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WO2003067720A2 - Dispositif laser comprenant un laser a cascade quantique - Google Patents

Dispositif laser comprenant un laser a cascade quantique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003067720A2
WO2003067720A2 PCT/EP2002/014017 EP0214017W WO03067720A2 WO 2003067720 A2 WO2003067720 A2 WO 2003067720A2 EP 0214017 W EP0214017 W EP 0214017W WO 03067720 A2 WO03067720 A2 WO 03067720A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
quantum cascade
pulse
laser device
cascade laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2002/014017
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2003067720A3 (fr
Inventor
Armin Lambrecht
Thomas Beyer
Marcus Braun
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of WO2003067720A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003067720A2/fr
Publication of WO2003067720A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003067720A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
    • H01S5/02375—Positioning of the laser chips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
    • H01S5/3401—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers
    • H01S5/3402—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having no PN junction, e.g. unipolar lasers, intersubband lasers, quantum cascade lasers intersubband lasers, e.g. transitions within the conduction or valence bands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/4805—Shape
    • H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
    • H01L2224/48091—Arched
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481—Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • H01S5/02208—Mountings; Housings characterised by the shape of the housings
    • H01S5/02212—Can-type, e.g. TO-CAN housings with emission along or parallel to symmetry axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
    • H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
    • H01S5/02253—Out-coupling of light using lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
    • H01S5/024—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S5/02407—Active cooling, e.g. the laser temperature is controlled by a thermo-electric cooler or water cooling
    • H01S5/02415—Active cooling, e.g. the laser temperature is controlled by a thermo-electric cooler or water cooling by using a thermo-electric cooler [TEC], e.g. Peltier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
    • H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
    • H01S5/0428—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor for applying pulses to the laser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/062—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
    • H01S5/06209—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes in single-section lasers
    • H01S5/06216—Pulse modulation or generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser device with a quantum cascade laser (QCL) according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for operating a quantum cascade laser according to the preamble of claim 18, a gas measuring device according to the preamble of claim 21, a lighting device according to the preamble of claim 25 and a method for detection of light according to the preamble of claim 29.
  • QCL quantum cascade laser
  • Such laser devices are used, for example, in infrared measurement technology or as an infrared light source.
  • Laser devices with a quantum cascade laser are generally known from the prior art.
  • the market for infrared optical gas measuring devices is currently predominantly non-dispersive devices.
  • Broadband thermal emitters are usually used as infrared light sources.
  • the radiation detection is preferably carried out using thermal detectors such as thermopiles, pyrodetectors or else using photoacoustic detection methods.
  • the NDIR method nondisperse IR absorption
  • the NDIR method generally requires spectral filtering of the radiation, which can be achieved with interference filters, with micromechanical Fabry-Perot resonators or with gas filters.
  • the low modulability of the thermal radiators has a limiting effect on the performance data of these measuring devices, so that in general it is only possible to modulate with frequencies in the 10 to 100 Hz range. Above all, the devices are limited by the physically predetermined, too low spectral power density of a Planck radiator.
  • thermal radiators Another disadvantage of thermal radiators is that their radiation can only be collimated with a considerable loss in performance, and measurements over long distances are therefore only possible with considerable effort.
  • Thermal light sources are generally also used in the more costly, dispersive devices, so that many of the aforementioned disadvantages remain.
  • Laser spectroscopic measurement methods are generally only used for special applications and for highly sensitive laboratory measurements. This is partly due to the high component prices and the highly sensitive and often maintenance-intensive measuring technology.
  • quantum cascade lasers which operate at room temperature as a pulsed laser source with high power density.
  • infrared light penetrates fog much better, so that a motor vehicle, ship or plane equipped with an infrared viewer and infrared headlights can also be controlled much more safely in fog than with the usual equipment.
  • Passive infrared sensors and infrared camera systems are now used in the automotive sector to avoid collisions with people and animals on the road. Security would be increased by additional infrared lighting.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a laser device of the type mentioned at the outset and a method for operating a quantum cascade laser in which the mean spectral power density is increased compared to previous devices and methods. Furthermore, a faster and more sensitive gas measuring device should be specified. In addition, a lighting device is said to the visibility in bad weather conditions, such as B. Fog increased.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention by a laser device with a quantum cascade laser with the features of claim 1.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for operating a quantum cascade laser with the features of claim 18.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a gas measuring device having the features of claim 21.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a lighting device having the features of claim 25.
  • a laser device with a quantum cascade laser and a pulse generator for pulsed operation of the quantum cascade laser is characterized in that the pulse generator enables the quantum cascade laser to be operated with pulse sequences from fast pulses in the range from 1 ns to 200 ns and pulse repetition frequencies in the range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz and a heat dissipation device which passively dissipates the heat is connected to the quantum cascade laser.
  • Such a laser device is inexpensive and has a compact design. Therefore, it can be installed in a gas measuring device or a lighting device.
  • Fabry-Perot lasers or ridge lasers without mode-selective structuring are preferably used as QCL.
  • the frequency is variable. In this way, the frequency can be selected according to the respective requirement.
  • the pulse height and / or pulse duration of an individual pulse and / or the pulse intervals of individual pulses can be varied in the course of the pulse packet and / or in different pulse packets. This enables a good adaptation to different work processes.
  • the quantum cascade laser can be located in a preferably standardized, standard housing with at least one wall section that is transparent to the laser radiation.
  • This wall section can be formed, for example, from a partially IR (infrared) transparent polymer (e.g. polyethylene). This results in a compact design and the laser device can also be easily installed in other devices, thereby reducing costs.
  • the housing with a gas such as. B. nitrogen or argon is filled and sealed. This protects the quantum cascade laser and the assembly technology (solder connections etc.), which can be sensitive to oxidizing gases.
  • a gas such as. B. nitrogen or argon
  • the wall section which is transparent to the laser radiation has a Fresnel lens.
  • This Fresnel lens can be formed, for example, by hot pressing from a plastic material (e.g. polyethylene).
  • the Fresnel lens is segmented, since it is then used for light scattering, e.g. B. in a headlight, is suitable. It can also be advantageous if the heat dissipation device is located in the housing, since this provides effective heat dissipation and a compact design.
  • the heat dissipation device is designed as a passive cooling device, since this reduces the costs
  • the radiation is coupled into an infrared optical fiber. This makes it possible to redirect the radiation.
  • the distance between the quantum cascade laser and the lens can be changed. This enables various lighting options to be implemented. This change in distance can be achieved, for example, by an electromagnetic device integrated in the housing, e.g. a pot coil or a piezo adjuster.
  • the quantum cascade laser is operated with pulse trains consisting of individual, very short pulses in the range from 1 ns to 200 ns.
  • the pulse trains are switched on and off with frequencies in the 1 Hz to 100 kHz range. This creates the effect of a broadband, incoherent LED-like light source.
  • a voltage supply with a DC / DC conversion is used to generate the pulse trains.
  • the power supply from a 12V or a 24V electrical system of a motor vehicle can be used.
  • a gas measuring device is characterized in that it has a laser device according to the invention.
  • a gas measuring device has a faster and more sensitive infrared measurement is possible than with conventional NDIR techniques.
  • the gas measuring device has an inexpensive thermal detector for detecting the radiation, e.g. B. thermopile, pyrode- detector, microbolometer or photoacoustic detector.
  • quantum cascade laser and the detection unit are fastened on a common substrate, since this reduces the space requirement and also the costs. For example, optical components can be saved as a result.
  • An illumination device has a laser device according to at least one of claims 1 to 17. With such a lighting device, good scene lighting is possible.
  • headlight can also be advantageous if parts of the headlight can be used for visible and infrared light. This saves components and further reduces costs.
  • a method for detecting light from an illumination device according to one of claims 25 to 28 is characterized in that an infrared receiver system is used for the detection. Further processing of the infrared light emitted by the lighting device is thereby possible.
  • the infrared receiver system has a thermal imaging device, since this shows an image of the area illuminated by the lighting device.
  • the infrared receiver system can also consist of discrete independent infrared sensors.
  • Figure 1 shows a quantum cascade laser in a housing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of an illumination device with a quantum cascade laser and a conventional illumination device
  • 5 shows a schematic representation of the laser device for short measuring distances and large detectors
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structure of a measuring system with a pulsed quantum cascade laser, a gas cuvette and a detector
  • Fig. 7 shows the pulse packets.
  • a laser device with a pulsed quantum cascade laser 7, as z. B. can be used in a gas measuring device 15 or an illumination device 16 is explained in more detail with reference to Figure 1.
  • the laser device is a quantum cascade laser LED 1 according to claim 1.
  • the laser device has a quantum cascade laser 7 which can be operated with pulse packets which are switched at frequencies in the range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. Since the quantum cascade laser 7 requires no special cooling, it can be via a heat dissipation device 8, for. B. a passive heat sink, by means of a fastening device 20 to a housing 4, which then z. B. is cooled by air cooling. The attachment takes place on the rear of the housing 23.
  • the quantum cascade laser 7, the heat dissipation device 8 and the fastening device 20 are located in the housing 4.
  • the housing 4 is usually a standardized, standard housing. Fabry-Perot lasers or ridge lasers without mode-selective structuring are preferably used as quantum cascade lasers.
  • the front of the housing 22 has a wall section 6 which is transparent to the laser radiation and which is arranged in a housing opening 18 on the radiation side.
  • the wall section 6 can, for. B. from a partially IR-permeable polymer, such as. B. polyethylene formed.
  • the housing 4 is, for example, with dry nitrogen 5 or another gas 5, z. B. argon, filled and sealed.
  • a lens 6, preferably a Fresnel lens 6, is inserted into the radiation-side housing opening 18 on the housing front side 22 for beam shaping.
  • a segmented design of the Fresnel lens 6 can be used to implement a “fan of light” as in vehicle headlights.
  • the Fresnel lens 6 can be formed, for example, by hot pressing from a plastic material, such as polyethylene.
  • a plurality of housing bushings 17 are attached to the rear of the housing 23.
  • a negative contact 21 is introduced into the housing 4 through the housing bushing 2 and connected to the quantum cascade laser 7.
  • a positive contact is introduced into the housing 4 through the housing bushing 3 via the heat dissipation device 8 and the holder 2.
  • further contacts, for. B. temperature sensor introduced into the housing or the gas 5 can be exchanged.
  • bushings 17 for an active heat dissipation device, such as. B. a Peltier cooler or for a distance control between quantum cascade laser 7 and the side facing the quantum cascade laser 7 19 of the Fresnel lenses, such as. B. a piezo actuator is provided.
  • the control of the quantum cascade laser LED 1 is shown in FIG.
  • pulse trains from individual pulses in the range from 1 ns to 200 ns are emitted by a pulse generator 9.
  • the fast pulse sequences are keyed in and out at a frequency in the 1 Hz to 100 kHz range, so that the quantum cascade laser LED 1 behaves like a current-modulated LED.
  • the tactile The ratio between the fast pulse sequences and the time-outs is chosen such that the quantum cascade laser 7 relaxes thermally again to the initial temperature value during the time-out.
  • circuit breaker 10 with which the forwarding of the pulse trains from the pulse generator 9 to the quantum cascade laser LED 1 can be switched on / off or controlled.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a headlamp 16 with a quantum cascade laser LED 1 and a conventional lighting device 33.
  • a headlight housing 34 there are a quantum cascade laser LED 1 and a further lighting device 33 that differs from the quantum cascade laser LED 1.
  • This can be, for example, a glow emission filament, a halogen lamp or a gas discharge lamp.
  • the two lighting devices 1 and 33 are mounted behind a common headlight cover 35.
  • the distance d of the quantum cascade laser 7 from the side 19 of the Fresnel lens 6 facing the quantum cascade laser can be selected to be smaller than the lens focal length, as a result of which a divergent beam 11 is generated.
  • headlamps may be a "light fan" as in vehicle 'can be realized.
  • parts of the headlamp 16 such as.
  • an unillustrated reflector or headlight cover 35 for both visible and infrared light can be used, such a headlight 16 can be produced easily and inexpensively.
  • an infrared receiver system can be used, for. B.
  • Infrared detectors 14 based on thermopiles, bolometers or pyrodetectors and a phase-synchronous detection method are also conceivable.
  • the infrared receiver system can also consist of discrete independent infrared sensors. With such a system z. B. in fog the visibility of a driver can be significantly improved. Such a system thus contributes significantly to increasing security.
  • the shape of the beam 11 can be changed by changing the distance d between the quantum cascade laser 7 and the side 19 of the lens 6 facing the quantum cascade laser.
  • the change in distance d can e.g. B. be made by changing the size of the heat dissipation device 8.
  • the change in the distance d can also be achieved, for example, by a piezo adjuster or an electromagnetic device (pot coil) integrated in the housing.
  • a quantum cascade laser LED 1 for measurements over large distances is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the beam 11 In order to be able to measure over large distances, the beam 11 must be collimated.
  • the distance d of the quantum cascade laser 7 from the Fresnel lens 6 is selected to be equal to the lens focal length.
  • FIG. 5 shows a quantum cascade laser 1 for direct imaging of the beam 11 on a large-area detector, not shown.
  • the beam 11 can be focused again directly on the focus 12 by the Fresnel lens 6 by the distance d of the quantum cascade laser 7 from the side 19 of the Fresnel lens facing the quantum cascade laser 6 is chosen larger than the focal length of the lens.
  • FIG. 6 shows the schematic structure of a gas measuring device 15 with a quantum cascade laser LED 1, a gas cuvette 13 and a detector 14.
  • the gas cuvette 13 has a gas cuvette housing 24, a side wall for light entry 25, through which the beam 11 emitted by the quantum cascade laser 7 can enter the gas cuvette interior 27 and a side wall for light exit 26 through which the Beam 11 can exit the gas cell interior 27 again.
  • the gas cuvette interior 27 is filled with gas.
  • the gas cell interior 27 can also be filled with a liquid.
  • the gas measuring device 15 can also be used as a liquid measuring device.
  • the detector 14 has a detector housing 28 and a sensor 29 which is attached to the rear of the detector 36 by means of a sensor holder 30.
  • the sensor 29 and the sensor holder 30 are located in the detector housing 28.
  • the detector housing 28 has a radiation entry opening 31 on the detector front side 37, through which the beam 11 can enter the detector 14.
  • housing bushings 32 are arranged through which z. B. lines, not shown, can be introduced into the detector housing 28.
  • the gas measuring device 15 has a thermal detector 14 for detecting the radiation 11.
  • Such detectors 14 are inexpensive and well suited for the detection of infrared light.
  • the quantum cascade laser 7 and the detector unit 14 are attached to a common substrate.
  • a compact design of the gas measuring device 15 can thereby be achieved and optical components can be saved.
  • the radiation 11 emanating from the quantum cascade laser 7 is coupled into an infrared optical fiber (not shown).
  • the radiation 11 of the quantum cascade laser 7 can be redirected and the arrangement of the gas cuvette 13 can be carried out according to the particular requirements of the measurement.
  • FIG. 7 shows the pulse packets 38 as a function of time.
  • the switching frequency 1 / time does not necessarily have to be constant.
  • a switching frequency for example 10 Hz.
  • the switching frequency can be increased, for a better one To ensure detection of moving objects or to achieve brighter lighting.
  • gas sensors too, it can be advantageous if the switching frequency is not constant. With a low gas concentration, a relatively low switching frequency can be sufficient. If the gas concentration suddenly rises above a certain threshold, the switching frequency can be increased in order to ensure a rapid detection of the increased gas concentration.
  • the pulse height of an individual pulse 39 shown in FIG. 7 need not remain constant, but can be varied in the course of the pulse packet 38 or also from pulse packet 38 to pulse packet 38. This also applies to the pulse duration and the spacing of individual pulses. This enables a good adaptation to different applications.
  • the laser drive signal e.g. Operating voltage on the laser (volt) or operating current (ampere), plotted on the ordinate.
  • quantum cascade laser LED 1 average spectral power densities of> 1mW / (mm 2 'sr ⁇ m) can be achieved. This is many times higher than with available IR LEDs, which are also only available in a wavelength range of 3 to 5 ⁇ m. This is also many times higher than can be achieved with thermal emitters.
  • gas measuring devices 15 can be realized with significantly better properties than before. This also applies to liquid measuring devices. Furthermore, the effort for the control and detection electronics compared to the laser spectroscopic measuring systems is reduced, so that there are significant cost advantages. This means that for the first time, laser-based systems can also compete in price with non-dispersive infrared measuring devices without giving up important advantages of laser measuring technology.
  • the quantum cascade laser LED 1 according to the invention can also be used for scene lighting in the infrared. Infrared light in the spectral range between 8 and 12 ⁇ m penetrates fog much better, so that a motor vehicle, ship or plane equipped with an infrared viewer and infrared headlights can also be controlled much more safely in fog than with the usual equipment.
  • the lighting device 16 according to the invention provides additional security compared to previous passive infrared sensors. Additional infrared lighting increases the detection reliability of people and animals on the road and reduces malfunctions. In stationary use, the function of infrared detectors, such as. B. of motion detectors, object protection can be improved by additional infrared lighting.
  • the quantum cascade laser LED 1 according to the invention is an ideal light source for the aforementioned applications. You can in existing lighting devices such. B. headlights 16, can be integrated and can be operated via the usual 12V / 24V vehicle electrical system. The spectral range is also adapted to the range of the natural emission of objects near room temperature (10 ⁇ m), so that the same detection systems can be used as for passive detection.
  • the strongly polarized beam 11 of a quantum cascade laser LED 1 can be blocked on the one hand in direct reflection by means of suitable polarization filters in front of the corresponding IR sensors.
  • the radiation is narrow-band, so that suitable filters can be used in front of broadband receivers.
  • the good modulability of the quantum cascade laser LED 1 down to the 100 kHz range enables phase-locked lock-in detection. Scattering and glare from another vehicle can thus be effectively suppressed.
  • a sensitive measurement method such as the Lockin method
  • the power can be modulated without problems via the operating current and is better than with thermal emitters.
  • the modulability is only limited by the heat balance of the quantum cascade laser 7.
  • a low duty cycle ⁇ 1% ie pulse sequence on / off duty cycle) can be used for scene analysis. So that the thermal load of the component is low, so that this is also in existing arrangements such.
  • B. a headlight 16 can be installed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif laser ainsi que des applications, comprenant un laser à cascade quantique et un générateur d'impulsions pour le fonctionnement pulsé du laser à cascade quantique. Le dispositif laser selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le laser à cascade quantique peut fonctionner, grâce au générateur d'impulsions, avec des paquets d'impulsions couplés à des fréquences comprises dans la plage de 1 Hz à 100 kHz et en ce qu'un dispositif d'évacuation de chaleur est relié au laser à cascade quantique. On peut utiliser des lasers Fabry-Pérot à faible coût comme lasers à cascade quantique. Grâce à un procédé de commande spécial, on peut obtenir une émission partiellement cohérente, de type diode électroluminescente.
PCT/EP2002/014017 2002-02-08 2002-12-10 Dispositif laser comprenant un laser a cascade quantique Ceased WO2003067720A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10205310.3 2002-02-08
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US7848382B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-12-07 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source that generates a plurality of alternative wavelength output beams
US7873094B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-01-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Compact Mid-IR laser
US7920608B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2011-04-05 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications
US8027094B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-09-27 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Lenses, optical sources, and their couplings
US8335413B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2012-12-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Optical switch
US8467430B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2013-06-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Continuous wavelength tunable laser source with optimum orientation of grating and gain medium
US8565275B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2013-10-22 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Multi-wavelength high output laser source assembly with precision output beam
US8718105B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2014-05-06 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source that generates a rapidly changing output beam
US8774244B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2014-07-08 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Thermal pointer
US9042688B2 (en) 2011-01-26 2015-05-26 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Multiple port, multiple state optical switch
US9225148B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-12-29 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source assembly with thermal control and mechanically stable mounting
US9625671B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2017-04-18 Lasermax, Inc. Laser module and system
US9859680B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2018-01-02 Lasermax, Inc. Shock resistant laser module
CN111766220A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-13 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 一种甲烷气体检测光电探测模组及检测装置

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US7873094B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-01-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Compact Mid-IR laser
US8027094B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-09-27 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Lenses, optical sources, and their couplings
US8050307B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-11-01 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Compact mid-IR laser
US7920608B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2011-04-05 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications
US8189630B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2012-05-29 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications
US8913637B1 (en) 2007-03-12 2014-12-16 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications
US8442081B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2013-05-14 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Quantum cascade laser suitable for portable applications
US7848382B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-12-07 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source that generates a plurality of alternative wavelength output beams
US8068521B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2011-11-29 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source that generates a plurality of alternative wavelength output beams
US8565275B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2013-10-22 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Multi-wavelength high output laser source assembly with precision output beam
US8774244B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2014-07-08 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Thermal pointer
US8718105B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2014-05-06 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source that generates a rapidly changing output beam
US8879875B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2014-11-04 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Optical switch
US8335413B2 (en) 2010-05-14 2012-12-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Optical switch
US8467430B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2013-06-18 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Continuous wavelength tunable laser source with optimum orientation of grating and gain medium
US9225148B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-12-29 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source assembly with thermal control and mechanically stable mounting
US10181693B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2019-01-15 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Laser source assembly with thermal control and mechanically stable mounting
US9042688B2 (en) 2011-01-26 2015-05-26 Daylight Solutions, Inc. Multiple port, multiple state optical switch
US9625671B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2017-04-18 Lasermax, Inc. Laser module and system
US11018476B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2021-05-25 Lmd Applied Science, Llc Laser module and system
US9859680B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2018-01-02 Lasermax, Inc. Shock resistant laser module
CN111766220A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-13 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 一种甲烷气体检测光电探测模组及检测装置

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DE10205310B4 (de) 2010-04-15
DE10205310A1 (de) 2003-09-18

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