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WO2002033219A1 - Lame - Google Patents

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Info

Publication number
WO2002033219A1
WO2002033219A1 PCT/AU2001/001347 AU0101347W WO0233219A1 WO 2002033219 A1 WO2002033219 A1 WO 2002033219A1 AU 0101347 W AU0101347 W AU 0101347W WO 0233219 A1 WO0233219 A1 WO 0233219A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hub
cutter
bearing
retaining ring
annular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2001/001347
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matt Panozzo
David O'sullivan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MINE SITE TECHNOLOGIES Pty Ltd
Mine Site Technologies Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
MINE SITE TECHNOLOGIES Pty Ltd
Mine Site Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MINE SITE TECHNOLOGIES Pty Ltd, Mine Site Technologies Pty Ltd filed Critical MINE SITE TECHNOLOGIES Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2002210263A priority Critical patent/AU2002210263A1/en
Publication of WO2002033219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002033219A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/104—Cutting tool fixtures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improvement in a cutter. More particularly the invention relates to a cutter used as part of a cutter head for tunnel boring machinery (7-S ⁇ ).
  • a TBM includes a rotary cutter head which is positioned at the front part of the TBM main frame and connected to the rest of the TBM, usually by numerous thrust cylinders. In operation, the cutter head is rotated and the thrust cylinders activated to extend the cutter head forward to tunnel into the ground ahead.
  • Raise boring/down drilling machinery is used in civil tunnelling and mining to create vertical or near vertical shafts.
  • the drilling machinery has a rotary cutter head that is either raised up or forced down by thrust rams to create a vertical or near vertical circular shaft.
  • the cutter head is rotated and the thrust cylinders are activated to either retract or extend the cutter head forward into the shaft, typically it is guided by a pilot hole.
  • Microtunnelling uses the same theory as TBM but on a smaller scale.
  • Each cutter head has a plurality of cutters. These cutters are usually circular and are inserted into the cutter head by wedging or fixing the cutter in a complementary housing usually in the form of apertures. The cutters are, in turn, composed of a number of individual interlocking parts.
  • the cutter generally comprises a central shaft, a bearing component made up of a pair of annular bearings spaced apart by a spacer, an external hub, a cutter ring and a pair of end caps.
  • Bearings are traditionally designed to support and locate rotating shafts or parts in machines. Bearings transfer loads between rotating and stationary members and permit relatively free rotation with a minimum of friction. Bearings consist of rollers placed between an outer and inner ring. The outer ring is commonly referred to as the cone, while the inner ring is commonly referred to as the cup. Cages or racers are used to space the rollers from each other.
  • the bearings are located within the hub. This structure is in turn inserted onto the central shaft and secured by a pair of end caps, each cap placed on an alternate side of the hub. The cutter ring is then inserted over the hub. The individual components can be further secured by retainers and seals.
  • each cutter can move in a circular motion around the central shaft by the operation of the bearings.
  • the bearing cups inner portion engage the central shaft while the cones (outer portion) engage the hub (directly) and cutter ring (indirectly).
  • the bearings allow for the independent movement of the cutter ring relative to the central shaft.
  • the cutters wear as the TBM or raise borer/down drilling machine progressively excavates into the ground ahead.
  • the cutters are replaced at specific intervals which depend upon the hardness of the ground being excavated, and the quality and strength of material used in manufacturing the cutter.
  • Certain components of the cutter require replacement as they wear, however, given that different components are constructed of different material and are under different stresses during operation, not all components wear at the same rate.
  • the external cutter ring wears first since it engages the ground during excavation.
  • a TBM operator will remove all disc cutters located on the cutter head of the TBM and replace them with a new or refurbished set.
  • Some cutter heads are composed of up to 90 separate cutters resulting in a long replacement process and an increase in operating costs.
  • the removed cutters are then taken away and inspected where an assessment is made as to whether they should be replaced, or refurbished.
  • the remaining components such as the hub, bearings, spacer and seals are inspected during the changeover. If the operator determines that the hub has worn to an unacceptable level, then the whole unit is dismantled and each separate part inspected. If the hub is not overly worn, the entire unit is checked to ensure that it rotates to a given torque and has no 'play' (ie undesirable movement). This gives some indication whether it is necessary to inspect the internal components of the cutter. If the operator considers inspection necessary, the whole unit is disassembled and each separate component inspected.
  • the relevant components can be replaced or kept and the unit can be reassembled.
  • the assembly procedure is often complex and time consuming, especially if 90 separate cutters have to be inspected, and possibly replaced.
  • Disassembly involves an initial inspection of the cutter.
  • the cutter is usually given a light clean before inspection to remove loose dirt from the cutter's exterior surface.
  • the cutter ring can then be removed typically by the application of heat.
  • water is applied immediately after heating to allow an operator to pull the ring free from the hub.
  • the disassembly procedure then takes place from one side. An end cap is removed and the seals are inspected. The seal face must be free of any scratches, nicks or burs. If the seal shows these characteristics, it is discarded. If not, the seal can be re-used.
  • the central shaft can then be removed to allow for the removal of the top cone component of one bearing and then the hub assembly.
  • the detached cone is then inspected to detect deformation of the roller cage, flat spots, indentations, flaking and brinelling, or cracking of the rollers. The presence of these types of defects or damage will cause the bearing to be discarded.
  • cup component of the bearing is then inspected for signs of wear as evidenced by indentations, flaking, brinelling or cracks. If any wear is observed the entire bearing will be replaced. The spacer is discarded. Finally, the hub and shaft component can then be inspected.
  • Each of the individual parts is then cleaned with oil free solvents.
  • the parts can be deburred and then once again inspected and lubricated as required.
  • the cutter can then be reassembled by using a hydraulic press. Initially the bearing cups (either the existing cups or new cups) are installed, one at a time from each side onto the hub. The operator is then required to determine the relevant bearing cone gap and select an appropriate master spacer.
  • the cutter unit can then be reassembled without seals by initially installing the end cap onto the shaft, and then placing a bearing cone onto the shaft.
  • the hub (and bearing cups) can be placed onto the shaft, a master spacer is then placed in position.
  • the remaining bearing cone is inserted onto the shaft using the hydraulic press, followed by the remaining end cap.
  • the exact thickness of the spacer must be determined by calibrating the movement of the hub element. This is done by considering and using formulas and measurements which allow the dimensions of the spacer to be calibrated.
  • a spacer is machined to the requisite thickness thereby ensuring that the correct pre-load is placed on the bearing assembly.
  • the cutter is then disassembled to allow the machined spacer to be inserted.
  • the cutter is then reassembled as above, however seals and lubricants are now added.
  • This method although effective, is nonetheless time consuming, requiring two disassembly steps, access to both sides of the cutter unit, and specialised equipment such as a hydraulic press and various calibrating tools. This time, of course, must be multiplied by up to 90 times dependent on how many cutters are located within the TBM cutter head.
  • the other disadvantage of the conventional cutter assembly lies in the fact that an operator must undertake several cleaning and calibrating steps which are not only time consuming, but require specialized equipment and are open to human error.
  • the internal components of the cutter in particular, the bearings can be contaminated by the environment during the reassembly process which may affect the operation and longevity of the cutter.
  • a cutter comprising:
  • a bearing assembly comprising: (i) an external integral annular cone;
  • annular spacer located between the opposed cups to maintain those cups in a predetermined location relative to the cone;
  • annular hub having a central recess into which the bearing assembly is releasably inserted;
  • the spacer is of a pre-calibrated thickness suitable to maintain the appropriate spacing between the pair of internal cups.
  • the external cone can also act as a shield to protect the internal bearing mechanisms from contamination and damage during assembly and use.
  • Suitable bearing mechanisms located between the cone and the cups may comprise roller means such as taper rollers, rollers, or balls.
  • roller means such as taper rollers, rollers, or balls.
  • cages or separators are used to space the roller means from each other.
  • the hub can incorporate an external circumferential groove in which the cutter ring can be located.
  • the cutter further comprises a retainer specifically adapted to lock various components into position.
  • the retainer comprises a pair of annular end caps eatable on the central shaft in registry with the hub and bearing assembly on opposite sides of the hub.
  • the annular end caps prevent the hub from moving relative to one end of the central shaft.
  • Other retainers can include a cutter retaining ring to maintain the interlocking fit between the cutter ring and the hub by wedging the ring in registry with the hub.
  • Further retainers can include a bearing retaining ring which is preferably locatable between an end cap, one side of the hub and bearing assembly.
  • the bearing retaining ring can include an elongated lip portion, a plurality of recesses and a threaded external portion.
  • an end of the hub has a ledge or step which decreases the internal diameter of the recess of the hub.
  • the ledge can engage a portion of the bearing assembly to prohibit the bearing assembly from passing through the hub.
  • the opposite end of the hub has an internal threaded portion.
  • the bearing assembly can be secured within the hub by the bearing retaining ring. When the bearing assembly is inserted into the hub, a portion of the bearing assembly is initially engaged by the ledge. The bearing retaining ring is then inserted by screwing the bearing retaining ring's external threaded portion in engagement with hub's complementary internal threaded portion. The raised lip portion engages an internal surface of the hub.
  • a drill can then be used to drill through the plurality of recesses and into corresponding points on the internal planar surface of the hub. Taps are inserted through the recesses and drilled holes to secure the bearing retaining ring to a planar surface of the hub thus securing the bearing assembly within the hub.
  • the bearing ring can be secured to the hub by suitable adhesive such as LocktiteTM.
  • Seals can also be incorporated within the cutter.
  • the seals act to protect the components of the cutter from contamination from the outside environment.
  • the seals can also urge a better fit between the components.
  • a method of assembling a cutter according to the invention comprising the steps of:
  • the assembly method can further comprise the steps of
  • steps (b) to (d) can be performed before or after steps (b) to (d).
  • steps (b) to (d) For example, the addition of a bearing retaining ring occurs before step (b) and after step (c) while the addition of a cutter retaining ring occurs after step (d).
  • the bearing assembly can be placed onto the hub by a hydraulic press.
  • the hydraulic press can also be used to place the hub and bearing assembly on the shaft.
  • the bearing retaining ring can be placed within the hub by a retaining tool.
  • the retaining tool typically comprises a circular engaging element with a plurality of projections and a cross-sectional handle.
  • the plurality of projections are locatable within complementary recesses located on the bearing retaining ring.
  • the handle can then be rotated to facilitate the threaded engagement between the bearing retaining ring and the annular hub.
  • a method of assembling a cutter comprising the steps:
  • Figure 1 is cross sectional view of the bearing assembly
  • Figure 2 is a front view cross sectional of the bearing assembly of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cut away view of the cutter according to the invention .
  • Figure 4 is an assembly view of the cutter of Figure 3.
  • the bearing assembly 1 is annular in shape. As shown in Figure 1 the bearing assembly 1 is comprised of two internal annular cups 2, spaced apart by an annular spacer 3. The bearing assembly is encased in an external annular integral cone 4. Rolling elements 5 are placed between the space defined by the cone 4 and the cups 2. Normally, the rolling elements are ball or roller bearings. However, other rolling elements such as taper rolls can be used. Cages (not shown) are used to space the rolling elements 5 from each other. The cone 4 can rotate independently of the cups 2. In use, the bearing assembly is inserted as a self contained unit within the cutter.
  • the spacer 3 is of a pre-calibrated thickness required to maintain the requisite spacing between the pair of internal cups 2.
  • the external cone 4 acts as a shield to protect the internal bearing mechanisms including the rolling elements 5 and cage from contamination and damage during cutter assembly use.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 depict a bearing assembly as incorporated within the cutter.
  • the cutter comprises further elements including an annular hub 6, a pair of end caps 7, a central shaft 8, a cutter ring 9, bearing retaining rings 10, a cutter retaining ring 11, and seals 12.
  • the hub 6 incorporates an external circumferential groove 6a in which the cutter ring 9 can be located.
  • the cutter retaining ring 11 maintains the interlocking fit between the cutter ring 9 and the hub 6 by insertion into the circumferential groove 6a thereby wedging the cutter ring 9 into registry with the hub 6.
  • the hub 6 further has an internal ledge or step (not shown) which decreases the internal diameter of the hub 6 and an internal threaded portion 6b located at the opposite to the hub 6.
  • the ledge can engage a portion of the bearing assembly 1 when the bearing assembly is inserted in the hub.
  • the bearing assembly 1 is effectively stopped from passing through the hub 6.
  • the bearing retaining ring 10 has an elongated lip portion 10a, an extended threaded portion 10b and a plurality of recesses 10c.
  • the bearing assembly can be secured within the hub by bearing retaining ring 10.
  • the bearing retaining ring 10 is inserted by screwing the bearing retaining ring 10 wherein the external threaded portion 10b is placed in threaded engagement with the complementary internal threaded portion
  • the raised lip portion 10a engages an internal surface of the hub 6c.
  • a drill (not shown) can then be used to drill through the plurality of recesses 10c and into corresponding points on the internal surface of the hub 6c. Taps 13 are inserted through the recesses 10c and the drilled holes to secure the bearing retaining ring 10 to the hub 6 thus securing the bearing assembly 1 within the hub 6.
  • the bearing retaining ring 10 can be secured to the hub 6 by suitable glues such as LocktiteTM.
  • Seals 12 are placed between the bearing retaining ring 10 and end caps 7 to protect the internal components of the cutter from contamination from the outside environment.
  • the seals 12 can also urge a better fit between the components.
  • the integral bearing assembly 1 is pressed into the hub 6 using a hydraulic press (not shown).
  • An end cap 7 is then installed on to the shaft 8. Seals can then be inserted in the end cap 7 and hub 6. The hub 6 with the secured bearing assembly 1 is then pressed on to the shaft 8 by use of a hydraulic press.
  • the bearing retainer ring 10 is then located between an end cap 7 and the annular hub 6. Initially the bearing assembly 1 is placed within the hub 6 wherein a portion of the bearing assembly 1 engages the ledge 6c and prohibits the bearing assembly 1 from passing through the hub. The bearing retaining ring 10 is then inserted by screwing the bearing retaining ring 10 wherein the external threaded portion 10b is placed in threaded engagement with the complementary internal threaded portion 6b.
  • the bearing retaining ring 10 can be placed within the hub by a retaining tool 20.
  • the retaining tool 20 comprises a circular engaging element 21 with a plurality of projections 22 and a cross-sectional handle 23.
  • the plurality of projections are locatable within complementary recesses 10c.
  • the handle 23 can then be rotated to facilitate the threaded engagement between the bearing retaining ring 10 and the annular hub 6.
  • the raised lip portion 10a engages an internal surface of the hub 6c.
  • a drill (not shown) can then be used to drill through the recesses 10c on to co ⁇ esponding points on the internal surface of the hub 6c.
  • Taps 13 can be inserted through the drilled holes to secure the bearing retaining ring to a planar surface of the hub thus securing the bearing assembly within the hub.
  • bearing ring can be secured to the hub by suitable adhesive such as LocktiteTM. Seals are then inserted into the bearing retainer ring 10 and end cap 7. The remaining end cap 7 is screwed on to the shaft 8 as tight as possible and secured with a locking pin (not shown). The cutter ring 9 is then added to the semi-assembled cutter unit and secured with a cutter retaining ring 9. The assembled cutter can then be placed in the cutting head.
  • suitable adhesive such as LocktiteTM.
  • the bearing may last longer than a two single bearing arrangement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une lame qu'on insère dans un porte-lames comprenant: a) un ensemble support (1) constitué i) d'un cône annulaire intégré extérieur (4), ii) d'une paire de coupelles annulaires intérieures opposées (2) situées dans le cône et s'appuyant coaxialement contre celui-ci, et iii) d'une entretoise annulaire (3) située entre les coupelles opposées (2) pour maintenir ces dernières dans un emplacement préétabli relativement au cône (4); b) un moyeu annulaire (6) présentant un évidement central dans lequel l'ensemble support (1) est inséré de façon libérable; c) un arbre central (8) situé axialement et de façon libérable à l'intérieur de l'ensemble support (1); et d) une bague de la lame (9) disposée de façon libérable sur la circonférence extérieure du moyeu (6).
PCT/AU2001/001347 2000-10-20 2001-10-22 Lame Ceased WO2002033219A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002210263A AU2002210263A1 (en) 2000-10-20 2001-10-22 Cutter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR0909 2000-10-20
AUPR0909A AUPR090900A0 (en) 2000-10-20 2000-10-20 Cutter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002033219A1 true WO2002033219A1 (fr) 2002-04-25

Family

ID=3824967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2001/001347 Ceased WO2002033219A1 (fr) 2000-10-20 2001-10-22 Lame

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AUPR090900A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002033219A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109973102A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-05 马鞍山灵山机械设备科技有限公司 一种盘形滚刀的安装结构

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU4118478A (en) * 1977-10-04 1980-05-08 Hart H Nut locking means
GB2185768A (en) * 1986-01-28 1987-07-29 Boart Int Ltd Disc cutter for rock working machines
WO1995008691A1 (fr) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-30 Friant James E Tunnelier a disque rotatif
WO1998003765A1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Friant James E Couteau a disque ameliore et equipement d'excavation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU4118478A (en) * 1977-10-04 1980-05-08 Hart H Nut locking means
GB2185768A (en) * 1986-01-28 1987-07-29 Boart Int Ltd Disc cutter for rock working machines
WO1995008691A1 (fr) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-30 Friant James E Tunnelier a disque rotatif
WO1998003765A1 (fr) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-29 Friant James E Couteau a disque ameliore et equipement d'excavation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109973102A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-05 马鞍山灵山机械设备科技有限公司 一种盘形滚刀的安装结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPR090900A0 (en) 2000-11-16

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