WO2002014618A1 - Structural building system for walls and lightened slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building system for walls built with blocks of any size, shape and material, which are internally structured by means of cap and/or sealing guides, topping guides and vertical posts. Assembly of blocks is carried out by means of vertical guide pieces, which are confined and trapped between special successive blocks. The invention also relates to a structural system for slabs and to a building method for lightened slabs, which are manufactured using ribs or girders made with wires and/or rods and coves made of polystyrene foam, thereby providing the following advantages: 1) the use of cradling is eliminated since the girders and the lightening elements form the surface receiving the pouring of concrete; 2) the girders include a slab bending reinforcement since the slabs are integrated into the concrete by adherence; 3) a continuos layer of insulating material is obtained, which is integral with the slab since the width of the web of the girders is negligible. This prevents heat flow gap formation as is normally the case in concrete rib slabs, whose web has a considerable thickness; 4) the system also has slides enabling the bending reinforcement to be protected against corrosion and the temperature reinforcement to remain in correct position during pouring of the concrete.

Description

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR WALLS AND LIGHTENED Slabs

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, the construction of walls, loaders or partitions is done using

clay or concrete blocks which are joined together by an agglomerate or mortar, using traditionally reinforced castles or columns of concrete

discretionally spaced and reinforced concrete girder growths are used

to cover the gaps of doors and windows.

Certainly this procedure requires that the people who perform the construction

be masons properly trained to do this job.

That is why it was thought to develop a constructive procedure that, in addition to

Eliminating the binder between the blocks, as well as the casting of castles will simplify the operation of displacement and construction of walls, reducing, therefore, the time

required for its construction and consequently its cost.

The construction system for walls that is intended to be protected by this patent

It has precisely those advantages over the traditional construction procedure.

Additionally, with this construction system of walls the defined form is obtained,

perfectly evaluable and predictable, to take horizontal wind loads and / or

earthquake that act on the wall, which allows, in each particular case, to specify the structural elements necessary to ensure that the wall will have the capacity

to take those charges.

As regards currently lightened slabs, for reinforced mezzanines and / or roofs, slabs of reinforced concrete lightened with casetones or elements of low weight are used, and that do not work structurally, but which serve to achieve a cant or

lever arm between the reinforcing steel, placed close to the face that has

bending compressions of the slab, and the face that has compressions, which the concrete takes.

Solid reinforced concrete slabs are also used, which do not carry elements

lightening.To define the underside of the slab a formwork or formwork is used, usually made of wood, which constitutes a false work, which is removed

Once the concrete of the slab has set. Other constructive procedures are also known and used, which allow

reduce or eliminate the false work by the formwork, as is the joist system and

vault, in which the joist is made of concrete and the vault is a lightening element

as in those mentioned in the previous lines, usually made of clay

cooked or concrete.

The structural system for lightened slabs that are intended to be protected by means of this

patent partially participates in some of the variants already mentioned, but their

Two main developments are the following: 1) The joists used by the slab system constitute the reinforcement

by flexing the slab and eliminating the need to place said rod reinforcement, and to the

once they serve as support for lightening elements or vaults before

setting of concrete.

2) The lightening agents are made of polystyrene foam, which are placed in

practically continuous, since the width of the joist's soul is

negligible, which has a continuous layer of insulation (polystyrene) without gaps that allow caloric flow between the two sides of the slabs, as is the case with existing lightened slab systems, since the ribs or

vaults, have a significant width and inevitably form those mentioned

caloric flow gaps.

The peculiarity of achieving continuous integral insulation in the slab is a

Exclusive feature of this system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The details of the characteristics of this new construction system for walls and

lightened slabs, is clearly shown in the following description and in the 27 accompanying figures, allowing an illustration of that and following them

reference signs to indicate the parts and figures shown.

With reference to these drawings, the description of this construction system for walls can be presented for different designs, sizes and materials of the following

way:

Figure 1 shows the formation of a wall with the pieces that integrate it into

where numeral 37 indicates cross-shaped supports welded to a vertical pole number 9 which will be drowned in the foundation slab and in turn the post

vertical will be trapped by successive blocks inside.

Numeral 13 is a guide that holds two successive blocks between two verticals.

Numeral 32 indicates a horizontal pole that is placed on the edge of the wall to serve as a base for the joists, distributing the load of the roof slab avoiding the

shear effect Numeral 33 and 34 are repisón and enclosure guides, which serve for auction and

window edge, resting its ends between blocks.

Numeral 35 is an inverted lattice joist, according to bending and compression ropes

to replace the sliding dala.

Numeral 37 is the subjection with vertical numeral 9.

Numerals 14, 16, 22 and 20 are blocks, which have a stepped geometric arrangement where block number 14 is equivalent to half a block, appearing in the part

initial of the wall and closing of the same.

Figure 2 is a straight section with gaps according to numerals 1, 2 and 6 to accommodate the

Figures 3 and 4 where one takes horizontal position and the other vertical position respectively, on page 2/22.

Figure 5 shows how figures 2, 3 and 4 on page 2/22 are assembled.

Figure 6 page 4/22 will serve to counter parallel sections.

Figure 7 page 5/22 shows the assembly of all sections forming modules a

two blocks between vertical posts, maintaining parallel between straight lines of sections. numerals 11 and 10, numeral 39 indicates a row of blocks which catch and

they confine vertical, stuck with mortar.

The vertical posts in turn are cast in the foundation slab fixing

Firmly its location.

The next course will be exclusively block assembled and interconnected by vertical posts and guides confining and trapping successive blocks.

The horizontal sections will move upwards as the placement of blocks progresses so that they are finally removed from the vertical ones when they reach the wall, leaving part of the vertical ones, which will be placed monolithically with the ceiling slab.

Figure 8 page 6/22 shows the wall assembly confining and interconnecting between two successive blocks vertical poles 9 joined by a numeral guide 13 where the horizontal sections numerals 3 and 8 will move up in the direction of numeral 36.

The blocks are combined by half parts of it in their vertical and final start, in turn to achieve a geometric step arrangement. Figure 9 page 7/22 describes guides with straight lines showing a polyhedron

rectangular where its outer faces confine, guide and hold three blocks.

Figure 10 page 8/22 shows three-hole blocks with notches and

grooves on its side faces and upper face. Instead of four corners, contemplate

notches for embedded type assembly.

Figure 11 page 9/22 shows a two-hole block with notches and grooves on its side faces and upper face. Instead of four corners, it includes notches for embedded type assembly.

Figure 12 page 10/22 identifies a three-hole block with notches and grooves on extreme side faces and top face. Instead of four corners, it contemplates four projections for embedded type assembly.

Figure 13 page 11/22 shows a block of three holes where one of its faces is straight and the other contemplates a notch and groove where on its upper face there are three notches in each of its divisions, except in the last. Instead of two corners, it contemplates two straight entrances for assembling type assemblies, and will serve as a wall or finish in a clear door or window. Figure 14 page 12/22 shows a single hole block contemplating

notches and grooves in three of its faces where in one it has protrusions for

encastramiento and will serve to join a junction of three walls.

Figure 15 page 13/22 shows a single hole block with two straight faces

lateral and two with notches and lateral grooves and projections for recessed assembly and

It will serve to join two corner walls.

Figure 16 page 14/22 shows a single hole block with notches and grooves on its four side faces and instead of corners has recesses for assembly

embedded and will join four walls.

Figure 17 page 15/22 shows a block with a single hole and on both sides

Side notches and grooves, with recesses instead of corners for embedded assembly and will join a straight wall using it for adjustments.

Figure 18 page 16/22 shows a block means with three holes where its side faces have notches and grooves with protrusions for recessed assembly and

It will be used to horizontally stagger the different blocks that form the wall.

The blocks in their different forms will be concrete, fiberglass, clay or any type of polymer, figure 1 page 1/22. The vertical numeral 9 will be made of steel, fiberglass, or any type of

polymer or the mixture of any of those mentioned according to figure 1 page 1/22.

Numeral gutters 34 and 33 figure 1 page 1/22 will be galvanized,

5 fiberglass or any type of polymer.

Numeral guide 13 figure 1 page 1/22 is made of polymer (plastic) and may be made of fiber

of glass or foil.

The horizontal sections figures 2 and 3 page 2/22 and figure 6 page 4/22 are of

Adjustable rectangular linear design in steel to interconnect modules together forming the structure, right angles, vertical and horizontal alignment of the wall and between walls.

This avoids the use of plumb or level because the blocks in their placement 5 (assembly) will always form a completely rectilinear wall.

The lightened slab system according to Figure 19 to 27 is described below.

shown on pages 17 through 22.

0 Figure 19 page 17/22 will show us two horizontal sections in the form of an angle.

Figure 20 page 17/22 shows in side view some holes to which they house

a screw to join two horizontal sections according to figure 19. Figure 21 page 18/22 shows a straight rectangle-shaped piece with two protrusions on both sides in its narrow form and in its long form two folds,

called protective bridge.

5 Figure 22 page 18/22 Identify a rectangular polyhedron shaped piece where one of its faces is larger being its base and the other upper face is smaller than the first, showing two rectilinear recesses of the upper part mediating its shape without Get to the base.

Figure 23 page 19/22 Indicates a welded beam in the form of a zigzag or bent rod number 29 showing at its ends numeral 24 support bases and numeral 25 identifies a rod that works with compression and numeral 26 identifies two rods, which They act by bending.

15 Figure 24 page 19/22 shows a cross-section where it indicates the location of the numeral compression rods 25 and the numeral flexion rods 26, numeral 24 indicates the base of the joist.

Figure 25 page 20/22 shows an isometry of the placement of the elements that 0 form the roof slab where the joist figure 23 page 19/22 at its base, at the apex of the triangle of the numeral lattice 23 is housed and held the screw number 28 going through and joining the horizontal sections figure 19 page 17 to receive and

hold the protective bridges numeral 21.

Numerals 27 indicate walls where the ends or bases of the joist have

support, numeral 24.

Figure 26 page 21/22 shows a cross section of the slab identifying the

Figures as follows:

Figure 1 is the removable horizontal section that receives in support of Figure 22 the

which is the vault of the slab.

Figure 21 indicates the protective bridge which functions as a roof formwork.

Figure 23 indicates the joist.

Numeral 30 indicates the concrete of the rib and slab.

Numeral 31 indicates the welded mesh.

Figure 27 page 22/22 shows an isometry of the slab where numerals 27 are walls. Figure 22 is polystyrene vault and numeral 31 welded mesh.

All the elements that form the joist are rod and / or wire and the horizontal sections and sections are steel angles, the protective bridges are made of sheet

5 cold rolled and / or fiberglass and polystyrene vault.

The concrete rib covers the base and cant of the joist plus two centimeters of

concrete.

The polystyrene vault forms on its lateral sides the concrete ribs figure 22 page 21/22.

After the ceiling or mezzanine slab was assembled and the concrete slab was made, when setting the protective bridges, figure 21 page 21/22 can be removed by turning them, and

5 Then start removing screws to remove the horizontal sections. Figure 19 page 21/22, completely freeing the polystyrene vault and the roof sky without offering the ribs in sight, avoiding the caloric flow from the outside to the inside.

0 In the joist your zig zag is a bent wire or rod, which serves to take the

diagonal tensile stresses of the rib and horizontal section figure 19 page 21/22 to structure the joist in the stages prior to concrete casting,

In addition to receiving support bridges.

A horizontal angle section that supports the safety bridge and polystyrene vaults, a wire or longitudinal rod numeral 25 page 20/22, rods

longitudinal reinforcements by flexural numeral 26 page 20/22, which are

positioned so that they are drowned in concrete, with the coating required to protect them from oxidation and corrosion. In this system

the use of wood formwork is avoided.

Having sufficiently described our invention, we consider it as a

Novelty, and therefore we claim as our exclusive property, what

5 contained in the following clauses:

1.- The Construction System for walls, which includes the use of blocks of

different shapes, sizes and materials, which combined in a staggered way,

they are structured internally by means of repizón guides, guides of enclosures and 10 vertical posts, characterized in that the union between blocks and posts, is realized by

through some pieces called guides and through the use of special blocks that receive and confine vertical posts.

The use and placement within the blocks a rod that joins two vertical posts 15 to take the wind and / or earthquake loads.

The guide is a piece in the shape of a rectangular polyhedron where its extreme faces confine, guide and trap the blocks with each other.

202.- Construction System for walls according to the first clause,

characterized by the exclusive use in this system by a special block, with gaps

modulated interiors, characterized by having notches in its upper edge and a vertical groove in

both extreme side faces to accommodate the guide and confine or trap the posts

vertical

5 3.- Construction System for walls, according to the first clause, characterized

also for the exclusive use in this system of a special block, with gaps

modulated interiors characterized by having grooves and notches on the upper face on their extreme faces, as well as having protrusions and / or on their extreme faces

recesses for recess assembly.

10 4.- Construction System for walls according to the first clause,

further characterized by the exclusive use of adjustable horizontal sections of

rectangular linear shape to achieve a plumb or leveling in the assembly of the

blocks that form the wall, giving a perfectly straight alignment.

fifteen

5.- Construction System for walls according to the first clause, also characterized by the exclusive use of this structural system and its procedure.

206.- Construction System for walls according to the first clause,

further characterized by the exclusive use of a sliding dala with the joist

lattice fastened on all verticals, at the bottom in the wall offset. Having sufficiently described our invention, we consider it as a

Novelty, and therefore we claim as our exclusive property, what

contained in the following clauses:

5 7.- The construction procedure of the structural system of mezzanine and roof slabs that are characterized by the use of special joists (latticework) constructed with wires and / or rods, characterized in that their soul has a negligible thickness, with

what is achieved that the polystyrene foam elements form a continuous layer on the entire surface of the slab. The construction system is characterized by placement

10 joists, which are fixed in position on the wall or support beam. The horizontal sections are then placed with the protective bridges to

receive polystyrene foam vaults, the rod for retraction reinforcement

of setting and temperature changes to finally perform concrete casting.

15 8.- Structural system of lightened slabs, according to the seventh clause,

characterized by the use of the joists mentioned in said clause, which perform the structural function of reinforcement by bending and cutting of the slab, being integrated by adhesion to the concrete that sneaks into the upper part.

209.- Special joists, in accordance with the seventh clause characterized by the design of

its shape that allows its function as flexural reinforcement, also taking

efforts by shear in the slab, facilitating its assembly and the time to reduce the weight of the

elements to maneuver.

10.- The use of removable horizontal sections according to the seventh

clause characterized in that it receives in support some pieces that serve as formwork.

11.- The use of protective bridges according to the seventh clause characterized

because it rests between two successive joists on the removable horizontal section to eventually receive the loads acting on the vault, in case it breaks during casting.

12.- The use of the joist to supplant the flexural reinforcement, according to the

seventh clause characterized by the integration of the flexural reinforcement for the slab in the same joist, positioning it so that said reinforcement is protected with the required coating, and drowned in it.

13.- Constructive procedure according to the seventh clause characterized by the excess in the beam of the joist with respect to the cant of the vault, which allows to locate the exact position of the reinforcement rod by temperature.

14.- Construction Procedure according to the seventh clause characterized by the

use of lightening cases made of polystyrene foam, functioning as vaults, which they are supported on a detachable horizontal and on a protective bridge, which in turn rests on the joists, establishing a continuous layer of insulating material, serving as a formwork for the emptying of concrete and performing its lightening function within the structural system of the slab .

15.- Thermal insulation, continuous and integral, achieving it by means of the continuity of the lightening layer characterized according to the seventh clause.

Claims

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Structural system for walls: This innovation is required to a constructive system for walls made with blocks of any size, shape and material, structured internally through repizon and / or enclosure guides, auction guides and posts vertical The union between blocks is done by means of vertical and guide pieces which they confine and trap between successive special blocks. Structural system for slabs: refers to a structural system and constructive procedure for lightened slabs, achieved through the use of ribs or joists made with wires and / or lightening rods and cassettes or polystyrene foam vaults with which the following advantages are obtained: 1) .- The use of formwork is eliminated since the joists together with the lightening form the surface to receive concrete casting. 2) .- The joists include the reinforcement by bending of the slab, being integrated into the concrete by adhesion. 3) .- A continuous layer of insulating material is obtained, integral with the slab, due to that the width of the joist's soul is negligible. This avoids the formation of gaps. of caloric flow, as occurs with slabs with concrete ribs, whose soul has a considerable thickness. 4) .- This system also has slides that allow the flexural reinforcement to be protected from corrosion, and that the temperature reinforcement is in the correct position during concrete casting.