WO2003018778A2 - Procede de preparation d'une composition lyophilisee contenant des bacteries lactiques a viabilite et activite bacteriennes ameliorees lors d'un stockage a temperature ambiante et composition obtenue - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'une composition lyophilisee contenant des bacteries lactiques a viabilite et activite bacteriennes ameliorees lors d'un stockage a temperature ambiante et composition obtenue Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003018778A2 WO2003018778A2 PCT/FR2002/002983 FR0202983W WO03018778A2 WO 2003018778 A2 WO2003018778 A2 WO 2003018778A2 FR 0202983 W FR0202983 W FR 0202983W WO 03018778 A2 WO03018778 A2 WO 03018778A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/065—Microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of production and storage of lyophilized lactic acid bacteria, usable by various industries for transformation by fermentation.
- Lactic acid bacteria are widely used in the organic and food industries. Their main applications concern the dairy industry (production of cheese and fermented milk). They also participate in the transformation of plants, meat products and certain wines. Finally, more recently, their interest has widened due to their therapeutic potential.
- lactic acid bacteria are produced commercially in a concentrated, frozen or lyophilized form.
- the cells gradually lose their activity and their viability. This is detrimental for the industrial producers and for the users since the ferments must meet the requirements of quality and technological performance, if possible for several months.
- the biological activity of the lactic acid bacteria on the market is highly dependent on the storage temperature: the lower the temperature, the better the preservation and the longer the shelf life of the product.
- they are stored at a temperature less than or equal to -40 ° C. whereas, in lyophilized form, keeping at a storage temperature of 4 ° C. is commonly applied.
- the production of lyophilized ferments therefore constitutes an interesting alternative to the production of frozen ferments since it involves a higher storage temperature, therefore less costly.
- the volumes of product distributed are much lower, which generates savings in transport.
- the usual mode of production and preservation of lyophilized concentrated lactic acid bacteria comprises three stages (Lejard et al. 1994): (i) a fermentation stage allowing the multiplication of bacteria in a culture medium, (ii) the concentration of the bacteria multiplied in step (i) and (iii) the lyophilization step.
- Fermentation is carried out in batch culture, at regulated temperature.
- the pH is regulated, by adding neutralizer, to a value generally between 5.5 and 7.0, depending on the bacteria considered.
- the culture medium is cooled to a temperature between 4 ° C and 15 ° C, in order to slow down metabolic activities.
- the biomass is then concentrated by centrifugation or by tangential filtration. This stage of the procedure makes it possible to partially separate the cells from the culture medium, also called fermented medium or supernatant at the end of culture.
- the concentrated cells are taken up in a suitable conditioning medium serving to protect the bacteria against the damaging effects of subsequent conservation treatments.
- This conditioning medium is called cryoprotection and / or lyoprotection medium. It is composed of part of the fermented medium, which is not completely eliminated by the concentration step, and of protection molecules which allow better preservation of cell viability.
- the molecules cited in the literature are numerous; they are mono- or disaccharides, polymers, polyols, organic acids or their salts, amino acids or their salts, proteins, vitamins (Porubcan and Sellars 1975; Amen and Cabau 1983 ; Barach et al. 1987; Brousse et al. 1987).
- bacterial suspensions are also supplemented with a cryoprotective agent, such as inositol, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, sucrose, corn syrup, dimethyl sulfoxide, starches, modified starches, polyvinylpyrrolidone, maltose or other mono- or di-osides (mono- or di-saccharides).
- a cryoprotective agent such as inositol, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, sucrose, corn syrup, dimethyl sulfoxide, starches, modified starches, polyvinylpyrrolidone, maltose or other mono- or di-osides (mono- or di-saccharides).
- ascorbate can be added at a rate of 4 to 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the culture medium, glutamate or aspartate is added at a rate of 1.5 to 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of dry matter and the cryoprotective agent is added in an amount of 1 to 300 grams per liter of culture medium.
- the addition of these molecules is always based on empirical considerations rather than a reasoned formulation taking into account the possible protection mechanisms. In fact, there are currently no clearly established formulation rules for these complex biological media. Consequently, the differences in survival observed in these environments, according to the authors and according to the strains, are significant and difficult to explain.
- the concentration and protection step the cell suspension is distributed in a thin layer (1 to 3 cm) and then frozen. Lyophilization is then carried out, under dry inert gas (nitrogen or argon), under conditions which make it possible to achieve advanced dehydration of the samples (Sandine and Vedamuthu 1978).
- the lyophilization cycle lasting 10 to 30 hours, includes two phases: the sublimation of the ice (primary drying), then the desorption of most of the water which has not crystallized during the freezing (secondary drying).
- the operating conditions temperature, pressure
- the bacteria contained in the lyophilized powders are optionally mixed with others, in adequate proportions, for the direct or semi-direct inoculation of the manufacturing tanks.
- the final packaging is carried out, under vacuum or under an inert gas, in packages which are sealed against light and water vapor. Storage is carried out under isothermal conditions for several weeks, usually at 4 ° C.
- the conservation of these products at room temperature is an important industrial issue: it would lead to a reduction in storage and transport costs, it would facilitate handling and would allow the use of lactic acid powders to be extended to many products.
- food milk powder, cookies, cereals, ...) and of pharmaceutical and / or medical interest. It follows from the analysis of the above state of the art that the production of lyophilized concentrated lactic ferments is marked by a strong empiricism, in particular at the level of the formulation of the protection media and the conduct of the lyophilization processes.
- the invention provides, for the first time, a process for lyophilization of lactic acid bacteria allowing their storage for several months at high temperature, and compositions of bacteria freeze-dried lactics capable of being obtained by this freeze-drying process.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the reproducible preparation of a lyophilized composition containing viable and active bacteria after storage for several months at a storage temperature.
- Ts predetermined high
- said method comprises the following steps: a) preparation of a concentrate of lactic acid bacteria in a liquid medium, said liquid medium comprising: (i) a water-soluble antioxidant compound or a combination of antioxidant compounds water soluble; and (ii) a compound or a combination of compounds increasing the glass transition temperature of the lyophilized product; b) lyophilization of the concentrated lactic acid bacteria prepared in step a), according to the following lyophilization steps:
- the invention also relates to a composition containing viable and active lactic acid bacteria after storage at an elevated temperature (Ts), characterized in that:
- (b) it comprises a compound increasing the glass transition temperature such that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of said composition is at least 20 ° C above the storage temperature (Ts);
- composition at a water activity value of approximately 0.1.
- It also relates to a concentrate of lactic acid bacteria capable of being used in the dairy industry, characterized in that it comprises a lyophilized composition as defined above. It also relates to the use of a lyophilized composition as defined above for the transformation of dairy products, plants, meat products and wine products, by fermentation.
- It also relates to the use of a lyophilized composition as defined above in a fermentation process, particularly a fermentation process involving the production of lactic acid.
- the lactic acid bacteria contained in said lyophilized composition were transformed with a nucleic acid allowing expression of a gene of therapeutic interest by these bacteria, for example a growth factor, a hormone or even a cytokine.
- lactic acid bacteria could be stored at a high storage temperature (Ts) and remain viable and active for several months at the storage temperature (Ts), provided that the final lyophilized composition containing the bacteria lactic acid has a glass transition temperature (Tg) having a value at least 20 ° C above the predetermined storage temperature (Ts) provided that the water activity of this final lyophilized composition is approximately 0 , 1 and provided that this lyophilized composition is protected from oxidation phenomena by the addition of antioxidants.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the invention therefore provides a process for the preparation of such a lyophilized composition, including the combination of the composition parameters of the bacteria concentrate in the liquid medium (antioxidant and lyoprotection medium), and the temperature and pressure parameters of the lyophilization step are adapted in order to achieve the characteristics of composition, temperature of glass transition (Tg) and water activity (aw) of the final lyophilized composition.
- Tg temperature of glass transition
- aw water activity
- the invention provides a process for lyophilization of a composition containing lactic acid bacteria allowing the manufacture of a final lyophilized composition which can be stored at a predetermined high temperature (Ts) for several months, without significant loss of viability or metabolic activity of bacterial cells.
- the invention relates to a process for the reproducible preparation of a lyophilized composition containing viable and active bacteria after storage for several months at a predetermined high storage temperature (Ts), characterized in that said process comprises the following steps: a) preparation a concentrate of lactic acid bacteria in a liquid medium, said liquid medium comprising:
- step a) lyophilization of the concentrated lactic acid bacteria prepared in step a), according to the following lyophilization steps: (b1) freezing of the bacteria concentrate;
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Ts storage temperature
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final lyophilized composition is at least 20 ° C. higher, preferably at least 25 ° C, at the value of the storage temperature (Ts) sought.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) is measured by differential enthalpy analysis in a Pyris 1 Cryofill calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer, USA), during heating at a speed of 10 ° C / min.
- the Tg value is determined for a 50% variation in the specific heat increase (ASTM, Standard Method E 1356-91).
- ASTM Standard Method E 1356-91
- the glass transition is carried out characterized by a temperature interval (of several degrees) around the estimated value of TG (Fonseca et al. 2001).
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final lyophilized composition is a function of the contribution of each of the compounds present in the concentrate of lactic bacteria, after addition of the antioxidant compound (s) of Tg from the starting concentrate.
- the Tg value of the final freeze-dried composition cannot be calculated precisely. Its evolution depending on the nature of the solutes present in the composition can however be predicted (Fonseca et al. 2001). Validation is obtained experimentally, preferably by the above technique.
- the process of the invention implies that the person skilled in the art who implements it first of all performs a test by adding increasing concentrations of the judiciously chosen lyoprotective compound (s) to the step a) of the process, and experimentally determines the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the final lyophilized composition, it being understood that, for a storage temperature (Ts) which it will have predetermined, the skilled person knows, thanks according to the invention, that the value of Tg must be at least 20 ° C. and better still at least 25 ° C., than the value of the storage temperature (Ts), to achieve the conservation objectives viability and activity of lactic acid bacteria freeze-dried for several months, at storage temperature (Ts).
- the appropriate amounts of water-soluble antioxidant compound (s) and compound (s) increasing the glass transition temperature are added before stage b) of lyophilization, that is to say after the phase of production of lactic acid bacteria in the conventional culture medium (or fermentation medium).
- stage b) of lyophilization that is to say after the phase of production of lactic acid bacteria in the conventional culture medium (or fermentation medium).
- the skilled person can prepare, in step a) of the process, a lyoprotected concentrate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
- bulgaricus comprising respectively 25 g / L of a mixture of lactose and galactose, 12 g / L of sodium lactate, 25 g / L of maltose, 25 g / L of maltodextrin (DE 7-10) and 10 g / L an antioxidant such as sodium ascorbate.
- the culture medium used for the multiplication of lactic acid bacteria is a conventional medium already containing the concentrations specified above of lactose, galactose and sodium lactate, the glass transition temperature sought for the final lyophilized composition is reached by adding the above final concentrations of maltose, maltodextrin and antioxidants.
- a person skilled in the art may prepare, in step a) of the process, a concentrate. lyoprotected from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus comprising respectively 25 g / L of a mixture of lactose and galactose, 12 g / L of sodium lactate, 25 g / L of glucose and 25 g / L of maltodextrin (DE 7-10) and 10 g / L sodium ascorbate.
- the culture medium used for the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria consists of whey (60 g / L), lactose (20 g / L), yeast extract (5 g / L) and a conventional anti-foam compound (1 g / L).
- step a) of the process according to the invention the necessary quantity of at least one lyoprotective compound is added, the final concentration of which will allow the desired Tg value to be obtained in the final lyophilized composition.
- a lyoprotective compound within the meaning of the invention, can be any compound, compatible with human or animal food, capable of increasing the glass transition temperature.
- Such compounds are generally represented by carbohydrates, in particular mono, di and tri-saccharides (glucose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltotriose) and polysaccharides (maltodextrins) (Levine and Slade, 1988). According to the invention it is shown that the best bacterial viability results are obtained with maltose and glucose respectively, while a compound such as glycerol is significantly less well suited (very low Tg) for the lyophilized product.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the compounds increasing the glass transition temperature are chosen from glucose, or maltose and a maltodextrin.
- the water-soluble antioxidant compound or the association of water-soluble antioxidant compounds is present in the starting liquid medium at a concentration of between 1 and 20 g / L, preferably between 5 and 15 g / L. Any type of water-soluble antioxidant compound known in the state of the art can be used. However, ascorbic acid and / or erythorbic acid are preferably used, optionally in the form of a salt, for example in the form of a sodium salt.
- antioxidants mention may be made of: ascorbic acid and ascorbates, erythorbic acid, citric acid and citrates, cysteine, gallates, mannitol, tocopherols (extracts of natural and synthetic origin, vitamin E and Trolox, butylhydroxyanisole (BHT), butylhydroxytoluene (BHA).
- the lyophilization times will be greatly lengthened (secondary desiccation longer by several hours and further evacuation). It is further recognized that the very weak Water activities are favorable to oxidation reactions and can adversely affect the cell viability and activity of the lyophilized composition of lactic acid bacteria.
- a water activity of approximately 0.1 is a water activity of between 0.06 and 0.2, preferably between 0.08 and 0.15.
- the water activity accounts for the partial pressure of the water vapor, at a fixed temperature, in equilibrium with the lyophilized composition obtained according to the above process.
- the measurement of the water activity of the lyophilized samples is obtained using an FA-st / 1 device (GBX Scientific Instrumentation, Romans sur Isère), which operates according to the principle of l 'mirror hygrometry.
- the relative humidity at equilibrium in a sealed system is obtained by measuring the dew point, at a fixed temperature of 20 ° C.
- step b) of lyophilization the freezing step (b1) is carried out in a manner known in the prior art.
- the freezing step (b1) is carried out by placing a thin layer of the culture medium containing the lactic acid bacteria on a plate maintained at the temperature of approximately -65 ° C., for the time necessary for the freezing of the medium.
- step (b2) is important for maintaining the structure of the product and more generally for preserving its quality.
- High values of the plate temperature (40 ° C to 60 ° C) and the total pressure (70 to 100 Pa) lead to an alteration of the structure of the biological products accompanied by degradation due to the Maillard reactions and / or oxidation.
- very low values of plate temperature (-40 ° C.) and total pressure (5 Pa) result in very high freeze-drying residence times, which become difficult to comply with the industrial constraints of productivity. The advantage in terms of quality is more difficult to demonstrate for these very low values of operating conditions.
- the primary drying step (b2) is preferably carried out under mild operating conditions, that is to say at a plate temperature ⁇ 20 ° C. and at a total pressure ⁇ 50 Pa.
- This primary drying step (b2) is generally preferably carried out at a plate temperature between - 20 ° C and 20 ° C, better still between - 15 ° C and - 5 ° C on the one hand, and at total pressure between 5 Pa and 50 Pa, better between 10 Pa and 20 Pa on the other hand.
- the primary drying step (b2) can typically be carried out at a plate temperature of - 10 ° C at a total pressure of 15 Pa.
- the secondary drying step (b3) is essential to obtain a water activity of approximately 0.1 in the final lyophilized composition.
- the conditions for freezing and primary drying can be easily adapted by a person skilled in the art, using his general knowledge of lyophilization processes, depending in particular on the thickness of the product which is to be lyophilized, and on the characteristics of the product. lyophilization device.
- the secondary drying step (b3) can be carried out at a temperature of 25 ° C., at a pressure of 13 Pa and for a time necessary and sufficient to obtain a final lyophilized composition having water activity d 'about 0.1.
- the duration of the secondary drying step (b3), under the above temperature and pressure conditions is advantageously 6 hours in a sample 1 cm thick.
- Obtaining a water activity of approximately 0.1 makes it possible to sufficiently increase the glass transition temperature values of the lyoprotective mixtures so that the cell viability is substantially equivalent during storage of the lyophilized composition at 4 ° C and 25 ° C, this over several months of storage, for example three months of storage at these respective temperatures.
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helvitusus Lactobacillus Lactobacillus Lactobac lactis, Lactocococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Lactococcus lactis subsp.
- lactis biovar diacetylactis Leuconostroc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, Leucoconostoc mesentoroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, Oenococcus oeni, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus macedonicus.
- the starting fermented bacterial concentrate preferably contains between 10 8 and 10 11 viable lactic acid bacteria per milliliter.
- steps (b1) to (b3) of step b) of the process can easily be adapted by those skilled in the art in the light of their general technical knowledge in the field of freezing and freeze-drying.
- a lyophilized composition as defined above had improved characteristics of viability and acidifying activity of the lactic acid bacteria which it contains, during storage for several months, in particular for three months , at a high temperature (Ts), in particular 25 ° C.
- Ts high temperature
- the viability of lactic acid bacteria is directly linked to their acidifying activity (Fonseca et al., 2001).
- the activity of lactic acid bacteria is preferably estimated by their capacity to acidify a culture medium is inoculated with a sample of the lyophilized composition according to the invention.
- the loss of viability of lactic acid bacteria can then be expressed as the loss of the acidifying activity of a sample of a determined weight of a lyophilized composition according to the invention, firstly at the end of step b) of lyophilization, then later as a function of the storage time at a predetermined temperature, as shown in the examples.
- K 0 min / day is accessible during storage at 4 ° C as at 25 ° C, if the criteria defined according to the invention are respected;
- Figure 1 shows the curves of evolution of the acidifying activity, observed for the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain under different conditions.
- the ordinate axis represents the time necessary for the reference culture medium to reach a pH of 5.5. The time corresponds to the acidifying activity of the bacterial concentrate tested as defined by the protocol used.
- the abscissa axis represents the storage time of the lyophilized composition according to the invention, expressed in days.
- the loss of activity is translated by the increase in the time necessary for a culture, under standard conditions, to reach a pH of 5.5.
- the curve with the solid diamond symbols represents the measurements carried out on a lyophilized composition according to the invention stored at the temperature of 4 ° C.
- the curve with the symbols in full squares represents the measurements carried out on a lyophilized composition according to the invention stored at the temperature of 25 ° C.
- the curve with the symbols in solid triangles represents the measurements carried out on a lyophilized composition according to the invention stored at the temperature of 37 ° C.
- the slope of the straight lines obtained for each of the three storage temperatures reflects the rate of loss of acidifying activity (K).
- K loss of acidifying activity
- FIG. 2 illustrates the values of the rates of loss of acidifying activity (K) observed during storage of the lyophilized compositions described in examples 1 to 4.
- the abscissa axis represents the value of the difference between the glass transition temperature ( Tg) and that of the storage temperature (Ts), expressed in degrees Celsius.
- the ordinate axis represents the rate of loss of acidifying activity, expressed as a normalized value for each strain (K / Kmax).
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus is a thermophilic lactic acid bacterium widely used, especially in the manufacture of yogurt and well known for its limited resistance to conservation treatments. Lactobacillus acidophilus is also thermophilic. It is used in fermented milk preparations containing probiotics. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is a mesophilic bacterium, mainly involved in the development of cheeses. Finally, Lactobacillus paracasei is a mesophilic bacterium, used in various products including fermented milk preparations containing probiotics and fermented plant products. Over there diversity of the strains studied in these 5 examples, it is considered that the entire field of lactic acid bacteria is covered by the invention.
- the bacteria are produced by fermentation, with pH regulation by adding 10M sodium hydroxide, under culture conditions specified for each case.
- the cells are concentrated and packaged in different lyoprotection media, the composition of which is described in each example.
- the final formula of the product before lyophilization is as follows:
- Lyoprotective medium (approximately 5 to 6% of dry matter), with or without antioxidant, containing maltodextrins and comprising maltotriose, maltose, glucose or glycerol, in variable proportions.
- the same freeze-drying cycle is applied in each example. After freezing on a plate cooled to -
- lyophilization includes a primary drying phase, at a pressure of 40 Pa and a plate temperature of 20 ° C. This phase is followed by a secondary desiccation lasting 6 hours, at a plate temperature of 25 ° C and a final total pressure of 13 Pa. Under these conditions, the final product reaches a water activity d 'about 0.1.
- the effects described in the examples are based on the comparison of the biological activity of cell suspensions. The method for measuring this biological activity is described below. The methods of physical characterization of the samples (measurement of the glass transition temperature and measurement of the water activity) are also presented.
- the determination of the biological activity of lactic acid bacteria at the various stages of their production and during their storage is important to characterize their resistance to these treatments.
- This biological activity is often associated with acidifying activity, which is the most important technological function of lactic acid bacteria and which expresses their entire metabolism.
- This biological activity is determined here using the method proposed by (Fonseca et al. 2000). The method consists in measuring the time necessary for the ferment incubated in milk, under standardized conditions, to reach a predetermined pH, for example 5.5. This measurement is carried out after freezing and after lyophilization, which makes it possible, by difference, to determine the loss of activity occurring during lyophilization (denoted dtl, in min). Measurements are made after different periods of isothermal storage in lyophilized form.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the losses of acidifying activity observed for the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain under different conditions.
- the water activity of the lyophilized samples and the glass transition temperature (Tg) are measured as indicated above.
- Tg glass transition temperatures
- the results correspond to the average of 2 independent measurements.
- Table 5 shows, for L. bulgaricus, that the glass transition temperature of the lyoprotection medium does not influence the loss of acidifying activity during lyophilization (dtl).
- Tg the loss of acidifying activity during lyophilization
- Tg-Ts For media supplemented with glucose and maltose, maintaining the activity is equivalent to the storage temperatures of 4 ° C and 25 ° C.
- Table 5 the difference Tg-Ts between the Tg of the final mixture and the storage temperature (Ts) is sufficiently large (between 20 ° C and 50 ° C) at temperatures of 4 ° C and 25 ° vs. Such a difference therefore seems necessary to ensure good storage stability of the bacteria for several months.
- the differences (Tg-Ts) are only 10 ° C to 15 ° C and remain insufficient to ensure the biological stability of the product.
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CFL1 (INRA, Grignon)
- composition and characteristics of the final lyoprotective media are identical to those mentioned in Example 2.
- the so-called reference cycle achieves a low water activity (aw of the order of 0.1) in the final lyophilized composition.
- the product achieves a water activity of approximately 0.3.
- the glass transition temperature decreases significantly when the aw increases, which corresponds to the plasticizing effect of water.
- the two media containing maltose and glucose, have final Tg values considered to be little different, given the spreading of the shoulder observed in complex medium.
- the results correspond to the average of 2 independent measurements.
- the activity of the water in the final mixture influences the loss of acidifying activity during lyophilization (dtl).
- the reduction in the duration and the temperature of the plaque during secondary drying would induce less cellular degradation and therefore, better resistance of the bacteria to lyophilization.
- the rate of loss of acidifying activity (K) is lower if the aw of the medium is 0.1 (cycle 1) instead of 0.3 (cycle 2). This indicates that a low aw is necessary to maintain the acidifying activity during storage.
- an aw of 0.3 induces better biological stability after lyophilization, it is the aw of 0.1 which is the most favorable for maintaining activity during storage. For example, after 4 weeks of storage at 25 ° C., the bacterial concentrates characterized by an aw of 0.3 have an activity much lower than the initial activity measured on the samples defined by an aw of 0.1.
- difference Tg-Ts greater than 20 ° C, Table 8
- Example 4 Effect of the difference between the glass transition temperature and the storage temperature on the storage in the lyophilized state of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A. Materials and Methods
- Table 10 Effect of the glass transition temperature of the medium on the loss of activity occurring during lyophilization (dtl) and on the rate of loss of acidifying activity observed during storage in lyophilized form (K, in min / day).
- Tg-Ts (° C)
- the results correspond to the average of 2 independent measurements.
- the values of the rates of loss of acidifying activity, observed during storage in lyophilized form in examples 1 to 4, are shown in FIG. 2 as a function of the difference Tg-Ts.
- Tg glass transition temperature of the final mixture
- Ts maximum storage temperature
- L. bulgaricus is the bacteria most sensitive to conservation treatments. These differences highlight the need to determine, for each species of microorganism, the conditions to be implemented during their lyophilization: formulation of the lyoprotection medium, operating conditions of the secondary drying phase and maximum storage temperature. However, the conditions recommended by the invention (difference Tg-Ts greater than 20 ° C) allow, in all cases, to reduce the effects of biological variability.
- Lactobacillus paracasei CFP1 (INRA, Grignon)
- Lyophilization conditions Two pairs of 'plate temperature and total pressure' during the primary drying stage are tested, namely:
- the secondary drying conditions are the same for the two cycles (25 ° C and 13 Pa) and the physical properties of the final lyophilized compositions are close (Tg of 45 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C).
- the total duration of the lyophilization cycle varies little, of the order of 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. depending on the operating conditions.
- the loss of activity during storage at 25 ° C. for 30 days also decreases significantly (difference of 30 min) when the couple of values of plate temperature and total pressure is lowered during the step of primary drying.
- the choice of a “plate temperature and total pressure” couple at low values (mild conditions) leads to better respect for the quality of the biological material, due to the slowing down of the reaction kinetics during the entire drying time. primary (several hours).
- the stability during storage of the lyophilized product keeping it below the transition temperature the entire layer frozen during the primary drying is also a favorable condition for the stability of the product during the lyophilization process.
- mild operating conditions of plate temperature and total pressure can improve storage stability.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0111269A FR2829147B1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Procede de preparation d'une composition lyophilisee contenant des bacteries lactiques a viabilite et activite bacteriennes ameliorees lors d'un stockage a temperature ambiante et composition obtenue |
| FR01/11269 | 2001-08-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003018778A2 true WO2003018778A2 (fr) | 2003-03-06 |
| WO2003018778A3 WO2003018778A3 (fr) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=8866835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2002/002983 Ceased WO2003018778A2 (fr) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | Procede de preparation d'une composition lyophilisee contenant des bacteries lactiques a viabilite et activite bacteriennes ameliorees lors d'un stockage a temperature ambiante et composition obtenue |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2829147B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003018778A2 (fr) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2882369A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-25 | Air Liquide | Procede par lequel on modifie la viabilite d'un microorganisme lyophilise par conditionnement de son milieu de croissance par des gaz |
| WO2008048731A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Méthode pour prolonger la durée de conservation de formulations nutritionnelles pulvérulentes contenant des probiotiques viables |
| WO2010110915A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Moobella, Inc. | Compositions alimentaires contenant des probiotiques déshydratés, leurs procédés de fabrication et leurs utilisations |
| WO2011018509A1 (fr) | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Danisco A/S | Micro-organismes déshydratés enrobés présentant une stabilité et une viabilité accrues |
| WO2011086293A1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-21 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Sulfatase modifiant selectivement les glycosaminoglycanes |
| WO2013055463A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Compositions contenant du maltotriose et procedes d'utilisation pour inhiber les degats engendres par les processus de deshydratation |
| US8691303B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-04-08 | The Iams Company | Dusted animal food |
| US9173423B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-11-03 | The Iams Company | Animal food kibble with electrostatically adhered dusting |
| US9210945B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-12-15 | The Iams Company | Animal food having low water activity |
| US9554583B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2017-01-31 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Process for the production of freeze dried micro-organisms and related compositions |
| US10104903B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2018-10-23 | Mars, Incorporated | Animal food and its appearance |
| WO2018234645A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Fondation Mediterranee Infection | Procede de conservation d'un echantillon de bacteries |
| US11154077B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2021-10-26 | Mars, Incorporated | Process for dusting animal food |
| US11304428B2 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2022-04-19 | Mars, Incorporated | Interlocking kibble |
| US11388914B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2022-07-19 | Mars, Incorporated | Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof |
| CN120506801A (zh) * | 2025-07-22 | 2025-08-19 | 奶酪博士(安徽)食品科技有限公司 | 用于风干设备的自适应调控方法及系统 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3897307A (en) * | 1974-10-23 | 1975-07-29 | Hansens Lab Inc | Stabilized dry cultures of lactic acid-producing bacteria |
| EP0259739A1 (fr) * | 1986-09-10 | 1988-03-16 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Stabilité de cultures lyophilisées |
-
2001
- 2001-08-30 FR FR0111269A patent/FR2829147B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-30 WO PCT/FR2002/002983 patent/WO2003018778A2/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006090078A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-31 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede par lequel on modifie la viabilite d'un microorganisme lyophilise par conditionnement de son milieu de croissance par des gaz |
| FR2882369A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-25 | Air Liquide | Procede par lequel on modifie la viabilite d'un microorganisme lyophilise par conditionnement de son milieu de croissance par des gaz |
| WO2008048731A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Méthode pour prolonger la durée de conservation de formulations nutritionnelles pulvérulentes contenant des probiotiques viables |
| WO2010110915A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Moobella, Inc. | Compositions alimentaires contenant des probiotiques déshydratés, leurs procédés de fabrication et leurs utilisations |
| US10104903B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2018-10-23 | Mars, Incorporated | Animal food and its appearance |
| US11154077B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2021-10-26 | Mars, Incorporated | Process for dusting animal food |
| US8691303B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-04-08 | The Iams Company | Dusted animal food |
| US9173423B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-11-03 | The Iams Company | Animal food kibble with electrostatically adhered dusting |
| US9210945B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-12-15 | The Iams Company | Animal food having low water activity |
| WO2011018509A1 (fr) | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-17 | Danisco A/S | Micro-organismes déshydratés enrobés présentant une stabilité et une viabilité accrues |
| WO2011086293A1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-21 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Sulfatase modifiant selectivement les glycosaminoglycanes |
| CN103929979A (zh) * | 2011-10-11 | 2014-07-16 | Mjn美国控股有限责任公司 | 包含麦芽三糖的组合物,和使用该组合物抑制脱水过程所造成的损伤的方法 |
| CN107647394A (zh) * | 2011-10-11 | 2018-02-02 | Mjn 美国控股有限责任公司 | 包含麦芽三糖的组合物及其用于抑制脱水所致损伤的用途 |
| WO2013055463A1 (fr) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Compositions contenant du maltotriose et procedes d'utilisation pour inhiber les degats engendres par les processus de deshydratation |
| US9554583B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2017-01-31 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Process for the production of freeze dried micro-organisms and related compositions |
| US11304428B2 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2022-04-19 | Mars, Incorporated | Interlocking kibble |
| US11388914B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2022-07-19 | Mars, Incorporated | Process of preparing a wet pet food, wet pet food produced by the process and uses thereof |
| WO2018234645A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Fondation Mediterranee Infection | Procede de conservation d'un echantillon de bacteries |
| CN120506801A (zh) * | 2025-07-22 | 2025-08-19 | 奶酪博士(安徽)食品科技有限公司 | 用于风干设备的自适应调控方法及系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2829147A1 (fr) | 2003-03-07 |
| WO2003018778A3 (fr) | 2003-11-27 |
| FR2829147B1 (fr) | 2003-12-12 |
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