WO2003066233A1 - Method and spray gun for arc spraying - Google Patents
Method and spray gun for arc spraying Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003066233A1 WO2003066233A1 PCT/DE2003/000205 DE0300205W WO03066233A1 WO 2003066233 A1 WO2003066233 A1 WO 2003066233A1 DE 0300205 W DE0300205 W DE 0300205W WO 03066233 A1 WO03066233 A1 WO 03066233A1
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- spray gun
- nozzle system
- burner
- spray
- workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a spray gun for arc spraying according to the preambles of claims 1 and
- wire or cored wire spray additives are melted in an electric arc and thrown onto the surface of the workpiece by an atomizing gas.
- the arc is generated between two wire ends by connecting the electrically conductive wires to a voltage source and contacting them to ignite the arc.
- Compressed air or another gas can be directed onto the arc as atomizing gas, so that a spray jet is formed which is directed onto the surface of the workpiece.
- a wire feed device ensures the supply of melted wire material.
- the workpiece surfaces including the sprayed layers are heat-treated in order to specifically influence the properties, such as the tensile adhesive strength, the hardness or the surface roughness, of thermally sprayed layers.
- the sprayed layers can be heated to temperatures in the melting range.
- Previously used methods for the thermal treatment of spray layers lead to inhomogeneous layers, especially if the layers consist of several components.
- the layer adhesion is based on mechanical clamping, which has no particular adhesive tensile strength.
- Induction heating device are used.
- the movements of the spray gun and additional heat source can only be coordinated with great effort.
- an additional torch in particular a plasma torch
- a sprayed layer can be post-treated by supplying heat.
- the flame of the burner is connected upstream, the material of the workpiece is heated up, so that the diffusion process between the spray layer and the workpiece material is promoted.
- the spray layers are homogenized using the method according to the invention. After the treatment, the connection between the workpiece material and the spray layer is based on a chemical bond, which is caused by diffusion processes between the spray layer and workpiece material is initiated. This improves the adhesive properties. Compared to the known methods, the expenditure for material, energy and costs is low.
- the productivity of a system in which an arc wire torch and an additional torch are coupled is high in comparison to separate thermal treatment processes.
- the spray layers produced by the process have a low porosity and a homogeneous layer structure. It is possible to produce homogeneous dispersions of alloys, which are particularly desirable for storage areas.
- the thermal treatment according to the method according to the invention dissolves oxide skins between the spray particles, so that the fatigue strength of a spray layer is improved. Furthermore, by controlling the thermal energy, phase segregation can be brought about in the sprayed layers. A pretreatment of a workpiece surface in the form of roughening, for example by means of corundum blasting, is not necessary, as a result of which the number of production steps in the production of a component can be reduced.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 diagrams for coating and for post-treatment of a workpiece surface.
- the arc wire spraying device shown in FIG. 1 consists of an L-shaped holder 1 for receiving a spray gun 2.
- the spray gun 2 is accommodated in bearings 4, 5 rotatably about an axis 3, the bearing outer rings 6, 7 being fastened to the holder 1.
- the spray gun 2 contains two supply rolls 8, 9 for spray wires 10, 11.
- the supply rolls 7, 8 are braked about their axes 12, 13 so as to be rotatable in the direction of the arrows 14, 15.
- the spray wires 10, 11 are guided to a nozzle head 16 which is attached to the lower end of the spray gun 2.
- the contact tubes 19, 20 end with which the spray wires 10, 11 are guided at an angle such that they meet at a contact point.
- the additional nozzle 18 has an outlet opening for a fuel gas oxygen flame.
- the outlet openings of the nozzles 17, 18 point in the same direction.
- a controllable wire feed device 21 is provided in the spray gun 2 for advancing the spray wires 10, 11 through the contact tubes 19, 20.
- Feed rollers 22-25 are used for the feed, which contact the spray wires 10, 11 and are driven in the arrow directions indicated.
- To drive the conveyor rollers 22-25 are coupled to motors, not shown, which are connected via lines 26, 27 and sliding contacts 28-31 with a fixed control.
- the spray wires 10, 11 are connected to a voltage source 38 via sliding contacts 32, 33, slip rings 34, 35 and further sliding contacts 36, 37.
- the connecting pieces 39, 40 are connected via rotary unions 41, 42 to channels 43, 44 which lead to the nozzles 18, 19.
- a belt drive consisting of a pulley 45, which is fastened to the jacket of the spray gun 2, a pulley 46, which is seated on a motor shaft 47 and a round belt 48, is provided.
- the motor 49 is fastened to the holder 1, its connections 50, 51 also being connected to said control.
- the holder with the spray gun 2 can be positioned in the vertical direction 54 at least over the bore depth or workpiece thickness d.
- the plasma flame 56 helically heats the surface of the bore 52 while immediately after heating the spray particles melted in the arc 55 are thrown onto the surface.
- a spray layer 58 forms on the surface. 2 shows the situation in a lead mode in which the spray gun 2 passes through the bore 52.
- the plasma flame 56 leaves the bore 52, it can be specifically switched off by interrupting the supply of burner gas.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant with a run-on mode.
- After-treatment of a previously sprayed-on spray layer 58 is carried out with the plasma flame 56.
- the spray gun 2 is moved so far through the bore 52 that both nozzles 17, 18 are outside the bore 52.
- the arc 55 and the plasma flame 56 are then ignited and the spray gun 2 is continuously moved upwards while it is rotating. Due to the preceding spray jet 57, the spray layer 58 is generated helically in a desired thickness.
- the travel speed in the vertical direction 54 can be chosen to be so low that the spray layer 58 can be applied in only one pass. With a spraying distance of 40 mm and with a 10 kW plasma flame 56, a feed of only 50 rns -1 is sufficient.
- the high residual stresses that arise in the spray layer 58 and these are normally unusable would be largely eliminated by the immediately following plasma heating process with the plasma flame 56. Because the plasma flame 56 immediately follows the spray jet 57, the post-heating energy, for. B. with a few kilowatts, can be kept relatively low, so that the spray gun 2 works efficiently. Analogously to the flow mode, the arc 55 and / or the supply of atomizing gas through the nozzle 17 can be switched off as soon as the spray jet 57 leaves the bore 52.
- the coupling between the arc wire torch and the plasma torch can be provided in a modified form.
- arc wire torches and / or plasma torches can be provided multiple times or with different directions of action.
- the nozzles 17, 18 can be specially designed to specifically influence the shape and direction of the spray jet 57 and the plasma flame 56.
- the method can be carried out with the aid of a computer-assisted control.
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren und Spritzpistole zum Lichtbogenspritzen Process and spray gun for arc spraying
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Spritzpistole zum Lichtbogenspritzen nach den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 undThe invention relates to a method and a spray gun for arc spraying according to the preambles of claims 1 and
2.Second
Beim Beschichten von Werkstücken mit dem Lichtbogenspritzverfahren werden Draht- oder Fülldraht- Spritzzusätze in einem elektrischen Lichtbogen geschmolzen und durch ein Zerstäubergas auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes geschleudert. Der Lichtbogen wird zwischen zwei Drahtenden erzeugt, indem die elektrisch leitenden Drähte mit einer Spannungsquelle verbunden werden und zum Zünden des Lichtbogens in Kontakt gebracht werden. Als Zerstäubergas kann Druckluft oder ein anderes Gas auf den Lichtbogen gerichtet werden, so dass sich ein Spritzstrahl ausbildet, der auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes gerichtet ist. Eine Drahtvorschubeinrichtung sorgt für den Nachschub von abgeschmolzenen Drahtmaterial. Um die Eigenschaften, wie die Haft-Zugfestigkeit, die Härte oder die Oberflächenrauheit, thermisch gespritzter Schichten gezielt beeinflussen, werden die Werkstückoberflächen einschließlich der gespritzten Schichten wärmebehandelt. Z.B. können zum Erreichen homogener Schichten und einer Diffusionsbindung zwischen Spritzschicht und Werkstoff des Werkstückes die gespritzten Schichten auf Temperaturen im Schmelzbereich erwärmt werden. Bisher angewandte Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Spritzschichten führen zu inhomogenen Schichten, insbesondere wenn die Schichten aus mehreren Komponenten bestehen. Die Schichthaftung beruht auf mechanischer Verklammerung, die keine besondere Haftzugfestigkeit aufweist. Bei Verwendung von Lasern zum thermischen Behandeln von Spritzschichten, wie z. B. beim Laserstrahlumschmelzen oder bei einem APS-Spritzprozeß mit Lasernachbehandlung, entstehen hohe Investitionskosten, wobei die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten gering sind.When coating workpieces with the arc spraying method, wire or cored wire spray additives are melted in an electric arc and thrown onto the surface of the workpiece by an atomizing gas. The arc is generated between two wire ends by connecting the electrically conductive wires to a voltage source and contacting them to ignite the arc. Compressed air or another gas can be directed onto the arc as atomizing gas, so that a spray jet is formed which is directed onto the surface of the workpiece. A wire feed device ensures the supply of melted wire material. The workpiece surfaces including the sprayed layers are heat-treated in order to specifically influence the properties, such as the tensile adhesive strength, the hardness or the surface roughness, of thermally sprayed layers. For example, to achieve homogeneous layers and a diffusion bond between the spray layer and the material of the workpiece, the sprayed layers can be heated to temperatures in the melting range. Previously used methods for the thermal treatment of spray layers lead to inhomogeneous layers, especially if the layers consist of several components. The layer adhesion is based on mechanical clamping, which has no particular adhesive tensile strength. When using lasers for the thermal treatment of Spray layers, such as B. in laser beam remelting or in an APS spraying process with laser aftertreatment, there are high investment costs, and the processing speeds are low.
In US5,954,112 ist ein Verfahren zum Fertigen von Werkstücken' mit großem Durchmesser beschrieben, bei dem Oberflächen durch thermisches Spritzen beschichtet werden, wobei eine separate Hilfswärmequelle dazu dient, den Oberflächenbereich vor oder nach dem Spritzbereich einer Spritzpistole auf eine Temperatur nahe dem Schmelzpunkt zu bringen. Als zusätzliche Wärmequelle kann ein Laser, eine Flamme oderIn US5,954,112, a method for fabricating workpieces' will be described with large diameter, are coated by thermal spraying on the surfaces, whereby a separate auxiliary heat source is used, the surface area before or bring a spray gun to a temperature near the melting point after the spray area , A laser, a flame or
Induktionserwärmungseinrichtung zum Einsatz kommen. Die Bewegungen von Spritzpistole und zusätzlicher Wärmequelle lassen sich nur mit einem hohen Aufwand koordinieren.Induction heating device are used. The movements of the spray gun and additional heat source can only be coordinated with great effort.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Spritzpistole für Lichtbogenspritzen zu entwickeln, die eine Verbesserung der Homogenität und der Schichthaftung ermöglichen.It is an object of the invention to develop a method and a spray gun for arc spraying which enable an improvement in the homogeneity and the layer adhesion.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren und einer Spritzpistole gelöst, welche die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 2 aufweisen.The object is achieved with a method and a spray gun which have the features of claims 1 and 2.
Dadurch, dass ein zusätzlicher Brenner, insbesondere ein Plasmabrenner, bewegungsmäßig direkt an einen Lichtbogendrahtbrenner gekoppelt wird, kann durch die Flamme des zusätzlichen Brenners eine Werkstückoberfläche großflächig vorerwärmt werden oder eine gespritzte Schicht kann durch Wärmezufuhr nachbehandelt werden. Beim Vorschalten der Flamme des Brenners wird das Material des Werkstückes aufgeheizt, so dass der Diffusionsprozeß zwischen Spritzschicht und Werkstückmaterial begünstigt wird. Mit der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Spritzschichten homogenisiert. Die Verbindung zwischen Werkstückmaterial und Spritzschicht beruht nach der Behandlung auf einer chemischen Bindung, die durch Diffusionsprozesse zwischen Spritzschicht und Werkstückmaterial initiiert wird. Damit verbessern sich die Hafteigenschaften. Im Vergleich zu den bekannten Verfahren sind die Aufwände für Material, Energie und Kosten gering. Die Produktivität einer Anlage, bei der ein Lichtbogendrahtbrenner und ein zusätzlicher Brenner gekoppelt sind, ist hoch im Vergleich zu separat ablaufenden thermischen Behandlungsprozessen.Because an additional torch, in particular a plasma torch, is coupled directly to an arc wire torch in terms of movement, a large surface of the workpiece can be preheated by the flame of the additional torch or a sprayed layer can be post-treated by supplying heat. When the flame of the burner is connected upstream, the material of the workpiece is heated up, so that the diffusion process between the spray layer and the workpiece material is promoted. The spray layers are homogenized using the method according to the invention. After the treatment, the connection between the workpiece material and the spray layer is based on a chemical bond, which is caused by diffusion processes between the spray layer and workpiece material is initiated. This improves the adhesive properties. Compared to the known methods, the expenditure for material, energy and costs is low. The productivity of a system in which an arc wire torch and an additional torch are coupled is high in comparison to separate thermal treatment processes.
Die nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Spritzschichten besitzen eine geringe Porosität und ein homogenes Schichtgefüge. Es ist möglich, homogene Dispersionen von Legierungen herzustellen, wie sie insbesondere bei Lagerflächen gewünscht werden. Durch die thermische Behandlung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden Oxidhäute zwischen den Spritzpartikeln aufgelöst, so dass die Dauerfestigkeit einer Spritzschicht verbessert wird. Weiterhin kann durch Steuern der thermischem Energie gezielt eine Phasenentmischung in den Spritzschichten herbeigeführt werden. Eine Vorbehandlung einer Werkstückoberfläche in Form von Aufrauhen, beispielsweise durch Korundstrahlen, ist nicht erforderlich, wodurch die Anzahl der Fertigungsschritte bei der Herstellung eines Bauteils verringert werden kann.The spray layers produced by the process have a low porosity and a homogeneous layer structure. It is possible to produce homogeneous dispersions of alloys, which are particularly desirable for storage areas. The thermal treatment according to the method according to the invention dissolves oxide skins between the spray particles, so that the fatigue strength of a spray layer is improved. Furthermore, by controlling the thermal energy, phase segregation can be brought about in the sprayed layers. A pretreatment of a workpiece surface in the form of roughening, for example by means of corundum blasting, is not necessary, as a result of which the number of production steps in the production of a component can be reduced.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles noch näher erläutert werden, es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment, in which:
Fig. 1: ein Schema einer Lichtbogendrahtspritzvorrichtung, und Fig. 2 und 3: Schemata zur Beschichtung und zur Nachbehandlung einer Werkstückoberfläche.1: a diagram of an arc wire spraying device, and FIGS. 2 and 3: diagrams for coating and for post-treatment of a workpiece surface.
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Lichtbogendrahtspritzvorrichtung besteht aus einer L-förmigen Halterung 1 zur Aufnahme einer Spritzpistole 2. Die Spritzpistole 2 ist um eine Achse 3 drehbar in Lagern 4, 5 aufgenommen, wobei die Lageraußenringe 6, 7 an der Halterung 1 befestigt sind. Die Spritzpistole 2 enthält zwei Vorratsrollen 8, 9 für Spritzdrähte 10, 11. Die Vorratsrollen 7, 8 sind gebremst um ihre Achsen 12, 13 drehbar in Richtung der Pfeile 14, 15 gelagert. Die Spritzdrähte 10, 11 sind zu einem Düsenkopf 16 geführt, der am unteren Ende der Spritzpistole 2 befestigt ist. Im Düsenkopf 16 sind zwei Düsen 17, 18 vorhanden. In der Spritzdüse 17 enden die Kontaktrohre 19, 20 mit denen die Spritzdrähte 10, 11 unter einem Winkel so geführt werden, dass sie in einem Kontaktpunkt zusammentreffen. Die Zusatzdüse 18 besitzt eine Austrittsöffnung für eine Brenngas-Sauerstoffflamme . Die Austrittsöffnungen der Düsen 17, 18 weisen in die gleiche Richtung. Zum Vorschub der Spritzdrähte 10,11 durch die Kontaktrohre 19, 20 ist in der Spritzpistole 2 eine steuerbare Drahtvorschubeinrichtung 21 vorgesehen. Zum Vorschub dienen u.a. Förderrollen 22-25, welche die Spritzdrähte 10, 11 kontaktieren und in den angegebenen Pfeilrichtungen angetrieben werden. Zum Antrieb sind die Förderollen 22-25 mit nicht weiter dargestellten Motoren gekoppelt, die über Leitungen 26, 27 und Schleifkontakten 28-31 mit einer ortsfesten Steuerung in Verbindung stehen. Die Spritzdrähte 10, 11 sind über Schleifkontakte 32, 33, Schleifringe 34, 35 und weitere Schleifkontakte 36, 37 mit einer Spannungsquelle 38 verbunden. An der Halterung 1 befinden sich weiterhin Anschlussstutzen 39, 40 für ein Zerstäubergas, wie z.B. Druckluft, und ein Brenngas, wie z.B. Acetylen, Propan oder Wasserstoff. Die Anschlussstutzen 39, 40 stehen über Drehdurchführungen 41, 42 mit Kanälen 43, 44 in Verbindung, welche zu den Düsen 18, 19 führen. Zum Rotationsantrieb der Spritzpistole 2 um die Achse 3 ist ein Riementrieb, bestehend aus einer Riemenscheibe 45, welche an dem Mantel der Spritzpistole 2 befestigt ist, einer Riemenscheibe 46, die auf einer Motorwelle 47 sitzt und einem Rundriemen 48, vorgesehen. Der Motor 49 ist an der Halterung 1 befestigt, wobei seine Anschlüsse 50, 51 ebenfalls mit besagter Steuerung in Verbindung stehen. Um die gesamte Oberfläche einer Bohrung 52 eines Werkstückes 53 erfassen zu können, ist die Halterung mit der Spritzpistole 2 in vertikaler Richtung 54 mindestens über die Bohrungstiefe bzw. Werkstückdicke d positionierbar.The arc wire spraying device shown in FIG. 1 consists of an L-shaped holder 1 for receiving a spray gun 2. The spray gun 2 is accommodated in bearings 4, 5 rotatably about an axis 3, the bearing outer rings 6, 7 being fastened to the holder 1. The spray gun 2 contains two supply rolls 8, 9 for spray wires 10, 11. The supply rolls 7, 8 are braked about their axes 12, 13 so as to be rotatable in the direction of the arrows 14, 15. The spray wires 10, 11 are guided to a nozzle head 16 which is attached to the lower end of the spray gun 2. There are two nozzles 17, 18 in the nozzle head 16. In the spray nozzle 17, the contact tubes 19, 20 end with which the spray wires 10, 11 are guided at an angle such that they meet at a contact point. The additional nozzle 18 has an outlet opening for a fuel gas oxygen flame. The outlet openings of the nozzles 17, 18 point in the same direction. A controllable wire feed device 21 is provided in the spray gun 2 for advancing the spray wires 10, 11 through the contact tubes 19, 20. Feed rollers 22-25 are used for the feed, which contact the spray wires 10, 11 and are driven in the arrow directions indicated. To drive the conveyor rollers 22-25 are coupled to motors, not shown, which are connected via lines 26, 27 and sliding contacts 28-31 with a fixed control. The spray wires 10, 11 are connected to a voltage source 38 via sliding contacts 32, 33, slip rings 34, 35 and further sliding contacts 36, 37. On the holder 1 there are also connecting pieces 39, 40 for an atomizing gas, such as compressed air, and a fuel gas, such as acetylene, propane or hydrogen. The connecting pieces 39, 40 are connected via rotary unions 41, 42 to channels 43, 44 which lead to the nozzles 18, 19. For the rotary drive of the spray gun 2 about the axis 3, a belt drive, consisting of a pulley 45, which is fastened to the jacket of the spray gun 2, a pulley 46, which is seated on a motor shaft 47 and a round belt 48, is provided. The motor 49 is fastened to the holder 1, its connections 50, 51 also being connected to said control. In order to be able to capture the entire surface of a bore 52 of a workpiece 53, the holder with the spray gun 2 can be positioned in the vertical direction 54 at least over the bore depth or workpiece thickness d.
Anhand der Figuren 2 und 3 soll die Durchführung des Verfahrens beschrieben werden. Durch den Vorschub der Spritzdrähte 10, 11 mittels der Drahtvorschubeinrichtung 21 kommen die Drahtenden im Bereich der Spritzdüse 17 in Kontakt, wobei ein Lichtbogen 55 entsteht, der dauerhaft brennt. Gleichzeitig wird das Brennergas an der Zusatzdüse 18 entzündet, so dass eine Plasma- Flamme 56 entsteht, die senkrecht zur Achse 3 aus der Düse 18 austritt. Mittels des Motors 49 wird die Spritzpistole 2 dauernd um ihre Achse 3 gedreht. Beim Absenken der Spritzpistole 2 in die Bohrung 52 des Werkstückes 53 in vertikaler Richtung 54 geht die Plasma-Flamme 56 dem Spritzstrahl 57 voraus. Die Plasma-Flamme 56 erwärmt schraubenförmig die Oberfläche der Bohrung 52 während unmittelbar nach dem Erwärmen die im Lichtbogen 55 erschmolzenen Spritzteilchen auf die Oberfläche geschleudert werden. Mit dem Absenken der Spritzpistole bildet sich auf der Oberfläche eine Spritzschicht 58 aus. In Fig. 2 ist die Situation in einem Vorlaufmodus gezeigt, bei der die Spritzpistole 2 durch die Bohrung 52 hindurchtritt. Wenn die Plasma-Flamme 56 die Bohrung 52 verlässt, kann diese gezielt abgeschalten werden, indem die Zufuhr von Brennergas unterbrochen wird.The implementation of the method is to be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. By advancing the spray wires 10, 11 By means of the wire feed device 21, the wire ends come into contact in the region of the spray nozzle 17, an arc 55 being formed which burns permanently. At the same time, the burner gas is ignited at the additional nozzle 18, so that a plasma flame 56 arises which emerges from the nozzle 18 perpendicular to the axis 3. The spray gun 2 is continuously rotated about its axis 3 by means of the motor 49. When the spray gun 2 is lowered into the bore 52 of the workpiece 53 in the vertical direction 54, the plasma flame 56 precedes the spray jet 57. The plasma flame 56 helically heats the surface of the bore 52 while immediately after heating the spray particles melted in the arc 55 are thrown onto the surface. When the spray gun is lowered, a spray layer 58 forms on the surface. 2 shows the situation in a lead mode in which the spray gun 2 passes through the bore 52. When the plasma flame 56 leaves the bore 52, it can be specifically switched off by interrupting the supply of burner gas.
In Fig. 3 ist eine Variante mit einem Nachlaufmodus gezeigt. Mit der Plasma-Flamme 56 wird eine Nachbehandlung einer zuvor aufgespritzten Spritzschicht 58 vorgenommen. Bei dieser Variante wird die Spritzpistole 2 so weit durch die Bohrung 52 gefahren, daß beide Düsen 17, 18 außerhalb der Bohrung 52 liegen. Anschließend werden der Lichtbogen 55 und die Plasma- Flamme 56 gezündet und die Spritzpistole 2, während diese rotiert, kontinuierlich nach oben gefahren. Durch den vorausgehenden Spritzstrahl 57 wird die Spritzschicht 58 schraubenförmig in einer gewünschten Dicke erzeugt. Die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit in vertikaler Richtung 54 kann so gering gewählt werden, dass die Spritzschicht 58 in nur einem Durchgang aufgebracht werden kann. Bei einem Spritzabstand von 40 mm und mit einer lOkW-Plasma-Flamme 56 reicht ein Vorschub von nur 50 rns-1. Die hohen Eigenspannungen, die sich in der Spritzschicht 58 ergeben, und diese im Normalfall unbrauchbar machen würden, werden durch den unmittelbar nachlaufenden Plasma-Erwärmungsprozeß mit der Plasma-Flamme 56 weitestgehend eliminiert. Dadurch, daß die Plasma-Flamme 56 dem Spritzstrahl 57 unmittelbar folgt, kann die Nachheizenergie, z. B. mit wenigen Kilowatt, relativ gering gehalten werden, so dass die Spritzpistole 2 effizient arbeitet. Analog dem Vorlaufmodus kann der Lichtbogen 55 und/oder die Zufuhr von Zerstäubergas durch die Düse 17 abgestellt werden, sobald der Spritzstrahl 57 die Bohrung 52 verlässt. Bei der thermischen Nachbehandlung der Spritzschicht 58 laufen intermetallische Diffusionsvorgänge zwischen der Spritzschicht 58 und der Oberfläche der Bohrung 52 ab, so dass eine homogene, gut haftende Spritzschicht 58 mit zu vernachlässigenden strukturellen Defekten, wie Poren oder Risse, entsteht.3 shows a variant with a run-on mode. After-treatment of a previously sprayed-on spray layer 58 is carried out with the plasma flame 56. In this variant, the spray gun 2 is moved so far through the bore 52 that both nozzles 17, 18 are outside the bore 52. The arc 55 and the plasma flame 56 are then ignited and the spray gun 2 is continuously moved upwards while it is rotating. Due to the preceding spray jet 57, the spray layer 58 is generated helically in a desired thickness. The travel speed in the vertical direction 54 can be chosen to be so low that the spray layer 58 can be applied in only one pass. With a spraying distance of 40 mm and with a 10 kW plasma flame 56, a feed of only 50 rns -1 is sufficient. The high residual stresses that arise in the spray layer 58 and these are normally unusable would be largely eliminated by the immediately following plasma heating process with the plasma flame 56. Because the plasma flame 56 immediately follows the spray jet 57, the post-heating energy, for. B. with a few kilowatts, can be kept relatively low, so that the spray gun 2 works efficiently. Analogously to the flow mode, the arc 55 and / or the supply of atomizing gas through the nozzle 17 can be switched off as soon as the spray jet 57 leaves the bore 52. During the thermal aftertreatment of the spray layer 58, intermetallic diffusion processes take place between the spray layer 58 and the surface of the bore 52, so that a homogeneous, highly adhesive spray layer 58 with negligible structural defects, such as pores or cracks, is produced.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel begrenzt. Ohne den Schutzbereich der Erfindung zu verlassen, kann die Kopplung zwischen dem Lichtbogendrahtbrenner und dem Plasmabrenner in abgewandelter Form vorgesehen werden. Z.B. können Lichtbogendrahtbrenner und/oder Plasmabrenner mehrfach oder mit verschiedenen Wirkungsrichtungen vorgesehen sein. Die Düsen 17, 18 können speziell dazu ausgebildet sein, die Form und Richtung des Spritzstrahles 57 und der Plasma-Flamme 56 gezielt zu beinflussen. Die Durchführung des Verfahrens kann mit Hilfe einer rechnerunterstützten Steuerung vorgenommen werden. The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the coupling between the arc wire torch and the plasma torch can be provided in a modified form. For example, arc wire torches and / or plasma torches can be provided multiple times or with different directions of action. The nozzles 17, 18 can be specially designed to specifically influence the shape and direction of the spray jet 57 and the plasma flame 56. The method can be carried out with the aid of a computer-assisted control.
Liste der verwendeten BezugszeichenList of the reference symbols used
1 Halterung1 bracket
2 Spritzpistole2 spray gun
3 Achse 4, 5 Lager3 axis 4, 5 bearings
6, 7 Lageraußenring6, 7 bearing outer ring
8, 9 Vorratsrolle8, 9 stock roll
10, 11 Spritzdraht10, 11 spray wire
12, 13 Achse12, 13 axis
14, 15 Pfeil14, 15 arrow
16 Düsenkopf16 nozzle head
17, 18 Düse17, 18 nozzle
19, 20 Kontaktrohr19, 20 contact tube
21 Drahtvorschubeinrichtung21 wire feed device
22-25 Förderrolle22-25 conveyor roller
26, 27 Leitung26, 27 line
28-33 Schleifkontakt28-33 sliding contact
34, 35 Schleifring34, 35 slip ring
36, 37 Schleifkontakt36, 37 sliding contact
38 Spannungsquelle38 voltage source
39, 40 Anschlußstutzen39, 40 connecting piece
41, 42 Drehdurchführung41, 42 rotary union
43, 44 Kanal43, 44 channel
45, 46 Riemenscheibe45, 46 pulley
47 Motorwelle47 motor shaft
48 Rundriemen 49 Motor48 round belts 49 engine
50, 51 Anschluß50, 51 connection
52 Bohrung52 hole
53 Werkstück53 workpiece
54 Richtung d Werkstückdicke54 direction d workpiece thickness
55 Lichtbogen55 arcs
56 Plasma-Flamme56 plasma flame
57 Spritzstrahl57 spray jet
58 Spritzschicht 58 spray coating
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10204252.7 | 2002-02-02 | ||
| DE2002104252 DE10204252A1 (en) | 2002-02-02 | 2002-02-02 | Method and gun for arc spraying |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003066233A1 true WO2003066233A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
Family
ID=27588274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2003/000205 Ceased WO2003066233A1 (en) | 2002-02-02 | 2003-01-27 | Method and spray gun for arc spraying |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10204252A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003066233A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008037514A1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-03 | Sulzer Metco Osu Gmbh | Rotating wire spraying device and a method for coating a surface of a workpiece |
| DE102008004607A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-05-28 | Daimler Ag | Electric arc wire burner, particularly inner burner, for electric arc wire spraying of workpieces, has gas supply for supplying gas flow in direction to electric arc, where gas supply has jet arrangement and gas channel |
| DE102009004201A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Daimler Ag | Process useful for wire arc spraying of workpieces, especially hollow bodies using wires made from different materials gives improved coating quality combined with shorter coating time |
| DE102008004602A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Arc wire burner |
| DE102008004601A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Arc wire burner, particularly internal burner, for arc wire spraying of workpieces, particularly for hollow bodies, has wire feeder for feeding melting electrode acting as wire in towards arc |
| DE102011114395A1 (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2013-03-28 | Daimler Ag | Device for thermal coating of internal walls of hollow objects e.g. cylinder bore of internal combustion engine, guides coating material with wires through lateral outlet opening with respect to burner head such that arc is ignited |
| CN119932461A (en) * | 2025-02-12 | 2025-05-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A high temperature alloy wire surface coating spraying device |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006023567A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Schaeffler Kg | Rolling bearing component and method for producing such |
| DE102006023690A1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Schaeffler Kg | Method for producing a rolling bearing component and rolling bearing component |
| DE102007019509C5 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-02-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for coating the inner wall of a hollow body |
| DE102015104492B4 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2024-05-08 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Coating device for coating a workpiece surface of a workpiece |
| FR3126912B1 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2024-01-12 | Airbus Operations Sas | Deposit head of a three-dimensional printing machine configured to deposit several wires simultaneously and three-dimensional printing machine comprising said deposit head |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE345653C (en) * | 1919-11-25 | 1922-03-27 | Nicolaus Meurer | Device for executing cover layers made of enamel, glass, quartz, hard metal and the like, which are produced by means of spraying onto heat-resistant workpieces and are connected to the latter by welding. like |
| DE811899C (en) * | 1949-06-05 | 1951-08-23 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Device for spraying metallic and non-metallic materials |
| US5343926A (en) * | 1991-01-02 | 1994-09-06 | Olin Corporation | Metal spray forming using multiple nozzles |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3902736A1 (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-02 | Spraytec Oberflaechentech | ARC SPRAYING SYSTEM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE SPRAYING OF SOLID AND FILLED WIRE |
| US5954112A (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 1999-09-21 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Manufacturing of large diameter spray formed components using supplemental heating |
-
2002
- 2002-02-02 DE DE2002104252 patent/DE10204252A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-01-27 WO PCT/DE2003/000205 patent/WO2003066233A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE345653C (en) * | 1919-11-25 | 1922-03-27 | Nicolaus Meurer | Device for executing cover layers made of enamel, glass, quartz, hard metal and the like, which are produced by means of spraying onto heat-resistant workpieces and are connected to the latter by welding. like |
| DE811899C (en) * | 1949-06-05 | 1951-08-23 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Device for spraying metallic and non-metallic materials |
| US5343926A (en) * | 1991-01-02 | 1994-09-06 | Olin Corporation | Metal spray forming using multiple nozzles |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008037514A1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-03 | Sulzer Metco Osu Gmbh | Rotating wire spraying device and a method for coating a surface of a workpiece |
| DE102008004607A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-05-28 | Daimler Ag | Electric arc wire burner, particularly inner burner, for electric arc wire spraying of workpieces, has gas supply for supplying gas flow in direction to electric arc, where gas supply has jet arrangement and gas channel |
| DE102009004201A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Daimler Ag | Process useful for wire arc spraying of workpieces, especially hollow bodies using wires made from different materials gives improved coating quality combined with shorter coating time |
| DE102008004602A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Arc wire burner |
| DE102008004601A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Arc wire burner, particularly internal burner, for arc wire spraying of workpieces, particularly for hollow bodies, has wire feeder for feeding melting electrode acting as wire in towards arc |
| DE102008004602B4 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2022-01-05 | Daimler Ag | Indoor wire arc torch |
| DE102011114395A1 (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2013-03-28 | Daimler Ag | Device for thermal coating of internal walls of hollow objects e.g. cylinder bore of internal combustion engine, guides coating material with wires through lateral outlet opening with respect to burner head such that arc is ignited |
| CN119932461A (en) * | 2025-02-12 | 2025-05-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A high temperature alloy wire surface coating spraying device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10204252A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
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