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WO2003034532A1 - Appareil electrique et pile - Google Patents

Appareil electrique et pile Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003034532A1
WO2003034532A1 PCT/IB2002/004023 IB0204023W WO03034532A1 WO 2003034532 A1 WO2003034532 A1 WO 2003034532A1 IB 0204023 W IB0204023 W IB 0204023W WO 03034532 A1 WO03034532 A1 WO 03034532A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
housing
electrical appliance
catalytic surface
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2002/004023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Petrus H. L. Notten
Johann R. G. C. M. Van Beek
Wilhelmus H. M. Bruggink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of WO2003034532A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003034532A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/136—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas explosion-proof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
    • H01M10/523—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption by recombination on a catalytic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical appliance provided with a substantially gastight housing.
  • the invention also relates to a battery comprising a housing which is substantially impermeable to mediums and which is provided with a pressure relief valve and with an assembly of an anode, a cathode, and a separator layer positioned between the anode and the cathode, which assembly is positioned in the housing and is at least partly surrounded by an electrolytic solution.
  • combustible gas may accumulate at the inside of this equipment, in particular hydrogen gas.
  • This hydrogen gas may be evolved by a battery present in an appliance, but alternative hydrogen sources are also possible such as, for example, a short-circuit of an electrical circuit (printed circuit board) caused by the presence of water (for example condensation).
  • the solution to this problem is sought in a timely removal of the gases present in the housing. This may be achieved, for example, in that a membrane permeable to hydrogen is made to form part of the housing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrical appliance provided with a substantially gastight housing with which hazardous situations resulting from a release of hydrogen gas in the housing of the electrical appliance can be prevented without the disadvantages of the inclusion of a membrane in the housing as described above.
  • the invention provides an electrical appliance provided with a substantially gastight housing which is characterized in that the appliance is provided at the inside of its housing with a catalytic surface for converting hydrogen evolved by a hydrogen source present in the electrical appliance. If the appliance is powered by a battery arranged in the appliance, said hydrogen source may be formed by the battery, in particular if this battery is provided with a pressure relief valve for discharging an overpressure from the battery.
  • the catalyst is also capable of neutralizing hydrogen in the housing originating from sources other than a battery.
  • the combustible hydrogen gas can be recombined to water in that the hydrogen gas present in the housing is brought into contact with a suitable catalyst. Hazardous situations such as combustion and/or explosion of the hydrogen gas can be counteracted or prevented through recombination of the combustible hydrogen gas, or at least of a portion thereof. This renders the removal of the hydrogen gas through a membrane unnecessary.
  • spark-generating source Providing the catalytic surface adjacent a source capable of generating sparks in the electrical appliance prevents at least to a substantial degree that a spark-generating source comes into contact with hydrogen gas.
  • the spark-generating source is thus as it were screened off from the hydrogen gas. If an ignition source is absent, hydrogen gas will not be ignited, which will enhance the safety of the construction still further. Examples of spark- generating sources are: switches, motors, sliding contacts, and the like.
  • the catalytic surface is provided at least adjacent an accommodation space for the battery which forms part of the electrical appliance.
  • the catalytic surface is detachably connected to the housing.
  • the catalyst can be removed from the housing if it does not function optimally any more, and may be replaced, for example, with a new catalyst or one that functions better. If the appliance is not used for a certain time, the catalyst may be uncoupled from the housing and may be placed in another electrical appliance.
  • the catalyst is shaped such that it can be placed in several types of electrical appliances. Batteries are in existence with an internal catalyst for converting hydrogen, the presence of said battery being necessary for the operation of the appliance.
  • NRLA valve regulated lead acid
  • the conversion of oxygen and hydrogen takes place inside the NRLA battery.
  • the catalyst arrangement comprises a substantially airtight housing provided with an opening. An internal chamber is positioned in the housing, in which chamber the catalyst is provided. A microporous disc is positioned in said opening.
  • An excessive generation of oxygen and hydrogen in the battery such that the capacity of the catalyst arrangement is insufficient for converting the total quantity of evolved gases, will open a pressure relief valve forming part of the battery owing to a rising pressure in the battery.
  • An excessive gas generation in the NRLA battery may arise from a malfunctioning of the battery owing to, for example, heat and wear, such as a capacity reduction of the catalyst. Hazardous situations can arise because the opening of the pressure relief valve will allow combustible hydrogen gases to enter the atmosphere surrounding the battery.
  • rechargeable batteries of other types such as the aqueous nickel-cadmium ( ⁇ iCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, are capable of generating oxygen and hydrogen gases. If such batteries no longer operate optimally during recharging and over- discharging, for example owing to a reduction in their capacity, the pressure inside the battery may rise substantially. The moment the internal pressure in the battery exceeds a critical battery valve pressure, the (combustible) gases present in the battery will be discharged through the pressure relief valve to the atmosphere surrounding the battery. Such a discharge of gases may lead to hazardous situations if, for example, spark-generating electrical or mechanical components are present in the atmosphere surrounding the battery.
  • the invention also has for its object to provide a battery of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph by means of which hazardous situations caused by the release of hydrogen gas owing to malfunctioning of the battery can be prevented, while the advantages of the prior art are retained.
  • the invention for this purpose provides a battery of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which is characterized in that the battery is provided with a catalytic surface designed for converting hydrogen gas produced by the assembly at the side of the housing facing away from the assembly. If an excessive (hydrogen) gas production takes place in the battery owing to malfunctioning of the battery or at least of parts of the battery, as described above, the evolved gases will be discharged through the pressure relief valve the moment the internal gas pressure exceeds a critical battery valve pressure.
  • the advantages of a timely neutralization were described above with reference to the electrical appliance according to the present invention.
  • the catalyst may be provided at an outer surface of the battery, preferably adjacent the pressure relief valve.
  • the catalyst preferably comprises at least one metal. Suitable metals for hydrogen conversion are, for example, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ir.
  • the catalyst is made from an alloy. Examples of suitable alloys are PtPd, PtW, ZrPd, MoNi 3 , MoCo 3 , etc.
  • the catalytic surface is formed by a catalytic material layer. Among the properties of a catalytic material layer is that it forms an extended planar surface on which a catalytic reaction can take place.
  • the material layer may be constructed as a foil. Alternatively, the material layer may be provided as a thin layer on a side of the housing facing away from the assembly.
  • the thin material layer may be provided by known techniques such as painting, spraying, sputtering, vapor deposition, laser ablation, adhesion, etc.
  • Research has shown that the hydrogen is not absorbed by a catalyst in the form of a hydride, but that it is captured by an electrochemical oxidation reaction in which oxygen acts as the combustion agent. Water is required for a satisfactory conversion of the hydrogen. This, however, will always be the case under normal ambient operational conditions.
  • a large catalytic surface, such as a catalytic material layer, is essential. The required water may form part of the electrolyte and may be carried along with the ventilated gas during ventilation of the battery.
  • the electrochemical conversion may be written as follows as partial reactions and a subsequent total reaction:
  • the catalyst may be manufactured from a porous material and/or be present as a material layer provided on a porous material.
  • the catalytic surface is preferably provided with a specific surface area of at least 1 m 2 /g of catalyst material.
  • the catalytic surface is provided on a chamber which merges into the housing and which surrounds the pressure relief valve.
  • said chamber closely adjoins the pressure relief valve so that the ventilated gas is forcedly conducted along the catalytic surface.
  • the catalyst may be provided in the chamber in the form of a porous material. Alternatively, it may be positioned as a foil against an inside of the chamber. In an alternative embodiment, the catalyst is formed by particles of a granulate surrounded by the chamber.
  • the chamber is preferably provided with an exhaust opening for gases and/or liquids.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a rechargeable battery according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of a rechargeable battery according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a hair trimmer provided with a catalyst according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a rechargeable battery 1 according to the invention.
  • the battery 1 comprises a housing 2 in which an assembly (not shown) of an anode, a cathode, and a separator is accommodated, and a pressure relief valve 3.
  • the pressure relief valve 3 may at the same time act as the positive pole of the battery 1.
  • the battery is provided with a catalytic material layer 4 at the outside of the housing 2. If a gas produced by the battery 1, including hydrogen, exceeds a critical battery valve pressure, the pressure relief valve 3 will open and the gases present in the battery will be discharged through an opening in the pressure relief valve 3 to the atmosphere surrounding the battery 1.
  • the contact between the hydrogen gas and the catalytic material layer 4 stimulates the conversion of combustible hydrogen gas to (non-combustible) water.
  • the catalytic material layer 4 shown in Fig. 1 is provided around the outside of the housing 2 in the form of a foil layer.
  • the catalyst has a high surface/volume ratio so as to achieve a satisfactory operation; the hydrogen conversion taking place at the surface of a catalyst can thus be effective.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of a rechargeable battery 5 according to the invention.
  • the battery 5 again comprises a housing 6 in which an assembly (not shown) of an anode, a cathode, and a separator is accommodated, and a pressure relief valve 7.
  • the battery 5 is also provided with a recombination chamber 8, which recombination chamber 8 narrowly adjoins the housing 6 and also surrounds the pressure relief valve 7.
  • the recombination chamber 8 is provided with at least one opening 9 for discharging any excess gases and/or liquids present in the recombination chamber 8.
  • the recombination chamber 8 is at least partly filled with a catalyst 10 in the form of granulate particles which may or may not be porous.
  • a porous material (not shown in the Figure) is provided with an active component which acts as a catalyst 10.
  • the catalyst 10 is designed so as to facilitate the conversion of hydrogen to water.
  • a microporous disc 11 is provided between the opening 9 and the catalyst 10. The disc 11 prevents a (too) easy escape of hydrogen gas from the recombination chamber 8 to the atmosphere surrounding the battery 5.
  • a construction of the battery 5 as shown in Fig. 2 has the advantage that the gases discharged through the pressure relief valve 7 come into contact with the catalyst 10 for a major portion, so that the hydrogen conversion rate will be high.
  • the disc 11 in a preferred embodiment may at the same time have the property that it is substantially non-permeable to hydrogen gas, such that the hydrogen gas discharged from the housing 6 remains trapped in the recombination chamber 8 until it has been converted into water.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a hair trimmer 12 provided with a catalyst 13 according to the invention.
  • the catalyst 13 is positioned in an accommodation space 14 for a battery (not shown).
  • the accommodation space 14 may be closed by a cover element (not shown).
  • the battery may be placed on the catalyst 13 and is preferably designed such that it applies itself to contact elements 15.
  • the catalyst 13 is detachably connected to the accommodation space 14 for the battery by means of coupling elements 16. In alternative embodiments, however, it is possible to provide the catalyst 13 in other locations of the trimmer 12.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil électrique doté d'un logement sensiblement étanche aux gaz, et se caractérise par le fait que ledit appareil est installé à l'intérieur de son logement et doté d'une surface catalytique afin de convertir de l'hydrogène émis par une source hydrogène placée dans l'appareil électrique. Cette invention se rapporte à une pile comprenant un logement qui est pratiquement imperméable aux supports et est dotée d'une soupape de sûreté, et un ensemble anode, cathode et une couche séparatrice placée entre l'anode et la cathode, cet ensemble étant disposé dans le logement et au moins partiellement entouré d'une solution électrolytique, et est caractérisée par le fait que la pile est dotée d'une surface catalytique permettant de convertir le gaz hydrogène produit par l'ensemble sur le côté du logement orienté dans le sens opposé à l'ensemble.
PCT/IB2002/004023 2001-10-12 2002-09-27 Appareil electrique et pile Ceased WO2003034532A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01203898 2001-10-12
EP01203898.0 2001-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003034532A1 true WO2003034532A1 (fr) 2003-04-24

Family

ID=8181064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2002/004023 Ceased WO2003034532A1 (fr) 2001-10-12 2002-09-27 Appareil electrique et pile

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2003034532A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2077592A4 (fr) * 2006-10-13 2010-10-06 Panasonic Corp Ensemble batterie et dispositif monté sur batterie

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4078893A (en) * 1976-06-30 1978-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Catalyst system for the detection and elimination of hydrogen gas
GB1503736A (en) * 1974-02-22 1978-03-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sealing plugs in secondary batteries
US4127134A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-11-28 Cordis Corporation Gas-absorbing pacer and method of fabrication
US4378413A (en) * 1980-03-25 1983-03-29 Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft Recombination system for storage batteries
JPS5996648A (ja) * 1982-11-25 1984-06-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 充電式電気機器
JPS63146346A (ja) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-18 Fujitsu Ltd 密閉筐体
JPH07272770A (ja) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空気電池の袋状密封包装体およびその製造法
US5535107A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-09 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Combination gas recombination/venting means for portable lighting device
EP0949706A1 (fr) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-13 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Pile électrochimique contenant un moyen externe pour éliminer l'hydrogène
US5998325A (en) * 1997-01-24 1999-12-07 Sandia Corporation Composition and method for polymer moderated catalytic water formation
JP2000164179A (ja) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-16 Honda Access Corp バッテリー用の水素ガス処理装置
WO2000062366A1 (fr) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-19 Ballard Generation Systems Inc. Boitier pour composants electriques installe dans des emplacements ou l'on peut s'attendre a trouver une vapeur ou un gaz inflammable
EP1122590A2 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Appareil photo recyclable étanche avec catalysateur pour oxider de l'hydrogene en eau

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1503736A (en) * 1974-02-22 1978-03-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sealing plugs in secondary batteries
US4078893A (en) * 1976-06-30 1978-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Catalyst system for the detection and elimination of hydrogen gas
US4127134A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-11-28 Cordis Corporation Gas-absorbing pacer and method of fabrication
US4378413A (en) * 1980-03-25 1983-03-29 Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft Recombination system for storage batteries
JPS5996648A (ja) * 1982-11-25 1984-06-04 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 充電式電気機器
JPS63146346A (ja) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-18 Fujitsu Ltd 密閉筐体
JPH07272770A (ja) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空気電池の袋状密封包装体およびその製造法
US5535107A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-09 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Combination gas recombination/venting means for portable lighting device
US5998325A (en) * 1997-01-24 1999-12-07 Sandia Corporation Composition and method for polymer moderated catalytic water formation
EP0949706A1 (fr) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-13 Eveready Battery Company, Inc. Pile électrochimique contenant un moyen externe pour éliminer l'hydrogène
JP2000164179A (ja) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-16 Honda Access Corp バッテリー用の水素ガス処理装置
WO2000062366A1 (fr) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-19 Ballard Generation Systems Inc. Boitier pour composants electriques installe dans des emplacements ou l'on peut s'attendre a trouver une vapeur ou un gaz inflammable
EP1122590A2 (fr) * 2000-02-02 2001-08-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Appareil photo recyclable étanche avec catalysateur pour oxider de l'hydrogene en eau

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 209 (E - 268) 22 September 1984 (1984-09-22) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 403 (E - 674) 26 October 1988 (1988-10-26) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 02 29 February 1996 (1996-02-29) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 09 13 October 2000 (2000-10-13) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2077592A4 (fr) * 2006-10-13 2010-10-06 Panasonic Corp Ensemble batterie et dispositif monté sur batterie

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