WO2003060267A1 - Hinged door arrester for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hinged door arrester, especially for vehicle doors. Said hinged door arrester is comprised of two hinge parts (2, 4) which are connected by a hinge pin (6) in a manner that permits them to pivot about a rotational axis (8) and a retainer (10) for mutually arresting the hinge parts (2, 4) in different relative rotational positions. The retainer (10) is comprised of at least two retainer elements (12, 14), each linked with one hinge part (2, 4) and engaging with the retainer elements (12, 14). A relative pivoting movement of the hinge parts (2, 4) displaces the one retainer element (14) in a direction of engagement (26) relative to the other retainer element (12). A dampening device (30) dampens the engagement movements of the mobile retainer element (14) in such a manner that the mobile retainer element (14) is moved away from the other retainer element (12) by a beginning relative pivoting movement and substantially remains in this position during a dynamic pivoting movement. Once the pivoting movement is completed, the retainer element (14) is returned towards the other retainer element (12) in a dampened manner.

Description

 Hinge door holder for motor vehicles "

The present invention relates to a hinge door holder, in particular for vehicle doors, consisting of two hinge parts pivotably connected by means of a hinge pin about an axis of rotation and a holding device for mutually locking the hinge parts in different relative positions, the holding device consisting of two each connected to one of the hinge parts in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular in Interacting interacting holding elements exists, wherein one holding element is moved in an engagement direction relative to the other, in particular axially fixed holding element by relative pivoting movements.

Such a hinge door holder or a "door arrester structurally combined with a door hinge" is known for example from DE 197 27 098 A1. In this case, locking elements of a locking device coaxial with the axis of rotation act via rolling elements, specifically via. radial axis, tapered rollers rotatably mounted, together. The locking element supporting the tapered rollers is acted upon directly by a helical spring acting as an energy store. The tapered rollers interact with locking marks of the other, axially fixed locking element in such a way that a mutual locking locking or locking of the hinge parts is only possible in a few special preferred positions.

DE-GM 89 04 337 also describes a hinge for a motor vehicle door, which in one embodiment (FIG. 1) is equipped with an integrated, axially acting ball catch.

The present invention has for its object to provide a hinge door holder of the known type, which ensures a stepless or at least "quasi-stepless" locking with structurally simple and inexpensive means, wherein between two locked relative positions a largely free, easy pivoting mobility should be possible.

According to the invention, this is achieved by a damping device for damping the movement of the engagement movements of the movable holding element. The holding device is preferably designed in such a way that as many locking positions as possible are present across the swivel angle range.

It is achieved by the invention that the movable holding element is moved in the engagement direction _j, in particular axially — optionally against an energy store — by a beginning relative pivoting movement, with the damping device subsequently damping the holding element in such a way that it remains essentially disengaged during a dynamic pivoting movement and only after the end of the swiveling movement damped or delayed with the other holding element again causes a detent. As a result, dynamic swivel movements are almost free, ie practically without z. B. Forces generated by detent possible. The hinge door holder according to the invention works "quasi-continuously" due to a large detent division.

Further advantageous design features of the invention are contained in the subclaims and the following description.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show:

1 is a partial axial section of a hinge door holder according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a separate representation as a side view of a

Damping device in an advantageous development,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the damping device in the direction of arrow III according to

Fig. 2,

4 shows an enlarged section in the plane IV-IV according to FIG. 3, Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the

Damping device according to Fig. 2 to 4,

6 shows a partial axial section (section plane VI - VI in FIG. 7) of a hinge door holder according to the invention in a preferred embodiment,

7 shows a cross section in the plane VII - VII according to FIG. 6,

8 a partially cut open (in the area of the holding device)

Perspective view of a further embodiment of the hinge door holder according to the invention,

9 is a separate representation of an individual part of the holding device in an advantageous embodiment,

10 is an enlarged detail of FIG. 9,

11 a-c sectional views of the holding device according to FIG. 9 in different engagement states,

Fig. 12 u. 13 representations analogous to FIG. 9 in alternative versions,

14 shows a section in the plane XIV-XIV according to FIG. 13 and

15 a-c sectional views XV - XV according to FIG. 12 in different engagement states (similar to FIG. 11).

1, a hinge door holder according to the invention consists of a first hinge part 2 and a second hinge part 4, these two hinge parts 2, 4 being pivotally connected about an axis of rotation 8 by means of a hinge pin 6. In the example shown, the hinge pin 6 is non-rotatably connected to the first hinge part 2, while the second hinge part 4 is rotatably guided on the hinge pin 6. The hinge parts 2, 4 can be connected on the one hand to a vehicle frame and on the other hand to a vehicle door, the assignment being basically arbitrary. The hinge door holder further has a holding device 10 for mutually locking the hinge parts 2, 4 in different relative rotational positions. In this embodiment, the holding device 10 consists of two holding elements 12 and 14 interacting in the axial direction. In the example shown, the holding elements 12, 14 interact axially directly with sliding friction, wherein they are preferably designed in the manner of a non-positive slip clutch. This means that the two in particular rotationally symmetrical holding elements 12, 14 z. B. axially interact with sliding friction via spur toothing 16 or the like. These spur gears 16 have the largest possible division of the circumference in order to ensure as many engagement positions as possible over the swivel angle range in view of the desired “quasi-steplessness”.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the holding device 10 is arranged coaxially to the hinge axis of rotation 8, the holding elements 12, 14 being seated directly on the hinge pin 6.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 6 to 8, the holding device 10 is laterally offset with respect to the hinge pin 6. The holding elements 12, 14 are seated on a bearing axis 18 parallel to the hinge pin 6, so that at least one of the holding elements 12, 14 relative to the other around one defined by the bearing axis 18 relative to the other by relative pivoting movements of the hinge parts 2, 4 via drive means 20 Hinge axis of rotation 8 parallel axis of rotation 22 is driven in rotation.

In all cases, pivoting the second hinge part 4 relative to the first hinge part 2 rotates the second holding element 14 relative to the first holding element 12 (cf. double arrow 24). Via the spur gears 16, this leads to the second holding element 14 being moved in an oscillating manner in the axial direction of engagement (double arrow 26). This movement can (but does not have to) take place against the force F of an energy store 28. The force F is intended to hold the spur gears 16 in engagement.

6 to 8, the bearing axis 18 is connected to the first hinge part 2 in such a way that it runs on a circular path around the hinge Axis of rotation 8 - compare in particular FIG. 7 and the double arrow 29 shown there - is movable relative to the second hinge part 4. With these. Movements act as drive means 20 for the holding device 10, a gear wheel 30 seated on the bearing axis 18 with an internal toothing 32 which is connected to the second hinge part 4 and is curved coaxially in the form of a circular arc to the hinge axis of rotation 8. 6, the second hinge part 4 is designed like a housing, the holding device 10 being movably accommodated within this housing. The internal toothing 32 is arranged in the region of a wall 34 opposite the hinge pin 6. 7, the housing-like hinge part 4 has an approximately quarter-circular or circular sector-shaped cross section. The bearing axis 18 is guided via a guide part 36 which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the first hinge part 2 or to the hinge pin 6 and is therefore pivotable about the axis of rotation 8 relative to the second hinge part 4. 6, this guide part 36 has an approximately cylindrical or tubular holding section 38, which is seated on the hinge pin 6, and two guide webs 40, which extend radially therefrom and are spaced apart from one another in parallel. The end of the bearing axis 18 is seated in coaxial bearing openings of the guide webs 40. The gearwheel 30 is preferably seated in a rotationally fixed manner on the bearing axis 18, the bearing axis 18 being rotatably mounted in the bearing openings of the guide webs 40 about its axis of rotation 22. Furthermore, it is provided here that the one holding element 14, which is moved axially against the energy accumulator 28 by the relative hinge pivoting movements, is seated in a rotationally fixed but longitudinally movable manner on the bearing axis 18, while the other holding element 12 is connected to the guide part 36 in a rotationally fixed and in particular in the axial direction is. According to FIG. 6, an axial connecting pin 42 is arranged between the guide web 40 and the holding element 12 seated thereon to prevent rotation.

This preferred embodiment advantageously ensures that the gearwheel 30 can be designed with a number of teeth which is relatively small relative to the number of teeth of the internal toothing 32, which is based on the entire 360 ° circumference. This allows a very favorable gear ratio (> 1: 1) of the drive means 20 z. B. in the range of 2: 1 to 4: 1 can be achieved. Accordingly, only up to V2 occurs in the toothing area. the force F in the holding elements. In addition, based on the transmission ratio based on the maximum swivel angle range of the hinge parts 2, 4 of, for example, approximately 70 degrees, correspondingly more locking positions can be guaranteed, that is to say at least 8 up to 16 engagement positions. The hinge door holder according to the invention thus works “quasi-continuously”.

According to the invention, an additional damping device 50 is now provided for damping the movement of the holding element 14 which is movable axially in the engagement direction - in the preferred embodiments axially. This damping device 50 is arranged (axially) between the (axially) movable holding element 14 and the preferably available energy accumulator 28 such that the movable holding element 14 is moved (axially) against the energy accumulator 28 via the damping device 50 by an initial relative pivoting movement, but then the damping device 50 transmits or delays the force F of the energy accumulator 28 to the holding element 14 in such a way that this movable holding element 14 is essentially free of the force F of the energy accumulator 28 during a dynamic pivoting movement and is only damped again after the pivoting movement has ended or force F is applied with a time delay. As a result, dynamic swivel movements are almost free, i.e. H. practically possible without intervention of the holding elements.

In the preferred embodiments shown, the damping device 50 is formed by a spindle gear 52. For this purpose, reference is also made to FIGS. 2 to 5. The spindle gear 52 consists of a central spindle 54 connected to the hinge pin 6 (FIG. 1) or to the bearing axis 18 (FIGS. 6 to 8) or formed by a section of the hinge pin 6 or the bearing axis 18 and one on the Spindle 54 seated spindle nut 56. The axially movable holding element 14 acts - preferably via an axial rotary bearing 58 - against the spindle nut 56, which in turn - preferably via a further axial rotary bearing 60 - acts against the energy accumulator 28. The axial rotary bearings 58, 60 can - as shown - be designed as roller bearings (ball bearings) or - for a possibly desired additional friction - as plain bearings (friction disks). The spindle gear 52 has a thread pitch in such a way that the axial force that occurs during the axial movement of the holding element 14 causes a freewheel, ie an automatic rotation of the spindle nut 56. The rotation then causes the spindle nut 56 to move against the energy accumulator 28 in accordance with the thread pitch. According to the thread pitch, damping of the return movement or the spring force F is advantageously achieved. It is particularly advantageous here if the thread pitch only is slightly outside the range of self-locking, so it is as flat as possible, because it achieves optimal, very effective damping.

In a further advantageous embodiment (FIG. 1), the spindle gear 52 can also have additional damping 62, for example in the form of a brake acting on the spindle nut 56. The example shown is a mechanical friction brake which acts radially against the spindle nut 56.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5, in a preferred embodiment, the spindle gear 52 is designed to readjust itself in terms of an axial play. This always ensures a direct flow of force between the holding element 14 and the spring accumulator 28 via the damping device 50. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 4 and 5, the spindle nut 56 is formed in several parts with spindle nut halves 64, 66 which can be braced against one another and are also under torsional prestress V. The spindle nut half 64 forms a lower part with an outer ring web 70 having an internal thread 68, into which a clamping element 72 with an external thread 74 can be screwed. The clamping element 72 acts against the other spindle nut half 66. The spindle 54 preferably has only individual thread sections 76 instead of a continuous thread, to which corresponding counter-thread sections 78 of the spindle nut halves 64, 66 are assigned. Suitable means (not shown), such as a torsion spring or the like, are provided for generating the torsional pretension in the closing direction or clearance direction.

The thread or thread sections 76 and mating thread sections 78 are preferred and, as shown, are designed in the manner of a trapezoidal thread.

As an alternative to the preferred embodiments shown, a holding device can also be used, the holding elements of which interact with rolling friction with rolling elements. In principle, radially acting holding elements can also be provided in an equivalent manner.

In an advantageous development of the invention, which is only indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, as an alternative or in addition to the energy store 28, a special device 80 is provided for generating a holding force acting on the holding element 14 in the locking direction. This holding force mainly acts in the engaged position Holding element 12, 14 and can thus replace or support the force F of the energy accumulator 28, which is advantageous insofar as the force F of the energy accumulator 28 is disadvantageously lower in the engagement position than in the lifting position of the holding element 14. This is advantageously compensated for by the holding force and a high holding torque is ensured. In this case, however, this device 80 is advantageously designed such that the holding force arises only or mainly in the area of the engagement position, while in the axially raised position the holding element 14 is essentially free of the holding force. As a device 80 for generating the holding force, for example, a magnet arrangement can be provided, the spindle nut 56 carrying a first active element 82 on its outer circumference and a second, magnetically correspondingly corresponding active element 84 being held on the housing side such that both active elements 82, 84 are in the engaged position magnetically attractive to each other. This design has the advantage that the holding force occurs only or mainly in the engaged position. In addition, shortly before reaching the engagement position, the spindle nut 56 is actively driven in the direction of rotation by a torque M in such a way that reaching the engagement position is accelerated or supported. A maximum holding force therefore really only works when it is needed, while an at least significantly reduced force acts in the respective raised intermediate latching positions. This results in minimal wear of the holding elements.

In the embodiment of the hinge door holder shown in FIG. 8, the holding device 10, in the manner of a multi-disc clutch, consists of at least three, for example five, holding elements 12, 14 as shown. These holding elements 12, 14 lie one above the other in a packet-like sequence, with two directly adjacent holding elements in each case are movable relative to each other and cooperate locking. As a result, a plurality of engagement planes 90 are advantageously formed. More specifically, the holding elements 12, 14 are divided into two groups, the first group of holding elements 12 being connected to the first hinge part 2 and the second group of holding elements 14 being connected to the second hinge part 4, the holding elements of the two groups being arranged alternately , This preferred embodiment ensures that the holding force generated by the energy store 28 and / or the device 80 is practically multiplied by the number of engagement levels 90, so that overall a high holding torque is ensured in the blocked position even with a low holding force. It can also be advantageous here if the holding element at least one of the two groups (12 and / or 14) are arranged rotated relative to one another, in such a way that a movement play (tooth play) of the holding device 10 is thereby eliminated. As a result, the door is defined in the blocked position, held very precisely without play.

As can further be seen from FIG. 8, in this embodiment the holding elements 14 interact directly with the internal toothing 32, for which purpose they have an external toothing - replacing the gearwheel 30 described above.

As can be seen from the detailed representations in FIGS. 9 to 15, the holding elements 12, 14 can advantageously be formed in the area of their interacting engagement surfaces in such a way that a minimal surface pressure (force per. Surface) is achieved by the holding elements 12, 14 always lie as close together as possible. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 to 11, this is achieved in that the holding elements 12, 14 have cooperating spur gears, the tooth sections 92 of which are designed as thread cutouts, in particular in the manner of a trapezoidal thread (half trapezoidal geometry). The tooth sections 92 according to FIG. 10 can each have two tooth flanks 92a and 92b, which are designed with different steepnesses such that holding moments of different sizes are achieved in the closing and opening direction of the door. In this embodiment, according to FIG. 11, the tooth sections 92 are always in planar, but at least linear, contact.

In the embodiment variant according to FIGS. 12 to 15, the holding elements 12, 14 have cooperating negative contours on the one hand with depressions 94 and on the other hand with projections 96 that fit into the depressions 94 (standard geometry). According to FIG. 15a, a large-area contact is also achieved hereby - at least in the engagement position.

In both variants according to FIGS. 9 and 12 to 15, only the device 80, ie not the force accumulator 28, is preferably provided to generate the holding force. It is advantageous here that the holding force actually only acts in the engaged position, that is to say when the holding elements 12, 14 lie against one another with a maximum large contact surface. This leads to the desired minimal surface pressure. If the holding elements 12, 14 are then in motion due to movement with a smaller area or only at least linearly in contact, the holding force is practically zero, so that even then Surface pressure is small. This significantly reduces wear due to friction.

For the rest, the invention is not limited to the illustrated and described design features, but also encompasses all designs having the same effect in the sense of the invention. Furthermore, the invention has not yet been limited to the combination of features defined in claim 1, but can also be defined by any other combination of certain features of all the individual features disclosed overall. This means that in principle practically every individual feature of claim 1 can be omitted or replaced by at least one individual feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. The claims are therefore only to be understood as a first attempt at formulation.

Claims

Expectations 1. Hinge door holder, in particular for vehicle doors, consisting of two hinge parts (2, 4) pivotably connected by a hinge pin (6) about an axis of rotation (8) and a holding device (10) for mutually locking the hinge parts (2, 4) in different relative rotational positions , wherein the holding device (10) consists of at least two engagingly interacting holding elements (12, 14) connected to one of the hinge parts (2, 4), the one holding element (14) in by relative pivoting movements of the hinge parts (2, 4) an engagement direction (26) is moved relative to the other holding element (12), ge ke nn ze ichnetdu rc h a damping device (30) for damping the engagement movements of the movable holding element (14). 2. Hinge door holder according to claim 1, d ad u rch ge ke n nze ichn et, since the holding device (10) is laterally offset with respect to the hinge pin (6) and on a bearing axis (18) parallel to the hinge pin (6) Holding elements (12, 14), with at least one (14) of the holding elements (12, 14) relative to the other holding element (12) about one of the bearing axis () by means of relative pivoting movements of the hinge parts (2, 4) via drive means (20). 18) is rotatably driven to the axis of rotation (22) parallel to the axis of rotation (8), and the bearing axis (18) is connected to the first hinge part (2) in such a way that it is in a circular path around the axis of rotation of the hinge (8) is movable relative to the second hinge part (4), a gear wheel (30) interacting with an internal toothing (32) connected to the second hinge part (4) as the drive means (20) for the holding device (10). 3. Hinge door holder according to claim 2, characterized in that the bearing axis (18) is guided via a rotationally fixed to the first hinge part (2) and thereby relative to the second hinge part (4) about the axis of rotation (8) pivotable guide part (36) , 4. hinge part according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the gear (30) is non-rotatably on the bearing axis (18) and the bearing axis (18) is rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation (22). 5. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) cooperate in the axial direction engaging and in particular are acted upon axially by a force accumulator (28), preferably one, by the pivoting movements axially in particular against the force storage element (28) moves the holding element (14) in a rotationally fixed and longitudinally movable manner on the hinge pin (6) or the bearing axis (18), while the other holding element (12) is rotationally fixed and in particular axially stationary with the hinge part (4) or the guide part (36 ) connected is. 6. hinge door holder according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the drive means between the internal toothing (32) and the gear (30) a gear ratio of greater than 1: 1, in particular approximately in the range of 2: 1 to 4: 1, exhibit. 7. hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the damping device (50) acts on the in the engagement direction (26) movable holding element (14) that the movable holding element (14) by an initial relative pivoting movement of the another holding element (12) moves away and remains essentially in this position during a dynamic swiveling movement and only moves back in a dampened manner against the other holding element (12) after the swiveling movement has ended. 8. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the damping device (50) is arranged between the movable holding element (14) and an energy accumulator (28) such that the movable holding element (14) over a beginning relative pivoting movement the damping device (50) is moved against the energy accumulator (28) and then the damping device (50) Force (F) of the energy accumulator (28) is transmitted to the holding element (14) in such a damped manner that the movable holding element (14) is essentially free of the force (F) of the energy accumulator (28) during a dynamic pivoting movement and only after the end of the The pivoting movement is dampened or delayed with the force (F). 9. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the damping device (50) is formed by a spindle gear (52). 10. Hinge door holder according to claim 9, characterized in that the spindle gear (52) from a central spindle (54) connected to the hinge pin (6) or the bearing axis (18) and a spindle nut (56) seated on the spindle (54). consists, on the one hand, the movable holding element (14) - in particular via an axial rotary bearing (58) - against the spindle nut (56) and on the other hand against the spindle nut (56) - in particular via an axial rotary bearing (60) - act against the energy accumulator (28). 11. Hinge door holder according to claim 9 or 10, so that the spindle gear (52) is designed to be self-adjusting with respect to an axial play. 12 ^', that the spindle nut (56) is constructed in several parts with mutually braced property particularly under appropriate torsional bias (V) the spindle nut halves (64, 66) hinge door holding device according to claim 11, dadu rch ge ke nn ze ichn et. 13. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the spindle gear (52) has a thread pitch, which ensures a freewheeling axial force, but is preferably only slightly outside the self-locking. 14. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the spindle gear (52) has an additional damping (62) in particular in the form of a brake acting on the spindle nut (56). 15. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) interact directly with sliding friction. 16. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the holding device (10) is designed in the manner of a non-positive slip clutch, the two in particular rotationally symmetrical holding elements (12, 14) via spur gear teeth (16) or similar detents axially with sliding friction interact. 17. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) interact via rolling elements with rolling friction. 18. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by a device (80) designed in this way for generating a holding force acting on the holding element (14) in the engagement direction in such a way that the holding force generates only or mainly in the locking engagement position of the holding elements (12, 14) becomes. 19. Hinge door holder according to claim 18, d ad u rch g e ke n n ze i ch n et, d a ss the holding force on the spindle gear (52) is generated by a magnetic torque (M) in particular the spindle nut (56). 20. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the holding device (10) in the manner of a multi-disc clutch consists of at least three stack-like superimposed holding elements (12 ^' , 14), with two directly adjacent holding elements (12, 14) relative are movable to each other and interact in an intervening manner so that a plurality of engagement levels (90) are formed. 21. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) are divided into two groups, the first group of holding elements (12) with the first hinge part (2) and the second group of holding elements (14) are connected to the second hinge part (4), and the holding elements (12, 14) of the two groups are arranged in an alternating order. 22. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) of at least one of the two groups are arranged so as to be slightly rotated relative to one another in order to eliminate a play in movement of the holding device (10). 23. Hinge door holder according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) are designed such that a minimum surface pressure is achieved. 24. Hinge door holder according to claim 23, characterized in that the holding elements (12, 14) have cooperating end gears, the tooth sections (92) of which are designed as thread cutouts, in particular in the manner of a trapezoidal thread, in such a way that a maximum area contact is ensured in the engagement position , which continuously merges into an at least linear system in the case of relative movement. 25. Hinge door holder according to claim 24, characterized in that the toothed sections (92) each have two tooth flanks (92a, 92b) which are designed to be of different steepness such that ^" holding moments of different sizes are achieved in the closing and opening direction of the door. 6. hinge door holder according to claim 23, characterized d ad u rch that the holding elements (12, 14) such interacting negative contours on the one hand with recesses (94) and on the other hand with formally in the recesses (94) matching approaches (96) that in each Relative position an at least linear system and at least in the engagement position a maximum large area system is guaranteed.