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WO2004048890A1 - Optique de reproduction, procede et dispositif de determination optique de la distance d'un objet - Google Patents

Optique de reproduction, procede et dispositif de determination optique de la distance d'un objet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004048890A1
WO2004048890A1 PCT/DE2003/003908 DE0303908W WO2004048890A1 WO 2004048890 A1 WO2004048890 A1 WO 2004048890A1 DE 0303908 W DE0303908 W DE 0303908W WO 2004048890 A1 WO2004048890 A1 WO 2004048890A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
imaging optics
imaging
point
image plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2003/003908
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Ott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2003289808A priority Critical patent/AU2003289808A1/en
Publication of WO2004048890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004048890A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G02B17/0856—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors
    • G02B17/086—Catadioptric systems comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/0621—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
    • G02B19/0023—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) at least one surface having optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to imaging optics according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for optically determining the distance between a measuring device and an object according to the preamble of claim 13 and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a contactless distance measurement to a measurement object can be carried out using so-called optical triangulation sensors.
  • Such triangulation sensors are used in industry for the inspection of manufactured mechanical components and for determining the shape of components with free-form surfaces and, for example, subsequently returning the data to a CAD system.
  • the width of gaps for example the gap between the door and the body on a car or edges, can also be measured using triangulation sensors.
  • a method for optically determining the distance between a measuring device and selectable locations on the surface of a test specimen is known from German patent specification DE 35 07 445 C2. In this method, a mark is projected onto a selected location and imaged on the measuring device by means of imaging optics, the distance to be determined being determined from the image width of the mark.
  • Imaging optics with spherical aberration are used, in which the rays emanating from the mark are collected in an annular zone concentrically surrounding the optical axis of the imaging optics, excluding the beam path close to the axis.
  • the position of the ring zone serves as a measure for determining the image width.
  • a special, comparatively expensive optical detector is required to determine the position of the image zone.
  • suppression of stray light is only possible to a limited extent with this detector, which limits the measuring accuracy.
  • the invention is based on the object, in particular in the case of distance measuring devices, small area detectors, such as commercially available CCD or CMOS detectors.
  • the invention is based on an imaging optics with imaging means, which has at least one curved surface include and generate an image in a plane (image plane) from an object point.
  • the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the imaging means are designed such that when the object point is moved along at least one axis (displacement axis) that intersects the image plane, the image always arises in the same image plane, ie the image plane remains unchanged on the same Position, and with the exception of a single case in which a point-to-point mapping occurs, which can occur if the image of the object point lies on the displacement axis that intersects the image plane, the image from at least one curved line consists of several straight line pieces or at least one curved and one straight line piece.
  • This procedure has the advantage in comparison with the measuring device disclosed in DE 35 07 445 C2 in particular that a flat conventional detector can be used to detect the image and that the image of an object point can be generated in a comparatively small area, which in particular the Use of conventional CCD or CMOS detectors allowed to evaluate the image.
  • the imaging means are applied directly to the detector, for example by gluing.
  • the image plane shifts when an object point is shifted along the optical axis.
  • the same image plane always results from the sum of the images in all tangential planes. Tangential planes are all planes that contain the displacement axis.
  • an object point that is displaced along the displacement axis is always depicted on a straight line, the optical axis and the displacement axis falling apart in each tangential plane. All straight lines on which the images of different object points along the displacement axis for the different tangential planes are also in one plane, namely the excellent image plane.
  • its optical axis is a line that is bent on the curved surface.
  • the optics can be designed so that the width of the line figure, which results in particular from the blurred image, does not impair a distance measurement.
  • the image plane runs perpendicular to the displacement axis.
  • the imaging optics can be constructed symmetrically, in particular rotationally symmetrically, about an axis that preferably coincides with the displacement axis.
  • Is the object point e.g. A light mark on the object to be measured, not exactly on the displacement or symmetry axis, creates a blurred circle on a detector in the image plane, the center of which is not on the displacement axis. From the determination of the position and possibly the size, however, the position of the location on the object, i.e. the distance to the displacement axis perpendicular to the displacement axis.
  • the at least one curved surface does not have to be rotationally symmetrical throughout, it can be symmetrical with respect to a displacement axis in such a way that it consists of several segments in the circumferential direction. It can also be completely asymmetrical, meaning that every cutting line has a plane perpendicular to the axis of displacement has another non-rotationally symmetrical line shape, which can also be interrupted. Accordingly, any curved sections can be used when viewed in the direction of the displacement axis, which sections can also be interrupted.
  • the at least one curved surface is preferably designed such that when the object point is displaced along the displacement axis, the structure of the image, i.e. does not change a line structure shown, only the size of this structure.
  • the mapping over the curved line advantageously also has the property that the position of the image about the displacement axis remains the same when the object point is displaced along the displacement axis. As a result, even with a larger displacement of the object point along the displacement axis, the image is always generated around a kind of imaginary center, with respect to which the position of the image structure remains the same, only its size varies.
  • the at least one curved surface works as a mirror.
  • the structure consists of a, in particular, rotationally symmetrical concave mirror.
  • the mirror surface can also be constructed in such a way that cross sections are elliptical or implement a slightly different spatial line, as a result of which the imaging quality of an object point outside a position of the displacement axis can be improved.
  • the reflection surface can also be configured such that the reflection is due to total internal Reflection occurs and therefore no coating is necessary for reflection.
  • a body in particular a rotationally symmetrical body, made of transparent material, e.g. Glass or plastic are used, on which the reflection surface is attached outside.
  • crushing surfaces can be realized on this body, which serve to improve the imaging quality and to change the imaging scale.
  • a refractive surface can be a section of a circular torus or can deviate slightly from the circular cross section in order to increase the imaging quality. In the event that the imaging means essentially consist of one body, no mutual adjustment of optical elements is required.
  • the reflection surface can also be realized as a section of a cone. In this case, the refractive power required for imaging is generated solely by additional refractive surfaces.
  • the imaging means comprise a plurality of curved, in particular rotationally symmetrical, reflection surfaces.
  • the imaging quality, the imaging scale, the angle at which the scattered rays of an object point are collected by the optics and the angle of incidence of the rays in an image plane in which e.g. a detector is arranged can be improved compared to the use of only one reflection surface.
  • the reflection surfaces are advantageously arranged in a single component, so that mutual adjustment is not necessary.
  • the one or more reflection surfaces can have an in particular annular slot through which Pass rays from a mirror further out.
  • a hyperbolic or a slightly different shape can advantageously also be used alone or as a supplement.
  • the image of the image plane can also be e.g. represent a virtual intermediate level.
  • the intermediate image level can then be extended to a further level, e.g. a detector plane can be mapped.
  • an imaging optical system is provided in the center of the imaging means, which allows the surface of the measurement object to be observed simultaneously with a detector in the image plane. In this way, e.g. determine where a measuring point is located at the desired location on the topography of the measuring object.
  • the measuring point is preferably mapped to the position of the detector at which the displacement axis intersects the detector. Except for a single excellent point, only circular rings are arranged on the detector, which are arranged around the image of the measuring point on the detector, so that this type of observation is possible without superimposition.
  • the described imaging optics can preferably be used to determine the distance of a measuring device with such imaging optics to an object point.
  • the main idea of the invention is that the imaging means that the image is always created in the same image plane, even if the object point is displaced along at least the axis of displacement the image plane intersects and with the exception of a single case in which a point-to-point mapping occurs, at least one curved line, a plurality of straight line pieces or at least one curved and at least one straight line is generated as an image and from the size of the line structures in the distance to the object point is determined in the image plane. If the image of the object point lies on the displacement axis, a point-to-point mapping can result.
  • a device for carrying out the method also has means for projecting a mark, e.g. a laser diode, the light of which is aligned along the displacement axis.
  • a mark e.g. a laser diode
  • scanning means are provided before and or after the imaging means.
  • an illuminating beam of the means for projection and the reflected light can be scanned onto a detector, that is to say the detection beam, so that not only one measuring point is measured, but one by scanning Sequence of measuring points, ie a line.
  • Movable mirrors or prisms e.g. B. a rotating polygon mirror or a rotating glass wedge.
  • the optical path length will change regularly due to the simultaneous scanning of the illumination beam and the detection beam, so that the position of an emerging line figure, for example a circle, remains constant on the detector, but not its size. This changes in the chronological sequence of the scanning process in accordance with the scanned distance profile on the measurement object.
  • scanning means are present in order to scan only the illumination beam generated by the means for projecting a mark.
  • This measure results in line figures in chronological order on the detector, their position, e.g. the center of a circle, and size, e.g. the diameter of the circle on the detector varies.
  • the line figure is usually blurred when the scanned illumination beam illuminates object points that lie outside the displacement axis or axis of symmetry.
  • the system can be designed so that from the determination of the parameters of the line figure, e.g. Diameter and center point of a circle, the distance of the associated object point and possibly its location on the object.
  • the projection means generate multiple illuminating beams for multiple brands. This creates several line figures on a detector at the same time. As a rule, the line figures that lead to lighting rays outside the Axis of displacement or axis of symmetry are out of focus on the detector, as described above. Nevertheless, if the system is suitably designed, it can be concluded from the determination of the parameters of the line figure and / or the intersections of the line figures that the object points belonging to the individual illumination beams are spaced apart. The position of the respective line figure on the detector can be used to assign the line figure to the respective illumination beam.
  • the brightness of the illumination beam generated by the means for projecting a mark is preferably adjustable. This means that the marks created on the object can always be imaged onto the detector as brightly as possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment with reflection means different from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 1 shows an imaging optics with a rotationally symmetrical concave mirror surface 2 around an axis of symmetry 3.
  • the characteristic of the imaging optics lies in the fact that regardless of the position of an object point 4, 5 on an axis 3, which here coincides with the axis of symmetry of the concave mirror 2 and is also, for example, perpendicular to the image plane 8, the image is always in the same Image plane 8 is created.
  • a detector e.g. a CCD or CMOS detector can be arranged with which the image of an object point is analyzed. Furthermore, e.g. With the aid of a laser diode with collimation optics in the direction and preferably along the axis 3, an illuminating light beam is generated, which illuminates the point to be measured on the object and its scattered radiation (the reflected light bundles 6, 7 are shown in FIG. 1) in the image plane, e.g. is evaluated with an area detector.
  • FIG. 2 shows an imaging optics 20 with two light beams 21 and 22, likewise drawn in by way of example, from two object points 4, 5, which are imaged in the image plane 8 in the images 4 'and 5'.
  • the reflection of the light rays emanating from an object point does not take place on a concave mirror, but on the curved outside 23 of a transparent, here rotationally symmetrical body 24, e.g. made of glass or plastic.
  • the reflecting outside 23 can be mirrored for this purpose.
  • refractive surfaces can be provided on the body in the areas 23a and 23b.
  • a refractive surface can be a section of a circular torus or can deviate slightly from the circular cross section to improve the image quality even further. Since the reflection surface and the possible refractive surfaces are designed on a one-piece body, there is no need to adjust optical elements.
  • Figures 3a to 3d show imaging optics 30 to 33 which have two, preferably rotationally symmetrical mirror surfaces, e.g. Have concave mirror surfaces 34a to 34d or 35a to 35d.
  • the imaging optics, the imaging scale, the angle at which the scattered rays are collected by the optics and the angle of incidence of the rays in a detector (not shown) in the image plane 8 can be improved by using several, in particular two, mirror surfaces compared to the use of only one mirror surface become.
  • each mirror 43a to 43c has a slot 44, in particular in a ring over the entire circumference of the respective concave mirror 43a to 43c, through the light rays of can pass through the concave mirror 45a to 45c further out to the respective further concave mirror 46a, 46b, 46c.
  • This allows a larger beam of rays to be collected and thus more light-sensitive detection.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une optique de reproduction (1) comprenant des moyens de reproduction qui comportent au moins une surface incurvée (2) et génèrent une image (4', 5') dans un plan à partir d'un point objet (4, 5). Les moyens de reproduction selon l'invention sont conçus de telle façon que lorsque le point objet (4, 5) se déplace le long d'au moins un axe (3) qui coupe le plan focal (8), l'image (4', 5') apparaît au moins approximativement toujours dans le même plan focal (8) et de telle façon qu'à l'exception d'un seul cas dans lequel on obtient une représentation point à point, l'image se forme à partir d'au moins une ligne incurvée, à partir de plusieurs sections rectilignes de lignes ou bien à partir au moins d'une section de ligne incurvée et d'une section de ligne rectiligne. L'invention concerne enfin un procédé de détermination optique de la distance entre un dispositif de mesure et un point objet ainsi qu'un dispositif qui comporte l'optique de reproduction décrite et permet de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé.
PCT/DE2003/003908 2002-11-25 2003-11-25 Optique de reproduction, procede et dispositif de determination optique de la distance d'un objet Ceased WO2004048890A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003289808A AU2003289808A1 (en) 2002-11-25 2003-11-25 Imaging optics and method and device for optically determining the distance to an object

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10255069.7 2002-11-25
DE10255069 2002-11-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004048890A1 true WO2004048890A1 (fr) 2004-06-10

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PCT/DE2003/003908 Ceased WO2004048890A1 (fr) 2002-11-25 2003-11-25 Optique de reproduction, procede et dispositif de determination optique de la distance d'un objet

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AU (1) AU2003289808A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10355352A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004048890A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2350993C1 (ru) * 2007-12-11 2009-03-27 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Федеральный государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный центр радиоэлектронной борьбы и оценки эффективности снижения заметности" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Оптическое устройство определения дальности до источника излучения

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3507445A1 (de) * 1985-03-02 1986-09-04 Rolf Dipl.-Ing. 7314 Wernau Beck Verfahren und vorrichtung zur optischen bestimmung der entfernung zwischen einer messeinrichtung und waehlbaren stellen auf der oberflaeche eines prueflings
DE4024546C1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1991-11-14 Gebhard 7750 Konstanz De Birkle

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3507445A1 (de) * 1985-03-02 1986-09-04 Rolf Dipl.-Ing. 7314 Wernau Beck Verfahren und vorrichtung zur optischen bestimmung der entfernung zwischen einer messeinrichtung und waehlbaren stellen auf der oberflaeche eines prueflings
DE4024546C1 (fr) * 1990-08-02 1991-11-14 Gebhard 7750 Konstanz De Birkle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2350993C1 (ru) * 2007-12-11 2009-03-27 Федеральное государственное учреждение "Федеральный государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный центр радиоэлектронной борьбы и оценки эффективности снижения заметности" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Оптическое устройство определения дальности до источника излучения

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003289808A1 (en) 2004-06-18
DE10355352A1 (de) 2004-06-03

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