WO2003013930A1 - Vehicle air system - Google Patents
Vehicle air system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003013930A1 WO2003013930A1 PCT/GB2002/003333 GB0203333W WO03013930A1 WO 2003013930 A1 WO2003013930 A1 WO 2003013930A1 GB 0203333 W GB0203333 W GB 0203333W WO 03013930 A1 WO03013930 A1 WO 03013930A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- state
- compressor
- valve
- vent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/002—Air treatment devices
- B60T17/004—Draining and drying devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/002—Air treatment devices
- B60T17/006—Anti-frost devices
Definitions
- This invention relates to air systems of vehicles, and particularly to the operation of such systems in cold weather.
- a typical vehicle air system comprises an engine driven compressor, a reservoir downstream of the compressor, and a demand valve through which compressed air is admitted to air consumer circuits, such as the vehicle foundation brakes.
- air consumer circuits such as the vehicle foundation brakes.
- Other consumers supplied with air under pressure may include the handbrake, suspension, windscreen wipers and other minor auxiliaries.
- a complex valve block is required in order to ensure that safety critical circuits have priority.
- the or at least one reservoir is usually mounted on the exterior of the vehicle chassis, and the usual air dryer (comprising a cartridge of desiccant) is adjacent.
- This arrangement is not only service friendly, but also permits the reservoir(s) to be drained of accumulated moisture as often as is required. Easy draining should be facilitated to encourage compliance, since moisture in the system can result in significant problems, as will be explained.
- the reservoir is typically some distance from the usual engine driven compressor.
- the air dryer is typically located next to the reservoir in order to minimise the lost volume of dry air as the desiccant is periodically regenerated. Such regeneration is by expanding a small volume of dry air through the desiccant in reverse, thus carrying accumulated moisture out to atmosphere.
- the lowest point of the air dryer body usually comprises a sump and is coincident with a regeneration valve. In this way moisture in the air dryer body will always drain to the sump and be expelled during regeneration.
- a significant problem in very cold conditions is that moisture in this sump may freeze, thus preventing proper opening of the regeneration valve. This may occur for example during extended highway rui ning, when air demand is low due to steady state conditions.
- the vehicle driver may be unaware that the valve has frozen and that regeneration is not taking place, and as a result the desiccant may become saturated; thus allowing moisture to pass into the consumer circuits. This in turn can result in corrosion of the consumer circuits and apparatus, but most importantly can lead to freezing of moisture in the braking circuits which may in tarn render the brakes inoperative.
- an air system for the braking system of a vehicle comprising a regeneration valve having an inlet for connection to a compressor, a vent for connection to atmosphere and an outlet for connection to an air dryer, wherein the valve is adapted in a first state to connect the inlet to the outlet, and in a second state to connect the outlet to the vent, wherein the valve is adapted in a third state to connect the inlet to the vent in response to a predetermined sensed temperature.
- the third state is in response to cold atmospheric conditions, and particularly to an atmospheric temperature below 0°C.
- the third state may alternatively be in response to the temperature of said regeneration valve, and particularly to a temperature below 0°C.
- the regeneration valve is responsive to a control system, and adapted to be in one of said three states at all times.
- the control system is preferably responsive to ambient temperature or to temperature of the regeneration valve, and to air pressure of a reservoir downstream of said air dryer.
- the compressor Under normal conditions it can be expected that the compressor will be warm, typically because the compressor is mounted adjacent to, or on the vehicle engine. If however the compressor is likely to be at ambient atmospheric temperature after a period of inactivity, due for example to a relatively remote or exposed location, it may be advantageous to work the compressor prior to adopting said third state, thus allowing warm air to be exhausted through the vent.
- the compressor may be worked by for example lowering the cut in system pressure or raising the maximum system pressure before the compressor is unloaded.
- Such variation of system pressure parameters may be arranged electronically in response to sensing of compressor body temperature, air temperature within the compressor, and/or elapsed time since the previous pumping event.
- An elapsed time/temperature map may be utilized to determine the period of compressor pumping prior to venting in said third state. Such an arrangement ensures that running of the compressor for air warming purposes is kept to a minimum.
- FIG. 1 A conventional system of an air braking installation of a vehicle is illustrated in Fig. 1
- a compressor 10 receives air from the atmosphere Al, and when brought on load, supplies air under pressure to a regeneration valve 11. In the forward direction, the regeneration valve 11 permits air to pass through an air dryer 12, and thence to a reservoir 13.
- a typical air dryer includes a canister of desiccant material. The compressor is taken off load by a control system 14, acting through control line 15C, when the reservoir reaches a predetermined pressure indicated through control line 15 A.
- Air is supplied from the reservoir to air consumers C, such as vehicle brakes, and at a lower predetermined pressure the compressor is brought on load to replenish the reservoir 13.
- the compressor may be de-clutched, but more typically is allowed to free-wheel with either the inlet or outlet valve held in an open condition.
- a twin cylinder compressor may be arranged to pump air idly between the cylinders. In the latter cases small pumping losses are incurred, but response of the compressor to an on-load signal is instant.
- the regeneration valve 11 has a third state in which it is maintained in an open condition at times when the compressor is running.
- the compressor consequently pumps against a small resistance through pipework and the open regeneration valve to atmosphere at A2 and is thus off-load..
- air flow through the sump of the regeneration valve is maintained, and a build up of moisture or ice is prevented.
- the air from the compressor is usually somewhat warmer than ambient due to the proximity of the air compressor to the vehicle engine. This warm air has the effect of maintaining the regeneration valve rather warmer than ambient which is generally beneficial in cold running conditions.
- the control system 14 causes the regeneration valve to revert to the condition in which air passes in the forward direction through the air dryer 12 to the reservoir 13.
- the regeneration valve has three states. Firstly, air is passed from the compressor through the air dryer in the forwards direction, the vent to atmosphere A2 being closed. Secondly, during regeneration, the inlet from the compressor is closed, and air is allowed to pass in the reverse direction through the air dryer to atmosphere A2. Thirdly, the compressor is allowed to run off-load, that is to say idly, and vent to atmosphere A2 through the regeneration valve, the air dryer being passive and being closed off from the regeneration valve.
- the control system may be temperature responsive, either to ambient temperature, or actual temperature of the regeneration valve, so as to permit the compressor to idle through the vent of the regeneration valve only during periods of low temperature. At other times the compressor will idle conventionally. This arrangement may give a small fuel saving since the back pressure generated by the pipework and regeneration valve will generally be greater than the back pressure of a conventional cylinder head unloader or the like.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
Abstract
An air system for the braking system of a vehicle is disclosed. The air system comprises a regeneration valve (11) having an inlet for connection to a compressor (10), a vent for connection to atmosphere and an outlet for connection to an air dryer (12), wherein the valve is adapted in a first state to connect the inlet to the outlet, and in a second state to connect the outlet to the vent, wherein the valve is adapted in a third state to connect the inlet to the vent in response to a predetermined sensed temperature.
Description
Vehicle Air System
This invention relates to air systems of vehicles, and particularly to the operation of such systems in cold weather.
A typical vehicle air system comprises an engine driven compressor, a reservoir downstream of the compressor, and a demand valve through which compressed air is admitted to air consumer circuits, such as the vehicle foundation brakes. Other consumers supplied with air under pressure may include the handbrake, suspension, windscreen wipers and other minor auxiliaries. A complex valve block is required in order to ensure that safety critical circuits have priority.
For convenience the or at least one reservoir is usually mounted on the exterior of the vehicle chassis, and the usual air dryer (comprising a cartridge of desiccant) is adjacent. This arrangement is not only service friendly, but also permits the reservoir(s) to be drained of accumulated moisture as often as is required. Easy draining should be facilitated to encourage compliance, since moisture in the system can result in significant problems, as will be explained. The reservoir is typically some distance from the usual engine driven compressor.
The air dryer is typically located next to the reservoir in order to minimise the lost volume of dry air as the desiccant is periodically regenerated. Such regeneration is by expanding a small volume of dry air through the desiccant in reverse, thus carrying accumulated moisture out to atmosphere.
The lowest point of the air dryer body usually comprises a sump and is coincident with a regeneration valve. In this way moisture in the air dryer body will always drain to the sump and be expelled during regeneration.
A significant problem in very cold conditions is that moisture in this sump may freeze, thus preventing proper opening of the regeneration valve. This may occur for example during extended highway rui ning, when air demand is low due to steady state conditions. The vehicle driver may be unaware that the valve has frozen and that regeneration is not taking place, and as a result the desiccant may become saturated; thus allowing moisture to pass into the consumer circuits. This in turn can result in
corrosion of the consumer circuits and apparatus, but most importantly can lead to freezing of moisture in the braking circuits which may in tarn render the brakes inoperative.
What is required is a means of ensuring regeneration of the air dryer in very cold weather.
According to the invention there is provided an air system for the braking system of a vehicle, said air system comprising a regeneration valve having an inlet for connection to a compressor, a vent for connection to atmosphere and an outlet for connection to an air dryer, wherein the valve is adapted in a first state to connect the inlet to the outlet, and in a second state to connect the outlet to the vent, wherein the valve is adapted in a third state to connect the inlet to the vent in response to a predetermined sensed temperature.
Preferably the third state is in response to cold atmospheric conditions, and particularly to an atmospheric temperature below 0°C. The third state may alternatively be in response to the temperature of said regeneration valve, and particularly to a temperature below 0°C.
In a preferred embodiment the regeneration valve is responsive to a control system, and adapted to be in one of said three states at all times. The control system is preferably responsive to ambient temperature or to temperature of the regeneration valve, and to air pressure of a reservoir downstream of said air dryer.
Under normal conditions it can be expected that the compressor will be warm, typically because the compressor is mounted adjacent to, or on the vehicle engine. If however the compressor is likely to be at ambient atmospheric temperature after a period of inactivity, due for example to a relatively remote or exposed location, it may be advantageous to work the compressor prior to adopting said third state, thus allowing warm air to be exhausted through the vent.
The compressor may be worked by for example lowering the cut in system pressure or raising the maximum system pressure before the compressor is unloaded. Such variation of system pressure parameters may be arranged electronically in response to sensing of compressor body temperature, air temperature within the compressor, and/or elapsed time since the previous pumping event. An elapsed time/temperature map may be utilized to determine the period of compressor pumping prior to venting in said third
state. Such an arrangement ensures that running of the compressor for air warming purposes is kept to a minimum.
Other features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment shown by way of example only in the accompanying drawing which illustrates schematically an air supply system of a vehicle.
A conventional system of an air braking installation of a vehicle is illustrated in Fig. 1
A compressor 10 receives air from the atmosphere Al, and when brought on load, supplies air under pressure to a regeneration valve 11. In the forward direction, the regeneration valve 11 permits air to pass through an air dryer 12, and thence to a reservoir 13. A typical air dryer includes a canister of desiccant material. The compressor is taken off load by a control system 14, acting through control line 15C, when the reservoir reaches a predetermined pressure indicated through control line 15 A.
Air is supplied from the reservoir to air consumers C, such as vehicle brakes, and at a lower predetermined pressure the compressor is brought on load to replenish the reservoir 13.
Over a period of time the desiccant will approach saturation, and conventionally a small volume of dry air in the reservoir is expanded through the desiccant in reverse and expelled to atmosphere A2 through the regeneration valve 11. Regeneration can only occur when the compressor is off load, for example in response to a signal through control line 15B. Typically regeneration is triggered each time the compressor is brought offload at the predetermined reservoir pressure.
Various methods of bringing the compressor off load are known. The compressor may be de-clutched, but more typically is allowed to free-wheel with either the inlet or outlet valve held in an open condition. A twin cylinder compressor may be arranged to pump air idly between the cylinders. In the latter cases small pumping losses are incurred, but response of the compressor to an on-load signal is instant.
As mentioned above, in the case of steady state n ning in very cold conditions, moisture in the sump of the regeneration valve 11 may freeze, thus preventing the valve from opening. According to the invention, the regeneration valve 11 has a third state in which it is maintained in an open condition at times when the compressor is running.
The compressor consequently pumps against a small resistance through pipework and the open regeneration valve to atmosphere at A2 and is thus off-load.. In such an arrangement air flow through the sump of the regeneration valve is maintained, and a build up of moisture or ice is prevented. Moreover, the air from the compressor is usually somewhat warmer than ambient due to the proximity of the air compressor to the vehicle engine. This warm air has the effect of maintaining the regeneration valve rather warmer than ambient which is generally beneficial in cold running conditions. When the compressor 10 is brought on-load, the control system 14 causes the regeneration valve to revert to the condition in which air passes in the forward direction through the air dryer 12 to the reservoir 13.
Thus the regeneration valve has three states. Firstly, air is passed from the compressor through the air dryer in the forwards direction, the vent to atmosphere A2 being closed. Secondly, during regeneration, the inlet from the compressor is closed, and air is allowed to pass in the reverse direction through the air dryer to atmosphere A2. Thirdly, the compressor is allowed to run off-load, that is to say idly, and vent to atmosphere A2 through the regeneration valve, the air dryer being passive and being closed off from the regeneration valve.
The control system may be temperature responsive, either to ambient temperature, or actual temperature of the regeneration valve, so as to permit the compressor to idle through the vent of the regeneration valve only during periods of low temperature. At other times the compressor will idle conventionally. This arrangement may give a small fuel saving since the back pressure generated by the pipework and regeneration valve will generally be greater than the back pressure of a conventional cylinder head unloader or the like.
Claims
1. An air braking system of a vehicle, the system including in sequence an air compressor, a regeneration valve, an air dryer and an air reservoir, the regeneration valve having an inlet for connection to said compressor, an outlet for connection to said air dryer and a vent for connection to atmosphere, wherein the system has a first state whereby air is supplied from the compressor via the regeneration valve and air dryer to the reservoir, a second state whereby air under pressure flows from the reservoir via the air dryer and regeneration valve to said vent, and a third state whereby air is supplied from the compressor via the regeneration valve to said vent.
2. An air system for the braking system of a vehicle, the air system comprising a regeneration valve having an inlet for connection to a compressor, a vent for connection to atmosphere and an outlet for connection to an air dryer, wherein the valve is adapted in a first state to connect the inlet to the outlet, and in a second state to connect the outlet to the vent, wherein the valve is adapted in a third state to connect the inlet to the vent.
3. An air system according to claim 1 wherein said third state is enabled in response to a predetermined sensed temperature.
4. An air system according to claim 2 wherein the third state is enabled in response to an atmosphere temperature below 0°C
5. An air system according to claim 2 or claim 3 wherein said third state is enabled in response to the temperature of the body of said regeneration valve.
6. An air system according to any preceding claim wherein in said third state said inlet, outlet and vent are connected.
7. An air system according to any preceding claim wherein said valve is at all times in one of said first, second and third states.
8. An air system according to any preceding claim and further including control means to cause said valve to adopt one of said first, second and third states, said control systems being responsive to ambient atmospheric temperature and air pressure at said outlet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0119150A GB0119150D0 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2001-08-06 | Vehicle air system |
| GB0119150.1 | 2001-08-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003013930A1 true WO2003013930A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
Family
ID=9919895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2002/003333 Ceased WO2003013930A1 (en) | 2001-08-06 | 2002-07-19 | Vehicle air system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB0119150D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003013930A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101848755B (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2013-04-24 | 艾拉斯科普库空气动力股份有限公司 | Method for drying a compressed gas |
| EP2719595A1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Compressed air supply device and method for operating a compressed air supply device |
| WO2023043354A1 (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-23 | Scania Cv Ab | Method of operating a compressed air system, computer program, computer-readable medium, control arrangement, compressed air system, and vehicle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2337723A1 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-02-21 | Aeroquip Ag | COOLER FILTER UNIT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS |
| EP0093253A1 (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1983-11-09 | Knorr-Bremse Ag | Control system for the regeneration of an air dryer for a pneumatic system, particularly for a vehicle brake system |
| DE3923882A1 (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-06 | Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeug | DEVICE FOR GENERATING COMPRESSED AIR |
| DE19627403A1 (en) * | 1996-07-06 | 1998-01-08 | Wabco Gmbh | Airbrake system compressed air equipment for vehicle |
-
2001
- 2001-08-06 GB GB0119150A patent/GB0119150D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-07-19 WO PCT/GB2002/003333 patent/WO2003013930A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2337723A1 (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-02-21 | Aeroquip Ag | COOLER FILTER UNIT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS |
| EP0093253A1 (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1983-11-09 | Knorr-Bremse Ag | Control system for the regeneration of an air dryer for a pneumatic system, particularly for a vehicle brake system |
| DE3923882A1 (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-06 | Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeug | DEVICE FOR GENERATING COMPRESSED AIR |
| DE19627403A1 (en) * | 1996-07-06 | 1998-01-08 | Wabco Gmbh | Airbrake system compressed air equipment for vehicle |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101848755B (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2013-04-24 | 艾拉斯科普库空气动力股份有限公司 | Method for drying a compressed gas |
| EP2719595A1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Compressed air supply device and method for operating a compressed air supply device |
| WO2014060298A1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Compressed air supply device and method for operating a compressed air supply device |
| CN104968545A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-10-07 | 克诺尔商用车制动系统有限公司 | Compressed air supply device and method for operating a compressed air supply device |
| CN104968545B (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2017-06-09 | 克诺尔商用车制动系统有限公司 | Compressed air supply system and the method for running compressed air supply system |
| RU2635713C2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2017-11-15 | Кнорр-Бремзе Зюстеме Фюр Нутцфарцойге Гмбх | Compressed air supply device and method of its operation |
| WO2023043354A1 (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-23 | Scania Cv Ab | Method of operating a compressed air system, computer program, computer-readable medium, control arrangement, compressed air system, and vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0119150D0 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
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