WO2002016745A2 - Method for knock recognition in an internal combustion engine and corresponding device - Google Patents
Method for knock recognition in an internal combustion engine and corresponding device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002016745A2 WO2002016745A2 PCT/DE2001/002310 DE0102310W WO0216745A2 WO 2002016745 A2 WO2002016745 A2 WO 2002016745A2 DE 0102310 W DE0102310 W DE 0102310W WO 0216745 A2 WO0216745 A2 WO 0216745A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
- G01L23/225—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines circuit arrangements therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for knock detection for an internal combustion engine and a corresponding device.
- a method and a corresponding device for knock detection for an internal combustion engine are already known, signals for knock detection from the combustion chamber being detected within a certain time window.
- signals for knock detection from the combustion chamber being detected within a certain time window.
- Such signals can be optical signals, sound signals, pressure signals, light signals, electrical signals (for example from ion current measurement) or temperature signals.
- the measures listed in the subclaims advantageously make further developments and improvements of the method and the device specified in the independent claim possible. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the shifting of the time window for the detection of signals at different signal sources, since the signals of different signal sources are affected by the different flammability and the different behavior when the fuel / air mixture burns through. It is furthermore advantageous to shift the time window as a whole, ie the start of the time window or the end of the time window, depending on the air ratio ⁇ , since in a first approximation the knocking event occurs with a time shift.
- the length of the time window in which knocking events occur is influenced by the air ratio ⁇ , so that it is advantageous that the length of the time window is also changed when the time window is shifted. It is also beneficial that the values for the shift in the beginning and / or the end of the time window and / or the change in the size of the time window are stored as characteristic diagrams in the memory unit of a microcomputer, since this enables quick and easy access to the data. It is also advantageous that the start of the time window and / or the end of the time window and / or the duration of the time window are contained in characteristic diagrams, the areas of which are assigned load and / or speed ranges, in the memory unit of the microcomputer. Here too, quick and easy access to the data is possible.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a device for knock detection for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 a device according to the invention for knock detection of an internal combustion engine is shown, which is described below.
- This device according to the invention is able to carry out the method according to the invention for knock detection for an internal combustion engine.
- the Knock sensors detect both signals from the combustion chamber of the cylinders and signals in the vicinity of the cylinders, and they can be arranged both in the combustion chamber and outside the combustion chamber.
- Such sensors are, for example, pressure sensors for the combustion chamber pressure, ion current detections, acceleration sensors, optical sensors, microphones or piezoceramic sensors, which are attached, for example, in the cylinder head screw, the screw on the crankshaft main bearing, the spark plug, in the cylinder head gasket or on the engine block.
- several knock sensors of the same type are provided, although it is also possible to provide only one knock sensor. A combination of different types of knock sensors is also conceivable.
- the signals detected by the knock sensors are converted into electrical signals by the knock sensors 11, 12,... In and passed on to an evaluation circuit 20.
- a multiplexer 21 is initially provided in the evaluation circuit 20, to which the signals of the individual knock sensors 11, 12,..., In are passed on.
- the signal of a specific, definable knock sensor is selected by the multiplexer. This selection is controlled by the control unit 31 of the microcomputer 30, which is connected to the multiplexer 21.
- the output signal of the multiplexer 21 is then passed on to an amplifier 23 in the evaluation circuit 20 and amplified there in accordance with the requirements of the further evaluation.
- This amplified signal is then passed on to a bandpass filter 25, which selects a specific frequency band from the amplified signal.
- the bandpass filter 25 thereby becomes a frequency band selected in which there are characteristic frequencies for knocking. This bandpass filtering can effectively block out interference signals that are in a different area.
- the bandpass-filtered signal is passed on from the bandpass filter 25 to the rectifier 27 and rectified in the rectifier 27.
- the rectified signal is then integrated by means of an integrator 29, so that a signal is now available which is characteristic of the intensity of knocking in a specific cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
- the signal transmitted by the rectifier is only integrated during a specific time window, the time window, which is also called the measurement window, comprising a time period which is characteristic of the occurrence of knock signals. By selecting the time window, interference signals can be suppressed in the same way as for the selection of the frequency band.
- the time window is specified by the control unit 31 of the microcomputer 30, the control unit 31 being connected to the integrator 29.
- the integrated signal obtained in the evaluation circuit 20, hereinafter also referred to as a knock signal, is then passed on to a microcomputer 30, wherein it is first converted into a digital signal by means of an analog / digital converter (A / D converter) 33.
- the digital knock signal is forwarded to a knock detection unit 35, which is also contained in the microcomputer 30.
- the knock detection unit 35 the digitized knock signal is compared with a knock detection threshold value.
- Knock detection unit 35 the knock detection threshold from a memory unit 37, which is also provided in the microcomputer 30. In a simple embodiment then a knock detected by the knock detection unit 35 when the digitized knock signal
- Knock detection threshold is not exceeded, so the detects
- Knock detection unit 35 that no knock has occurred.
- the current digitized knock signal is currently UJJJT m ⁇ a reference value UREF a ⁇ - of the respective current cylinder is compared.
- the comparison includes the determination of a relative knock intensity RKI, which results as the quotient of the current knock signal and the cylinder-specific reference value: jf vr _ INT, current u REF. Old
- the relative knock intensity RKI is then in the knock detection unit 35 with a
- Knock detection threshold compared. Again, knocking is detected by the relative knock intensity RKI when the knock detection threshold value is exceeded.
- the knock detection threshold value is again provided by the memory unit 37.
- the cylinder 37 provides a cylinder-specific knock detection threshold value for the current cylinder.
- the cylinder-specific reference value UREF is required to calculate the relative knock intensity RKI, continuously based on the current operating state of the
- a cylinder recognition unit 40 is provided in the internal combustion engine, with the aid of which it can be recognized in which cylinder combustion is currently taking place.
- the cylinder recognition and assignment is preferably carried out using crankshaft sensors or camshaft sensors.
- the information ascertained by the cylinder recognition unit 40 about the cylinder in which a combustion process is currently taking place is passed on both to the knock recognition unit 35 and to the memory unit 37 and a control unit 31 for the evaluation circuit 20, which is also contained in microcomputer 30.
- Knock detection unit 35 the information about the current cylinder is required to provide the cylinder-specific reference value for calculating the relative knock intensity RKI.
- the information about the current cylinder is used to pass on the knock detection threshold corresponding to the current cylinder to the knock detection unit 35.
- the bandpass filter 25 of the evaluation circuit 20 is connected to the control unit 31, the pass band of the bandpass filter 25 being controlled by the control unit 31.
- a speed sensor 50 is also provided in the internal combustion engine, which measures the current speed of the internal combustion engine. Sensors that are attached to the crankshaft are preferably used to measure the rotational speed. The information about the speed is passed on from the speed sensor 50 to the control unit 31 for the evaluation circuit.
- the method for knock control according to the invention is now designed in such a way that the time window in which the integrator 29 of the evaluation circuit 20 integrates the signal received by the rectifier 27 changes depending on the realized air ratio in the respective current cylinder.
- the air ratio in a cylinder is defined as the ratio of the actual amount of air in the respective cylinder and the amount of air that is required in the respective cylinder for stoichiometric combustion. This is particularly relevant in internal combustion engines with gasoline direct injection, in which in some operating modes the vehicle is operated with very lean mixtures, ie the air ratio ⁇ is greater than 1. Such operating modes are, for example, the stratified operating mode or the homogeneous / lean operating mode.
- the operating modes that are operated with a homogeneous mixture can also have air ratios ⁇ that deviate from 1.
- the differences in the air conditions result in the ignition angle being shifted, since the flammability of the mixture depends on the air ratio ⁇ .
- knocking events are expected in a different period of time than with an air ratio ⁇ of 1. Since the blowing behavior is also changed with different air ratios ⁇ , the shift in the period in which knocking events are expected is not proportional to the shift in the ignition angle with respect to the air ratio ⁇ . So it’s important to keep the time window in which the integrator 29 integrates the signal coming from the rectifier 27, depending on the air ratio ⁇ realized in the respective cylinder.
- the shift in the time window is calculated by the microcomputer 30 and passed on by the control unit 31 to the integrator 29.
- the calculation of the respective air ratio ⁇ realized in the respective cylinder takes place in the torque structure of the microcomputer 30.
- the torque structure calculates the fuel quantity to be injected into the respective cylinder from a driver's desired torque, which in turn results from the accelerator pedal position. This is particularly dependent on the operating mode used, which also u. a. is selected based on the driver's desired torque.
- the following operating modes can be implemented: homogeneous operation, homogeneous / lean operation, shift operation and shift operation with heating. Other operating modes are conceivable.
- a shift in the start of the time window is read out from a characteristic curve contained in the storage unit 37 depending on the air ratio ⁇ .
- This characteristic curve is divided into individual areas with respect to the air ratio ⁇ , each area having a value for a shift in the start of the time window.
- a value for the start of the time window is read out from a further map in the microcomputer 30 depending on the current load and / or the current speed. This map is divided into individual areas with respect to the load and / or the speed and each area is a value for the start of the time window assigned.
- the value for the start of the time window from the load / speed-dependent characteristic map is added to the lambda-dependent displacement value for the start of the time window from the ⁇ -dependent characteristic curve.
- the start of the time window for the knock signal in the respective cylinder results from this sum.
- the size of the time window is not changed.
- the method described in the previous section can also be used for the end of the time window.
- a value for the end of the time window for determining the knock signal is read out from the storage unit 37 depending on the load and / or the speed.
- a shift in the end of the time window depending on the air ratio ⁇ is read from a further characteristic curve contained in the storage unit 37. Again, both values are added and there is a resulting value for the end of the time window. If the size of the time window is known and not changed, the start of the time window can be calculated from this.
- the size of the time window is also changed.
- a map is stored in the memory unit 37, in which values for the change in the size of the time window are assigned to specific air ratio ranges.
- a value for the change in the size of the time window can now be read out as a function of the respective realized air ratio ⁇ from this map, which is stored in the memory unit 37.
- the size of the time window depends on the speed and / or the load, in which case the map is again stored in the memory unit 37.
- the resulting size of the time window in turn results from the sum of the map value for the size of the time window and from the ⁇ -dependent map value for the change in the size of the time window.
- the end or the beginning of the time window is then adjusted according to the size of the time window, starting from a specific start or end of the time window.
- a change in the size of the time window is advantageous because the flammability of the mixture, which changes due to the change in the air ratio, and the changed blowing behavior also change the length of the period in which knocking events are expected.
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine und entsprechende VorrichtungKnock detection method for an internal combustion engine and corresponding device
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine und einer entsprechenden Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method for knock detection for an internal combustion engine and a corresponding device.
Es ist bereits ein Verfahren und eine entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, wobei innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitfensters Signale zur Klopferkennung aus dem Brennraum erfasst werden. Derartige Signale können optische Signale, Schallsignale, Drucksignale, Lichtsignale, elektrische Signale (beispielsweise aus der Ionenstrommessung) oder Temperatursignale sein.A method and a corresponding device for knock detection for an internal combustion engine are already known, signals for knock detection from the combustion chamber being detected within a certain time window. Such signals can be optical signals, sound signals, pressure signals, light signals, electrical signals (for example from ion current measurement) or temperature signals.
Aus der Druckschrift DE 197 55 256 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem zur Klopferkennung ein Ionenstromsigal innerhalb eines Zeitfensters erfasst wird, wobei bei einer Veränderung des Zündzeitpunkts dieses Zeitfenster in einem vorgegebenen zeitlichen Abstand zu dem Zündzeitpunkt nachgeführt wird.From document DE 197 55 256 AI, a method for knock detection for an internal combustion engine is known, in which an ion current signal is detected within a time window for knock detection, this time window being tracked at a predetermined time interval from the ignition time when the ignition time changes.
Vorteile der Erfindung Das erfindungsgermäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche haben demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass die unterschiedliche Entflammbarkeit und das unterschiedliche Verhalten bei der Durchbrennung des Kraftstoff-/Luftgemischs im Brennraum bei der Klopferkennung für Betriebszustände und Betriebsarten berücksichtigt wird, bei denen das Luftverhältnis λ geändert ist. Beispielsweise ist bei mageren Gemischen (λ > 1) die Entflammbarkeit des Gemischs schlechter und die Durchbrennung erfolgt langsamer. Entsprechend treten Klopfereignisse in einem anderen Zeitraum nach der Entzündung auf. Dies ist insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen mit Benzindirekteinspritzung von Bedeutung.Advantages of the invention The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention with the features of the independent claims have the advantage that the different flammability and the different behavior when the fuel / air mixture burns in the combustion chamber when knocking is taken into account for operating states and operating modes in which the air ratio is taken into account λ is changed. For example, in the case of lean mixtures (λ> 1) the flammability of the mixture is poorer and the burning takes place more slowly. Accordingly, knocking events occur in a different period after the inflammation. This is particularly important for internal combustion engines with gasoline direct injection.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhaft Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im unabhängigen Anspruch angegebenen Verfahrens und der im unabhängigen Anspruch angegebenen Vorrichtung möglich. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, die Verschiebung des Zeitfensters für die Erfassung von Signalen bei verschiedenen Signalquellen durchzuführen, da die Signale verschiedener Signalquellen durch die unterschiedliche Entflammbarkeit und das unterschiedliche Verhalten beim Durchbrennen des Kraftstoff-/Luftgemischs betroffen sind. Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, das Zeitfenster als Ganzes, d.h. der Beginn des Zeitfensters oder das Ende des Zeitfensters, abhängig von dem LuftVerhältnis λ zu verschieben, da in erster Näherung das Klopfereignis zeitlich verschoben auftritt. In zweiter Näherung wird die Länge des Zeitfensters, in dem Klopfereignisse auftreten, durch das Luftverhältnis λ beeinflusst, so dass es vorteilhaft ist, dass bei der Verschiebung des Zeitfensters auch die Länge des Zeitfensters verändert wird. Es ist ebenfalls vorteilhaft, dass die Werte für die Verschiebung des Beginns und/oder das Ende des Zeitfensters und/oder die Veränderung der Größe des Zeitfensters als Kennfelder in der Speichereinheit eines Mikrocomputers abgelegt sind, da so ein schneller und einfacher Zugriff auf die Daten möglich ist . Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin, dass der Beginn des Zeitfensters und/oder das Ende des Zeitfensters und/oder die Dauer des Zeitfensters in Kennfeldern, deren Bereiche Last- und/oder Drehzahlbereichen zugeordnet sind, in der Speichereinheit des Mikrocomputers enthalten sind. Auch hier ist wiederum ein schneller und einfacher Zugriff auf die Daten möglich.The measures listed in the subclaims advantageously make further developments and improvements of the method and the device specified in the independent claim possible. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the shifting of the time window for the detection of signals at different signal sources, since the signals of different signal sources are affected by the different flammability and the different behavior when the fuel / air mixture burns through. It is furthermore advantageous to shift the time window as a whole, ie the start of the time window or the end of the time window, depending on the air ratio λ, since in a first approximation the knocking event occurs with a time shift. In a second approximation, the length of the time window in which knocking events occur is influenced by the air ratio λ, so that it is advantageous that the length of the time window is also changed when the time window is shifted. It is also beneficial that the values for the shift in the beginning and / or the end of the time window and / or the change in the size of the time window are stored as characteristic diagrams in the memory unit of a microcomputer, since this enables quick and easy access to the data. It is also advantageous that the start of the time window and / or the end of the time window and / or the duration of the time window are contained in characteristic diagrams, the areas of which are assigned load and / or speed ranges, in the memory unit of the microcomputer. Here too, quick and easy access to the data is possible.
Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung zu entnehmen.Further advantageous developments and improvements can be found in the following description.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der einzigen Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert . Die einzige Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine .Embodiments of the invention are shown in the single drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. The only FIG. 1 shows schematically a device for knock detection for an internal combustion engine.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
In der einzigen Figur, Figur 1, ist eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Klopferkennung einer Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt, die im Weiteren beschrieben wird. Diese erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in der Lage, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Klopferkennung für eine Brennkraftmaschine durchzuführe .In the single figure, FIG. 1, a device according to the invention for knock detection of an internal combustion engine is shown, which is described below. This device according to the invention is able to carry out the method according to the invention for knock detection for an internal combustion engine.
Mittels der Klopfsensoren 11, 12 bis In ist es möglich, Signale, die aufgrund der in den Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine (hier nicht dargestellt) stattfindenden Verbrennung entstehen, zu erfassen. Dabei können die Klopfsensoren sowohl Signale aus dem Brennraum der Zylinder als auch Signale in der Nähe der Zylinder erfassen, wobei sie sowohl im Brennraum als auch außerhalb des Brennraums angeordnet sein können. Derartige Sensoren sind beispielsweise Druckaufnehmer für den Brennraumdruck, Ionenstromerfassungen, Beschleunigungsaufnehmer, optische Sensoren, Mikrofone oder piezokeramische Sensoren, die beispielsweise in der Zylinderkopfschraube, der Schraube am Kurbelwellen-Hauptlager, der Zündkerze, in der Zylinderkopfdichtung oder am Motorblock angebracht sind. In den meisten heute hergestellten Brennkraftmaschinen sind mehrere Klopfsensoren gleicher Art vorgesehen, wobei es jedoch auch möglich ist, lediglich einen Klopfsensor vorzusehen. Eine Kombination verschiedener Klopfsensorarten ist ebenfalls denkbar.Knock sensors 11, 12 to In make it possible to detect signals which arise due to the combustion taking place in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine (not shown here). The Knock sensors detect both signals from the combustion chamber of the cylinders and signals in the vicinity of the cylinders, and they can be arranged both in the combustion chamber and outside the combustion chamber. Such sensors are, for example, pressure sensors for the combustion chamber pressure, ion current detections, acceleration sensors, optical sensors, microphones or piezoceramic sensors, which are attached, for example, in the cylinder head screw, the screw on the crankshaft main bearing, the spark plug, in the cylinder head gasket or on the engine block. In most internal combustion engines manufactured today, several knock sensors of the same type are provided, although it is also possible to provide only one knock sensor. A combination of different types of knock sensors is also conceivable.
Die von den Klopfsensoren erfassten Signale werden durch die Klopfsensoren 11, 12, ... In in elektrische Signale umgewandelt und an eine Auswerteschaltung 20 weitergeleitet. In der Auswerteschaltung 20 ist zunächst ein Multiplexer 21 vorgesehen, an den die Signale der einzelnen Klopfsensoren 11, 12, -.., In weiter geleitet werden. Dabei wird, abhängig von jeweiligen Zylinder, bei dem aktuell eine Verbrennung stattfindet und somit auch eine Klopfsignal zu erwarten ist, das Signal eines bestimmten, festlegbaren Klopfsensors durch den Multiplexer ausgewählt . Diese Auswahl wird durch die Ansteuereinheit 31 des Mikrocomputers 30 gesteuert, die mit dem Multiplexer 21 verbunden ist. Das Ausgangssignal des Multiplexers 21 wird anschließend in der Auswerteschaltung 20 an einen Verstärker 23 weiter gegeben und dort entsprechend der Anforderungen der weiteren Auswertung verstärkt . Dieses verstärkte Signal wird anschließend an einen Bandpassfilter 25 weiter gegeben, der ein bestimmtes Frequenzband aus dem verstärkten Signal selektiert . Dabei wird durch den Bandpassfilter 25 ein Frequenzband ausgewählt, in dem für das Klopfen charakteristische Frequenzen liegen. Durch diese Bandpassfilterung können Störsignale, die in einem anderen Bereich liegen, effektiv ausgeblendet werden.The signals detected by the knock sensors are converted into electrical signals by the knock sensors 11, 12,... In and passed on to an evaluation circuit 20. A multiplexer 21 is initially provided in the evaluation circuit 20, to which the signals of the individual knock sensors 11, 12,..., In are passed on. Depending on the particular cylinder in which combustion is currently taking place and a knock signal is therefore also to be expected, the signal of a specific, definable knock sensor is selected by the multiplexer. This selection is controlled by the control unit 31 of the microcomputer 30, which is connected to the multiplexer 21. The output signal of the multiplexer 21 is then passed on to an amplifier 23 in the evaluation circuit 20 and amplified there in accordance with the requirements of the further evaluation. This amplified signal is then passed on to a bandpass filter 25, which selects a specific frequency band from the amplified signal. The bandpass filter 25 thereby becomes a frequency band selected in which there are characteristic frequencies for knocking. This bandpass filtering can effectively block out interference signals that are in a different area.
Das bandpassgefilterte Signal wird von dem Bandpass ilter 25 an den Gleichrichter 27 weitergegeben und in dem Gleichrichter 27 gleichgerichtet. Das gleichgerichtete Signal wird anschließend mittels eines Integrators 29 integriert, so dass nun ein Signal zur Verfügung steht, das charakteristisch für die Intensität des Klopfens in einem bestimmten Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine ist . Dabei wird die Integration des vom Gleichrichter übertragenen Signals nur während eines bestimmten Zeitfensters vorgenommen, wobei das Zeitfenster, das auch Messfenster genannt wird, eine Zeitspanne umfasst, die charakteristisch für das Auftreten von KlopfSignalen ist . Durch die Auswahl des Zeitfensters können analog zur Auswahl des Frequenzbands Störsignale ausgeblendet werden. Das Zeitfenster wird dabei von der Ansteuereinheit 31 des Mikrocomputers 30 vorgegeben, wobei die Ansteuereinheit 31 mit dem Integrator 29 verbunden ist.The bandpass-filtered signal is passed on from the bandpass filter 25 to the rectifier 27 and rectified in the rectifier 27. The rectified signal is then integrated by means of an integrator 29, so that a signal is now available which is characteristic of the intensity of knocking in a specific cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The signal transmitted by the rectifier is only integrated during a specific time window, the time window, which is also called the measurement window, comprising a time period which is characteristic of the occurrence of knock signals. By selecting the time window, interference signals can be suppressed in the same way as for the selection of the frequency band. The time window is specified by the control unit 31 of the microcomputer 30, the control unit 31 being connected to the integrator 29.
Das in der Auswerteschaltung 20 erhaltene integrierte Signal, im Weiteren auch Klopfsignal genannt, wird anschließend an einen Mikrocomputer 30 weitergegeben, wobei es zunächst mittels eines Analog-/Digitalwandlers (A/D Wandler) 33 in ein digitales Signal umgewandelt wird. Das digitale Klopfsignal wird weiter geleitet zu einer Klopferkennungseinheit 35, die ebenfalls im Mikrocomputer 30 enthalten ist. In der Klopferkennungseinheit 35 wird das digitalisierte Klopfsignal mit einem Klopferkennungs- schwellwert verglichen. Dabei erhält dieThe integrated signal obtained in the evaluation circuit 20, hereinafter also referred to as a knock signal, is then passed on to a microcomputer 30, wherein it is first converted into a digital signal by means of an analog / digital converter (A / D converter) 33. The digital knock signal is forwarded to a knock detection unit 35, which is also contained in the microcomputer 30. In the knock detection unit 35, the digitized knock signal is compared with a knock detection threshold value. The
Klopferkennungseinheit 35 die Klopferkennungsschwelle aus einer Speichereinheit 37, die ebenfalls im Mikrocomputer 30 vorgesehen ist . In einem einfachen Ausführungsbeispiel wird dann ein Klopfen durch die Klopferkennungseinheit 35 erkannt, wenn das digitalisierte Klopfsignal dieKnock detection unit 35, the knock detection threshold from a memory unit 37, which is also provided in the microcomputer 30. In a simple embodiment then a knock detected by the knock detection unit 35 when the digitized knock signal
Klopferkennungsschwelle überschreitet . Wird dieKnock detection threshold exceeded. Will the
Klopferkennungsschwelle nicht überschritten, so erkennt dieKnock detection threshold is not exceeded, so the detects
Klopferkennungseinheit 35, dass kein Klopfen aufgetreten ist .Knock detection unit 35 that no knock has occurred.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird das aktuelle digitalisierte Klopfsignal UJJJT aktuell m^ einem Referenzwert UREF a ^- des jeweiligen aktuellen Zylinders verglichen. Der Vergleich beinhaltet die Ermittlung einer relativen Klopfintensitat RKI, die sich als Quotient aus dem aktuellen Klopfsignal und dem zylinderindividuellen Referenzwert ergibt : jf v-r _ INT, aktuell u REF.altIn a further preferred embodiment, the current digitized knock signal is currently UJJJT m ^ a reference value UREF a ^ - of the respective current cylinder is compared. The comparison includes the determination of a relative knock intensity RKI, which results as the quotient of the current knock signal and the cylinder-specific reference value: jf vr _ INT, current u REF. Old
Die relative Klopfintensität RKI wird anschließend in der Klopferkennungseinheit 35 mit einemThe relative knock intensity RKI is then in the knock detection unit 35 with a
Klopferkennungsschwellwert verglichen. Wiederum wird bei Überschreiten des Klopferkennungsschwellwerts durch die relative Klopfintensität RKI ein Klopfen erkannt. Auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Klopferkennungsschwellwert wiederum durch die Speichereinheit 37 bereitgestellt. In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird dabei durch die Speichereinheit 37 ein zylinderindividueller Klopferkennungsschwellwert für den aktuellen Zylinder bereitgestellt .Knock detection threshold compared. Again, knocking is detected by the relative knock intensity RKI when the knock detection threshold value is exceeded. In this exemplary embodiment too, the knock detection threshold value is again provided by the memory unit 37. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the cylinder 37 provides a cylinder-specific knock detection threshold value for the current cylinder.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der zylinderindividuelle Referenzwert UREF lt' ^er zur Berechnung der relativen Klopfintensität RKI benötigt wird, laufend an den aktuellen Betriebszustand derIn a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the cylinder-specific reference value UREF is required to calculate the relative knock intensity RKI, continuously based on the current operating state of the
Brennkraftmaschine angepasst . Dies geschieht mit Hilfe eines Nachführfaktors N, mit dessen Hilfe ein neuer zylinderindividueller Referenzwert UREF neu berechnet wird, in dem das aktuelle Klopfsignal Ujj'j aktuell berücksichtigt wird. Die Berechung des neuen zylinderindividuellen Referenzwerts UREF neu erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels folgender Gleichung:Internal combustion engine adapted. This is done using a Nachführfaktors N, with the aid of a new cylinder-individual reference value U REF is recalculated in which the current knock signal Ujj ' j is currently taken into account. The new cylinder-specific reference value UREF new is preferably calculated using the following equation:
_ N-1 J__ N-1 J_
U REF,neu ~ ^ - X ^ REF , alt "*" ^ X ^ INT .aktuell • U REF, new ~ ^ - X ^ REF, old " * " ^ X ^ INT. Current •
Um zu erkennen, in welchem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine gerade eine Verbrennung stattfindet, d.h. ein Klopfen auftreten kann, ist in der Brennkraftmaschine eine Zylindererkennungseinheit 40 vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe erkannt werden kann, in welchem Zylinder gerade eine Verbrennung stattfindet. Die Zylindererkennung und -Zuordnung erfolgt vorzugsweise anhand von Kurbelwellengebern oder Νockenwellengebern. Die von der Zylindererkennungseinheit 40 ermittelten Informationen über den Zylinder, bei dem aktuell ein Verbrennungsvorgang stattfindet, werden sowohl an die Klopferkennungseinheit 35 als auch an die Speichereinheit 37 und einer, ebenfalls in Mikrocomputer 30 enthaltenen Ansteuereinheit 31 für die Auswerteschaltung 20 weitergegeben. In derIn order to recognize in which cylinder of the internal combustion engine a combustion is taking place, i.e. knocking can occur, a cylinder recognition unit 40 is provided in the internal combustion engine, with the aid of which it can be recognized in which cylinder combustion is currently taking place. The cylinder recognition and assignment is preferably carried out using crankshaft sensors or camshaft sensors. The information ascertained by the cylinder recognition unit 40 about the cylinder in which a combustion process is currently taking place is passed on both to the knock recognition unit 35 and to the memory unit 37 and a control unit 31 for the evaluation circuit 20, which is also contained in microcomputer 30. In the
Klopferkennungseinheit 35 werden die Informationen über den aktuellen Zylinder dazu benötigt, den zylinderindividuellen Referenzwert zur Berechnung der relativen Klopfintensität RKI bereitzustellen. In der Speichereinheit 37 werden die Informationen über den aktuellen Zylinder dazu benutzt, die dem aktuellen Zylinder entsprechende Klopferkennungsschwelle an die Klopferkennungseinheit 35 weiterzugeben.Knock detection unit 35, the information about the current cylinder is required to provide the cylinder-specific reference value for calculating the relative knock intensity RKI. In the storage unit 37, the information about the current cylinder is used to pass on the knock detection threshold corresponding to the current cylinder to the knock detection unit 35.
Der Bandpassfilter 25 der Auswerteschaltung 20 ist mit der Ansteuereinheit 31 verbunden, wobei der Durchlassbereich des Bandpassfilters 25 von der Ansteuereinheit 31 gesteuert wird. In der Brennkraftmaschine ist weiterhin ein Drehzahlsensor 50 vorgesehen, der die aktuelle Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine misst. Vorzugsweise werden zur Messung der Drehzahl Sensoren, die an der Kurbelwelle angebracht sind, genutzt. Die Information über die Drehzahl wird vom Drehzahlsensor 50 an die Ansteuereinheit 31 für die Auswerteschaltung weitergegeben.The bandpass filter 25 of the evaluation circuit 20 is connected to the control unit 31, the pass band of the bandpass filter 25 being controlled by the control unit 31. A speed sensor 50 is also provided in the internal combustion engine, which measures the current speed of the internal combustion engine. Sensors that are attached to the crankshaft are preferably used to measure the rotational speed. The information about the speed is passed on from the speed sensor 50 to the control unit 31 for the evaluation circuit.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Klopfregelung ist nun derart gestaltet, dass das Zeitfenster, in dem der Integrator 29 der Auswerteschaltung 20 das vom Gleichrichter 27 empfangene Signal integriert, abhängig von dem realisierten LuftVerhältnis in dem jeweiligen aktuellen Zylinder verändert . Dabei ist das Luftverhältnis in einem Zylinder definiert als Verhältnis aus der tatsächlichen Luftmenge im jeweiligen Zylinder und der Luftmenge, die im jeweiligen Zylinder für eine stöchiometrische Verbrennung benötigt wird. Dies ist insbesondere relevant bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Benzindirekteinspritzung, bei denen in manchen Betriebsarten mit sehr mageren Gemischen gefahren wird, d. h. das Luftverhältnis λ ist größer als 1. Derartige Betriebsarten sind beispielsweise die Betriebsart Schichtbetrieb oder die Betriebsart homogen/mager. Auch die Betriebsarten, die mit einem homogenen Gemisch betrieben werden, können Luftverhältnisse λ, die von 1 abweichen, auftreten. Die Unterschiede in den Luftverhältnissen führen dazu, dass der Zündwinkel verschoben wird, da die Entflammbarkeit des Gemischs vom Luftverhältnis λ abhängt . Entsprechend werden Klopfereignisse in einem anderen Zeitraum erwartet als bei einem Luftverhältnis λ von 1. Da bei unterschiedlichen LuftVerhältnissen λ auch das Durchbrennverhalten geändert wird, ist die Verschiebung des Zeitraums, in dem Klopfereignisse erwartet werden, nicht proportional zur Verschiebung des Zündwinkels in Bezug auf das Luftverhältnis λ. Somit ist es wichtig, das Zeitfenster, in dem der Integrator 29 das vom Gleichrichter 27 kommende Signal integriert, abhängig von dem im jeweiligen Zylinder realisierten Luftverhältnis λ zu gestalten. Die Verschiebung des Zeitfensters wird dabei vom Mikrocomputer 30 berechnet und von der Ansteuereinheit 31 an den Integrator 29 weitergegeben.The method for knock control according to the invention is now designed in such a way that the time window in which the integrator 29 of the evaluation circuit 20 integrates the signal received by the rectifier 27 changes depending on the realized air ratio in the respective current cylinder. The air ratio in a cylinder is defined as the ratio of the actual amount of air in the respective cylinder and the amount of air that is required in the respective cylinder for stoichiometric combustion. This is particularly relevant in internal combustion engines with gasoline direct injection, in which in some operating modes the vehicle is operated with very lean mixtures, ie the air ratio λ is greater than 1. Such operating modes are, for example, the stratified operating mode or the homogeneous / lean operating mode. The operating modes that are operated with a homogeneous mixture can also have air ratios λ that deviate from 1. The differences in the air conditions result in the ignition angle being shifted, since the flammability of the mixture depends on the air ratio λ. Correspondingly, knocking events are expected in a different period of time than with an air ratio λ of 1. Since the blowing behavior is also changed with different air ratios λ, the shift in the period in which knocking events are expected is not proportional to the shift in the ignition angle with respect to the air ratio λ. So it’s important to keep the time window in which the integrator 29 integrates the signal coming from the rectifier 27, depending on the air ratio λ realized in the respective cylinder. The shift in the time window is calculated by the microcomputer 30 and passed on by the control unit 31 to the integrator 29.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Berechnung des jeweiligen, in dem jeweiligen Zylinder realisierten Luftverhältnisses λ in der Momentenstruktur des Mikrocomputers 30. Die Momentenstruktur berechnet aus einem Fahrerwunschmoment, das sich wiederum aus der Gaspedalstellung ergibt, die in den jeweiligen Zylinder einzuspritzende Kraftstoffmenge. Diese ist dabei insbesondere abhängig von der jeweils benutzten Betriebsart, die ebenfalls u. a. anhand des Fahrerwunschmoments ausgewählt wird. Folgende Betriebsarten können dabei realisiert werden: Homogenbetrieb, Homogen-/Magerbetrieb, Schichtbetrieb und Schichtbetrieb mit Katheizen. Weitere Betriebsarten sind denkbar.In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the calculation of the respective air ratio λ realized in the respective cylinder takes place in the torque structure of the microcomputer 30. The torque structure calculates the fuel quantity to be injected into the respective cylinder from a driver's desired torque, which in turn results from the accelerator pedal position. This is particularly dependent on the operating mode used, which also u. a. is selected based on the driver's desired torque. The following operating modes can be implemented: homogeneous operation, homogeneous / lean operation, shift operation and shift operation with heating. Other operating modes are conceivable.
Nach der Berechnung des jeweiligen, im aktuellen Zylinder realisierten Luftverhältnisses λ wird in einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer in der Speichereinheit 37 enthaltenen Kennlinie abhängig von dem Luftverhältnis λ eine Verschiebung des Beginns des Zeitfensters ausgelesen. Diese Kennlinie ist in Bezug auf das LuftVerhältnis λ in einzelne Bereiche unterteilt, wobei jedem Bereich ein Wert für eine Verschiebung des Beginns des Zeitfensters vorhanden ist . Parallel dazu wird im Mikrocomputer 30 abhängig von aktuellen der Last und/oder der aktuellen Drehzahl aus einem weiteren Kennfeld ein Wert für den Beginn des Zeitfensters ausgelesen. Dieses Kennfeld ist im Bezug auf die Last und/oder die Drehzahl in einzelne Bereiche unterteilt und jedem Bereich ist ein Wert für den Beginn des Zeitfensters zugeordnet . In einem sich daran anschließenden Schritt wird der Wert für den Beginn des Zeitfensters aus dem last- /drehzahlabhängigen Kennfeld zu dem lambdaabhängigen Verschiebungswert für den Beginn des Zeitfensters aus der λ-abhängigen Kennlinie addiert. Aus dieser Summe ergibt sich der Beginn des Zeitfensters für das Klopfsignal in dem jeweiligen Zylinder. Die Größe des Zeitfensters wird dabei nicht verändert .After the calculation of the respective air ratio λ realized in the current cylinder, in a preferred exemplary embodiment, a shift in the start of the time window is read out from a characteristic curve contained in the storage unit 37 depending on the air ratio λ. This characteristic curve is divided into individual areas with respect to the air ratio λ, each area having a value for a shift in the start of the time window. At the same time, a value for the start of the time window is read out from a further map in the microcomputer 30 depending on the current load and / or the current speed. This map is divided into individual areas with respect to the load and / or the speed and each area is a value for the start of the time window assigned. In a subsequent step, the value for the start of the time window from the load / speed-dependent characteristic map is added to the lambda-dependent displacement value for the start of the time window from the λ-dependent characteristic curve. The start of the time window for the knock signal in the respective cylinder results from this sum. The size of the time window is not changed.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel kann das im vorigen Abschnitt geschilderte Verfahren auch für das Ende des Zeitfensters angewendet werden. Das bedeutet, dass aus der Speichereinheit 37 abhängig von der Last und/oder der Drehzahl ein Wert für das Ende des Zeitfensters für die Ermittlung des Klopfsignals ausgelesen wird. Aus einer weiteren in der Speichereinheit 37 enthaltenen Kennlinie wird eine Verschiebung des Endes des Zeitfensters abhängig von dem Luftverhältnis λ ausgelesen. Wiederum werden beide Werte addiert und es ergibt sich ein resultierender Wert für das Ende des Zeitfensters. Bei einer bekannten, nicht veränderten Größe des Zeitfensters kann daraus der Beginn des Zeitfensters berechnet werden.In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the method described in the previous section can also be used for the end of the time window. This means that a value for the end of the time window for determining the knock signal is read out from the storage unit 37 depending on the load and / or the speed. A shift in the end of the time window depending on the air ratio λ is read from a further characteristic curve contained in the storage unit 37. Again, both values are added and there is a resulting value for the end of the time window. If the size of the time window is known and not changed, the start of the time window can be calculated from this.
In einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird zusätzlich zu einer Verschiebung des Zeitfensters aufgrund der Verschiebung des Beginns oder des Endes des Zeitfensters auch die Größe des Zeitfensters verändert . Dazu ist in der Speichereinheit 37 ein Kennfeld abgelegt, bei dem Werte für die Veränderung der Größe des Zeitfensters bestimmten Luftverhältnisbereichen zugeordnet sind. Ein Wert für die Veränderung der Größe des Zeitfensters kann nun in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen realisierten Luftverhältnis λ aus diesem Kennfeld, das in der Speichereinheit 37 abgelegt ist, ausgelesen werden. Analog zu den vorher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist in einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel die Größe des Zeitfensters von der Drehzahl und/oder der Last abhängig, wobei in diesem Fall das Kennfeld wiederum in der Speichereinheit 37 abgelegt ist. Die resultierende Größe des Zeitfensters ergibt sich wiederum aus der Summe aus dem Kennfeldwert für die Größe des Zeitfensters und aus dem λ-abhängigen Kennfeldwert für die Veränderung der Größe des Zeitfensters . Das Ende oder der Beginn des Zeitfensters wird dann entsprechend der Größe des Zeitfensters ausgehend von einem bestimmten Beginn bzw. Ende des Zeitfensters angepasst. Eine Veränderung der Größe des Zeitfensters ist deshalb vorteilhaft, da die aufgrund der Änderung des Luftverhältnisses geänderte Entflammbarkeit des Gemischs und des geänderten Durchbrennverhaltens sich ebenfalls die Länge des Zeitraums ändert, indem Klopfereignisse erwartet werden. In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist dabei auch möglich, dass sich die Größe des Zeitfensters verändert, ohne dass der Beginn oder das Ende des Zeitfensters verschoben wird. In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, in addition to a shift in the time window due to the shift in the start or end of the time window, the size of the time window is also changed. For this purpose, a map is stored in the memory unit 37, in which values for the change in the size of the time window are assigned to specific air ratio ranges. A value for the change in the size of the time window can now be read out as a function of the respective realized air ratio λ from this map, which is stored in the memory unit 37. Another embodiment is analogous to the previously described exemplary embodiments preferred embodiment, the size of the time window depends on the speed and / or the load, in which case the map is again stored in the memory unit 37. The resulting size of the time window in turn results from the sum of the map value for the size of the time window and from the λ-dependent map value for the change in the size of the time window. The end or the beginning of the time window is then adjusted according to the size of the time window, starting from a specific start or end of the time window. A change in the size of the time window is advantageous because the flammability of the mixture, which changes due to the change in the air ratio, and the changed blowing behavior also change the length of the period in which knocking events are expected. In a further exemplary embodiment, it is also possible for the size of the time window to change without the start or the end of the time window being shifted.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2000141777 DE10041777A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2000-08-25 | Knock detection method for an internal combustion engine and corresponding device |
| DE10041777.9 | 2000-08-25 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002016745A2 true WO2002016745A2 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| WO2002016745A3 WO2002016745A3 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2001/002310 Ceased WO2002016745A2 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-06-22 | Method for knock recognition in an internal combustion engine and corresponding device |
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| DE (1) | DE10041777A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002016745A2 (en) |
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| US12298155B2 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2025-05-13 | Ams Sensors Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Inductive position sensor device |
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| AT501937B1 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2009-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | METHOD FOR DETECTING AND PREVENTING BURNING COMBUSTION EVENTS |
| DE102007050618B3 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-23 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19755256A1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Engine knock detection method for IC engine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5230316A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1993-07-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting knock in an internal combustion engine |
| WO1999031384A1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-24 | Temic Telefunken Microelectronic Gmbh | Method for measuring ionic current in internal combustion engines and device for measuring ionic current |
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 DE DE2000141777 patent/DE10041777A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2001-06-22 WO PCT/DE2001/002310 patent/WO2002016745A2/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19755256A1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Engine knock detection method for IC engine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12298155B2 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2025-05-13 | Ams Sensors Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Inductive position sensor device |
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| WO2002016745A3 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
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