-circulation mode to permit return water flow (62) into hot water reservoir (14).
  • duplex first T-joint (242) in cross section in recirculation mode and demand mode respectively.
  • This type of duplex of T-joint connector is used to connect the faucet (12) to the duplex header (16) and the duplex water purifier (104) to the duplex header (16).
  • Duplex first T-joint (242) comprises three couplings (290), (292) and (294).
  • This configuration of Tee joint may be installed wherever a "duplex" branch is required on a full "duplex"system.
  • duplex elbow joint (250) in cross section. All duplex elbows are similar.
  • the duplex elbow joint is adapted to join at right angles two sections of duplex conduit (24) from T-joint (242) to elbow (250) and duplex conduit (25) from elbow (250) to faucet (12).
  • the duplex elbow comprises first end coupling (252) and second end coupling (254).
  • a connector (256) Within the elbow joint (250) is a connector (256) adapted to join the first and second coupling together in a leak free manner.
  • the duplex elbow retains continuity of flow in both the central passage (20) and annular passage (22)
  • the terminal end (249) of the second duplex conduit (25) is located within chamber (245) at closed faucet (12).
  • the re-circulating flow exits the central passage (20) and is directed back into the annular passage (22) for re-circulation back to the hot water reservoir (14).
  • the faucet is opened, the chamber is opened and re-circulating annular flow is reversed into demand flow towards the open faucet as a result of the pressure drop across the system.
  • Duplex conduit (102) has a first end (302) connected to the header (16) by elbow joint (250) and a second end (304) terminating in chamber (306) so that in the chamber flow from the first central flow passage way is directed into the second annular passage way back to the header annular passage way.
  • the system (10) includes a duplex water purifier (104) comprising duplex conduit (106) having a first end (310) connected to the duplex header by way of duplex T-joint (111) that is identical to duplex T-joint (242) illustrated in Figures 7a and 7b so that flow received from flow passage (20) of the duplex header is directed into the central flow passage of conduit (106).
  • Conduit (106) has a second end (312) that terminates in chamber (314) adapted to direct flow from the central flow passage into annular flow passage and back towards the duplex header annular passage (22) for transport back to hot water reservoir (14).
  • the water purifier includes a source of ultra-violet radiation (316) disposed around duplex conduit (106) and duplex conduit (106) is adapted to be transparent to ultraviolet radiation.
  • Figure 6 also illustrates simplex accumulator (108) connected to the annular passage (22) of duplex header (16) at specialized T-joint (180).
  • the accumulator acts to dampen pressure spikes within the system to avoid water hammer events.
  • system (10) is illustrated in re-circulation mode with faucet (12) closed.
  • faucet (12) is closed; check valve (160) is closed; check valve (200) is open; and check valve (220) is closed.
  • Pump (120) is operating and hot water for recirculation is drawn from hot water reservoir (14) through simplex conduit (30) by pump (120) and discharged into central flow passage (20) of duplex header (16) for transport to faucet (12) and space heater (100).
  • Re-circulating hot water is returned to the hot water reservoir (14) by way of the annular passage (22) of duplex header (16) through the second open check valve (200).
  • conduits, joints and system components described herein may be covered with a suitable insulating material to prevent heat loss from the system.
  • system (10) of the re-circulating hot water supply and space heating embodiment of my invention in demand mode In demand mode faucet (12) is open. Faucet (12) may be fully open to hot water or it may be partially open to hot water and to cold water from simplex cold water conduit (66).
  • demand mode check valve (160) In demand mode check valve (160) is open due to the pressure differential across the open system acting on spring (162) and ball (164). Therefore, there is demand flow through simplex conduit (40) direct from the reservoir (14) into the annular passage (22) of duplex header (16) through check valve (160). There continues to be recirculating flow through pump (120) into duplex header (16) central flow passage way (20).
  • the pressure differential across the system caused by open faucet (12) acts to close second check valve (200) to prevent cold replenishment water from entering hot water system.
  • Check valve (220) is drawn open by the pressure differential across the system so that replenishment water from simplex cold water conduit (66) can enter hot water reservoir (14) to make up any demand flow.
  • Water continues to circulate through purifier (104) and space heater (100).
  • Accumulator (108) acts to maintain a suitable pressure on the system to avoid water hammers due to the pressure transient from closed faucet to open faucet. Once the faucet is closed, the system reverts to the recirculation mode as shown in Figure 2
  • header (16) comprises a duplex conduit.
  • My invention provides for different embodiments of duplex conduit all permitting flow in opposite directions within the same conduit.
  • Figure 10a illustrates one embodiment (401) of the dual passage way conduit in which the central passage way (400) is fixed to the inside wall (402) of annular passage way (404).
  • the central passage way (408) is suspended in the middle of the conduit by means of webs (410) and (412) thereby creating a first (414) and a second (416) annular passage ways.
  • Figure 10c illustrates a third embodiment (420) of the header conduit of my invention wherein the central passage way (422) is suspended in the outer conduit by spacer means (424) at either end of the duplex conduit.
  • Figure lOd illustrates a fourth embodiment (430) of the dual passage way conduit wherein the inner passage (432) of the conduit is split by a continuous dividing member (434) into a first (436) and second (438) passage ways.
  • This configuration of conduit shown in Figure lOd is hereafter referred to as a "split conduit".
  • the size of the inner passage with respect to the size of the annular passage may vary, but generally, the annular passage is capable of receive a much larger flow volume than the inside passage of the conduit in order to accommodate demand flow in an open system.
  • the dividing member of the split conduit may split the conduit in half as shown but is may also provide for two unequal passage ways.
  • the embodiment of the dual passage way conduit chosen will be determined on the basis of application needs and material availability.
  • T-joint a T-joint
  • the T-joint (450) comprises three couplings (452), (454) and (456).
  • This T-joint is adapted to joint a first simplex conduit (458) co-axially with a second simplex conduit (460) and a perpendicular first split conduit (462) having flow in one direction in a first side of the split conduit (464) and flow in a second opposite direction in the second side of the split conduit (466).
  • the split conduit (464) dividing member (468) terminates in a plug (470) adapted to terminate flow from simplex conduit (458) and direct it into first side (464) of split conduit (462). Flow from the second side (466) of the split conduit (462) is directed into simplex conduit (460).
  • FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment of a T-joint adapted for use with split conduits of the type illustrated in Figure lOd.
  • Figure 12 illustrates T-joint (472) having three couplings (474), (476) and (478).
  • the couplings are adapted to join the T-joint (472) with a first (480) split conduit co-axially with a second (482) split conduit and a perpendicular third (484) split conduit.
  • the T- joint contains a plug (486) that is adapted to meet the dividing members (488), (490) and (492) of the first, second and third split conduits respectively in a sealing engagement.
  • T-joint (472) is adapted to permit flow from conduit (482) into conduit (480) through the top sections (498) and (496) respectively.
  • the T-joint (472) is adapted to direct flow from lower half (500) of split conduit (480) into the first half (502) of split conduit (484).
  • flow from the second half (504) of the split conduit (484) is directed into the lower half (506) of split conduit (482).
  • T-joint (520) adapted for split conduits of the type illustrated in Figure lOd.
  • T-joint (520) comprises three couplings (522), (524) and (526) adapted to receive a first split conduit (528) co-axially with a first simplex conduit (530) and a perpendicular second simplex conduit (532). Flow from the first simplex conduit (530) is directed into the top passage way (534) of the first split conduit (528). Flow from the bottom passage way (536) of the split conduit (528) is directed into simplex conduit (532). The flows are segregated by way of plug (538) within the T-joint (520).
  • FIG. 14 there is shown yet another embodiment of a specialized T-joint (540) adapted to direct flow between a first simplex conduit (542), a co-axial second simplex conduit (544) and a perpendicular first split conduit (546) having a first half passage way (548), a second half passage way (550) and a dividing member (552) between them.
  • Flow from simplex conduit (542) is permitted to flow around plug (554) and into simplex conduit (544).
  • a portion of flow from simplex conduit (542) is directed by plug (554) into first half passage way (548) of split conduit (546).
  • Flow from the second half passage way (550) of split conduit (546) is directed by plug (554) onto second simplex conduit (544).
  • the T-joint (540) comprises couplings (556), (558) and (560) that are adapted to accept conduits (542), (544) and (546) respectively.
  • FIGs 2 to 9 illustrate various embodiments of the system of my invention and those couplings, elbows and T-joints used when a duplex conduit of the type illustrated in Figure 10b and Figure 10c are used or when a similarly configured duplex conduit having a central first fluid passage way and an annular second passage way are used.
  • My invention contemplates additional configurations of joints, elbows, T-joints, arc-connections and branches all configured for use on duplex conduit illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. These are described as follows and are part of my invention described herein.
  • Branch joint (600) generally called a "crow's foot" of one embodiment of my invention.
  • the branch joint is adapted to join four duplex conduits having a first central passage way and a second annular passage way of the type illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Branch joint (600) comprises a body (602) having a first (604), a second (606), a third (608) and a fourth (610) coupling.
  • Within the body (602) is first inlet (612) and first (614), second (616) and third (618) outlets.
  • First inlet (612) is adapted to accept central passage (620) flow from conduit (622) and distribute it into the central passages (624), (626) and (628) of conduits (630), (632) and (634) respectively.
  • Body (602) of branch joint (600) also includes internal passages (636), (638), and (640) adapted to accept annular flow from annular passages (642), (644) and (646) respectively so that they are merged within the body (602) and directed into annular passage (648) of conduit (622).
  • FIG 17 illustrates a Y-joint of one embodiment of the invention.
  • the Y-joint (680) comprises a body (682) having three couplings (684), (686) and (688) adapted to receive duplex conduits (690), (692) and (694) respectively.
  • body (682) Within body (682) is an inlet central passage way (696) splitting into a first outlet passage way (698) and a second outlet passage way (700).
  • Passage way (696) is adapted to accept inlet flow from the central passage way (702) of conduit (692) and divert it into the central passage way (704) of conduit (690) and passage way (706) of conduit (694).
  • body (682) includes annular passage ways is adapted to receive flow from annular passage way (710) of conduit (690) into body annular passage way (716) and from annular passage way (712) of conduit (694) into body annular passage way and combine them into body annular passage way (718) and direct the combined flow into annular passage way (714) of conduit (692).
  • Figure 18a illustrates in partial cross section an arc connector comprising a first coupling (722) and a second coupling (724). Between the couplings is duplex conduit (721) having a central fluid flow passage (726) and annular flow passage way (728). Generally, these arc connections will be relatively short.
  • Figure 18a illustrates an arc connector capable of a 45 degree change in direction.
  • Figure 18b shows an arc connector (734) having a right angle change of direction
  • Figure 18c shows an arc connector (736) having a 180 degree change of direction.
  • T-joint (750) of my invention that is adapted to divert partial flow from a first simplex conduit (752) into the central passage way (754) of a duplex conduit (756) and direct flow from the annular passage way (758) of conduit (756) into simplex conduit (760).
  • T-joint (750) comprises a body (762) having three couplings (764), (766) and (768) that are adapted to connect to simplex conduit (760), simplex conduit (752) and duplex conduit (756) respectively.
  • flow diverter (770) having a right angle bend and a first end (772) adapted to direct partial flow from conduit (752) to second end (774) and into the central passage way (754) of conduit (756).
  • the adapter comprises a head piece (796) attached to a coupling (798) and is adapted to receive a duplex conduit (800) having a central passage way (802) and an annular passage way (804).
  • the adapter has a central passage way (806) and an annular passage way (808) that are adapted to connect to central passage way (802) and annular passage way (804) respectively of the duplex conduit (800).
  • Adapter (794) is inserted into the simplex T-joint (780) body at coupling (788) so that the head piece (794) of the adapter (794) diverts a portion of the flow from conduit (790) into central passage (806) of the adapted and into central passage (802) of duplex conduit (800).
  • Flow in the annular passage (804) is transported through the head piece (794) by way of annular passage (808) and directed into simplex flow of conduit (792).
  • the adapter is inserted into the coupling (788) in a leak free relationship.
  • the adapter may include a ball valve (807) having a first open position and a second closed position and adapted to terminate flow through the adapter in annular passage (808) and central passage (806).
  • Naive (807) comprises a handle (801) connected by way of an axis (803) to ball (805).
  • Ball (805) has a first annular passage (811) and a second central passage (813) adapted to permit flow through adapter when the valve is in its first open position and the annular passage (811) is in communication with annular passage (808) and central passage (813) is in communication with central passage (806).
  • T-joint 820 comprises a body (822) having three couplings (824), (826) and (828) adapted to receive duplex conduits (830), (832) and (834) respectively.
  • a dual flow diverter (836) that is adapted to divert both central passage way flow and annular flow in the three duplex conduits joined to the T-joint.
  • T-joint (820) could be used in position (242) illustrated in Figure 6 joining the header (16) to the faucet (12). This application of T-joint (820) will be used to describe its operation.
  • Hot water from the hot water reservoir is received by T-joint (820) from central passage way (840) of conduit (834).
  • Dual flow diverter (836) intake port (842) is tapered to accept the end of conduit (834) in a leak free relationship and diverts flow from central passage (840) into the dual flow diverter first discharge port (835) and subsequently into the central passage (844) of conduit (830).
  • Discharge port (835) is tapered to accept the end of duplex conduit (830) central flow passage (844) in a leak free relationship.
  • flow through central passage way (844) is destined to the closed faucet (12) where it is re-circulated into annular passage way (846) of conduit (830).
  • Flow through the annular passage way (846) is intercepted by the dual flow diverter (836) second intake port (850) and diverted so that it is discharged by second discharge port (852) into the annular passage way (854) of dual passage conduit (834).
  • flow through central passage (854) is destined to heater (100) where is its re-circulated back into conduit (832) annular passage way (860).
  • Flow through annular passage way (860) is permitted to by-pass the dual flow diverter (836) by way of passage (862) and proceed into annular flow passage way (854) of conduit (834).
  • Coupler (870) adapted to connect co-axially two duplex conduits (872) and (874) respectively.
  • Coupler (870) comprises a body (876) having a first coupling (878) adapted to receive conduit (872) and a second coupling (880) adapted to receive conduit (874).
  • body (876) Within body (876) is a hollow connector (882) having a first tapered end (884) and a second tapered end (886) so as to receive the ends of central passage ways (888) and (890) in a leak free relationship.
  • Annular flow from conduit (872) annular flow passage (892) passes around connector (882) through annulus (894) and into the annular flow passage (896) of conduit (894).
  • Reducing adapter (900) is adapted to co-axially connect a first duplex conduit (902) having a first diameter (904) with a second duplex conduit (906) having a second diameter (908).
  • Adapter (900) includes a coupler (910) that is configured to accept the end of conduit (902) and the end of conduit (906) while ensuring that there is continuous and leak free flow from annular passage (912) into annular passage (914) and from central passage (916) into central passage (918).
  • my invention includes a bulkhead fitting (920) that comprises a disc (922) made from a suitable resilient material.
  • Disc (922) has a central opening (924) adapted to receive a conduit (926) in a tight fitting relationship so as to secure hold it.
  • the disc (922) may be placed on either side of a wall.
  • the disc has a plurality of apertures (928) to permit fastening to the wall by suitable fastening means.
  • FIG 26 there is shown another hot water supply and space heating embodiment of the system of my invention (930) in a recirculation mode.
  • This embodiment illustrates how duplex components can be integrated into a simplex system to retrofit an existing system into a more energy and water efficient system.
  • Some of the components in this in this embodiment are similar to components shown in Figures 2, 3 and 6 and so the same numbers will be used to identify these similar components in Figure 26.
  • hot water reservoir (14) having outlet port (15) and simplex outlet conduit (40).
  • Water is drawn into simplex conduit (41) through simplex elbow (43).
  • Accumulator (108) is joined to the system by way of simplex T-joint (932). Water flows through simplex conduit (934) to specialized T-joint (936) of the type describe in Figure 20 which is adapted to connect simplex conduit (934) and simplex conduit (935) to duplex conduit (938).
  • Hot water from the hot water reservoir (14) is directed up the central passage way (937) of duplex conduit (938) and into heater (100) by way of specialized T-joint (939) of the type described in Figure 22.
  • Heater (100) is a space heater. Faucet (12) is closed and so hot water is re-circulated back into the annular passage (940) of conduit (938), through T-joint (939) and T-joint (936) into simplex conduit (935) through simplex elbow (941) into conduit (942) and specialized T-joint (943) which is also described in Figure 20.
  • Additional heater (101) may be valved into the system by way of duplex ball valve (944) to for additional space heating.
  • a fan is used in order to enhance the efficiency of the heat transfer from the hot water to the air, or to the cold water from the warmer air if used as a chiller.
  • a pump may also be used to regulate flow speed of the water thru the radiator.
  • the space heater may call upon the use of a duplex valve to switch flows to either. Any of these systems may be controlled via logic circuits or by manual control.
  • uni-block manifold (1000) adapted for installation onto the top of a hot water heater or reservoir (14).
  • the uni-block manifold (1000) is comprises of a single block of suitable material (1002).
  • the conduits shown therein and described herein are machined into the block of suitable material. Couplings, pumps and thermometers can be easily installed on the block.
  • Figure 27 illustrate the uni-block manifold (1000) in a recirculation mode.
  • the uni-block manfold (1000) comprises a first coupling (1004) adapted for connection to the hot water outlet (1006) of the hot water heater (14).
  • Pump (1008) draws re- circulating hot water (1015) from the water tank (14) and discharges it into the central passage way (1010) of duplex header (1012). Since the system is in a re-circulating mode, that is, the faucet is closed; the demand flow check valve (1014) is closed.
  • Thermometer (1016) indicates hot water flow temperature at the tank outlet.
  • Thermometer (1016) is connected logically (1018) to a controller (1020) that is adapted to control (1022) the operation of pump (1008) so that the system temperature may be controlled between desirable set points.
  • FIG. 28 there is shown the uni-block manifold (1000) in demand mode that is, when the faucet is open and hot water is demanded from the hot water reservoir (14).
  • the pressure differential across the system caused by the pressure drop from the open faucet causes demand flow check valve (1014) to open and re-circulation check valve (1038) to close.
  • Pump (1008) continues to operate and may accelerate to compensate for the pressure drop sensed by pressure sensor (1044) logically connected (1046) to the pump controller (1020).
  • Demand flow (1060) is drawn through check valve (1014) and directed by flow diverter (1036) into the annular flow passage (1032) of header (1012).
  • Pumped flow (1062) continues to be directed by flow diverter (1036) into the central passage (1010) of header (1012).
  • Check valve (1056) is open to permit replenishment water flow (1064) through coupling (1054) and into the hot watef reservoir.
  • FIG 29a there is shown another embodiment of the uni-block manifold of my invention wherein check valves (1038) and (1056) are replaced by single valve means (1500) comprising a single body (1502) having a profile as shown at (1503). The body is adapted to travel to and fro freely in passage way (1504).
  • Figure 29a shows the valve when the uni-body manifold is in a re-circulating mode. Body (1502) is forced by system pressure against the replenishing flow inlet thereby preventing the flow of replenishing fluid into the reservoir.
  • Ball (1011) in check valve (1014) may also be replaced by body (1506) identical to body (1502)
  • FIG 30 there is shown yet another embodiment of my invention providing hot or cold water recirculation for zone heating or chilling purposes and for use in buildings, recreational vehicles, commercial vehicles and vessels.
  • Figure 30 is modified from Figure 2, which is the hot water supply for consumption configuration of my invention, by removing those components associated to hot water demand flow.
  • the zone heating configuration comprises a hot/cold water reservoir (1800) having an outlet port (1802) and an inlet port (1804).
  • Re- circulating water pump (1806) draws water from the reservoir and discharges it into duplex header (1810) central passage (20) by way of T-joint (130) of the type described in Figure 4.
  • Flow (1812) is directed into the central passage of duplex header (1810) for distribution to a plurality of heating zones, shown in Figure 30 as (1814), (1816) and (1818).
  • the configuration also includes accumulator (1822) to maintain a pressure in the system so as to suppress adapt to thermal expansion and prevent water hammer due to pressure fluctuations when zones are valved in.
  • Heating/chilling water is distributed by way of duplex conduits (1824) to heating zones through a plurality of distribution duplex T-joints (1826) and (1828) which are of the type described in Figure 22.
  • Zone valves (1830) are located in line to permit and regulate hot/cold water flow into the zones and into hot/cold water radiators (1832). The zone valves may be remotely controlled by way of a zone thermostat or they may be manually operated.
  • Hot/cold water is returned by way of annular flow paths in duplex conduits (1824) into simplex inlet conduit (1836) connected to inlet port (1804). Normally open check valve (1840) on simplex inlet conduit (1836) prevents back flow into the system from the reservoir.
  • the heating configuration of my invention further includes a plurality of elbow joints and connectors of the simplex and duplex type as described herein.
  • FIG. 31a shows such a system in a re-circulating mode.
  • the system comprises a conditioned water reservoir (1400) connected to a replenishment source of water (1402) by way of a check valve (1404) and an isolation valve (1406).
  • the check valve (1404) In the re-circulation mode the check valve (1404) is normally closed.
  • Reservoir (1400) has an outlet (1406) to which is coupled the intake port (1407) a re-circulating pump (1408).
  • Re-circulating flow from the pump discharge (1409) is directed into the central passage (1410) of duplex conduit (1412) through specialized T-joint (1414) of the type described in Figure 19.
  • Return flow from the annular passage way (1416) of duplex conduit (1412) is directed by T-joint (1414) into water reservoir intake (1418).
  • Figure 31b illustrates the same system as Figure 3 la in a demand mode, when, for example, a hot or cold water faucet is opened.
  • the pressure differential across the system caused by the open faucet causes a reversal of flow in annular flow pathway (1416) and demand water (1420) is drawn from the tank into T-joint (1414).
  • Pumped water (14220 continues to flow in central passage way (1410) of duplex conduit (1412).
  • Simplex T-fitting (1500) comprises a body (1502) having a first (1504), second (1506) and third (1508) couplings that are adapted to receive the open ends of simplex conduits.
  • the conversion apparatus comprises a generally T- shaped second body (1510) that is adapted for insertion into the simplex T-body (1502).
  • the second body includes three tapered ends (1512), (1514) and (1516). These three tapered ends are adapted to receive a coupling ring (1520).
  • the coupling ring fits over the tapered ends in a sealing engagement.
  • Flow through the central passage of a duplex conduit is directed through the central passage (1532) of the ring (1520) and into the central passage of body (1510) for distribution into the central passages of the co-joined duplex conduits.
  • simplex ball valves, elbows, tees, crow feet, wyes, straight pipes, couplings, reducers, unions, and flanges may be converted into duplex configurations.
  • the hot water reservoir may be a chilled water reservoir and space heaters can be exchanged for chillers. Whether the fluid circulating is hot or cold, the principles of operation of my invention remain the same. Therefore, although this description has much specificity, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Système de recirculation d'eau chaude conçu pour des applications d'alimentation et de chauffage ambiant, caractérisé par un premier mode d'écoulement de recirculation et par un second mode d'écoulement à la demande, qui comprend une source d'eau chaude, une sortie d'eau chaude et une tête duplex reliant la source d'eau chaude à la sortie d'eau chaude. La tête duplex comprend un passage central et un passage annulaire pour l'écoulement du liquide. Le flux en provenance de la source d'eau chaude est dirigé dans le système par le passage d'écoulement central. Le contre-courant de retour est renvoyé à la source d'eau chaude via le passage d'écoulement annulaire. La tête duplex achemine l'eau chaude de la source à la sortie via des conduits de liaison en duplex. On trouve également une source d'appoint isolée du système pendant le mode de recirculation, mais que est connectée pendant le mode de fonctionnement à la demande, qui renouvelle l'eau consommée. La tête duplex assure la recirculation de l'eau chaude entre la sortie et la source d'eau chaude, ce qui permet de maintenir la température du système à la valeur requise. En mode d'écoulement à la demande, de l'eau chaude est disponible instantanément au niveau de la sortie.
PCT/CA2004/000168 2003-02-10 2004-02-09 Systeme de recirculation d'eau chaude pour alimentation et chauffage ambiant Ceased WO2004070279A2 (fr)

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WO2006109080A3 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2007-05-03 Lee Mckeith Systeme de chauffage central
EP2210985A1 (fr) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-28 Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Metallwerke Bloc de raccordement pour recirculation et système des conduits avec recirculation
CN102052878A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-05-11 溢泰鸿（天津）节能科技有限公司 在线自动清洗冷凝器系统及制作方法和清洗方法
CN102052877A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-05-11 溢泰鸿（天津）节能科技有限公司 全压式在线自动清洗冷凝器系统及制作方法和清洗方法
WO2011103348A1 (fr) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-25 Taco, Inc. Pompe de recirculation d'eau chaude à commande électronique
US20130167956A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2013-07-04 Herbert Spiegel Liquid supply with circulation via through-passing inner pipes
WO2014044864A1 (fr) 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 Electricite De France Installation de chauffe-eau sanitaire à fonction de chauffage
CN106957141A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-18 中航三鑫太阳能光电玻璃有限公司 一种生产双绒面玻璃压延机的冷却水加热恒温装置
WO2017134151A1 (fr) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-10 Equitherm Limited Systèmes d'eau
FR3052793A1 (fr) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-22 David Perrin Dispositif pour transferer rapidement de l'eau chaude d'une source vers un utilisateur ou bien une machine.
WO2017216432A3 (fr) * 2016-06-17 2018-03-01 David Perrin Procédé et dispositif pour économiser l'énergie calorifique et l'eau dans une installation sanitaire
JP2018044640A (ja) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Ｈｐリビングライフ株式会社 内管ジョイントおよび配管システム
US20180291592A1 (en) * 2017-04-05 2018-10-11 Yuri Spiro Apparatus and Method for Conserving Water by Diverting Water of Improper Temperature
WO2019149999A1 (fr) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 Timo Holopainen Procédé, système et échangeur de chaleur pour chauffer des zones secondaires d'appartements dans des bâtiments, tels qu'une salle de bains d'un appartement
EP4545411A1 (fr) * 2023-10-25 2025-04-30 Airbus Operations GmbH Procédé d'installation d'un système d'eau modulaire dans une section d'aéronef, et section d'aéronef ainsi qu'aéronef comprenant un tel système d'eau

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WO2006109080A3 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2007-05-03 Lee Mckeith Systeme de chauffage central
EP2210985A1 (fr) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-28 Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Metallwerke Bloc de raccordement pour recirculation et système des conduits avec recirculation
US9207682B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2015-12-08 Taco, Inc. Electronically controlled hot water recirculation pump with data logging
US8594853B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2013-11-26 Taco, Inc. Electronically controlled hot water recirculation pump
WO2011103348A1 (fr) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-25 Taco, Inc. Pompe de recirculation d'eau chaude à commande électronique
US20130167956A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2013-07-04 Herbert Spiegel Liquid supply with circulation via through-passing inner pipes
US9032995B2 (en) * 2010-08-16 2015-05-19 Herbert Spiegel Liquid supply with circulation via through-passing inner pipes
CN102052877A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-05-11 溢泰鸿（天津）节能科技有限公司 全压式在线自动清洗冷凝器系统及制作方法和清洗方法
CN102052878A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-05-11 溢泰鸿（天津）节能科技有限公司 在线自动清洗冷凝器系统及制作方法和清洗方法
WO2014044864A1 (fr) 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 Electricite De France Installation de chauffe-eau sanitaire à fonction de chauffage
FR2995979A1 (fr) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-28 Electricite De France Installation de chauffe-eau sanitaire a fonction de chauffage
US10900669B2 (en) 2016-02-02 2021-01-26 Equitherm Limited Water systems
WO2017134151A1 (fr) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-10 Equitherm Limited Systèmes d'eau
WO2017216432A3 (fr) * 2016-06-17 2018-03-01 David Perrin Procédé et dispositif pour économiser l'énergie calorifique et l'eau dans une installation sanitaire
FR3052793A1 (fr) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-22 David Perrin Dispositif pour transferer rapidement de l'eau chaude d'une source vers un utilisateur ou bien une machine.
CN109563699A (zh) * 2016-06-17 2019-04-02 大卫·佩林 用于在卫生设施中节省热能和水的方法及设备
US11112126B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-09-07 David Perrin Method and device for saving heat energy and water in a sanitary facility
JP2018044640A (ja) * 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Ｈｐリビングライフ株式会社 内管ジョイントおよび配管システム
CN106957141A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-18 中航三鑫太阳能光电玻璃有限公司 一种生产双绒面玻璃压延机的冷却水加热恒温装置
CN106957141B (zh) * 2017-04-01 2022-12-27 海控三鑫(蚌埠)新能源材料有限公司 一种生产双绒面玻璃压延机的冷却水加热恒温装置
US20180291592A1 (en) * 2017-04-05 2018-10-11 Yuri Spiro Apparatus and Method for Conserving Water by Diverting Water of Improper Temperature
WO2019149999A1 (fr) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 Timo Holopainen Procédé, système et échangeur de chaleur pour chauffer des zones secondaires d'appartements dans des bâtiments, tels qu'une salle de bains d'un appartement
EP4545411A1 (fr) * 2023-10-25 2025-04-30 Airbus Operations GmbH Procédé d'installation d'un système d'eau modulaire dans une section d'aéronef, et section d'aéronef ainsi qu'aéronef comprenant un tel système d'eau

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