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WO2002019927A1 - Procede et appareil de dispersion chimique d'un gel dans une structure organique - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de dispersion chimique d'un gel dans une structure organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002019927A1
WO2002019927A1 PCT/SE2001/001892 SE0101892W WO0219927A1 WO 2002019927 A1 WO2002019927 A1 WO 2002019927A1 SE 0101892 W SE0101892 W SE 0101892W WO 0219927 A1 WO0219927 A1 WO 0219927A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
gel
energy
solution
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2001/001892
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English (en)
Inventor
Lennart STENSTRÖM
Hugo STENSTRÖM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
William Cook Europe ApS
Calluna IDE AB
Cook Inc
Original Assignee
William Cook Europe ApS
Calluna IDE AB
Cook Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by William Cook Europe ApS, Calluna IDE AB, Cook Inc filed Critical William Cook Europe ApS
Priority to AU2001284592A priority Critical patent/AU2001284592A1/en
Publication of WO2002019927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002019927A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
    • A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3203—Fluid jet cutting instruments
    • A61B17/32037—Fluid jet cutting instruments for removing obstructions from inner organs or blood vessels, e.g. for atherectomy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320758—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with a rotating cutting instrument, e.g. motor driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B18/24—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with a catheter
    • A61B18/245—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor with a catheter for removing obstructions in blood vessels or calculi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238—Type of minimally invasive operation
    • A61B2017/00274—Prostate operation, e.g. prostatectomy, turp, bhp treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22082—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance
    • A61B2017/22084—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance stone- or thrombus-dissolving
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3203—Fluid jet cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/32032—Fluid jet cutting instruments using cavitation of the fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00547—Prostate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B18/26—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy
    • A61B2018/263—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor for producing a shock wave, e.g. laser lithotripsy the conversion of laser energy into mechanical shockwaves taking place in a liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/40—Implements for surgical treatment of the roots or nerves of the teeth; Nerve needles; Methods or instruments for medication of the roots

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method and a related device for being able to disperse an unwanted gel, for instance a blood-clot in an organic structure, so this clot may be removed without any negative effects.
  • An example of a negative effect may be when fragments of gel revert to a continuous gel in a place where this means a disadvantage or when the dispersion effect is spreading to a gel which is to be left untouched.
  • a third known device (Radiology 1997; 205; 675-681 ) works with a catheter equipped with a nozzle part, which delivers radial jet streams, which streams "fragmentate the thrombotic material".
  • the device also has backwards aimed jet streams which, like water stream pumps, take fragmented material away.
  • Tests have, however, shown that blood-clots and other gels may be dispersed according to the process and with the device which are taught by the in- vention and this is without any of the mentioned drawbacks occurring.
  • the invention is possible to realize in most organic structures, even in curved vessels, for instance blood vessels.
  • the method according to the invention presumes a supply of energy as well as of an aqueous solution.
  • the supply is for example arranged via one or several tubular connections such as catheters.
  • the solution may contain salt and dissolved gases, for instance CO 2, N 2 or air.
  • the method is built upon the fact that the gel is dispersed chemically and this is done when the gel is brought into contact with a liquid stream containing a dispersant (dispersing agent).
  • the liquid is supplied as an aqueous solution and the dispersant is manufactured in the aqueous solution just before or as soon as this comes into contact with the gel.
  • the dispersant is preferably free radicals, especially free radicals containing oxygen.
  • acids such as HCI, HNO 2 and HNO 3 are utilized, where appropriate, as dispersant.
  • the liquid is preferably fed through a pipe, for instance a catheter, and is transported, via a whirl and reaction chamber, out into a blood vessel (or equivalent) next to the gel, which is to be dispersed.
  • a blood vessel or equivalent
  • the gel is spared from mechanical damage.
  • the treatment of the gel with liquid from the mentioned chamber results in a pure colloid - without gel fragments. Since also old stable gels in tests have shown to be dispersed with the described method the mentioned liquid flow from the mentioned chamber may successfully be used in connection with blood-clots which are more than 10 days old.
  • energy and solution are met next to the surface of the gel, which is to be dispersed. This is done in a confined reaction chamber with an opening, which is advanced up to the surface of the gel, so that this forms one of the walls of the chamber.
  • the energy is given such a form and intensity that it, at meeting the mentioned solution, creates from this free radicals which are containing oxygen, radicals such as »HOO and *OH and *O 2 " divalent and secondarily - present within the solution of salt and air -also acids such as HCI, HNO 2 and HNO 3.
  • the flow of the solution, which is delivered to the mentioned chamber is throttled down at its entry thereinto so that a stream of whirls is created.
  • This flow with its contents of whirls is given a substantially larger flow area within the chamber whereby the whole surface of the gel is swept by a quiet flow bringing whirls of different sizes with the result that the mentioned newly created substances within the solution are brought into contact with the gel and disperse this gel in the solution which after that without delay is led away as a colloid from the surface of the gel preferably through a narrow clearance which appears between the gel and the opening of the chamber.
  • the chamber with its opening is moved in relation to the gel so that new parts of this successively are exposed in the opening of the cham- ber and are dispersed.
  • the energy which is delivered into the chamber has the form of chemical energy carried by an additive in the solution which additive after its arrival into the reaction chamber at contact with a catalyst installed there, inorganic or organic, creates hydroxyl radical, OH, which disperses the gel.
  • a good combination is H 2 O 2 as an additive and divalent iron as a catalyst.
  • the energy which is delivered into the chamber is electromagnetic with such a quantum energy that it is able to activate an ingredient in the solution to free radicals which disperse the gel whereas measures are taken which prevent the electromagnetic energy from directly reaching and influencing the gel.
  • the energy which is delivered into the chamber is mechanical and of such a kind and intensity that cavitation arises within the chamber whereby one or several of the mentioned free radicals are created and disperse the gel and whereas measure/measures is/are taken which prevents/prevent the mechanical energy from directly reaching and frag- mentating the gel.
  • the mechanical energy which is delivered in the confined chamber is ultrasound of a frequency in the area of 20 kHz-2MHz.
  • the ultrasound beam which is coming into the chamber is then directed in such a way that it does not directly hit the gel.
  • the mechanical energy is pressure energy within the supplied aqueous solution and the velocity with which the solution is pressed into the confined reaction chamber is given such a size that cavitation arises in the chamber and such a direction that the gel cannot be hit directly and fragmented mechanically.
  • an aqueous solution Whilst it is preferred to use an aqueous solution, it is not essential to only use such a material. Solutions containing other material, such as hydrogen peroxide, could alternatively be used.
  • the energy added to the solution disperses the gel, such as a blood clot, into colloidal form, which can harmlessly be removed.
  • the apparatus can be provided with an arrangement for sucking out the colloid, or the colloid can be allowed to harmlessly enter the patient's blood flow system.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a device in which the method according to the invention may be realized.
  • Figure 2 shows in a double scale a view in the direction A in figure 1 which in a simplified manner shows the flow within the chamber and over its edge.
  • Figure 3 shows a device according to the invention where the supplied energy is chemical.
  • Figure 4 shows a device according to the invention where the supplied energy is electromagnetic.
  • Figure 5 shows a device according to the invention where the supplied energy is acoustic.
  • Figure 6 shows a device according to the invention where the supplied energy is pressure energy.
  • Figure 7 shows a device according to the invention for spontaneous clearing of somewhat curved blood vessels.
  • Figure 8 shows an unsymmetrical device according to the invention for one- dimensionally guided clearing of curved tubular organic structures.
  • Figure 9 shows in principle a device according to the invention for two- dimensionally guided clearing of curved tubular organic structures.
  • the invention builds further upon the experience that a gel is dispersed chemically also when the energy, which is necessary, is provided in a mechanical way.
  • a mechanical device may cut out fragments of the gel but a true dispersion (to colloid) is possible only with chemical dispersants. Blood-clots have a gel structure.
  • radicals which contain oxygen, radicals such as »O 2 " , »HOO and *OH (hydroxyl radical) irrespective of whether the mentioned radicals are produced via mechanical energy (through cavitation), light quanta or catalysis.
  • radicals especially the hydroxyl radical is known as a very effective oxidant and dispersant.
  • the dispersion of a gel containing chains and membranes of molecules is mainly happening within the gel even if the contact of the gel with the dispersant just happens over its surface. Crosslinkings are broken up, the gel swells, takes up water, becomes soft and turns into a colloid which successively is removed. If the colloid is not removed it may further on revert to a gel.
  • the functions which are needed in a device 1 according to the invention for successive dispersion of a gel are shown schematically in figure 1. From a source of water under pressure, for instance a pump 2 and a water pipe 3, an aqueous solution 14 is transported through a throttled down nozzle 6 into a con- fined reaction chamber 8 so that it fills this up.
  • Free radicals containing oxygen are created there with energy which is made available at an energy emitter 13 and which energy emanates from an energy source 4 and a transport device 5 for supplying and transporting energy respectively.
  • the jet from the nozzle 6 with solution 14 is aimed in such a way that it brings dispersant newly created at the energy emitter 13, out into the chamber 8.
  • the chamber has an opening 9, preferably round or rounded, but is limited by walls for the rest.
  • the chamber 8 is so placed next to the gel 10 that this gel covers the opening of the chamber except for a narrow clearance 11 between the gel and the rounded edge 12 of the chamber. In that way the gel becomes exposed to the dis- persant. As gel is dispersed, solution with created colloid is pressed out through the clearance 11.
  • the device with its chamber is transported forward ly so that the position of its edge 12 remains close to the surface of the gel. In that way the chamber stays confined into all directions and filled with solution.
  • the movement of the chamber 8 is done by a special movement aid 7. This may be provided with a resilience so that the clearance automatically sets in a position where the spring force is as large as the pressure drop within the clearance multiplied by the area of the opening 9.
  • the flow pattern within the chamber 8 is very decisive for the velocity and the evenness along the exposed surface of the gel with which the gel is dispersed.
  • a large velocity gradient next to the surface of the gel gives a large exposure for free radicals and in this way a rapid dispersion.
  • the first measure causes, the second promotes the creation of a large whirl around the center of the opening 9, the ve- locity of which whirl close to the clearance 11 is many times larger than the exit velocity through the clearance 11.
  • FIG 2 shows the chamber seen in the direction A in figure 1 whereby the scale has been doubled.
  • the solution 14 which leaves the throttled down nozzle 6 in the direction of the arrow and at the energy emitter 13 takes with it newly created free radicals out into the chamber 8, creates a main whirl 15 which comprises practically the whole contents of the chamber 8.
  • the solution from the nozzle also excites a series of pairs 16 of whirls, which pairs accompany the main stream.
  • the small curved arrows around the edge 12 of the chamber 8 finally show the flow with dispersed substance which in a quiet flow is led away from the chamber 8 via the clearance 11.
  • the small whirls 16 function as brushes which in circling movements transport *OH etc through the boundary layer at the gel which the large whirl 15 creates until attaining intimate contact with the gel surface.
  • the transformation gel ⁇ ->colloid is reversible. In principle, therefore, the escaping colloidal solution may create a new gel. This tendency is suppressed by arranging in such a way that the flow of this solution after passage of the clear- ance 11 is quiet and free from whirls.
  • the energy which is utilised according to the invention is used for the creation of free radicals may be of many forms.
  • the device according to the invention is adapted to the choice of energy form.
  • Figure 3 shows a device adapted to the case when the delivered energy is chemical. This is for example delivered in the form of hydrogen peroxide, which is dosed in the aqueous solution 14 by the energy source 4, the aqueous solution being transported to the nozzle 6 by the pump 2.
  • This nozzle is formed in such a way that it gives a flow of solution along a structure 17, which carries a catalyst. This may be inorganic and contain divalent iron.
  • the catalyst may also be organic (enzymes like for example peroxidases).
  • the structure 17 is in a known way created with its area with catalyst large in relation to the flowing through area. Certain organic gels themselves contain catalyzing compounds of the mentioned type and arranged in a convenient structure. If these are present in a sufficient amount and within reach via the exposed surface of the gel in the front of the chamber 8 the arrangement of a special structure 17 is unnecessary.
  • the device in figure 3 is quite suitable for medical applications since aqueous solution and energy are brought to the chamber 8 with one and the same organ 3, conveniently a simple catheter.
  • FIG. 4 shows a device for this.
  • the energy source 4 is a laser with such a short wavelength that its quantum energy is enough for producing free radicals out of the water.
  • the laser beam is transported with the transport device 5, in this case a light wave guide to the chamber 8, where it is directed in such way that it cannot hit and burn the gel 10.
  • the wave guide is conveniently entered in a pipe, for instance a catheter 3, the outlet of which, the nozzle 6, leads the flow of the aqueous solution according to what has been earlier described.
  • the laser beam is reflected via a mirror system 18 forth and back through the solution so it does not hit the gel.
  • the method becomes especially fast if the solution has an additive of hydrogen peroxide, which by the laser beam is divided into *OH.
  • the device in figure 4 has the advantage that the connections between the pump 2 and the energy source 4 for the supply of aqueous solution and energy respectively and the chamber 8 may be realised within one and the same catheter 3.
  • the cavitation which ultra sound can provide may be used for carrying out the process according to the invention. Where cavitation arises •OH etc. is created in the solution.
  • Figure 5 shows a device for this.
  • the energy source 4 is constituted by an ultrasonic generator from which ultra sound is transported to the chamber 8 via a acoustic transmitter 5.
  • the sound mirror 19 prevents the main lobe of the sound emission from directly influencing the gel and further on increases the creation of free radicals by creating standing waves.
  • the solution is supplied via the pipe 3.
  • the described device In comparison with the devices of today for gel fragmentation with ultra sound the described device has the advantage that it disperses the gel evenly over the whole front of the chamber 8 and that it takes away dispersed substance as a colloid from the gel and not as fragments and that it takes away the risk of ultra sound radiation going astray. If the ultra sound generator works with magnetostriction the frequency is in the area of 20-200 kHz and the acoustic transmitter is conveniently a metal wire. This may be enclosed in the catheter 3 in analogy with the arrangement in figure 4.
  • the ultra sound generator is piezoelectric it is conveniently placed as a plate at the outside of and in direct contact with a plane wall of the chamber.
  • the outside of the plate, which is made conductive, is fed from the energy source 4 which is then a high frequency generator with a frequency in the area of approximately 200 kHz -2 MHz.
  • Its input wires may be built into the catheter 3 in analogy with the arrangement in figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows this variant.
  • Means for supplying the aqueous solution is a pump 2, which delivers the solution via the pipe (the catheter) 3 under a high pressure (in the area of 3-30 Mpa).
  • the necessary energy for the process is delivered as pressure energy which in one or more throttled down nozzles 6 is transformed to kinetic energy.
  • the obtained velocity up to a couple of hundred m/s, is enough for producing cavitation and with this »OH etc. in sufficient amount for dispersing of the gel.
  • the nozzle 6 is aimed in such a way that the hard stream from it cannot hit and fragmentate the gel.
  • a turbulence damp- ing net 40 may be arranged in the chamber between the nozzle 6 and the opening 9 of the chamber.
  • Higher pressure in combination with a small outlet area in the nozzle gives the advantage of an increased «OH production and a colloid is achieved also at minor flow. If it is desired to decrease the flow of the solution further it is suitable to let the pressure through in pulses. By choosing a high pressure and short pulses it is possible to get a good production of free radicals in spite of the flow being minor.
  • the need for special organs to supply and transport energy disappears.
  • the simpleness of the device gives a low cost, simple utilization, good reliability and small dimensions - important in treating for instance narrow blood vessels.
  • the gel turns directly into a colloid, which is led away in such a quiet flow that it does not recreate any gel.
  • the treatment cannot lead to fragments of gel being cut loose and going astray.
  • the treatment is very fast because it acts directly upon the depth of the gel, which thereby successively takes up a lot of water and turns into a colloid.
  • the transformation of the gel to colloid goes slowly where it consists of a well organised tissue, for instance in the walls of the vessels. Hereby these are spared. They are also protected in that the supplied energy is consistently prevented from directly influencing them.
  • a consequence of the present invention is also that the device gets a tendency to be self centering and thereby easier to guide through curves and branchings of the vessel system.
  • leader i.e. metal wire
  • a leader i.e. metal wire
  • the installation of such a leader is simple.
  • the leader is simply drawn through the catheter 3 of the device and further centrally through its cham- ber 8.
  • Alternative or additional guiding aids are shown in figures 7, 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 7 shows in a section a mode of execution of the device according to the invention which spontaneously seeks its way through somewhat curved structures.
  • the chamber 8 here constitutes a part of an elongated spool shaped body 20 outwardly mainly limited by a surface of revolution.
  • the connection 21 of the catheter 3 to the body 20 at the bottom of the chamber 8 is articulated or at least so weak that the body 20 easily can be leaned somewhat in relation to the catheter.
  • the connection part may for instance contain a crank hose which has been wound with a thin metal wire 22 in order to sustain the overpressure which the process needs.
  • the front part of the body 20 is at the outside equipped with longitudinal grooves 23, however not in the edge 12 of the chamber, which has the form of a smooth ring with a rounded cross-section.
  • This phenomenon acts centering upon the front part of the body whereby the body seeks its way through the gel in the bent, occluded blood vessel.
  • the body In order to be able to follow narrower curves or choose the right way at a branching the body must have aids that facilitate active operation from outside.
  • the body 20 is provided with aids for X-ray observation of its place and attitude in the blood vessel and also with externally controllable means for the movement and turning of the body 20.
  • the word attitude has reference to three angles deciding the direction of the body (compare the "roll”, "pitch” and "heading" of the airplanes).
  • the observation aids are implemented according to prior art, for instance with radiopaque small markers which may constitute part of the surface of the body 20 and which together with the X-ray shadow of the body 20 itself give the desired information.
  • the information may be translated with the aid of a computer so that the three attitude angles are possible to read directly.
  • the place in the blood vessel of the body is mainly one-dimensional and may therefore be controlled (and also read from outside) via the position of the catheter 3.
  • the roll angle of the body may likewise be controlled directly with the catheter 3 if this has been made sufficiently stiff for torsion.
  • the body 20 may also be equipped for guiding of the "head- ing" and/or "pitch".
  • Figure 8 shows in a vertical cross-section a simple mode of execution with an asymmetry.
  • the body 24 is hollow and essentially defined by surfaces of revolution except that at least the front part of its chamber 8 has an oblique design.
  • the catheter 3 has an attachment 25 in the bottom of the chamber which attachment is stiff for turning around the longitudinal axis of the catheter 3 but articulated around an axis 26 which is perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the body (the plane of the paper). Due to the fact that the front of the chamber 8 is oblique also the large whirl 15 is oblique inside its edge 12.
  • the surface of the gel 10 becomes oblique. This results in the course of the body 24 being turned downwards. If it is desired that the course of the body through the gel 10 instead is bent upwards one lets the body roll 180° with the aid of the catheter 3. If, on the other hand it is desired to guide the body laterally one rolls the body 90° etc.
  • the de- scribed device always follows a curved path. If it is desired to let it move straight ahead one has to parry by turning the body 24 with the catheter 3 forwards and backwards or by giving it a constant rotation. This may be done manually or by a motor.
  • the device is simple but does not manage sharply curved vessels. For that purpose more guiding means must be established.
  • Figure 9 shows in a horizontal cross section an example of a mode of execution of the invention where, with the aid of the catheter 3, the attitude angles of the body are guided, not only by rolling it in said manner but also by manoeu- vering a certain kind of rudder so that for instance also its "heading" may be guided directly.
  • the catheter 3 has the same type of attachment 25 with an axis 26, which has just been described. The axis is perpendicular to the cross section in the figure. Except with the chamber 8 the catheter 3 is in connection with two oval small balloons 28, 29 laid into the body each on one side of the catheter. Its connection 30 with the balloon 28 is very narrow. Its connection 31 with a balloon 29 is wide.
  • As guiding means serves a mar- ginal change of the pressure with which the catheter 3 is supplied.
  • the same pressure prevails in both the balloons. If the pressure suddenly increases, balloon 29 at once takes the new pressure while the balloon 28 keeps the old lower pressure for a time. This leads to the body 27 with its chamber 8 being guided in the direction of the arrow 32 (to the right).
  • By a sud- den decrease of the pressure it is possible to guide to the left in a corresponding way. If it instead is desired to guide upwards or downwards the catheter is turned 90° and a pressure increase is applied etc. If the described method is not sufficient for the wanted heading correction the same is repeated periodically while rolling the body 27 180° between every change of pressure.
  • the process and devices according to the invention are supposed to find many uses. Beyond the clearing of occluded anatomical tubular structures such as arteries and veins one may imagine application within the dental care, above all removal of infected or otherwise sick parts in and in the neighbourhood of teeth, for instance plaque. Since almost all body tissue has the character of a gel certain tumours and enlarged organs, such as prostate, should be able to be reduced or eliminated. The process can attack healthy tissue but acts faster upon unhealthy, less well structured tissue. This quality may in itself motivate a number of applications. The situation that not only free radicals but also hydrochloric acid may be created in the process explains further that this process may be useful for dissolving for instance stones in the kidneys and calcified parts of blood vessels.
  • the invention may be useful, for instance within cosmetics, food technology and surface sterilization (the process is according to tests heavily germicidal).
  • the last mentioned application concerns all kinds of surfaces where germs cause a covering, for instance skin or surfaces with germ contamination in hospitals, dairies, ships, pipes and pools, also in a radioactive environment.
  • the invention may further be utilized at clearing of heat exchangers and evaporators.
  • the present invention concerns all applications where the process leads to an advantage.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et une configuration permettant la dispersion chimique d'un gel. Dans une chambre (8), que l'on maintient remplie d'une solution aqueuse, des radicaux libres contenant de l'oxygène sont produits. Cette chambre est pourvue d'une ouverture (9) qui est amenée en avant vers le gel (10). La solution aqueuse est fournie sous pression par un tuyau d'étranglement (6). Les tourbillons remontent en portant de nouveaux radicaux libres en contact avec le gel qui se voit ainsi dispersé dans un colloïde et sort de la chambre par une étroite ouverture (11) le long du bord de l'ouverture de la chambre. Le tuyau est dirigé de manière à ce que la forme du flux, à l'intérieur, ne puisse heurter le gel directement et le fragmenter mécaniquement. Les radicaux libres peuvent être produits dans la chambre de nombreuses façons différentes. La mesure la plus simple pour ce faire consiste à élever la pression en amont du tuyau (6), de manière à provoquer une forte turbulence associée à une cavitation. En vue de disperser une coagulation de sang, la chambre est conçue en forme de tiroir formée par un corps pourvu d'un organe permettant le guidage dans des vaisseaux sanguins courbes.
PCT/SE2001/001892 2000-09-05 2001-09-05 Procede et appareil de dispersion chimique d'un gel dans une structure organique Ceased WO2002019927A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001284592A AU2001284592A1 (en) 2000-09-05 2001-09-05 Method and device for chemical dispersion of a gel in an organic structure

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0003116A SE522810C2 (sv) 2000-09-05 2000-09-05 Metod och anordning för kemisk dispergering av en gel i en organisk struktur
SE0003116-1 2000-09-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002019927A1 true WO2002019927A1 (fr) 2002-03-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2001/001892 Ceased WO2002019927A1 (fr) 2000-09-05 2001-09-05 Procede et appareil de dispersion chimique d'un gel dans une structure organique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001284592A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE522810C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002019927A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021054933A1 (fr) * 2019-09-16 2021-03-25 Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. Système de microcavitation, dispositif et ensemble sonde ultrasonore permettant de générer une microcavitation directionnelle

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0316796A2 (fr) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-24 DON MICHAEL, T., Anthony Sonde ultrasonique pour cathéter intravasculaire pour traiter un blockage intravasculaire
US5498236A (en) * 1992-05-19 1996-03-12 Dubrul; Will R. Vibrating catheter
US5836940A (en) * 1994-10-25 1998-11-17 Latis, Inc. Photoacoustic drug delivery
US6001069A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-12-14 Ekos Corporation Ultrasound catheter for providing a therapeutic effect to a vessel of a body

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0316796A2 (fr) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-24 DON MICHAEL, T., Anthony Sonde ultrasonique pour cathéter intravasculaire pour traiter un blockage intravasculaire
US5498236A (en) * 1992-05-19 1996-03-12 Dubrul; Will R. Vibrating catheter
US5836940A (en) * 1994-10-25 1998-11-17 Latis, Inc. Photoacoustic drug delivery
US6001069A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-12-14 Ekos Corporation Ultrasound catheter for providing a therapeutic effect to a vessel of a body

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021054933A1 (fr) * 2019-09-16 2021-03-25 Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. Système de microcavitation, dispositif et ensemble sonde ultrasonore permettant de générer une microcavitation directionnelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0003116D0 (sv) 2000-09-05
SE0003116L (sv) 2002-03-06
AU2001284592A1 (en) 2002-03-22
SE522810C2 (sv) 2004-03-09

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