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WO2002104074A1 - Systeme de tubage et procede d'extrusion - Google Patents

Systeme de tubage et procede d'extrusion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002104074A1
WO2002104074A1 PCT/GB2002/002808 GB0202808W WO02104074A1 WO 2002104074 A1 WO2002104074 A1 WO 2002104074A1 GB 0202808 W GB0202808 W GB 0202808W WO 02104074 A1 WO02104074 A1 WO 02104074A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
conduit
layer
cable
extrudate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2002/002808
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Philip Head
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0115040A external-priority patent/GB0115040D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0120707A external-priority patent/GB0120707D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0123501A external-priority patent/GB0123501D0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2002104074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002104074A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/58—Heating hoses; Heating collars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/028—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tubing and conduit systems, particularly but not exclusively in sub-sea and sub-surface environments, for the production of oil and gas and associated tasks.
  • Conductor systems such as armoured cables are much used in the drilling of boreholes and the subsequent production of oil, both to supply power and to transmit signals.
  • the conditions that such conductor systems encounter are harsh; cabling may be subjected to the high pressures of the well fluid, mechanical stresses from being pulled upon or compressed by surrounding components, and high temperatures.
  • armoured cable is typically formed by wrapping multiple layers of different material around the conductors or piping to be protected.
  • the complex production process results in armoured cable being relatively expensive.
  • a major problem identified with existing power cables is that gas migrates into the conductor; some gas, such as hydrogen sulphide, is highly corrosive to the copper typically used for conductors. Also, the gas permeates slowly under high pressure. If the cable suddenly decompressed (for example a seal or a pump fails) the gas in the cable expands and can cause the cable to explode.
  • some gas such as hydrogen sulphide
  • a method of forming a conduit for the production of oil or gas including an inner tube and an outer tube coaxial with the inner tube, including the steps of securing a heating element to the outer surface of the inner tube and applying the outer tube to the inner tube and heating element by extrusion.
  • the inner tube is formed as an extrudate.
  • the heating element has a substantially longitudinal planar form, and is wrapped upon the inner tube.
  • a gas impermeable layer is formed on the outer tube by wrapping one or more substantially planar longitudinal gas impermeable sheets around the outer tube.
  • a method of forming a protected cable or conduit comprising the steps of feeding the cable or conduit through an extruder to form a first layer of extrudate substantially encompassing the cable or conduit, and applying a impermeable tube around the cable or conduit.
  • the impermeable tube is applied around the cable or conduit and the first layer of extrudate.
  • Figures 1 to 6 are cross sectional views of the manufacture of the protected tube
  • Figure 7 shows a plan view of a power and heating layer
  • Figure 8 shows a plan view of another embodiment of a power and heating layer
  • Figure 9 shows a plan view of another embodiment of a power and heating layer
  • Figure 10 shows a view of a power and heating layer applied to part of the protected tube
  • Figure 11 shows a view of the protected tube in use
  • Figure 12 shows a longitudinal view of the protected tube in a riser or casing
  • Figure 13 shows a longitudinal view of another embodiment of the protected tube in a riser or casing
  • Figures 14 and 15 show diagrammatic views of the manufacture of the protected tube
  • Figure 16 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a termination of the protected tube
  • Figure 17 shows a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of a termination of the protected tube
  • Figure 18 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the joining of two ends of protected tube
  • Figures 19 and 20 show longitudinal sectional views of another embodiment of the joining of two ends of protected tube;
  • Figure 21 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a termination of the protected tube in a riser or casing;
  • Figure 22 shows a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of a termination of the protected tube in a riser or casing
  • Figure 23 shows a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment the protected tube in a riser or casing
  • Figure 24 shows a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment the protected tube
  • a steel tube 120 is coated in adhesive 122, to which is affixed two power strips 124 and a line of heating strips 125.
  • the outer surface of the tube is coated in a plastic layer 126.
  • this plastic layer 126 is applied by passing the steel tube and heating and power strips through a die, the plastic layer being extruded around the steel tube.
  • a layer 128 of aluminium is applied over the plastic layer 126 to form a gas impermeable barrier, and a further layer of plastic is applied over the aluminium, to protect the aluminium layer and for handling purposes.
  • This plastic coating improves the handling qualities of the cable, it could have surface roughness added or profile changes to assist gripping.
  • the aluminium layer may be provided as a reeled strip, being unwound as the steel tube and heating means are exiting the extrusion station.
  • the aluminium strip is formed around the layer of extrudate, and swaged so that it fits reasonably tightly with the extrudate layer.
  • the seam of the aluminium may be welded.
  • the aluminium could also be applied from more than one strip, which will result in more than one seam, again these seams are preferably welded to form an impermeable metal layer.
  • two lines of heating pads 125 are disposed along a strip of plastic film 135.
  • a major positive rail 221 and a major negative rail 222 are also disposed along the plastic strip 135, the major negative rail 222 situated between the two lines of heating pads.
  • Each heating pad 125 comprises an area of conductive carbon ink.
  • Conductive connection members 225 connect the minor positive and negative rails 224, 223 to the respective major positive and negative rails 221, 222. It will be seen that one set of the minor positive rails, on the outer edge of the plastic strip, cannot be connected in this way.
  • connection members may be provided on the major positive rail 224 so that the connection members overlap the seam, connecting the minor positive rails.
  • insulated flying leads may connect these minor positive rails to the major positive rail.
  • a voltage is applied across each heating strip via flying leads 130 from the power strips, the power strips 124 being held at a potential difference.
  • the strips include a thermostat 132 and processor unit 133 which controls the operation of the heating strip so that a constant temperature may be maintained.
  • the thermostat and processor unit may also include other sensors, such as pressure sensors, accelerometers etc., each processor then superimposing the collected data onto the power lines so that the multiplexed signals may be picked up at a subsurface location or floating vessel as appropriate.
  • the power strips 124, heating strips 125 and flying leads 130 are disposed in a planar fashion upon a strip of plastic film 135, so that the power strips and heating strips may be conveniently applied to the steel tube.
  • a heating element may be formed using a convoluted configuration of resistive wiring 137 connected between the two power lines 124 via processor/thermostats 131.
  • each such restive heating section is between 1 and 50 metres long.
  • the film 135 is wrapped upon the steel tube in a helical fashion, the heating strips and power strips thus each forming helices.
  • the protected tube may be installed in a well bore
  • 141 or could be used to convey oil along a riser 149 from a well head 142 to a central connection node 143 or to a floating vessel 144 or the like.
  • the oil's viscosity is maintained, particularly when the pipe is running through cold water, and the sensors are particularly useful for gathering well bore data, but data can also be gathered from the protected tube laying along the surface of the sea bed.
  • the protected tube 150 may be installed in a riser or a well casing 140, and either secured by swaging internally, or left to hang from a cable 146 and cable head unit 145.
  • the cable head unit includes apertures 147 suitable for allowing oil to flow through the through bore of the tube.
  • the cable also supplies power to the power strips. Equally, power could be supplied from a 'stab in' assembly 148 at the bottom of the protected tube, shown in figure 12.
  • the aluminium layer protects the heating strip, power lines and sensors from corrosion. As in the previous embodiments, the aluminium layer also minimises the risk of gas permeating the structure of the tube to lead to explosive decompression.
  • the outer layer of extrudate may include or comprise a material having a low thermal conductivity, that is, a heat insulator.
  • Figure 15 shows flat lengths of pipe 154 (the joining of the individual lengths of pipe will be described below) having a coating film 156 applied to them from a reel 158, the lengths of pipe then passing through a polyurethane coating station 160, where polyurethane is extruded around the protected tube to form an insulating layer. The polyurethane coated protected tube 165 is then wound upon a reel 162 for storage.
  • the protected tube 155 may alternatively be manufactured as a complete length, stored upon a reel 157, and unreeled through the polyurethane coating station 160, before again being reeled 162 for storage and transportation.
  • the protected tube When the protected tube is to be disposed, it may be plastically unreeled and injected in a similar fashion to coiled tubing.
  • one or both ends of the protected cable may be connected to a termination assembly 170, the inner steel tube 120 extending into the termination assembly 170 and sealed against an o-ring 172.
  • the heating and power layer 123 is exposed at the end of the protected tube 100, and one or more pins 174 extend through the wall of the termination assembly 170 to contact the power rails of the heating and power layer 123, power for the heating elements thus being provided through these pins 174.
  • a flexible pressure member 176 and flexible tress member 178 are applied after the application of the heating and power layer, to provide the protected tube with strength and flexibility.
  • the termination assembly may simply include a pair of o-rings, a first o-ring 172 sealing against the steel tube as before, and a second o-ring sealing 173 against the outer insulation layer 175.
  • the termination assembly includes a bore 171 to continue the bore of the protected tube, and a flange for securement of the termination assembly.
  • the steel tube 120 is exposed at the ends of the protected tubes 100 to be joined, as shown in figure 18.
  • An annular compression fitting member 190 is introduced into each protected tube end.
  • the exposed steel tube is introduced into a fitting collar 192, which is welded to the aluminium layer 128 protected tube to seal the collar.
  • the fitting collars 192 extend beyond the end of the steel tube 120, and are brought to an abutting position and welded together.
  • the fitting collars 192 are then securely attached to the protected tube 100 by swaging the outside of the fitting collars above the annular compression fitting member 190, so that the a secure seal and bond is made between the steel tube and fitting collar in regions 194.
  • each tube may be separately powered from the ends opposite the splicing site.
  • the end of each protected tube 100 is prepared so that the power and heating layer 123 extends over the end of the steel tube 120.
  • An internal liner 196 is included between the two annular compression fitting members 192, the internal liner 196 including conductive strips to electrically connect the two power lines 124 of one protected tube 100 to the corresponding two power lines of the other protected tube 100 (figure 19 shows the protected tube joint without the internal liner in order that the power lines may be seen).
  • An internal swaging die is then introduced into the bore of the of the protected tubes 100, and used to internally swage the internal liner to create a good connection between the internal liner 196 and the protected tubes' power lines 124.
  • the termination assembly shown in figure 16 may be conveniently used in order to utilise the protected tube as a riser having integral heating capability.
  • a termination assembly 170 similar to that shown in figure 16 may be employed to hang the protected tube 100 in a riser to serve as a liner for the riser (as described and illustrated in figure 12).
  • two slip rings 200, 201 lead, via a plug 174, to the electric power cable associated with the tensile cable 146 upon which the protected tube 100 is lowered.
  • the end of the protected tube is exposed as for the termination assembly shown in figure 16, but a profiled end member 204 is attached to the protected tube 100, this end member including to slip rings 202, 203 corresponding to the slip rings 200, 201 of the hanger unit 145.
  • the power may be supplied through the riser or casing 140, the hanger unit 145 and cable 146 only being used to lower and/or install the protected tube liner 100.
  • a termination assembly may be employed at the bottom end of the protected tube when acting as a liner in a riser, (as described and illustrated in figure 13).
  • a termination assembly 148 includes a plug 174 connected to a power supply, the plug being connected to two split rings 200. 201 on the inner surface of the termination assembly.
  • the end of the protected tube is exposed as for the termination assembly shown in figure 17, but a profiled end member 204 is attached to the protected tube 100, this end member including two slip rings 202. 203 corresponding to the slip rings 200, 201 of the termination assembly 148.
  • the profiled end member 204 stabs in to the termination assembly 148, to supply power to power lines in the protected tube.
  • the hanger and the stab-in systems could be combined so that the power lines in the protected tube, supplied through the hanger unit, supplies power to some down hole apparatus via the stab-in assembly.
  • the diameter of the protected tube 100 may be sufficiently small compared to that of a riser 140 so that an annulus 220 exists between the protected tube 100 and the riser 140.
  • the protected tube is attached to a hanger unit 246 which is supported upon a shoulder 244 on the inner surface of the riser 140.
  • a power cable 243 outside of the riser extends through the riser to two split rings 230, 231 on the inner surface of the riser, which contact two split rings 234, 235 on the inner surface of the hanger unit 246.
  • the protected tube is connected in a manner as previously described so that the power lines of the power and heating layer of the protected tube are supplied with power.
  • the hanger unit 246 is provided with ports (which may operated by valves) through which the annulus 220 between the protected tube 100 and the riser 140 on the one hand, and the riser bore above the hanger unit 246 on the other, can communicate.
  • ports which may operated by valves
  • viscous oil produced along the annulus is heated by the protected tube 100 and so kept fluid.
  • a pipeline 250 may become clogged with oil if the temperature of the oil is low enough to become very viscous.
  • a drill bit 252 powered by an electric motor 254, and including a traction tool 256 and booster pump 258, is introduced into the pipeline 250 towing a protected tube 100 (the protected tube may though have enough rigidity be pushed behind the drill bit, or even to supply weight on bit).
  • the drill bit 252 cuts up any solidified oil as it passes through the pipeline 250, and the oil then passes through into the heated protected tube, where the oil is heated to reduce its viscosity.
  • the electric motor 254 for the drill bit 252 is supplied from the power lines of the protected tube 100.
  • the drill assembly that is, the drill bit 252, electric motor 254, traction tool 256 and booster pump 258, emerges from the end of the pipeline, it may be detached from the protected tube 100, which is left in the pipeline 250 to supply heat to ensure that the oil remains fluid, as shown in figure 25.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un conduit formé, à utiliser pour la production de pétrole ou de gaz, ledit conduit (120) comprenant un tube intérieur et un tube extérieur coaxial avec le tube intérieur. L'invention concerne un élément de chauffe (125) fixé à la surface extérieure du tube intérieur, et au tube extérieur appliqué sur le tube intérieur, et permettant un chauffage lors de l'extrusion. Le tube intérieur est formé comme un extrudat. L'élément de chauffe (125) présente une forme longitudinale sensiblement plane, et enveloppe le tube intérieur. Une couche imperméable au gaz est formée sur le tube extérieur, par le biais de l'enveloppement d'un ou de plusieurs feuilles imperméables au gaz longitudinales sensiblement planes, autour du tube extérieur.
PCT/GB2002/002808 2001-06-20 2002-06-20 Systeme de tubage et procede d'extrusion Ceased WO2002104074A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0115040A GB0115040D0 (en) 2001-06-20 2001-06-20 Conductor system
GB0115040.8 2001-06-20
GB0120707A GB0120707D0 (en) 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Conductor system
GB0120707.5 2001-08-24
GB0123501A GB0123501D0 (en) 2001-09-29 2001-09-29 Conductor system
GB0123501.9 2001-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002104074A1 true WO2002104074A1 (fr) 2002-12-27

Family

ID=27256194

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2002/002808 Ceased WO2002104074A1 (fr) 2001-06-20 2002-06-20 Systeme de tubage et procede d'extrusion

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2378916A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002104074A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015086963A1 (fr) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-18 Total Sa Dispositif de chauffage electrique
WO2019064014A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Heat Trace Limited Conduit chauffé électriquement
US10283925B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2019-05-07 Total Sa Method for forming an electrical connection
US10907754B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2021-02-02 Total Sa Composite strip, and methods for forming a junction between two conduits

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017114329A1 (fr) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-06 淄博环能海臣环保技术服务有限公司 Tuyau plastique chauffant auto-régulé en température, à double source de chaleur, en film de matériau polymère électro-conducteur ctp composite

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522413A (en) * 1964-07-01 1970-08-04 Moore & Co Samuel Composite electrically heated tubing product
FR2287637A2 (fr) * 1974-10-07 1976-05-07 Rhone Poulenc Ind Tube souple chauffant
GB2065430A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-06-24 Junkosha Co Ltd A tubular heating device
WO1986003362A1 (fr) * 1984-11-26 1986-06-05 Flexwatt Corporation Tuyauterie electriquement chauffee
US5499528A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-19 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Apparatus for measuring hot gas content
EP0707169A1 (fr) * 1994-10-15 1996-04-17 PAGUAG GmbH & Co. Tuyau flexible avec une couche interne électroconductrice
WO1997011577A1 (fr) * 1995-09-06 1997-03-27 Environ Products, Inc. Soudure electrique par fusion de materiaux thermoplastiques

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1515935A (en) * 1975-11-25 1978-06-28 Walde R Tubing for use in solar heating systems
JPS52133321U (fr) * 1976-04-06 1977-10-11
GB2113344B (en) * 1982-01-15 1985-08-07 Winster Hose Manufacture of reinforced hose
GB2351257B (en) * 1996-11-25 2001-02-14 Glynwed Pipe Systems Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrofusion couplers
GB2349928B (en) * 1999-03-17 2003-11-26 Petrotechnik Ltd Improved pipe couplings

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3522413A (en) * 1964-07-01 1970-08-04 Moore & Co Samuel Composite electrically heated tubing product
FR2287637A2 (fr) * 1974-10-07 1976-05-07 Rhone Poulenc Ind Tube souple chauffant
GB2065430A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-06-24 Junkosha Co Ltd A tubular heating device
WO1986003362A1 (fr) * 1984-11-26 1986-06-05 Flexwatt Corporation Tuyauterie electriquement chauffee
GB2181628A (en) * 1984-11-26 1987-04-23 Flexwatt Corp Electrically heated pipe assembly
US5499528A (en) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-19 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Apparatus for measuring hot gas content
EP0707169A1 (fr) * 1994-10-15 1996-04-17 PAGUAG GmbH & Co. Tuyau flexible avec une couche interne électroconductrice
WO1997011577A1 (fr) * 1995-09-06 1997-03-27 Environ Products, Inc. Soudure electrique par fusion de materiaux thermoplastiques

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015086963A1 (fr) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-18 Total Sa Dispositif de chauffage electrique
FR3015172A1 (fr) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-19 Total Sa Dispositif de chauffage electrique
US10283925B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2019-05-07 Total Sa Method for forming an electrical connection
US10743372B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2020-08-11 Total Sa Electric heating device
US10907754B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2021-02-02 Total Sa Composite strip, and methods for forming a junction between two conduits
WO2019064014A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Heat Trace Limited Conduit chauffé électriquement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0214260D0 (en) 2002-07-31
GB2378916A (en) 2003-02-26

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