WO2004063577A2 - Roller bearing for bearing a steering shaft - Google Patents
Roller bearing for bearing a steering shaft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004063577A2 WO2004063577A2 PCT/EP2003/014048 EP0314048W WO2004063577A2 WO 2004063577 A2 WO2004063577 A2 WO 2004063577A2 EP 0314048 W EP0314048 W EP 0314048W WO 2004063577 A2 WO2004063577 A2 WO 2004063577A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- steering shaft
- angular contact
- contact ball
- ball bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/027—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems between relatively movable parts of the vehicle, e.g. between steering wheel and column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/16—Steering columns
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
- F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
- F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
- F16C25/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
- F16C2202/30—Electric properties; Magnetic properties
- F16C2202/32—Conductivity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
- F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rolling bearing, in particular an angular contact ball bearing, for mounting a steering shaft of a motor vehicle, consisting of a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring, between which bearing balls roll on associated raceways, the inner ring rolling by means of a radial distance between the steering shaft and the Intermediate roller bearing bridging element is supported on the steering shaft and is secured in at least one direction on the steering shaft against axial displacement, the intermediate element being designed as a rotationally symmetrical component which engages under the bearing inner ring with a section running obliquely to a longitudinal axis of the steering shaft.
- Rolling bearings of this type are used for mounting steering shafts in steering columns in motor vehicles.
- the bearing is an angular contact ball bearing, which is used together with another angular contact ball bearing and forms a bearing arrangement with this additional angular contact ball bearing and various preloading and supporting elements.
- Such a bearing arrangement is previously described in DE 40 13 655 C2.
- a bearing is used as an upper steering bearing in a steering column, means for transmitting the electrical current from the steering shaft via the roller bearing to the receiving steering tube must be available. This is necessary to activate the signal horn or to deploy the airbag.
- the conductive connection between the steering shaft and the steering tube can be made, for example, in such a way that a coil spring connects the steering shaft and the steering tube in a conductive manner.
- a conductive intermediate ring is arranged in the upper steering bearing, which creates a current-conducting connection between the steering bearing and the shaft. In this case, the power is transmitted via the steering shaft, conductive intermediate ring, inner race, rolling elements, outer race to the steering tube.
- an additional part namely the clock spring or the intermediate ring, must be manufactured and handled. This makes the assembly process more expensive and increases the price of such a steering bearing.
- Such a steering bearing is described in DE 199 52 119 A1.
- a steering bearing is known from US Pat. No. 2,232,473, which is supported via an intermediate ring arranged between the bearing inner ring and the steering shaft.
- this intermediate ring only acts as a clamping ring.
- a spring element is required which acts on the intermediate ring with an axial force which is deflected in the radial direction via a slope of the intermediate ring.
- the spring element requires an additional axial installation space.
- this bearing arrangement requires a separate retaining ring that holds the bearing together during assembly. This retaining ring, which must be manufactured as a separate component, therefore acts only as an assembly aid and is unnecessary after assembly. Its manufacture and handling therefore make the steering bearing assembly unnecessarily expensive.
- the object of the invention is therefore to develop a steering bearing, the manufacture and assembly of which is simplified and which has good electrical conductivity.
- this object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in conjunction with the preamble in that the intermediate element is made of a conductive material and has at one end means which engage radially behind the angular contact ball bearing, while at the other end holding means are arranged which are supported on the steering shaft.
- This metallic intermediate element can be produced in a variety of forms in a simple manner and ensures that, on the one hand, the power transmission is effective. is securely secured and, on the other hand, the cohesion and rigidity of the bearing are guaranteed. A relatively high stiffness with only a low frictional torque is aimed for.
- This metallic intermediate element also makes conductive plastics unnecessary, which, as already stated, are very costly to produce.
- the intermediate element according to the invention combines several functions. These are the clamping effect on the steering shaft and thus the preload of the steering bearing, the transmission of the electrical current and the cohesion of the bearing assembly consisting of several individual parts. This creates a structural unit, the intermediate element of which centers the bearing, acts as a spring means and at the same time is electrically conductive.
- section of the intermediate element at its axially opposite ends merges into a section running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft, both of which have the same diameter, the inclined section being spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction Exemptions is divided into several, equally spaced single slopes.
- the intermediate element is provided with a longitudinal slot at a circumferential point.
- the resilient effect of the intermediate element is realized in the circumferential direction, so that it can adapt to different radial installation spaces.
- the individual bevels are provided on both sides in the circumferential direction with extensions which can be bent radially in the direction of the steering shaft or in the direction of the bearing inner ring are.
- the resilient effect of the intermediate element can also be influenced by means of these bent extensions.
- one of the sections running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft is to be provided with a plurality of retaining lugs which are evenly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and extend substantially radially outward and engage behind the outer bearing ring. In this way the captive cohesion of the steering bearing unit is guaranteed.
- the other section running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft is provided with a plurality of projections which are evenly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and are directed essentially radially outward and on which a retaining ring is supported which is anchored on the steering shaft.
- the projections should be provided at their opposite ends in the circumferential direction with at least one extension. By contacting the section of the intermediate element running parallel to the longitudinal axis, these extensions ensure that the axial force exerted on the intermediate element can be limited.
- the retaining ring is provided with a plurality of retaining tabs which are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction and which dig into the steering shaft.
- the angular contact ball bearing is filled with an electrically conductive grease.
- Such greases generally contain a 20% copper content and ensure that the current transfer from the inner ring to the rolling elements and the outer ring is improved.
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of an intermediate element designed according to the invention without holding means and arranged on the left and right sides
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through an intermediate element according to FIG. 2.
- the angular contact ball bearing shown in FIG. 1 and designated 1 supports the steering shaft 4 which can be rotated about its axis 3 in the steering tube 2. It consists of the bearing outer ring 5 produced without cutting and the bearing inner ring 6 also produced without cutting, between the bearing balls 8 guided in the cage 7 on associated raceways roll off.
- the bearing outer ring 5, following its raceway area, has the area 5.1 running parallel to the axis 3, which is enclosed by the receiving bore of the steering tube 2.
- the bearing outer ring 5 is provided with the radially outwardly directed flange 5.2, which serves as a stop safety device.
- the bearing rings 5, 6 are made of a steel of the brand St4, 16MnCr5 or C80M and are subjected to a hardening process.
- the bearing inner ring 6 is supported on the steering shaft 4 via the intermediate element 9 and secured against axial displacement by means of the retaining ring 10, the retaining ring 10 either being present as a separate component or being integrally connected to the intermediate element 9.
- the intermediate element 9 is provided with a continuous slot 9.1 at one point on its circumference, so that it has resilient properties, that is to say that its circumferential extent is variable and can be adapted to the respective predetermined geometric conditions.
- the resilient properties can also be influenced by the type and thickness of the material used and by heat treatment processes.
- the inner bearing ring 6 of the angular contact ball bearing 1 is undercut by section 9.2, which extends at an angle ⁇ increasing to the axis 3.
- the section 9.2 is delimited at both axial ends by a section 9.3, 9.4 running parallel to the axis 3, which have the same inner diameter and make contact with the steering shaft 4.
- the inclined section 9.2 is divided into a plurality of individual bevels by exemptions 9.5 spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
- the oblique section 9.2 of the intermediate element 9 is provided on both sides in the circumferential direction with extensions 9.6, which can be bent either radially in the direction of the steering shaft 4 or radially in the direction of the bearing inner ring 6.
- the intermediate element 9 according to FIG. 1 is provided at its left-hand end with a plurality of retaining lugs 9.7 which are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction and which cover the bearing outer ring 5 in the radial direction.
- a pre-assembled unit consisting of the bearing components intermediate element 9, bearing inner ring 6, cage 7, bearing ball 8 and bearing outer ring 5 is formed, which cannot disintegrate into its individual components.
- the right-hand section 9.4 which likewise runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 3, merges at its outer end into a plurality of projections 9.8 arranged in a jagged manner and evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
- the current flows through the angular contact ball bearing 1 according to FIG. 1 in the radial direction from the inside to the outside via the steering shaft 4, the intermediate element 9, the bearing inner ring 6, the bearing balls 8, the bearing outer ring 5 and the steering tube 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Steering Controls (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Wälzlager zur Lagerung einer Lenkwelle Rolling bearings for the bearing of a steering shaft
Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wälzlager, insbesondere ein Schrägkugellager, zur Lagerung einer Lenkwelle eines Kraftfahrzeuges, bestehend aus einem Lage- rinnen- und einem Lageraußenring, zwischen denen auf zugehörigen Laufbahnen Lagerkugeln abwälzen, wobei der Innenring sich mittels eines einen radialen Abstand zwischen der Lenkwelle sowie dem Wälzlager überbrückenden Zwischenelements auf der Lenkwelle abstützt und in wenigstens eine Richtung auf der Lenkwelle gegen axiales Verschieben gesichert ist, wobei das Zwi- schenelement als ein rotationssymmetrisches Bauteil ausgebildet ist, das den Lagerinnenring mit einem schräg zu einer Längsachse der Lenkwelle verlaufenden Abschnitt untergreift.The invention relates to a rolling bearing, in particular an angular contact ball bearing, for mounting a steering shaft of a motor vehicle, consisting of a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring, between which bearing balls roll on associated raceways, the inner ring rolling by means of a radial distance between the steering shaft and the Intermediate roller bearing bridging element is supported on the steering shaft and is secured in at least one direction on the steering shaft against axial displacement, the intermediate element being designed as a rotationally symmetrical component which engages under the bearing inner ring with a section running obliquely to a longitudinal axis of the steering shaft.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the Invention
Derartige Wälzlager werden zur Lagerung von Lenkwellen in Lenksäulen in Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet. In den meisten Fällen ist das Lager ein Schrägkugellager, das zusammen mit einem weiteren Schrägkugellager eingesetzt und mit diesem weiteren Schrägkugellager sowie unterschiedlichen Vorspann- und Stützelementen eine Lageranordnung bildet. In der DE 40 13 655 C2 ist eine derartige Lageranordnung vorbeschrieben.Rolling bearings of this type are used for mounting steering shafts in steering columns in motor vehicles. In most cases, the bearing is an angular contact ball bearing, which is used together with another angular contact ball bearing and forms a bearing arrangement with this additional angular contact ball bearing and various preloading and supporting elements. Such a bearing arrangement is previously described in DE 40 13 655 C2.
Ein weiteres gattungsgemäßes Schrägkugellager, wie es häufig zur Lagerung von Lenkwellen verwendet wird, ist aus der DE 38 08 556 A1 vorbekannt. Der Innenring ist von einem Toleranzring aus einem Kunststoff aufgenommen, der den Innen- und Außenring mit einem radialen Vorsprung hintergreift. Am ande- ren axialen Ende des Innenringes ist ein Federelement in Form eines Federringes angeordnet, das im Toleranzring durch eine Sperrscheibe gehalten ist, die ebenfalls im Toleranzring durch einen radial nach innen weisenden Vorsprung gesichert ist. Auf diese Weise ist eine vorgespannte Baueinheit aus dem Wälz- lager und den Halteelementen bzw. Spannelementen gebildet. Damit ist bei der Montage nur noch ein einziges, durch einfaches axiales Aufschieben vormontierbares Teil vorhanden.Another generic angular contact ball bearing, as it is often used for the bearing of steering shafts, is previously known from DE 38 08 556 A1. The inner ring is received by a tolerance ring made of a plastic, which engages behind the inner and outer ring with a radial projection. On the other Ren axial end of the inner ring, a spring element in the form of a spring ring is arranged, which is held in the tolerance ring by a locking washer, which is also secured in the tolerance ring by a radially inward projection. In this way, a preloaded structural unit is formed from the roller bearing and the holding elements or clamping elements. This means that there is only a single part that can be preassembled by simply axially sliding on during assembly.
Wenn ein derartiges Lager als oberes Lenkungslager in einer Lenksäule ein- gesetzt ist, müssen Mittel zur Übertragung des elektrischen Stromes von der Lenkwelle über das Wälzlager zum aufnehmenden Lenkrohr vorhanden sein. Dies ist für die Betätigung des Signalhorns oder für das Auslösen des Airbags erforderlich. Die leitende Verbindung zwischen Lenkwelle und Lenkrohr kann beispielsweise derart erfolgen, dass eine Wickelfeder Lenkwelle und Lenkrohr leitend verbindet. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass im oberen Lenkungslager ein leitender Zwischenring angeordnet ist, der eine stromleitende Verbindung zwischen Lenkungslager und Welle herstellt. Die Stromübertragung erfolgt in diesem Falle über Lenkwelle, leitenden Zwischenring, inneren Laufring, Wälzkörper, äußeren Laufring bis hin zum Lenkrohr. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass in diesen Fällen ein zusätzliches Teil, nämlich die Wickelfeder oder der Zwischenring, gefertigt und gehandhabt werden müssen. Das verteuert den Montagevorgang und erhöht den Preis eines solchen Lenkungslagers. In der DE 199 52 119 A1 ist ein solches Lenkungslager vorbeschrieben.If such a bearing is used as an upper steering bearing in a steering column, means for transmitting the electrical current from the steering shaft via the roller bearing to the receiving steering tube must be available. This is necessary to activate the signal horn or to deploy the airbag. The conductive connection between the steering shaft and the steering tube can be made, for example, in such a way that a coil spring connects the steering shaft and the steering tube in a conductive manner. Another possibility is that a conductive intermediate ring is arranged in the upper steering bearing, which creates a current-conducting connection between the steering bearing and the shaft. In this case, the power is transmitted via the steering shaft, conductive intermediate ring, inner race, rolling elements, outer race to the steering tube. The disadvantage here is that in these cases an additional part, namely the clock spring or the intermediate ring, must be manufactured and handled. This makes the assembly process more expensive and increases the price of such a steering bearing. Such a steering bearing is described in DE 199 52 119 A1.
Eine andere Art der Stromübertragung zwischen Lenkwelle und Lenkrohr geht aus der DE 199 22 914 A1 hervor. Danach wird der Strom durch einen Toleranzring übertragen, der aus einem leitend gemachten Kunststoff hergestellt ist. Die Leitfähigkeit des Kunststoffes kann beispielsweise durch den Zusatz von Kohlefasern oder auch durch einen leitenden Überzug hergestellt sein. Einerseits ist ein solch elektrisch leitend gemachter Kunststoff in seiner Herstellung verteuert und andererseits hat sich in der Praxis gezeigt, dass er den Strom nur unzureichend überträgt. Auch kann es passieren, dass die leitfähige Schicht abplatzt.Another type of power transmission between the steering shaft and steering tube can be found in DE 199 22 914 A1. Then the current is transmitted through a tolerance ring made of a plastic made conductive. The conductivity of the plastic can be produced, for example, by the addition of carbon fibers or by a conductive coating. On the one hand, such an electrically conductive plastic is more expensive to manufacture, and on the other hand, practice has shown that it can Electricity transmission is insufficient. It can also happen that the conductive layer flakes off.
Aus der US 2,232,473 ist ein Lenkungslager bekannt geworden, das über ei- nen zwischen Lagerinnenring und Lenkwelle angeordneten Zwischenring abgestützt ist. Dieser Zwischenring wirkt jedoch nur als Klemmring. Für die Einstellung der Lageranordnung ist daher ein Federelement erforderlich, das den Zwischenring mit einer axialen Kraft beaufschlagt, die über eine Schräge des Zwischenringes in radialer Richtung umgelenkt wird. Das Federelement erfor- dert jedoch einen zusätzlichen axialen Bauraum. Es ist auch von Nachteil, dass diese Lageranordnung einen separaten Haltering benötigt, der das Lager während der Montage zusammenhält. Dieser Haltering, der als separates Bauteil gefertigt werden muß, wirkt demnach nur als Montagehilfe und ist nach der Montage überflüssig. Sein Anfertigen und Handhaben verteuert daher die Lenkungslagerbaueinheit unnötig.A steering bearing is known from US Pat. No. 2,232,473, which is supported via an intermediate ring arranged between the bearing inner ring and the steering shaft. However, this intermediate ring only acts as a clamping ring. For the adjustment of the bearing arrangement, therefore, a spring element is required which acts on the intermediate ring with an axial force which is deflected in the radial direction via a slope of the intermediate ring. However, the spring element requires an additional axial installation space. It is also disadvantageous that this bearing arrangement requires a separate retaining ring that holds the bearing together during assembly. This retaining ring, which must be manufactured as a separate component, therefore acts only as an assembly aid and is unnecessary after assembly. Its manufacture and handling therefore make the steering bearing assembly unnecessarily expensive.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Lenkungslager zu entwickeln, dessen Herstellung und Montage vereinfacht ist und das eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweist.The object of the invention is therefore to develop a steering bearing, the manufacture and assembly of which is simplified and which has good electrical conductivity.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 1 in Verbindung mit dessen Oberbegriff dadurch gelöst, dass das Zwischenelement aus einem leitfähigen Material hergestellt ist und an einem Ende Mittel aufweist, die das Schrägkugellager radial hintergreifen, während am anderen Ende Haltemittel angeordnet sind, die sich auf der Lenkwelle abstützen.According to the invention this object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in conjunction with the preamble in that the intermediate element is made of a conductive material and has at one end means which engage radially behind the angular contact ball bearing, while at the other end holding means are arranged which are supported on the steering shaft.
Dieses metallische Zwischenelement ist in vielfältigen Formen in einfacher Weise herstellbar und sorgt dafür, dass einerseits die Stromübertragung wir- kungsvoll gesichert ist und andererseits der Zusammenhalt und die Steifigkeit der Lagerung gewährleistet sind. Dabei wird eine relativ hohe Steifigkeit bei einem nur geringen Reibmoment angestrebt. Dieses metallische Zwischenelement macht auch leitende Kunststoffe entbehrlich, die, wie bereits ausgeführt, in ihrer Herstellung sehr kostenaufwendig sind. Das erfindungsgemäße Zwischenelement vereinigt in sich mehrere Funktionen. Dies sind die Klemmwirkung auf der Lenkwelle und damit die Vorspannung des Lenkungslagers, die Übertragung des elektrischen Stromes und der Zusammenhalt der aus mehreren Einzelteilen bestehenden Lagerbaueinheit. Damit ist eine Baueinheit ge- schaffen, dessen Zwischenelement das Lager zentriert, als Federmittel wirkt und gleichzeitig stromleitend ist.This metallic intermediate element can be produced in a variety of forms in a simple manner and ensures that, on the one hand, the power transmission is effective. is securely secured and, on the other hand, the cohesion and rigidity of the bearing are guaranteed. A relatively high stiffness with only a low frictional torque is aimed for. This metallic intermediate element also makes conductive plastics unnecessary, which, as already stated, are very costly to produce. The intermediate element according to the invention combines several functions. These are the clamping effect on the steering shaft and thus the preload of the steering bearing, the transmission of the electrical current and the cohesion of the bearing assembly consisting of several individual parts. This creates a structural unit, the intermediate element of which centers the bearing, acts as a spring means and at the same time is electrically conductive.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 9 aufgeführt und werden nachstehend beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in subclaims 2 to 9 and are described below.
So ist nach Anspruch 2 vorgesehen, dass der Abschnitt des Zwischenelementes an seinen in axialer Richtung gegenüberliegenden Enden in je einen parallel zur Längsachse der Lenkwelle verlaufenden Abschnitt übergeht, die beide einen gleichen Durchmesser aufweisen, wobei der schräg verlaufende Ab- schnitt durch in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Freistellungen in mehrere, gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandete Einzelschrägen untergliedert ist.It is provided according to claim 2 that the section of the intermediate element at its axially opposite ends merges into a section running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft, both of which have the same diameter, the inclined section being spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction Exemptions is divided into several, equally spaced single slopes.
Aus Anspruch 3 geht vor, dass das Zwischenelement an einer Umfangsstelle mit einem Längsschlitz versehen ist. Auf diese Weise ist die federnde Wirkung des Zwischenelements in Umfangsrichtung realisiert, so dass es sich unterschiedlichen radialen Bauräumen anpassen kann.From claim 3 it goes that the intermediate element is provided with a longitudinal slot at a circumferential point. In this way, the resilient effect of the intermediate element is realized in the circumferential direction, so that it can adapt to different radial installation spaces.
Nach einem anderen Merkmal gemäß Anspruch 4 ist vorgesehen, dass die Einzelschrägen beidseitig in Umfangsrichtung mit Fortsätzen versehen sind, die radial in Richtung Lenkwelle oder in Richtung Lagerinnenring umbiegbar sind. Mittels dieser umgebogenen Fortsätze kann ebenfalls die federnde Wirkung des Zwischenelementes beeinflußt werden.According to another feature according to claim 4, it is provided that the individual bevels are provided on both sides in the circumferential direction with extensions which can be bent radially in the direction of the steering shaft or in the direction of the bearing inner ring are. The resilient effect of the intermediate element can also be influenced by means of these bent extensions.
Nach einem weiteren zusätzlichen Merkmal gemäß Anspruch 5 soll einer der parallel zur Längsachse der Lenkwelle verlaufenden Abschnitte mit mehreren gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten, im wesentlich radial nach außen gerichteten Haltenasen versehen sein, die den Lageraußenring hintergreifen. Auf diese Weise ist der verliersichere Zusammenhalt der Lenkungslagereinheit gewährleistet.According to a further additional feature according to claim 5, one of the sections running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft is to be provided with a plurality of retaining lugs which are evenly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and extend substantially radially outward and engage behind the outer bearing ring. In this way the captive cohesion of the steering bearing unit is guaranteed.
Aus Anspruch 6 geht hervor, dass der andere parallel zur Längsachse der Lenkwelle verlaufende Abschnitt mit mehreren gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten, im wesentlich radial nach außen gerichteten Vorsprüngen versehen ist, an denen sich ein Haltering abstützt, der auf der Lenk- welle verankert ist.It is apparent from claim 6 that the other section running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the steering shaft is provided with a plurality of projections which are evenly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and are directed essentially radially outward and on which a retaining ring is supported which is anchored on the steering shaft.
Nach Anspruch 7 sollen die Vorsprünge an ihren in Umfangsrichtung gegenüberliegenden Enden mit wenigstens einem Fortsatz versehen sein. Diese Fortsätze sorgen durch Anlage am parallel zur Längsachse verlaufenden Abschnitt des Zwischenelementes dafür, dass die auf das Zwischenelement ausgeübte Axialkraft begrenzt werden kann.According to claim 7, the projections should be provided at their opposite ends in the circumferential direction with at least one extension. By contacting the section of the intermediate element running parallel to the longitudinal axis, these extensions ensure that the axial force exerted on the intermediate element can be limited.
Aus Anspruch 8 geht hervor, dass der Haltering mit mehreren gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Haltelappen versehen ist, die sich in die Lenkwelle eingraben.It is apparent from claim 8 that the retaining ring is provided with a plurality of retaining tabs which are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction and which dig into the steering shaft.
Schließlich ist nach Anspruch 9 vorgesehen, dass das Schrägkugellager mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Fett befüllt ist. Derartige Fette enthalten in der Regel einen 20%igen Kupferanteil und sorgen dafür, dass der Stromübergang von Innenring zu Wälzkörpern und Außenring verbessert ist. Die Erfindung wird an nachstehendem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.Finally, it is provided according to claim 9 that the angular contact ball bearing is filled with an electrically conductive grease. Such greases generally contain a 20% copper content and ensure that the current transfer from the inner ring to the rolling elements and the outer ring is improved. The invention is explained in more detail using the following exemplary embodiment.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäß ausgebildetes1 shows a longitudinal section through an inventive
Lenkungslager,Steering bearings,
Figur 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Zwischenelementes ohne links- und rechtsseitig angeordnete Haltemittel undFigure 2 is a perspective view of an intermediate element designed according to the invention without holding means and arranged on the left and right sides
Figur 3 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Zwischenelement gemäß Figur 2.FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through an intermediate element according to FIG. 2.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungenDetailed description of the drawings
Das in Figur 1 gezeigte und mit 1 bezeichnete Schrägkugellager lagert im Lenkrohr 2 die um ihre Achse 3 drehbare Lenkwelle 4. Es besteht aus dem spanlos hergestellten Lageraußenring 5 und dem ebenfalls spanlos hergestellten Lagerinnenring 6, zwischen den auf zugehörigen Laufbahnen im Käfig 7 geführte Lagerkugeln 8 abwälzen. Der Lageraußenring 5 weist im Anschluß an seinen Laufbahnbereich den parallel zur Achse 3 verlaufenden Bereich 5.1 auf, der von der Aufnahmebohrung des Lenkrohres 2 umschlossen ist. Am rechts- seifigen Ende ist der Lageraußenring 5 mit dem radial nach außen gerichteten Flansch 5.2 versehen, der als Anschlagsicherung dient. Die Lagerringe 5, 6 sind aus einem Stahl der Marke St4, 16MnCr5 oder C80M gefertigt und einem Härtevorgang unterworfen. Der Lagerinnenring 6 ist über das Zwischenelement 9 auf der Lenkwelle 4 abgestützt und mittels Haltering 10 gegen axiales Ver- schieben gesichert, wobei der Haltering 10 entweder als separates Bauteil vorhanden oder einstückig mit dem Zwischenelement 9 verbunden ist. Wie die Figur 2 zeigt, ist das Zwischenelement 9 an einer Stelle seines Umfan- ges mit einem durchgehenden Schlitz 9.1 versehen, so dass es federnde Eigenschaften aufweist, dass heißt, seine Umfangsausdehnung ist veränderlich und jeweiligen vorgegebenen geometrischen Verhältnissen anpaßbar. Darü- berhinaus können die federnden Eigenschaften noch durch Art und Stärke des verwendeten Materials sowie durch Wärrhebehandlungsverfahren beeinflusst werden. Der Lagerinnenring 6 des Schrägkugellagers 1 wird vom Abschnitt 9.2 Untergriffen, der unter einem Winkel α ansteigend zur Achse 3 verläuft. Der Abschnitt 9.2 ist an beiden axialen Enden von je einem parallel zur Achse 3 verlaufenden Abschnitt 9.3, 9.4 begrenzt, die den gleichen Innendurchmesser aufweisen und den Kontakt mit der Lenkwelle 4 herstellen. Wie die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen, ist der schräg verlaufende Abschnitt 9.2 durch in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Freistellungen 9.5 in eine Vielzahl von Einzelschrägen untergliedert. Wie die Figuren 2 und 3 weiter zeigen, ist der schräg verlaufende Abschnitt 9.2 des Zwischenelementes 9 beidseitig in Umfangsrichtung mit Fortsätzen 9.6 versehen, die entweder radial in Richtung der Lenkwelle 4 oder radial in Richtung des Lagerinnenringes 6 umbiegbar sind. Auf diese Weise ist es nochmals möglich, die Elastizität des Zwischenelementes 9 zu beeinflussen. Das Zwischenelement 9 gemäß Figur 1 ist an seinem linksseiti- gen Ende mit mehreren gleichmäßig in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Haltenasen 9.7 versehen, die den Lageraußenring 5 in radialer Richtung überdecken. Auf diese Weise ist eine vormontierte, aus den Lagerbestandteilen Zwischenelement 9, Lagerinnenring 6, Käfig 7, Lagerkugel 8 und Lageraußenring 5 bestehende Baueinheit gebildet, die nicht in ihre Einzelbe- standteile zerfallen kann. Der rechtsseitige Abschnitt 9.4, der ebenfalls parallel zur Längsachse 3 verläuft, geht an seinem äußeren Ende in mehrere zackenartig angeordnete, in Umfangsrichtung gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandete Vorsprünge 9.8 über. An diesen Vorsprüngen 9.8 ist an einem Ende je ein Fortsatz 9.9 angeordnet, der sich abgewinkelt parallel zur Achse 3 erstreckt. Diese Fortsätze 9.9 wirken als Überlastschutz, wenn wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, bei einer zu starken vom Haltering 10 ausgeübten Axialkraft sie sich in Richtung des parallel zur Längsachse 3 verlaufenden Abschnittes 9.4 bewegen und im Extremfall an diesem zur Anlage kommen.The angular contact ball bearing shown in FIG. 1 and designated 1 supports the steering shaft 4 which can be rotated about its axis 3 in the steering tube 2. It consists of the bearing outer ring 5 produced without cutting and the bearing inner ring 6 also produced without cutting, between the bearing balls 8 guided in the cage 7 on associated raceways roll off. The bearing outer ring 5, following its raceway area, has the area 5.1 running parallel to the axis 3, which is enclosed by the receiving bore of the steering tube 2. At the right-hand soapy end, the bearing outer ring 5 is provided with the radially outwardly directed flange 5.2, which serves as a stop safety device. The bearing rings 5, 6 are made of a steel of the brand St4, 16MnCr5 or C80M and are subjected to a hardening process. The bearing inner ring 6 is supported on the steering shaft 4 via the intermediate element 9 and secured against axial displacement by means of the retaining ring 10, the retaining ring 10 either being present as a separate component or being integrally connected to the intermediate element 9. As FIG. 2 shows, the intermediate element 9 is provided with a continuous slot 9.1 at one point on its circumference, so that it has resilient properties, that is to say that its circumferential extent is variable and can be adapted to the respective predetermined geometric conditions. In addition, the resilient properties can also be influenced by the type and thickness of the material used and by heat treatment processes. The inner bearing ring 6 of the angular contact ball bearing 1 is undercut by section 9.2, which extends at an angle α increasing to the axis 3. The section 9.2 is delimited at both axial ends by a section 9.3, 9.4 running parallel to the axis 3, which have the same inner diameter and make contact with the steering shaft 4. As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, the inclined section 9.2 is divided into a plurality of individual bevels by exemptions 9.5 spaced apart in the circumferential direction. As FIGS. 2 and 3 further show, the oblique section 9.2 of the intermediate element 9 is provided on both sides in the circumferential direction with extensions 9.6, which can be bent either radially in the direction of the steering shaft 4 or radially in the direction of the bearing inner ring 6. In this way it is again possible to influence the elasticity of the intermediate element 9. The intermediate element 9 according to FIG. 1 is provided at its left-hand end with a plurality of retaining lugs 9.7 which are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction and which cover the bearing outer ring 5 in the radial direction. In this way, a pre-assembled unit consisting of the bearing components intermediate element 9, bearing inner ring 6, cage 7, bearing ball 8 and bearing outer ring 5 is formed, which cannot disintegrate into its individual components. The right-hand section 9.4, which likewise runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 3, merges at its outer end into a plurality of projections 9.8 arranged in a jagged manner and evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction. At each end of these projections 9.8 there is an extension 9.9 which extends at an angle parallel to the axis 3. These extensions 9.9 act as overload protection, if, as can be seen from FIG. 1, if the axial force exerted by the retaining ring 10 is too great, they protrude Move the direction of the section 9.4 running parallel to the longitudinal axis 3 and, in extreme cases, come to rest against it.
Der Stromdurchfluß durch das Schrägkugellager 1 gemäß Figur 1 erfolgt in radialer Richtung von innen nach außen über Lenkwelle 4, Zwischenelement 9, Lagerinnenring 6, Lagerkugeln 8, Lageraußenring 5 bis hin zum Lenkrohr 2. The current flows through the angular contact ball bearing 1 according to FIG. 1 in the radial direction from the inside to the outside via the steering shaft 4, the intermediate element 9, the bearing inner ring 6, the bearing balls 8, the bearing outer ring 5 and the steering tube 2.
Bezugszeichenreference numeral
1 Schragkugellager1 angular contact ball bearing
2 Lenkrohr2 steering tube
3 Achse3 axis
4 Lenkwelle4 steering shaft
5 Lageraußenring5 bearing outer ring
5.1 Bereich5.1 area
5.2 Flansch5.2 flange
6 Lagerinnenring6 bearing inner ring
7 Käfig7 cage
8 Lagerkugel8 bearing ball
9 Zwischenelement9 intermediate element
9.1 Längsschlitz9.1 Longitudinal slot
9.2 Abschnitt9.2 section
9.3 Abschnitt9.3 section
9.4 Abschnitt9.4 section
9.5 Freistellung9.5 Exemption
9.6 Fortsatz9.6 continuation
9.7 Haltenase9.7 Retaining nose
9.8 Vorsprung9.8 lead
9.9 Fortsatz9.9 continuation
10 Haltering10 retaining ring
10.1 Haltelappen10.1 Holding tab
ex Neigungswinkel ex angle of inclination
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003298175A AU2003298175A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-12-11 | Roller bearing for bearing a steering shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10300725.3 | 2003-01-11 | ||
| DE10300725A DE10300725A1 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | Rolling bearings for the bearing of a steering shaft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004063577A2 true WO2004063577A2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| WO2004063577A3 WO2004063577A3 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
Family
ID=32519823
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2003/014048 Ceased WO2004063577A2 (en) | 2003-01-11 | 2003-12-11 | Roller bearing for bearing a steering shaft |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003298175A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10300725A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004063577A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013017156A1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Steering column with a steering bearing and steering bearing for a steering column |
| EP2687421A1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-22 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Angular contact ball bearing assembly for use in a steering column |
| FR3004770A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-24 | Skf Ab | BEARING BEARING DEVICE FOR STEERING COLUMN |
| US8926189B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2015-01-06 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Rolling bearing device for steering column |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005054750B4 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2014-12-18 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bearing arrangement for supporting a shaft |
| DE102006060883A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Schaeffler Kg | Clamping system for the axial clamping of machine elements on a shaft or in a housing |
| FR2915778B1 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2009-10-02 | Skf Ab | BEARING BEARING DEVICE FOR STEERING COLUMN |
| EP2249050B1 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2012-10-31 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Rolling bearing assembly and vehicle steering shaft. |
| DE102009038222A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Rolling bearing assembly, in particular an angular contact ball bearing assembly for pivotally mounting a shaft |
| DE102009051107B3 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-04-28 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag | Support for swiveling storage of steering shaft of steering column for motor vehicle, comprises jacket pipe of steering column, which has inner ring that is formed opposite to steering shaft |
| FR2991411A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-06 | Skf Ab | BEARING BEARING DEVICE FOR STEERING COLUMN. |
| DE102016209399A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-30 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | bearing arrangement |
| DE102017119986A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Rolling bearing arrangement for a steering column |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2232473A (en) * | 1939-05-10 | 1941-02-18 | Gemmer Mfg Co | Self-adjusting antifriction bearing |
| US4181380A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1980-01-01 | Skf Compagnie D'applications Mechaniques | Self aligning clutch release bearing |
| DE3808556A1 (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1989-09-28 | Kugelfischer G Schaefer & Co | Angular contact rolling bearing, particularly for steering columns of motor vehicles |
| GB2231099B (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1993-04-07 | Torrington Co | Shafts mounted in ball or roller bearings |
| FR2718803B1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-07-19 | Nadella | Improved cartridge with angular contact bearing and its application to a vehicle steering. |
| FR2780117B1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-08-04 | Skf France | ROLLING BEARING |
| DE19837578A1 (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-02-24 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Automotive clutch release bearing comprises integral rim-beaded outer ring to bridge inter-ring gap plus inner ring beading as beading support |
| FR2782758B1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2000-09-29 | Skf France | ROLLING BEARING |
| FR2789134B1 (en) * | 1999-02-01 | 2001-05-04 | Nadella | ASSEMBLY FOR SETTING A BALL BEARING ON A SHAFT, BEARING MODULE AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE SHAFT IN A SUPPORT BY MEANS OF THE SET |
| DE19922914A1 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-23 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Rolling bearing for a steering shaft for motor vehicles comprises a tolerance ring made of an electrically conductive polymer material |
| DE19952119A1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-03 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Angular ball bearing for car steering shaft has flexible plastic tolerance ring between inner ring and shaft, mounting between shaft and ring having retaining components with claws which fit over outer ring |
| DE19961709A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-07-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Locking device for adjusting axial play of bearing for spindle comprises spring washer fitted over spindle with annular outer section which rests against bearing mounting and inwardly-extending trapezium-shaped tongues |
| DE10027513A1 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Bearing for bearing a steering shaft |
-
2003
- 2003-01-11 DE DE10300725A patent/DE10300725A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-11 AU AU2003298175A patent/AU2003298175A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-11 WO PCT/EP2003/014048 patent/WO2004063577A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8926189B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2015-01-06 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Rolling bearing device for steering column |
| WO2013017156A1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Steering column with a steering bearing and steering bearing for a steering column |
| US8997601B2 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2015-04-07 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Steering column comprising a steering bearing, and a steering bearing of a steering column |
| EP2687421A1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-22 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Angular contact ball bearing assembly for use in a steering column |
| FR3004770A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-24 | Skf Ab | BEARING BEARING DEVICE FOR STEERING COLUMN |
| US9341216B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2016-05-17 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Rolling bearing assembly device for steering column |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10300725A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
| WO2004063577A3 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
| AU2003298175A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
| AU2003298175A8 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
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