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WO2003061043A1 - Pile a combustible - Google Patents

Pile a combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003061043A1
WO2003061043A1 PCT/JP2002/011008 JP0211008W WO03061043A1 WO 2003061043 A1 WO2003061043 A1 WO 2003061043A1 JP 0211008 W JP0211008 W JP 0211008W WO 03061043 A1 WO03061043 A1 WO 03061043A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
separator
contact angle
electrode structure
water
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2002/011008
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Teruyuki Ohtani
Makoto Tsuji
Masao Utsunomiya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority to US10/494,668 priority Critical patent/US20050014053A1/en
Priority to DE10297620T priority patent/DE10297620B4/de
Priority to CA002462189A priority patent/CA2462189A1/fr
Publication of WO2003061043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003061043A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell or the like, and more particularly, to an improvement in a separator that comes into contact with an electrode structure.
  • a polymer electrolyte fuel cell consists of a flat electrode structure (MEA: Membrane Electrode Assembly) on one side, and a stack of separators on both sides. They are stacked to form a fuel cell stack.
  • the electrode structure has a three-layer structure in which an electrolyte membrane made of ion exchange resin or the like is interposed between a pair of gas diffusion electrodes constituting a positive electrode (force source) and a negative electrode (anode).
  • the gas diffusion electrode has a gas diffusion layer formed outside the electrode catalyst layer in contact with the electrolyte membrane.
  • the separator is laminated so as to be in contact with the gas diffusion electrode of the electrode structure, and a gas flow path and a refrigerant flow path for flowing gas between the gas diffusion electrode and the gas diffusion electrode are formed.
  • a fuel cell for example, hydrogen gas, which is a fuel, flows through the gas flow path facing the gas diffusion electrode on the negative electrode side, and oxygen or air flows through the gas flow path facing the gas diffusion electrode on the positive electrode side.
  • hydrogen gas which is a fuel
  • oxygen or air flows through the gas flow path facing the gas diffusion electrode on the positive electrode side.
  • the separator must have a function of supplying electrons generated by the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen gas on the negative electrode side to an external circuit, while supplying electrons from the external circuit to the positive electrode side. Therefore, conductive materials made of graphite-based materials and metal-based materials are used for separation. Graphite separators are manufactured by molding or cutting graphite, and metal separators are manufactured by pressing thin plates such as stainless steel plates. In any case, for example, the cross-section is formed into an uneven shape, and the grooves formed on the front and back surfaces constitute the gas flow path ⁇ the refrigerant flow path. Therefore, in the separation, the surface of the formed protrusion is brought into contact with the electrode structure (strictly speaking, the gas diffusion layer of the gas diffusion electrode).
  • water reacts with hydrogen ions to generate water in the gas flow path on the electrode side (in the above, the positive electrode side) through which the oxidizing gas flows.
  • This water is generated at the interface between the convex part of the separator and the diffusion electrode of the electrode structure, but if this water stays in the gas flow path, it causes an increase in diffusion overvoltage, and particularly when high current density power generation occurs.
  • the power generation performance will be reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that good drainage is ensured in the gas flow path.
  • the drainage of the gas flow path can be enhanced, for example, by finishing the surface of the separator to a mirror surface and imparting water repellency.
  • the angle of the corner that is, the contact angle between the protrusion of the separator and the electrode structure is about 90 °, and the contact angle of water with the surface of the separator is smaller than this angle. And water easily stayed or penetrated into the corners. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing water from remaining or forming at the corner formed between the convex portion of the separator and the electrode structure that are in contact with each other.
  • the purpose is to provide a fuel cell with a configuration that prevents intrusion, which enhances the drainage of the gas flow path and consequently improves the power generation performance.
  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell comprising a laminate in which an electrode structure is sandwiched between separators, wherein the separator has a convex portion in contact with the electrode structure, and a contact angle between the convex portion and the electrode structure is reduced.
  • the separation angle is set to be smaller than the contact angle of water to the surface.
  • the present invention assumes that a wedge-shaped gap is formed by a certain material, and that water drops penetrate into the gap when the angle of the gap is smaller than the contact angle of water with the material. It is based on the principle that it is impossible to penetrate.
  • the contact angle between the convex portion of the separator and the electrode structure, which are in contact with each other, that is, the angle of the corner formed between the two (corresponding to the above-described gap) is determined with respect to the surface of the separator. It is smaller than the contact angle of water, so water cannot penetrate deep into its corners.
  • water is generated at the interface between the convex portion of the separator and the electrode structure, that is, the innermost corner, so that the water is quickly and forcibly forced from the interface. You will be withdrawn.
  • the newly generated water continuously merges with the water and gradually increases in volume, so that the water is pushed out from the corners and eventually drained from the corners.
  • FIG. 1A schematically illustrates the principle of the present invention.
  • the tip of the convex portion 21 of the separator 20A contacting the electrode structure 10 has a corner notched. Accordingly, the contact angle between the protrusion 21 and the electrode structure 10 is set to be smaller than the contact angle of water W with respect to the surface of the separator 2OA.
  • the water W generated at the interface between the electrode structure 10 and the separator 2 OA is drained from the corner 30 as it grows in the corner 30 formed between the two.
  • FIG. 1B shows the projection 21 and the electrode structure 10 of the separator 20B to which the present invention is not applied, and the water W stays at the corner.
  • FIG. 2 shows the concept of the contact angle between the projection of the separator and the electrode structure in the present invention.
  • the projection 21 of the separator 2 OA is moved by the assembling pressure to the electrode structure 10 A.
  • the diffusion electrode is slightly buried in 1 OA. Therefore, the contact angle 0 of the protrusion 21 to the electrode structure 10 in this state is the intersection angle between the surface of the diffusion electrode 1 OA and the tangent of the angle R of the protrusion 21 intersecting the surface. .
  • the contact angle 0 can be obtained by the following equation.
  • the contact angle between the convex portion of the separator and the electrode structure is appropriately set according to the contact angle of water on the separator surface, but from the viewpoint of ensuring the above effects, the contact angle is 30 °. Is particularly effective.
  • the separator of the present invention is made of metal such as a stainless steel plate, and is suitable for a separator in which conductive inclusions protrude from the surface.
  • conductive inclusions protrude from the surface in order to reduce the contact resistance as described above. Therefore, the surface is relatively rough and the contact angle of water is small.
  • the contact angle between the projections and the electrode structure smaller than the contact angle of water with the surface, it is possible to achieve both a reduction in contact resistance and good drainage, resulting in a large power generation performance. Wide improvement is achieved.
  • a stainless steel plate having the following components is preferable. That is, C: 0.15 wt% or less, Si: 0.01 to: L. 5 wt%, Mn: 0.01 to 2.5 wt%, P: 0.035 wt% or less, S: 0.01 wt% or less, A1: 0.001 to 0.2 wt%, N: 0.3 wt% or less, Cu: 0 to 3 wt%, Ni: 7 to 50 wt%, Cr: 17 to 30 wt%, Mo: 0 to 7 wt%, the balance being Fe, B and unavoidable impurities, and Cr, Mo and B satisfy the following formula.
  • B precipitates on the surface as M 2 B and MB type borides and M 23 (C, B) 6 type borides, and these borides are deposited on the surface of the separator. It is a conductive inclusion that forms a path.
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram schematically illustrating the principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 1B is a diagram schematically illustrating a conventional problem.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the surface roughness of the separator manufactured in the example and the contact angle of the projection. It is a graph shown.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle of the convex portion and the generated voltage at each separation in Group A of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle of the convex portion and the generated voltage at each separation in Group B of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle of the convex portion and the generated voltage at each separation in Group C of the example.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle of the convex portion and the generated voltage at each separation in Group D of the example.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the current density and the terminal voltage of a fuel cell unit using the separators having a contact angle of 30 ° and 90 ° of the protrusions of the group C separators of the embodiment. .
  • 0.2mm thick austenitic stainless steel sheet having the components shown in Table 1 is press-formed and has 10 contact angles (15 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 ° , 45 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, 90)).
  • the separator plate is 92 mm ⁇ 92 mm square and has a current collector having a concave and convex cross section at the center, and a plurality of protrusions of the current collector contact the electrode structure.
  • B is, M 2 B and MB type borides, M 23 (C, B) and SQLDESC_BASE_TABLE_NAME This precipitated metal structure as the 6-inch boride, these borides Are conductive inclusions that form conductive paths.
  • the first surface modification method is sand blasting using alumina particles having an average particle size of 50 as abrasive grains, and the abrasive grains are sprayed onto both surfaces of the separator plate at a pressure of 2 kgZcm2.
  • spraying time For 20 seconds.
  • the contact angle of water to the surface of Separe was measured to be 63 °.
  • the second surface modification method is sandplast using alumina particles with an average particle diameter of 180 // m as abrasive grains, and the abrasive grains are sprayed on both sides at a pressure of 2 kgZcm2 for 20 seconds per side.
  • the contact angle of water to the surface of this separation was measured to be 49 °.
  • Group C Third surface modification method (water contact angle: 32 °)
  • the third surface modification method is a sandplast using alumina particles having an average particle diameter of 600 im as abrasive particles, and the abrasive particles were sprayed onto both surfaces at a pressure of 2 kgZcm 2 for 20 seconds per one surface.
  • the contact angle of water to the surface of this separation was measured, it was 32 °.
  • the surface roughness (Ra) and the contact angle of water on the surface were examined for the separations of Groups A to D above.
  • the surface roughness is measured using a stylus-type surface roughness measurement device (MI TUTOYO)
  • Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the surface roughness (Ra) of the separations of groups A to D and the contact angle of water on the surface of these separations.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are graphs summarizing the relationship between the contact angle of the convex portion and the generated voltage for each group.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une pile à combustible comportant un laminé dans lequel une structure d'électrode est pris en sandwich par les séparateurs, le séparateur (20A) présente une saillie (21) en contact avec la structure d'électrode (10), l'angle de contact entre ladite saillie (21) et la structure d'électrode (10) étant inférieur à l'angle de contact de l'eau avec la surface du séparateur (20A). Indépendamment de la caractéristique de la surface du séparateur, une portion d'angle formée entre la saillie du séparateur et la structure d'électrode qui se trouvent en contact est constituée de telle sorte que l'eau peut difficilement s'y loger ou pénétrer. Ainsi, on améliore la capacité de drainage d'un canal de gaz en vue d'améliorer la performance de génération d'énergie.
PCT/JP2002/011008 2001-12-27 2002-10-23 Pile a combustible Ceased WO2003061043A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/494,668 US20050014053A1 (en) 2001-12-27 2002-10-23 Fuel cell
DE10297620T DE10297620B4 (de) 2001-12-27 2002-10-23 Brennstoffzelle
CA002462189A CA2462189A1 (fr) 2001-12-27 2002-10-23 Pile a combustible possedant une meilleure capacite de drainage de l'eau

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001-396183 2001-12-27
JP2001396183A JP4068344B2 (ja) 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 燃料電池およびその製造方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003061043A1 true WO2003061043A1 (fr) 2003-07-24

Family

ID=19189068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2002/011008 Ceased WO2003061043A1 (fr) 2001-12-27 2002-10-23 Pile a combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4068344B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2462189A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10297620B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003061043A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5109234B2 (ja) * 2004-03-18 2012-12-26 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 固体高分子型燃料電池セパレータ用金属材料，それを用いた燃料電池用セパレータ，その燃料電池および固体高分子型燃料電池セパレータ用金属材料の表面粗さ調整処理方法
US20060216571A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Gayatri Vyas Metal oxide based hydrophilic coatings for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates
JP5593604B2 (ja) * 2008-11-05 2014-09-24 日産自動車株式会社 膜電極接合体、セパレータ及び燃料電池
JP6773628B2 (ja) * 2017-11-01 2020-10-21 森村Ｓｏｆｃテクノロジー株式会社 電気化学反応単位および電気化学反応セルスタック

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56138876A (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-29 Toshiba Corp Fuel cell
JPH0696777A (ja) * 1992-09-16 1994-04-08 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH0696781A (ja) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-08 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH09161827A (ja) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-20 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH10172585A (ja) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-26 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP2001032056A (ja) * 1999-07-22 2001-02-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 通電部品用ステンレス鋼および固体高分子型燃料電池
JP2001214286A (ja) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-07 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 通電部品用ステンレス鋼材の製造方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56138876A (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-29 Toshiba Corp Fuel cell
JPH0696781A (ja) * 1992-09-11 1994-04-08 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH0696777A (ja) * 1992-09-16 1994-04-08 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH09161827A (ja) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-20 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池
JPH10172585A (ja) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-26 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP2001032056A (ja) * 1999-07-22 2001-02-06 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 通電部品用ステンレス鋼および固体高分子型燃料電池
JP2001214286A (ja) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-07 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 通電部品用ステンレス鋼材の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10297620T5 (de) 2005-02-10
DE10297620B4 (de) 2012-06-21
CA2462189A1 (fr) 2003-07-24
JP4068344B2 (ja) 2008-03-26
JP2003197213A (ja) 2003-07-11

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