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WO2003031055A1 - Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation - Google Patents

Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003031055A1
WO2003031055A1 PCT/CA2001/001433 CA0101433W WO03031055A1 WO 2003031055 A1 WO2003031055 A1 WO 2003031055A1 CA 0101433 W CA0101433 W CA 0101433W WO 03031055 A1 WO03031055 A1 WO 03031055A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
water
particles
aliphatic alcohol
powder
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2001/001433
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English (en)
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WO2003031055A8 (fr
Inventor
Robert Neville O'brien
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CA2001/001433 priority Critical patent/WO2003031055A1/fr
Priority to AU2001295331A priority patent/AU2001295331A1/en
Publication of WO2003031055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003031055A1/fr
Publication of WO2003031055A8 publication Critical patent/WO2003031055A8/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/16—Preventing evaporation or oxidation of non-metallic liquids by applying a floating layer, e.g. of microballoons

Definitions

  • this invention relates to a composition supplied as a fluent powder, which combines in particles thereof organic and inorganic compounds comprising, respectively: (a.) a substantially water-insoluble constituent which is known to form an evaporation retardant monolayer or ie. thin film on the evaporating free surface of a body of water either at rest or motion; and (b. ) a water- soluble dispersing and bulking constituent which commences separation from the monolayer-forming constituent when the powder of mixed composition is deposited on the water.
  • Another evaporation reducing mechanism complementary to that energy barrier mechanism is also known to be operative when the evaporating water surface is not smooth, but is rippled due to either prevailing air or water currents.
  • the resulting lesser number of escaping water molecules will of course still have to pass through the energy barrier of the abovementioned chief mechanism, which is operative both when the water surface is smooth and when rippled.
  • LA MER (New York, 1962)-hereinafter cited as LA MER.
  • the present invention relates to a powder, it may seem natural to expect that the chief problem with wind where powder is used must be that wind is apt to blow the powder uselessly away from the water surface one is intending to cover. That deserves consideration in the context of equipment and techniques of distribution, but is not so great a problem-nor nearly so recalcitrant--as problems which concern adverse wind effects not on powder before it reaches the water surface but on a film after its initial formation on the water, during the stage when it should be spreading, and/or after coverage of a substantial area has already been attained. Tangential drag force due to wind affects monolayers indiscriminately, whether the composition applied to the water is initially distributed in either a solid- phase or liquid-phase state.
  • 'compression' and 'collapse' do not refer to vertical reduction of thickness but to reduction of the plane area covered by the monolayer produced by a given quantity of film-forming substance.
  • Vines whom I quoted above, mechanically abraded solid blocks of aliphatic alcohol immediately before dusting the freshly made powder onto large water storage impoundments-Umberumberka Reservoir in New South Wales and Lake Corella in Queensland-using modified agricultural dusting equipment, also mounted in a boat. Again, encouraging water-saving results were produced, reported in Vines' contribution to the LA MER text (ibid., pp. 137-160).
  • the powder broadcasting technique has merit and should be extended from application in conjunction with the aliphatic alcohols alone (or blend of homologues with one another) to powders of a composite character, ie. including a constituent which does not itself form a monolayer, but which enhances in some way the film- forming technique.
  • RETARDING EVAPORATION by Lloyd E. Myers, discloses a composition in which the evaporation retardant is the usual hexadecanol, octadecanol, or blend thereof, admixed in a " matrix” or “carrier” provided as a dissolving constituent selected from a wide range of saccharides.
  • MYERS At only one place (Col. 4, lines 4-6, MYERS) is a technical problem with wind specifically addressed, and not by 'tailor-making' a composition for windy localities: "In any event where floating blocks are used, it is preferred that they be anchored against wind movement.” I observe that this anchoring expedient demonstrates clearly that saccharide dissolution is incapable of providing any kind of motive power which might enable progress of a floating film-forming solid in a direction either against a headwind or up the slope of a ripple in the water, and this would remain true even if the unit were not a block but were a powder particle of identical chemical composition as a block.
  • One method of manufacture of a composition according to the MYERS patent involves heating "at least the retardant" so as to conveniently liquify it to facilitate high shear admixture with the carrier ( Col. 3, lines 38-42).
  • centrally anchor for three-month coverage of a six- acre reservoir, a ten pound floating block comprising from 5% to 25% by weight of tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofurfural alcohol, or other heterocyclic compound, the main balance of the mix being an aliphatic alcohol or blend of such alcohols.
  • the recommendation of central anchoring seems significant, and to indicate confidence of the co-inventors in the spreading power they achieve, since apparently there is only detrimental wind drift if winds are "severe" (Col. 3, line 24).
  • the furan-containing composition can if desired be produced otherwise than in blocks for centralized anchoring, specifically: in "pellets, beads, or other finely-divided forms" (Col. 3, lines 25-26).
  • Pellets, beads, or other finely-divided forms Cold-Liters. Sheeran and Egan seem to have wanted to reserve use of the word 'powder' solely for reference to calcined talc, but it seems sensible to assume that the meaning of their phrase, "other finely-divided forms", encompasses particles of small dimensions as in a powder.
  • lines 46-53 discloses presence of the glycol in a one-to-ten ratio with octadecanol, these two essential constituents in this case together comprising 38.5% by weight of a tablet-making formula featuring a 61.5% content of various water-soluble and gas-producing additives mixed and compacted with but apparently not "in solid solution” with the essential aliphatic alcohol/polyethylene glycol particles produced as described at Col. 2, lines 64-68.
  • the highly filled and specially hardened swimming pool treatment tablets intended for marketing to re-supply a separately patented dispenser could conceivably be either distributed as is upon the surface of a large body of water or could be crushed to form a powder for the broadcast method of distribution, but the cost of production and/or price expected for swimming pool tablets would likely make these options prohibitively expensive.
  • the invention of U.S.P. 4,240,140 (ROWLETTE) is, however, of much broader scope than the tablets themselves, and encompasses a simpler two- constituent version combining just the aliphatic substance and polyethylene glycol, a powdered embodiment of which is contemplated at Col. 4 lines 40- 45.
  • Citations 1 MYERS
  • 2 EGAN/SHEERAN
  • 3 ROWLETTE
  • Provision of an in-built chemical mechanisms which enhance dispersal of film- releasing particles upon contact with water by actually propelling particles to a short distance apart from one another is a major object of the present invention.
  • Vines' method of onsite block abrasion to produce powder just before broadcasting it is another major object of the invention, as is provision of a product for evaporation retardation which is conveniently dispensed from simple equipment or industrial spraying equipment mounted either in stationary installations or in mobile units such as boats.
  • a unique method of forming on a body of water, still or moving, an evaporation retardant film featuring a superior capability for self-repair and re-spreading following its mechanical disruption by causes like wind and/or wave action is yet another object of the invention, as it provision of a composition with particular effectiveness at smoothing out ripples in the water surface, either when the ripples are wind- caused or caused by flow phenomena associated with flow over an uneven submerged surface, or with changes in flow conditions associated with hydraulic grade variations, which can also cause water undulations even in artificial channels.
  • water-insoluble constituent 'A' comprising of long-chain saturated organic compound having a polar endgroup-such as do hexadeconal and octadeconal-there should be mixed into a melt of the 'A' constituent from about 2 to 3.5 parts by volume of an ionizable bulking and dispersing constituent 'B', comprising a pre-powdered sparingly soluble hydroxide of one of the 'alkaline earth metals', preferably calcium hydroxide.
  • molten hexadeconal and/or octadeconal readily mixes with stirred-in pre-powdered calcium hydroxide, inexpensively procurable as hydrated agricultural lime.
  • the slaked lime does not dehydrate, or lose it's particulate character when stirred into the molten film former, and the lowered viscosity of the molten alcohol constituent allows its contact with virtually all the lime particles, tending to wrap about it and to be smeared upon those which are not broken, to fill microscopic fractures in some particles, and in some instances to bind small fragments together.
  • the herein disclosed process of powder production mechanically combines the film-forming constituent with the hydroxide, without chemical reaction between the very different types of constituents, without the regularity of structure expected in a compound, without effecting solution of either constituent in the other, and apparently (although I do not desire to be bound by the theory) without nucleation and crystallization of the film former.
  • a cooling step in manufacture a few small lumps might sometimes remain due to uneven stirring events, but these can be easily reduced when, along with all of the mixed material, a preferred endproduct particle size is established according to usual procedures, eg. by scalping through a sieve and/or by passing through a simple roll mill.
  • the powder is storable, shippable and is suitably fluent for dispensing from either stationary or mobile equipment.
  • the powder embodying the invention is broadcast onto the surface of a polar liquid to be coated, mutual repulsion of particles occurs due to their acquisition of like positive charges as the calcium hydroxide ionizes, since its negatively charged hydroxyl ions are much more mobile than the calcium ions with positive charges.
  • the resulting mutual repulsion of nearest particles is strong enough to initially scatter them along the liquid surface in all directions including in the direction against a headwind, or up the slope of a ripple. Even in the presence of a head wind up to about ten miles per hour, the many particles dispersing in the direction against the wind are not pushed back by wind upon one another, and agglomeration is prevented.
  • compositions preferred for an embodiment of the invention intended primarily for use to conserve potable water supplies combines an aliphatic alcohol film forming constituent, preferably cetyl alcohol (hexadeconal), and a pre- powdered calcium hydroxide ionic dispersing and bulking agent, to make a finely divided powder that disperses on the surface of the water when distributed thereon to enact a method of evaporation reduction by means of the resulting mono-layer consisting of the alcohol constituent.
  • an aliphatic alcohol film forming constituent preferably cetyl alcohol (hexadeconal)
  • a pre- powdered calcium hydroxide ionic dispersing and bulking agent to make a finely divided powder that disperses on the surface of the water when distributed thereon to enact a method of evaporation reduction by means of the resulting mono-layer consisting of the alcohol constituent.
  • Exposure of the calcium hydroxide to the water causes its ionization wherein hydroxyl ions of negative charge are released at a rate about three and a third times faster than the calcium ions of positive charge. For the period of time while some calcium hydroxide remains present in the particles, they will be positively charged, resulting in repulsion between particles, while, at the same time, mono-layer formation and spreading from the film forming increment of each particle commences and continues.
  • the melting point of hexadeconal is about 49.5° C, of octadeconal: about 57.9°C but it is desirable to raise the melt temperature to at least about 90°C for the mixing step, to reduce viscosity, and since it is more convenient to mix in pre-powdered calcium hydroxide which has not itself been pre-heated, and which will of course receive heat from the melt. Heat may be applied during the course of mixing, but the mixing step is preferably conducted rapidly enough that the bulk of the hydrated lime constituent need not reach the highest temperature of the alcohol melt.
  • a thorough mixing but without shear so high as to undesirably diminish the lime's particle size too much is recommended.
  • a visual surprise in store for a first-time preparer of the composition is that it looks at a certain point during mixing as though merely a paste will result, but then, rather remarkably, the powder character of the calcium hydroxide constituent is both preserved and substantially conferred on the whole mixture as thermal equilibrium is reached following removal of a mixed batch from the heating source for cooling below 35°C.
  • Attrition processing is also applicable: fresh material falling upon already fallen material is often enough to produce considerable size diminuation of lumps.
  • Another breaking-up technique would be judicious use of air blasts directed onto lumpy powder batched onto well-hooded sieves, if a crushing roll is not available but compressed air is.
  • Sizing the particles for the end product is not a matter solely of considering use properties; it is desirable to facilitate mass-production by avoiding difficulties in conveying powders consisting of particles with average diameters of 20 microns or less.
  • the Bureau of Reclamation experiments employed a fine powder of about 100 microns in average particle diameter.
  • R.G. Vines broadcast his uniquely on- site produced particles, he estimated their size to range from 0.01-0.1 mm, ie. from ten to one hundred microns, but it should be noted that there was no in-plant handling and/or conveying of the ten micron particles at the smaller end of that range involved. I prefer a particle size in the range of from about 0.05-0.1 mm.
  • a mesh size of 270 which allows particles of 53 microns diameter and smaller to pass through would be acceptable as the bottom of a two-sieve arrangement where the product is taken from between the sieves.
  • a 150 mesh sieve at the top would scalp off all particles above 105 microns in diameter. Scalped off oversize particles (and lumps) together with passed-th rough undersized particles cans be reprocessed with new batches, as mentioned above, bearing in mind need for periodic analysis to check on aliphatic alcohol content.
  • the composition of the present invention is compatible with a wide variety of existing powder dispensing equipment.
  • dispensers may be underslung from an overhead bridge or catwalk spanning channel.
  • an additional long-chain surfactant not of the homologous series of alcohols but also a film-former, such as a straight-chain alkyl sulfonate-better known for use in biodegradable detergents-is optionally includable in the mix.
  • a volume of the sulphonate of from 1% to 10% by volume of the calcium hydroxide has been found useful to add, though not necessary to practice of the invention.
  • the sulphonate employed is anionic, and interference with ionization of calcium hydroxide does not occur. Electrochemistry would rule out a number of secondary additives.
  • the ionic dispersing effect of the basic composition which is its most notable feature, can play a significant role when excess particles are distributed atop an already formed film. If wind or wave action causes breaks in the film, particles dropping into place will automatically be dispersed in the region requiring film repair, in a highly advantageous fashion. Also, in cases where a formed film is being disadvantageously compressed against a downwind shoreline, it is feasible, with the use of a high-velocity spray of particles downward against the surface near that shoreline, to at least for a time sustain a dispersal of material against the wind.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'augmentation de la dispersion sur la surface d'un liquide polaire, tel que l'eau, de particules d'une poudre composée essentiellement d'un constituant formant une monocouche, tel que de l'hexadécanol ou de l'octadécanol ou un mélange de ces composés, et d'une proportion élevée d'un hydroxyde alcalino-terreux soluble ou modérément soluble, cette proportion représentant, plus particulièrement, environ cinq fois le poids du constituant formant la monocouche lorsque le constituant hydroxyde est de l'hydroxyde de calcium, préféré en ce qui concerne la réduction d'évaporation d'eau potable, sous forme de poudre chaux hydratée agricole peu coûteuse. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de production de la composition par traitement de fusion. Lorsque les particules de composition rentrent en contact avec l'eau, aussi longtemps que la chaux reste présente dans les particules flottantes, ces particules restent chargées positivement et par conséquent se repoussent entre elles. Cet effet de dispersion augmenté est dû à l'ionisation de l'hydroxyde de calcium.
PCT/CA2001/001433 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation Ceased WO2003031055A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/001433 WO2003031055A1 (fr) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation
AU2001295331A AU2001295331A1 (en) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Composition in the form of a powder for reducing evaporative loss of water

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/001433 WO2003031055A1 (fr) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Composition sous forme de poudre diminuant la perte d'eau par evaporation

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WO2003031055A1 true WO2003031055A1 (fr) 2003-04-17
WO2003031055A8 WO2003031055A8 (fr) 2003-11-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004078676A1 (fr) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-16 Robert Neville O'brien Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7885294A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-25 Flexible Solutions Ltd Method for reducing evaporation
US20010022355A1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7885294A (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-25 Flexible Solutions Ltd Method for reducing evaporation
US20010022355A1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-09-20 O'brien Robert Neville Composition for reducing evaporation at sites both on land and open water
US6303133B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-10-16 O'brien Robert Neville Film-spreading powder for suppressing water evaporation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004078676A1 (fr) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-16 Robert Neville O'brien Poudre traitee par fusion contenant un agent de repulsion, composition retardant l'evaporation et des moyens destines a favoriser la culture de plantes et/ou l'elevage d'animaux

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Publication number Publication date
AU2001295331A1 (en) 2003-04-22
WO2003031055A8 (fr) 2003-11-20

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