WO2003006811A1 - Insert, acting as the base area of a cylinder head - Google Patents
Insert, acting as the base area of a cylinder head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003006811A1 WO2003006811A1 PCT/DE2002/002330 DE0202330W WO03006811A1 WO 2003006811 A1 WO2003006811 A1 WO 2003006811A1 DE 0202330 W DE0202330 W DE 0202330W WO 03006811 A1 WO03006811 A1 WO 03006811A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- area
- sintered
- valve seat
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
- F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/249—Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to an application as the base area of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- a cylinder head with an insert made of dispersion-hardened sintered aluminum is known.
- the insert can either be cast in, pressed in, welded in or mechanically anchored.
- the valve seat areas are shrunk or pressed in in the form of seat rings, which on the one hand results in poor heat transfer to the adjacent material and on the other hand requires a high level of production and assembly effort.
- US Pat. No. 5,954,038 A describes an insert for an aluminum cylinder head which is made of a material which has high heat resistance and thermal conductivity, this insert containing at least a proportion of gray cast iron.
- This insert is either hardened in the area of the valve seats or valve seat rings are shrunk or pressed in to achieve the required wear resistance. If the valve seat area is hardened, the specific requirements for an inlet and outlet Valve seat cannot be adjusted optimally.
- valve seat rings there is the disadvantage already highlighted above in DE 31 00 755 AI.
- DE 199 18 002 Cl describes a method for casting a cylinder head from two alloys.
- a high-strength, high-temperature change-resistant first light metal alloy is cast in the combustion chamber floor area up to a layer thickness of approximately 50 mm. Even before this layer thickness is reached, the casting performance of the first light metal alloy is reduced and a second easily castable light metal alloy is added, which forms the upper part of the cylinder head.
- This process offers the advantage of using a high-quality alloy in mechanically and thermally highly stressed areas. However, the mass used for this alloy is very high and the seat ring problem continues to exist.
- the invention is concerned with the problem of creating a generic insert that is easy to manufacture and functions reliably.
- the insert can be manufactured in a powder metallurgical process from different materials. Different materials can be used for the area of the gas exchange valve seats according to the respective requirements.
- the valve seat areas can be inserted as finished sintered seat rings in a press mold for producing the insert, the remaining area, which is assigned to the web and sealing surfaces in the cylinder head, filled with the base material in powder form, pressed and then to achieve a composite part at approx. 600 ° C is sintered.
- dispersion-hardened sintered aluminum can be selected as the base material for use.
- the insert can either be inserted individually for each cylinder or as a coherent insert for several cylinders in the casting mold for the production of the cylinder head and can thus be cast into the cylinder head.
- An excellent metallic bond and a firm mechanical form fit between the insert and the cylinder head can be achieved by means of a surface treatment such as for example finishing or sandblasting of the insert and by a special shape.
- An insert according to the invention made from dispersion-hardened aluminum has a very high heat resistance, a high pressure creep resistance and a good thermal conductivity. In terms of thermal expansion behavior, such an insert corresponds to that of an aluminum cylinder head.
- the insert By pouring the insert into a cylinder head, either as a single insert for each cylinder or as a coherent insert for several cylinders with a previous surface treatment such as finishing or sandblasting, an intimate bond is created by an intermetallic connection and mechanical clamping and form locking. Since the insert comprises the thermally highly stressed areas of the base area, in particular the valve webs and the sealing surface area subjected to a high pressure load, there is neither a risk of web rupture nor a risk of indentation in the sealing area.
- Fig. 1 shows the basic representation of a partial cross section through a cast from an aluminum alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with charge exchange channels and use as a partial floor area.
- a cylinder head blank 1 with gas exchange channels 2, 3 and a cooling water jacket 4 is provided with an insert 5 in the bottom area thereof.
- the insert 5 consists of dispersion-hardened aluminum and is cast directly into the cylinder head 1.
- the insert 5 is a composite body which is produced with the aid of a powder metallurgical process.
- the manufacture takes place by inserting valve seat areas 6, 7 in the form of sintered rings into a press mold for the insert 5.
- the remaining space of the press mold for the production of the insert is then filled as area A of the insert 5 with the dispersion-hardened aluminum powder, the insert is pressed and then sintered at a temperature of approx. 600 ° C.
- the insert 5 is inserted into a casting mold for the production of the cylinder head 1 after a surface treatment by, for example, finishing, and cast with aluminum casting material, an intermetallic compound being formed.
- the insert 5 can be inserted into the cylinder head casting mold either individually for each cylinder or as a coherent insert 5 for several cylinders.
- the insert 5 expediently consists of sintered steel.
- the production of this sintered steel insert can be carried out analogously to that in the use of sintered aluminum described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Einsatz als Bodenbereich eines Zylinderkopfes Use as the base area of a cylinder head
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Einsatz als Bodenbereich eines Zylinderkopfes eines Verbrennungsmotors nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an application as the base area of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Aus DE 31 00 755 AI ist ein Zylinderkopf mit einem Einsatz aus dispersionsgehärtetem Sinteraluminium bekannt. Der Einsatz kann entweder eingegossen, eingepresst, eingeschweißt oder mechanisch verankert sein. Die Ventilsitzbereiche werden in der Form von Sitzringen eingeschrumpft bzw. eingepresst, wodurch sich einerseits ein schlechter Wärmeübergang zu dem angrenzenden Material ergibt und wodurch andererseits ein hoher Fertigungs- und Montageaufwand erforderlich ist.From DE 31 00 755 AI a cylinder head with an insert made of dispersion-hardened sintered aluminum is known. The insert can either be cast in, pressed in, welded in or mechanically anchored. The valve seat areas are shrunk or pressed in in the form of seat rings, which on the one hand results in poor heat transfer to the adjacent material and on the other hand requires a high level of production and assembly effort.
US 5,954,038 A beschreibt einen Einsatz für einen Aluminium- Zylinderkopf, welcher aus einem Werkstoff besteht, der eine hohe Warmfestigkeit und Wärmeleitfähigkeit besitzt, wobei dieser Einsatz zumindest einen Anteil an Grauguss enthält. Dieser Einsatz ist im Bereich der Ventilsitze entweder gehärtet oder es werden Ventilsitzringe eingeschrumpft bzw. eingepresst, um die erforderliche Verschleißfestigkeit zu erreichen. Wird der Ventilsitzbereich gehärtet, können die spezifischen Anforderungen für einen Einlass- und Auslass- Ventilsitz nicht optimal eingestellt werden. Bei der Verwendung von Ventilsitzringen ergibt sich der bereits vorstehend bei DE 31 00 755 AI herausgestellte Nachteil.US Pat. No. 5,954,038 A describes an insert for an aluminum cylinder head which is made of a material which has high heat resistance and thermal conductivity, this insert containing at least a proportion of gray cast iron. This insert is either hardened in the area of the valve seats or valve seat rings are shrunk or pressed in to achieve the required wear resistance. If the valve seat area is hardened, the specific requirements for an inlet and outlet Valve seat cannot be adjusted optimally. When using valve seat rings, there is the disadvantage already highlighted above in DE 31 00 755 AI.
DE 199 18 002 Cl beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Gießen eines Zylinderkopfes aus zwei Legierungen. Eine hochfeste und hochtemperaturwechselbeständige erste Leichtmetalllegierung wird im Brennraumbodenbereich bis zu einer Schichtdicke von etwa 50 mm vergossen. Bereits vor Erreichen dieser Schichtdicke wird die Gießleistung der ersten Leichtmetalllegierung reduziert und eine zweite gut gießbare Leichtmetalllegierung zugemischt, welche den oberen Teil des Zylinderkopfes bildet. Dieses Verfahren bietet den Vorteil im mechanisch und thermisch hochbelasteten Bereich eine hochwertige Legierung zu verwenden. Allerdings ist der Masseneinsatz für diese Legierung sehr hoch und die Sitzringproblematik weiterhin vorhanden.DE 199 18 002 Cl describes a method for casting a cylinder head from two alloys. A high-strength, high-temperature change-resistant first light metal alloy is cast in the combustion chamber floor area up to a layer thickness of approximately 50 mm. Even before this layer thickness is reached, the casting performance of the first light metal alloy is reduced and a second easily castable light metal alloy is added, which forms the upper part of the cylinder head. This process offers the advantage of using a high-quality alloy in mechanically and thermally highly stressed areas. However, the mass used for this alloy is very high and the seat ring problem continues to exist.
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, einen einfach herstellbaren und betriebssicher funktionierenden gattungsgemäßen Einsatz zu schaffen.The invention is concerned with the problem of creating a generic insert that is easy to manufacture and functions reliably.
Grundsätzlich gelöst wird dieses Problem durch einen gattungsgemäßen Einsatz nach den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, 16 oder 17.This problem is basically solved by a generic use according to the characterizing features of claim 1, 16 or 17.
Zweckmäßige und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Ausführung nach Anspruch 1 sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Unteransprüche . Der Einsatz kann insbesondere in einem pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen hergestellt werden. Für den Bereich der Gaswechselventilsitze können den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechende unterschiedliche Werkstoffe eingesetzt werden. Die Ventilsitzbereiche können als fertiggesinterte Sitzringe in eine Pressform zum Herstellen des Einsatzes eingelegt werden, wobei der verbleibende Bereich, der den Steg- und Dichtflächen bei dem Zylinderkopf zugeordnet ist, mit dem Basismaterial in Pulverform aufgefüllt, verpresst und anschließend zur Erzielung eines Verbundteiles bei ca. 600°C gesintert wird. Als Basismaterial für den Einsatz kann beispielsweise dispersionsgehärtetes Sinteraluminium gewählt werden. Der Einsatz kann entweder einzeln für jeden Zylinder oder als ein zusammenhängender Einsatz für mehrere Zylinder in die Gießform zur Herstellung des Zylinderkopfes eingelegt und dadurch in den Zylinderkopf eingegossen werden. Durch eine Oberflächenbehandlung wie beispielsweise Alfinieren oder Sandstrahlen des Einsatzes und durch eine besondere Formgebung kann eine ausgezeichnete metallische Bindung und ein fester mechanischer Formschluss zwischen dem Einsatz und dem Zylinderkopf erreicht werden.Expedient and advantageous embodiments of the embodiment according to claim 1 are the subject of the dependent subclaims. The insert can be manufactured in a powder metallurgical process from different materials. Different materials can be used for the area of the gas exchange valve seats according to the respective requirements. The valve seat areas can be inserted as finished sintered seat rings in a press mold for producing the insert, the remaining area, which is assigned to the web and sealing surfaces in the cylinder head, filled with the base material in powder form, pressed and then to achieve a composite part at approx. 600 ° C is sintered. For example, dispersion-hardened sintered aluminum can be selected as the base material for use. The insert can either be inserted individually for each cylinder or as a coherent insert for several cylinders in the casting mold for the production of the cylinder head and can thus be cast into the cylinder head. An excellent metallic bond and a firm mechanical form fit between the insert and the cylinder head can be achieved by means of a surface treatment such as for example finishing or sandblasting of the insert and by a special shape.
Besondere Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, gezielt für den Bodenbereich des Zylinderkopfes ein Verstärkungsteil vorfertigen zu können, bei dem eine große Freiheit bei der Wahl der Werkstoffe und der Fertigungsverfahren besteht. Hierdurch können sowohl Zylinderköpfe aus Aluminiumlegierungen als auch aus Gusseisenwerkstoffen einfach und wirkungs- voll verstärkt werden. Beschränkungen aus dem Gießprozess für die Zylinderköpfe bestehen bei den erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungen des Bodeneinsatzes nicht.Particular advantages of the invention consist in being able to prefabricate a reinforcement part specifically for the base region of the cylinder head, in which there is great freedom in the choice of materials and manufacturing processes. As a result, both cylinder heads made of aluminum alloys and cast iron materials can be easily and effectively be fully reinforced. There are no restrictions from the casting process for the cylinder heads in the embodiments of the floor insert according to the invention.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Einsatz aus dispersionsgehärtetem Aluminium besitzt eine sehr hohe Warmfestigkeit, eine hohe Druckkriechfestigkeit sowie eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Im Wärmeausdehnungsverhalten entspricht ein solcher Einsatz demjenigen eines Aluminiumzylinderkopfes. Beim Pressen des Einsatzes, mit den in die Pressform eingelegten Sitzringen als Ventilsitzbereiche und einem anschließenden Sintern bei einer Temperatur von ca. 600 °C wird ein sehr inniger mechanischer Verbund durch Verklammerung und Formschluss erzeugt, welcher eine gute Wärmeübertragung von den Sitzringbereichen zum Einsatz garantiert. Durch das Eingießen des Einsatzes in einen Zylinderkopf entweder als einzelner Einsatz für jeden Zylinder oder als zusammenhängender Einsatz für mehrere Zylinder mit einer vorangehenden Oberflächenbehandlung wie beispielsweise Alfinieren oder Sandstrahlen wird ein inniger Verbund durch eine intermetallische Verbindung und einer mechanischen Verklammerung sowie Formschluß erzeugt. Indem der Einsatz die thermisch hochbeanspruchten Bereiche des Bodenbereiches mit insbesondere den Ventilstegen und dem mit einer hohen Druckbelastung beaufschlagten Dichtflächenbereich umfasst, besteht weder eine Steg-Riss-Gefahr noch eine Gefahr der Eindrückung im Dichtbereich.An insert according to the invention made from dispersion-hardened aluminum has a very high heat resistance, a high pressure creep resistance and a good thermal conductivity. In terms of thermal expansion behavior, such an insert corresponds to that of an aluminum cylinder head. When pressing the insert, with the seat rings inserted into the mold as valve seat areas and a subsequent sintering at a temperature of approx. 600 ° C, a very intimate mechanical bond is created by clamping and positive locking, which guarantees good heat transfer from the seat ring areas to the insert. By pouring the insert into a cylinder head, either as a single insert for each cylinder or as a coherent insert for several cylinders with a previous surface treatment such as finishing or sandblasting, an intimate bond is created by an intermetallic connection and mechanical clamping and form locking. Since the insert comprises the thermally highly stressed areas of the base area, in particular the valve webs and the sealing surface area subjected to a high pressure load, there is neither a risk of web rupture nor a risk of indentation in the sealing area.
Bei der Verwendung von Sinterstahl als Basismaterial für den Einsatz ergibt sich weiterhin auch noch die Möglichkeit, den Einsatz als Bodenplatte in einen Zylinderkopf aus Gusseisen einzugießen. Eine weitere Vereinfachung des Herstellungsprozesses für den Verbundkörper ergibt sich bei der Verwendung durch Sinterstahl als Basismaterial, wenn die Ventilsitzbereiche nicht als vorgeformte Teile in die Pressform für den Einsatz eingelegt werden, sondern in die Pressform im Bereich der Ventilsitzbereiche besonders verschleißfestes Sinterstahlpulver eingebracht wird und danach die Pressform mit dem Basismaterial aufgefüllt, gepresst und das Einsatzteil dann gesintert wird.When using sintered steel as the base material for use, there is still the possibility of the Pour the insert as a base plate into a cast iron cylinder head. A further simplification of the manufacturing process for the composite body results from the use of sintered steel as the base material if the valve seat areas are not inserted as preformed parts in the press mold for use, but rather particularly wear-resistant sintered steel powder is introduced into the press mold in the area of the valve seat areas and then The mold is filled with the base material, pressed and the insert is then sintered.
Ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing.
In dieser zeigen die einzigeIn this show the only one
Fig. 1 die prinzipielle Darstellung eines Teilquerschnittes durch einen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gegossenen Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungsmotors mit Ladungswechselkanälen und einem Einsatz als teilweiser Bodenbereich.Fig. 1 shows the basic representation of a partial cross section through a cast from an aluminum alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with charge exchange channels and use as a partial floor area.
Ein Zylinderkopfrohling 1 mit Gaswechselkanälen 2, 3 und einem Kühlwassermantel 4 ist in dessen Bodenbereich mit einem Einsatz 5 versehen. Der Einsatz 5 besteht aus dispersionsgehärtetem Aluminium und ist direkt in den Zylinderkopf 1 eingegossen.A cylinder head blank 1 with gas exchange channels 2, 3 and a cooling water jacket 4 is provided with an insert 5 in the bottom area thereof. The insert 5 consists of dispersion-hardened aluminum and is cast directly into the cylinder head 1.
Dabei ist der Einsatz 5 ein Verbundkörper, welcher mit Hilfe eines pulvermetallurgischen Verfahrens hergestellt ist. Die Herstellung erfolgt dadurch, dass in eine Pressform für den Einsatz 5 vorgefertigte Ventilsitzbereiche 6, 7 in der Form von Sinterringen eingelegt werden. Der verbleibende Raum der Pressform zur Herstellung des Einsatzes wird sodann als Bereich A des Einsatzes 5 mit dem dispersionsgehärteten Aluminiumpulver aufgefüllt, der Einsatz gepresst und anschließend bei einer Temperatur von ca. 600 °C gesintert. In dieser Form wird der Einsatz 5 nach einer Oberflächenbehandlung durch beispielsweise Alfinieren in eine Gussform zur Herstellung des Zylinderkopfes 1 eingelegt und mit Aluminiumgusswerkstoff umgössen, wobei sich eine intermetallische Verbindung bildet. Der Einsatz 5 kann dabei entweder einzeln für jeden Zylinder oder als zusammenhängender Einsatz 5 für mehrere Zylinder in die Zylinderkopf-Gussform eingelegt werden.The insert 5 is a composite body which is produced with the aid of a powder metallurgical process. The manufacture takes place by inserting valve seat areas 6, 7 in the form of sintered rings into a press mold for the insert 5. The remaining space of the press mold for the production of the insert is then filled as area A of the insert 5 with the dispersion-hardened aluminum powder, the insert is pressed and then sintered at a temperature of approx. 600 ° C. In this form, the insert 5 is inserted into a casting mold for the production of the cylinder head 1 after a surface treatment by, for example, finishing, and cast with aluminum casting material, an intermetallic compound being formed. The insert 5 can be inserted into the cylinder head casting mold either individually for each cylinder or as a coherent insert 5 for several cylinders.
Bei einer Ausbildung des Zylinderkopfes 1 aus Gusseisen besteht der Einsatz 5 zweckmäßigerweise aus Sinterstahl. Die Herstellung dieses Sinterstahleinsa zes kann analog zu derjenigen bei dem vorstehend beschriebenen Einsatz aus Sinteraluminium erfolgen. When the cylinder head 1 is made of cast iron, the insert 5 expediently consists of sintered steel. The production of this sintered steel insert can be carried out analogously to that in the use of sintered aluminum described above.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10133757.4 | 2001-07-11 | ||
| DE2001133757 DE10133757A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2001-07-11 | Use as the base area of a cylinder head |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003006811A1 true WO2003006811A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
Family
ID=7691437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2002/002330 Ceased WO2003006811A1 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2002-06-26 | Insert, acting as the base area of a cylinder head |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10133757A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003006811A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10331631B3 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-05 | Ehw Thale Sintermetall Gmbh | Component used in a camshaft adjusting device comprises functional part of sintered aluminum and power transmission part of sintered steel |
| FR2943099A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-17 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Insert for cylinder head of engine of motor vehicle, has valve seat receiving valves of engine in closed position, and housing accommodating engine unit e.g. spark plug, where valve seat is flange with central axis |
| US7875075B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2011-01-25 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Hybrid intervertebral spinal fusion implant |
| US7942104B2 (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2011-05-17 | Nuvasive, Inc. | 3-dimensional embroidery structures via tension shaping |
| US7946236B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2011-05-24 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Using zigzags to create three-dimensional embroidered structures |
| EP2708213A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-19 | PAT&Co bvba | Multipurpose ethylene vinyl acetate fibrous drug delivery systems for long-term implantation or insertion |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3039858A1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-10 | Saint Jean Ind | CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ENGINE COMPRISING SAID CYLINDER HEAD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH CULASSE |
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| US3115127A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1963-12-24 | Charles O Spencer | Removable insert for internal combustion chambers |
| DE3100755A1 (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1982-09-02 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| US4763876A (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1988-08-16 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Valve seat insert and cylinder head with the valve seat insert |
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| IT1200699B (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1989-01-27 | Gilardoni Vittorio Spa | HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ALTERNATIVE ENGINES |
| JPH0650054B2 (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1994-06-29 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Insulation structure of sub-chamber and its manufacturing method |
| DE4124811C1 (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1992-08-06 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
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| DE19712624C2 (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1999-11-04 | Vaw Motor Gmbh | Aluminum matrix composite and process for its manufacture |
| FR2765629B1 (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2002-02-01 | Renault | DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE AND CONTROLLED IGNITION |
| DE19753407C2 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2000-08-03 | Invent Gmbh Entwicklung Neuer Technologien | Process and apparatus for converting heat into work |
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| FR2799795B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2002-01-25 | Jean Louis Rico | COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH THERMAL CONTAINMENT |
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2001
- 2001-07-11 DE DE2001133757 patent/DE10133757A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-06-26 WO PCT/DE2002/002330 patent/WO2003006811A1/en not_active Ceased
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3115127A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1963-12-24 | Charles O Spencer | Removable insert for internal combustion chambers |
| DE3100755A1 (en) | 1981-01-13 | 1982-09-02 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| US4763876A (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1988-08-16 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Valve seat insert and cylinder head with the valve seat insert |
| EP0332586A1 (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-13 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | A head of light material for internal combustion engines, with sintered steel inserts, and a method for its manufacture |
| DE3837254A1 (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Light alloy insert for the formation of an expansion joint in combustion chamber walls of internal combustion engines formed from cast light alloy, especially cylinder head bases of diesel internal combustion engines |
| EP0392988A1 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-10-17 | FIAT AUTO S.p.A. | Method of producing cylinder heads with flame plates for internal combustion engines |
| US5954038A (en) | 1997-09-02 | 1999-09-21 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Combustion face insert |
| DE19918002C1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Process for casting a light metal cylinder head used in engines uses two light metal alloys |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10331631B3 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-05 | Ehw Thale Sintermetall Gmbh | Component used in a camshaft adjusting device comprises functional part of sintered aluminum and power transmission part of sintered steel |
| US7875075B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2011-01-25 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Hybrid intervertebral spinal fusion implant |
| US7942104B2 (en) | 2007-01-22 | 2011-05-17 | Nuvasive, Inc. | 3-dimensional embroidery structures via tension shaping |
| US7946236B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2011-05-24 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Using zigzags to create three-dimensional embroidered structures |
| FR2943099A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-17 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Insert for cylinder head of engine of motor vehicle, has valve seat receiving valves of engine in closed position, and housing accommodating engine unit e.g. spark plug, where valve seat is flange with central axis |
| EP2708213A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-19 | PAT&Co bvba | Multipurpose ethylene vinyl acetate fibrous drug delivery systems for long-term implantation or insertion |
| WO2014041120A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-20 | Pat&Co Bvba | Multipurpose drug delivery systems for long-term implantation or insertion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10133757A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
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