WO2002014819A1 - Procede de mesure de contrainte dans un element de construction - Google Patents
Procede de mesure de contrainte dans un element de construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002014819A1 WO2002014819A1 PCT/FR2001/002416 FR0102416W WO0214819A1 WO 2002014819 A1 WO2002014819 A1 WO 2002014819A1 FR 0102416 W FR0102416 W FR 0102416W WO 0214819 A1 WO0214819 A1 WO 0214819A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- measurement
- hole
- supply pressure
- displacement
- jack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring stress in a building element. It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the measurement of the residual prestressing in a part of a concrete structure subjected to a bending force due to the load of the structure, and on the other hand to a prestressing force compression.
- a part is typically a prestressed concrete beam.
- a prestressed beam has steel cables stretched between their ends, with sufficient force so that the concrete of the beam is only subjected to compressive stresses, despite the bending forces due to the loads it supports.
- French patent 2,717,576 describes a method for measuring a residual prestress in a reinforced concrete beam which is subjected to a vertical bending force and to a longitudinal compression prestressing force, any section of the beam having a line transverse, called neutral bending axis, along which the bending forces do not generate tensile stress or compression.
- This known method comprises the following stages:
- a hydraulic cylinder comprising two substantially semi-cylindrical shells which occupy substantially the entire section of the borehole and which are adapted to move away from one another when the cylinder and pressurized, this cylinder being arranged so that the two shells can move away from one another parallel to the prestressing force;
- An object of the present invention is to improve this process, by making it possible to better control the relationships between the stress and the displacements measured.
- the invention thus proposes a method for measuring stress in a building element, comprising the following steps:
- the displacement measurement means comprise two arms which are fixed on the element at two respective anchoring points aligned parallel to a measurement direction, and at least two displacement sensors mounted on the arms and the other of the anchoring points and each measuring a relative displacement, parallel to the measurement direction, of two respective portions of the arms located one face of the other.
- the arms leave a gap between them through which the hole is drilled, in the middle position relative to the anchor points.
- the anchor points which serve as the basis for the displacement measurements are optimally positioned relative to the hole and to the measurement direction, without hampering the execution of the drilling and instrumentation of the measurement area.
- the method makes it particularly advantageous to continuously record the displacement measurements and the supply pressure during the drilling of the hole and the application of the supply pressure to the jack, which allows a detailed analysis of the results.
- the hole has a slot oriented perpendicular to the direction of measurement, symmetrically with respect to an axis passing through the anchoring points, the jack being a flat jack introduced into the slot.
- the orthogonality between the slot and the measurement axis and the centering of the slot relative to the anchor points improve the reliability of the displacement measurements and their correlation to the desired stress.
- the flat cylinder can be supplied with hydraulic fluid by a manually controlled pump, and associated with means for measuring the supply pressure.
- the flat cylinder can be introduced into the slot with the interposition of at least one wedging plate, which homogenizes the distribution of the force exerted by the cylinder over the extent of the slot.
- the displacements analyzed advantageously represent a variation in spacing between the two anchoring points, obtained from an average of the displacements measured respectively by the sensors.
- additional displacement measurement means are fixed on the construction element, at two anchor points located outside the measurement area, aligned in the measurement direction and having a substantially identical distance between them. the distance between the two anchor points located in the measurement area.
- the displacement sensors have a measurement accuracy of the order of a micron;
- the supply pressure of the actuator is increased until the supply pressure is reached, which substantially compensates for the deformation of the element due to the drilling of the hole, then the supply pressure is gradually reduced by continuing to record the measurements of displacement, and a state of compression in the measurement area is estimated from the supply pressure which has substantially compensated for the deformation of the element;
- a measurement zone is used which is situated substantially at the level of the neutral axis of the building element
- At least two measurement zones are used located substantially symmetrically with respect to the neutral axis of the building element, and in which a stress at the neutral axis is evaluated by an average of the stresses measured in said said measurement areas.
- - Figure 1 is a front view of a beam on which will be carried out stress measurements according to the invention
- - Figure 2 is a schematic front view of displacement measurement means located in the stress measurement area
- FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of other displacement measurement means located outside the stress measurement area
- FIG. 1 illustrates the application of the invention to the measurement of the residual prestress in a beam 10 of prestressed reinforced concrete.
- this beam 10 On its upper face, this beam 10 is subjected to variable loads which tend to make it bend, as does its own weight. Consequently, in the upper part of the beam, the loads induce compressive stresses (positive) in the concrete, while they induce tensile stresses (negative) in the concrete of the lower part of the beam.
- Line B in Figure 1 indicates the neutral axis of the beam, that is to say the one for which the stresses induced by the loads it supports and by its self-weight change sign.
- prestressing cables compress the beam longitudi ⁇ alement, so that the overall stress at the neutral axis B corresponds to a positive compression stress.
- the line A indicates an axis of symmetry of the beam 10
- the point C designates its intersection with the neutral axis B.
- a first step in the stress measurement method consists only in defining two anchor points X in the measurement zone Z. These two anchor points are aligned parallel to the measurement direction B, and their distance is defined precisely at 'using a template 11 having two openings through which are drilled holes in which are installed anchor pins.
- Each measurement zone Z is associated with a reference zone Z 'in which two other anchor points X' are defined, also aligned parallel to the direction B and having between them the same distance as between the anchor points X
- the anchor points X ′ can be positioned by means of a template 12 similar to that used in the measurement zone Z.
- the next step consists in equipping the measurement zone Z with displacement measurement means, such as those shown in FIG. 2.
- These means comprise two arms 15 respectively fixed in their central part to rods sealed in the holes drilled in the concrete at the level of the anchor points X.
- the arms 15 extend in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of measurement B. Their ends are bent inwards, and displacement sensors 16 are interposed between the facing portions 17 of the bent ends of the arms 15.
- the sensors 16 can be electromechanical probes having a measurement accuracy of the order of the micron in a range of displacement of ⁇ 1 mm.
- the two sensors 16 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis
- the arithmetic mean (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 of the two displacement measurements d.,, D 2 provided by the sensors 16 represents a measurement of the variation in spacing between the two anchor points X.
- Additional displacement measurement means (FIG. 3) are installed in the reference zone Z '. These means comprise two plates 18 respectively fixed to rods sealed in the holes drilled in the concrete at the two anchor points X '.
- a displacement sensor 19, similar to those 16 provided in the measurement zone Z is disposed between the two plates 18.
- the displacement value d 3 provided by this sensor 19 represents the variation in spacing between the two anchoring points X .
- the next step in the process consists in drilling a hole 20, 21 in the concrete element 10, in the measurement zone Z.
- This hole is drilled through the gap left free between the two arms 15 of the measurement device. displacement, as illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
- This hole has a slot 20 oriented perpendicular to the measurement direction B.
- This slot 20 is placed in the middle of the two anchor points X, and the axis B 'passing through these two anchor points X cross the slot 20 in the middle.
- the slot 20 can have a thickness of the order of a centimeter and a length approximately ten times greater.
- the hole made in the area of measure Z comprises two cylindrical cores 21 whose diameter is for example of the order of a few centimeters.
- the cores 21 are first produced using a hydraulic concrete core drilling machine, then the slot 20 is produced using a hydraulic concrete cutting machine.
- the core drilling machine and the chainsaw can be mounted on a chassis that is anchored to the concrete structure.
- the hole 20, 21 can pass through the entire beam 10. In certain cases, it can penetrate a sufficient depth into the concrete without passing through it.
- the next step (FIG. 4) consists in introducing a flat cylinder 24 into the slot 20.
- This can consist of two metal sheets welded together along their periphery.
- An injection port (not shown) communicates the space between the two sheets with a hydraulic circuit.
- a wedging sheet 25 of suitable thickness (or a stack of several sheets) can be placed with the flat cylinder 24 in the slot 20. This sheet 25 allows a more homogeneous distribution of the thrust exerted by the flat cylinder 24 over the extent of the slot 20.
- the hydraulic circuit is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5.
- the hydraulic fluid coming from the reservoir 27 is sent under pressure to the flat cylinder 24 by a pump 28.
- the supply pressures can range up to approximately 200 to 300 bars.
- a pressure gauge 29 located between the pump 28 and the cylinder 24 is used to measure the supply pressure of the cylinder.
- the pump 28 is advantageously manually controlled.
- FIG. 5 also shows a computer 30, consisting for example of a PC-type portable computer, which collects the various parameters measured by the sensors 16, 19, 29.
- This computer 30 uses the displacement and pressure measurements to evaluate the stresses operating in the measurement zone Z. This exploitation can be in real time, so that the stress measurement is available immediately.
- the data recorded by the computer 30 correspond to the change in the spacing between the two anchor points X as a function of the supply pressure P applied to the flat cylinder 24.
- the spacing (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 measured between the two anchor points X is corrected by the spacing d 3 measured between the anchor points X '.
- the relevant displacement variable is then (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 - d 3 .
- Curves I and II correspond respectively to the rise in pressure in the cylinder. flat 24 and down pressure. The rise is stopped when the displacement value d 0 corresponding to that noted before drilling the hole is reached by the measured variable (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 - d 3 . The pressure P measured at this time corresponds to the desired compression stress.
- the computer 30 extrapolates the curve obtained, which is approximately linear, to obtain the stress measurement given by the abscissa of the intersection point of the line extrapolated with the ordinate d 0 .
- the variations in displacement as a function of the supply pressure are also recorded during the drilling of hole 20, 21, which makes it possible to observe the behavior of the structure, and possibly to estimate the sufficient drilling depth, depth at from which the additional displacements measured at the anchor points are no longer significant.
- Having the flat cylinder 24 in a slot 20 perpendicular to the measurement direction B allows a reliable measurement in this direction, avoiding that the geometrical configuration of the hole causes other undesirable stresses to be taken into account.
- the cores 21 at the ends of the slot 20 limit the parasitic stresses at the ends and facilitate the cutting of the slot 20. They can also facilitate the fitting of the apparatus.
- the realization of the hole 20, 21 does not generally disturb the structure given its reduced dimensions. If there is nevertheless a fear of such disturbances, this can be remedied by leaving a jack in the hole containing a material under pressure once the measurements have been completed.
- This material is for example a resin injected into the flat cylinder 24 under a pressure corresponding to the measured residual stress, which is left to harden in the cylinder which will remain in place.
- the method can also be applied when the measurement zone is in a state of traction and not of compression.
- the relaxation following the drilling of the hole tends to spread the arms 15 rather than to bring them together as in the case of compression stresses (FIG. 6).
- the actuator is supplied, this induces an additional distance which further distances the measuring point (d + d 2 ) / 2 - d 3 from the reference value d 0 .
- This does not prevent the stress state from being estimated in the measurement area, by means of the aforementioned extrapolation process. Simply, extrapolation is done to negative pressures (and not to higher pressures).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002519902A JP3655284B2 (ja) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-24 | 構造要素内の応力測定方法 |
| KR1020027004650A KR20020044163A (ko) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-24 | 빌딩요소의 응력 측정 방법 |
| AU2001279904A AU2001279904A1 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-24 | Method for measuring stress in a building component |
| US10/048,271 US6619136B2 (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-24 | Method for measuring stress in a structural element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR00/10570 | 2000-08-11 | ||
| FR0010570A FR2812940B1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | Procede de mesure de contrainte dans un element de construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002014819A1 true WO2002014819A1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 |
Family
ID=8853495
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2001/002416 Ceased WO2002014819A1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-24 | Procede de mesure de contrainte dans un element de construction |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6619136B2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3655284B2 (fr) |
| KR (2) | KR20020044163A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001279904A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2812940B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002014819A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100870096B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-11-25 | 한국시설안전공단 | 응력해방 시 변위 측정에 따른 콘크리트 구조물의응력측정방법 |
| CZ300804B6 (cs) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-08-12 | Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze Klokneruv ústav | Zarízení pro merení deformací a vzájemných posuvu kontrolovaných míst konstrukcí, zejména stavebních |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100834473B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-05 | 동명대학교산학협력단 | 다절점 가력 장치를 이용한 건축구조물 최적설계용 구조응력 해석 시스템 및 방법 |
| KR101442002B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-21 | 2014-11-03 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 사용 구조물의 응력 상태 측정 방법 및 그 장치 |
| US9989349B2 (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-06-05 | Corebrace, Llc | Displacement measurement systems and methods |
| CN106092583A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江万向精工有限公司 | 轮毂轴承单元力矩刚性测试系统及方法 |
| EP3379222B1 (fr) | 2017-03-22 | 2020-12-30 | Methode Electronics Malta Ltd. | Ensemble de capteur à base magnétoélastique |
| US11221262B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2022-01-11 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Towing systems and methods using magnetic field sensing |
| US11014417B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-05-25 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Towing systems and methods using magnetic field sensing |
| US11135882B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-10-05 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Towing systems and methods using magnetic field sensing |
| EP3758959B1 (fr) | 2018-02-27 | 2025-11-05 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de remorquage utilisant la détection magnétique |
| US11084342B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2021-08-10 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Towing systems and methods using magnetic field sensing |
| US11491832B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2022-11-08 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Towing systems and methods using magnetic field sensing |
| CN110685301B (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-09-25 | 西南交通大学 | 一种用于高陡边坡滚石试验的任意外形装配式试块 |
| CN110984468A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 北京工业大学 | 一种利用数字化显示功能进行连续梁的管理方法 |
| CN112461408B (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-15 | 河南牛帕力学工程研究院 | 一种预应力筋应力检测方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2284669A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-14 | Strainstall Engineering Servic | Determination of in situ stress in concrete |
| FR2717576A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-09-22 | Freyssinet Int & Co | Perfectionnements aux procédés de mesure de la précontrainte résiduelle dans une poutre en béton précontraint. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT390515B (de) * | 1986-03-20 | 1990-05-25 | Hackl Erich Dipl Ing | Messwertaufnehmer |
| US4823610A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-04-25 | Ari Adini | Device for and method of measuring tensile force in reinforcing member of reinforced concrete |
-
2000
- 2000-08-11 FR FR0010570A patent/FR2812940B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-07-24 KR KR1020027004650A patent/KR20020044163A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-24 US US10/048,271 patent/US6619136B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-24 AU AU2001279904A patent/AU2001279904A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-24 KR KR1020087018466A patent/KR20080081996A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-24 WO PCT/FR2001/002416 patent/WO2002014819A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-07-24 JP JP2002519902A patent/JP3655284B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2284669A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-14 | Strainstall Engineering Servic | Determination of in situ stress in concrete |
| FR2717576A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-09-22 | Freyssinet Int & Co | Perfectionnements aux procédés de mesure de la précontrainte résiduelle dans une poutre en béton précontraint. |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ300804B6 (cs) * | 2006-12-08 | 2009-08-12 | Ceské vysoké ucení technické v Praze Klokneruv ústav | Zarízení pro merení deformací a vzájemných posuvu kontrolovaných míst konstrukcí, zejména stavebních |
| KR100870096B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-11-25 | 한국시설안전공단 | 응력해방 시 변위 측정에 따른 콘크리트 구조물의응력측정방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20020044163A (ko) | 2002-06-14 |
| FR2812940B1 (fr) | 2002-10-31 |
| JP3655284B2 (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
| JP2004506889A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
| US20030005776A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| FR2812940A1 (fr) | 2002-02-15 |
| KR20080081996A (ko) | 2008-09-10 |
| US6619136B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
| AU2001279904A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
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