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WO2002013036A1 - Systeme de surveillance automatise utilise entre un ordinateur hote et des dispositifs a distance - Google Patents

Systeme de surveillance automatise utilise entre un ordinateur hote et des dispositifs a distance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002013036A1
WO2002013036A1 PCT/US2001/024872 US0124872W WO0213036A1 WO 2002013036 A1 WO2002013036 A1 WO 2002013036A1 US 0124872 W US0124872 W US 0124872W WO 0213036 A1 WO0213036 A1 WO 0213036A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication
devices
site controller
message
communication devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2001/024872
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Davis
Thomas D. Petite
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
B&L Tech Co Inc
Original Assignee
StatSignal Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by StatSignal Systems Inc filed Critical StatSignal Systems Inc
Priority to AU2001284759A priority Critical patent/AU2001284759A1/en
Publication of WO2002013036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002013036A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/40—Remote control systems using repeaters, converters, gateways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/40—Remote control systems using repeaters, converters, gateways
    • G08C2201/42—Transmitting or receiving remote control signals via a network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/50—Receiving or transmitting feedback, e.g. replies, status updates, acknowledgements, from the controlled devices
    • G08C2201/51—Remote controlling of devices based on replies, status thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H04L43/106—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/12—Network monitoring probes

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to systems for monitoring and/or controlling a plurality of remote devices via a host computer connected to a wide area network (WAN), and more particularly relates to systems and methods for managing communication between the host computer and the plurality of remote devices.
  • WAN wide area network
  • a host computer in communication with a wide area network monitors and/or controls a plurality of remote devices arranged within a geographical region.
  • the plurality of remote devices typically use remote sensors and controllers to monitor and respond to various system parameters to reach desired results.
  • a number of automated monitoring systems use computers or dedicated microprocessors in association with appropriate software to process system inputs, model system responses, and control actuators to implement corrections within a system.
  • a typical approach to implementing control system technology is to install a local network of hard-wired sensors and actuators along with a local controller. Not only is there expense associated with developmg and installing appropriate sensors and actuators, but the added expense of connecting functional sensors and actuators with the local controller is also problematic. Another prohibitive cost is the expense associated with the installation and operational expense associated with programming the local controller.
  • an embodiment of the present invention is generally directed to a cost-effective automated momtoring system and method for monitoring and controlling a plurality of remote devices via a host computer connected to a communication network, such as a wide area network.
  • the automated monitoring system may include one or more sensors to be read and/or actuators to be controlled, ultimately, through a remote applications server via a site controller.
  • the remote applications server and the site controller may communicate via a communication network, such as a wide area network.
  • the sensors and/or actuators are in communication with communication devices, which may be wireless, that transmit and/or receive encoded data and control signals to and from the site controller. Additional communication devices, such as wireless repeaters, may relay information between communication devices disposed in connection with the sensors and/or actuators and the site controller.
  • the present invention is directed to a site controller adapted to be used in an automated monitoring system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of remote devices via a host computer connected to a first communication network.
  • the site controller is configured for controlling communication with the host computer and a plurality of communication devices that define a second communication network associated with the plurality of remote devices.
  • the site controller comprises a transceiver configured to communicate with the plurality of communication devices via the second communication network; a network interface device configured to communicate with the host computer via the first communication network; and logic configured to: manage communication with each of the plurality of communication devices, via a first commumcation protocol, based on one or more communication paths for each of the plurality of communication devices, each communication path comprising one or more communication devices involved in the communication link between the transceiver and each of the plurality of commumcation devices; and manage communication with the host computer via a second communication protocol.
  • the present invention may also be viewed as providing a method for controlling commumcation with a host computer connected to a first communication network and a plurality of communication devices that define a second communication network associated with a plurality of remote devices that are to be monitored and controlled by the host computer.
  • one such method involves the steps of: determining a unique address for each of the plurality of communication devices by receiving an initialization message; determining with which ofthe plurality of communications devices that each ofthe plurality of communication devices has a communication link; based on the plurality of unique addresses and which of the plurality of communications devices each of the plurality of communication devices has a communication link with, determining one or more communication paths associated with each of the plurality of communication devices; managing communication with each of the plurality of communication devices, via a first communication protocol, based on or more of the communication paths associated with each of the plurality of communication devices; and managing communication with the host computer via a second communication protocol.
  • the site controller miriimizes cost and complexity by providing a site controller to maintain the bulk of the data needed by the user and by providing simplified and inexpensive communication devices to collect and communicate the data to the site controller.
  • a site controller to maintain the bulk of the data needed by the user and by providing simplified and inexpensive communication devices to collect and communicate the data to the site controller.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an automated monitoring system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the site controller of the automated monitoring system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a more detailed schematic diagram illustrating the connectivity ofthe
  • FIG. 4 is a table illustrating an embodiment of a message structure for a communication protocol according to the present invention that may be used for communicating between the site controller and transceivers of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a table illustrating various values for the "to address" in the message structure of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates three sample messages for the message structure of FIG. 4 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the automated momtoring system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one of a number of possible embodiments of an automated monitoring system 100 according to the present invention.
  • Automated monitoring system 100 may comprise one or more applications servers 110, a database 115, a wide area network (WAN) 120, transceivers/repeaters 125, sensor/actuators 130, transceivers 135, sensors 140, transmitters 145, and at least one site controller 150.
  • Each ofthe sensor/actuators 130 and sensors 140 is integrated with a suitably configured wireless transceiver/repeater 125, a wireless transceiver 135, or wireless transmitter 145.
  • a wireless transceiver/repeater 125, a wireless transceiver 135, and a wireless transmitter 145 will be referred to as "wireless communication devices.”
  • Each of the wireless communication devices in automated monitoring system 100 is preferably small in size and may be configured to transmit a relatively low-power signal, such as, for example a radio frequency (RF) signal.
  • a relatively low-power signal such as, for example a radio frequency (RF) signal.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the transmission range of a given RF communication device may be relatively limited.
  • the transmitter power and range may be appropriately designed for the target operating environment. As will be appreciated from the description that follows, this relatively limited transmission range of the wireless communication devices is advantageous and a desirable characteristic of automated monitoring system 100.
  • the wireless communication devices are depicted without a user interface such as a keypad, etc., in certain embodiments the wireless communication devices may be configured with user selectable pushbuttons, switches, an alphanumeric keypad, or any other type of user interface device suitably configured with software and/or firmware to accept operator input. Often the wireless communication device will be in communication with a sensor 140 or with a sensor/actuator 130, such as a smoke detector, a thermostat, a security system, etc., where user selectable inputs may not be needed.
  • automated monitoring system 100 may enable a site controller 150 associated with coverage area 165 to communicate with each sensor/actuator 130 and each sensor 140 via any of a plurality of possible communication paths.
  • site controller 150 may communicate with a specific sensor/actuator 130 via a plurality of distinct communication paths, each of which are defined by one or more wireless communication devices involved in the communication between site controller 150 and the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • one ofthe plurality of possible communication paths may consist of a wireless connection from site controller 150 to a wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • Another possible communication path may consist of a wireless connection from site controller 150 to an intermediate wireless communication device and then to the wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • Further communication paths may include multiple intermediate wireless communication devices in the wireless connection between site controller 150 and the wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • one or more sensors 140 may communicate with at least one site controller 150 via a wireless transmitter 145, a wireless transceiver 135, or a wireless transceiver/repeater 125.
  • one or more sensors/ actuators 130 may communicate with at least one site controller 150 via a wireless transceiver 135 or a wireless transceiver/repeater 125.
  • the wireless communication device associated with the sensors/actuators 130 should be a two-way communication device, such as a transceiver. It will also be appreciated that one or more sensors/actuators 130 may be in direct communication with one or more site controllers 150. It will be further appreciated that the communication medium between the one or more sensor/actuators 130 and the one or more site controller 150 may be wireless or, for relatively closely located configurations, a wired communication medium may be used.
  • automated monitoring system 100 may comprise a plurality of stand-alone wireless transceiver/repeaters 125.
  • Each standalone wireless transceiver/repeater 125, as well as each wireless transceiver 135, may be configured to receive one or more incoming transmissions (transmitted by a remote transmitter 145 or transceiver 135) and to transmit an outgoing signal.
  • This outgoing signal may be any wireless transmission signal, such as, for example, a low-power RF transmission signal, or a higher-power RF transmission signal.
  • the outgoing signal may be transmitted over a conductive wire, fiber optic cable, or other transmission media.
  • an integrated wireless commumcation device e.g., a wireless transmitter 145, a wireless transceiver 135, or a wireless transceiver/ repeater 125
  • site controller 150 e.g., a wireless transmitter 145, a wireless transceiver 135, or a wireless transceiver/ repeater 125
  • the data transmission signal need not be processed and repeated through either a wireless transceiver/repeater 125 or wireless transceivers 135.
  • One or more site controllers 150 are configured and disposed to receive remote data transmissions from the various stand-alone wireless transceiver/repeaters 125, integrated wireless transmitters 145, or the integrated wireless transceivers 135.
  • the site controllers 150 may be configured to analyze the transmissions received, convert the transmissions into TCP/IP format, and further communicate the remote data signal transmissions via WAN 120 to one or more applications servers 110 or other devices in communication with WAN 120.
  • additional site controllers 150 may function as either a back-up site controller in the event of a site controller failure or can function as a primary site controller to expand the potential size of coverage area 165 of automated monitoring system 100.
  • the second site controller 150 may function when the applications server 110 detects a site controller failure.
  • the second site controller 150 may function to expand the capacity of automated momtoring system 100.
  • a single site controller 150 may accommodate a predetermined number of wireless communication devices. While the number of wireless communication devices may vary based upon individual requirements, in one of a number of embodiments there may be approximately 500 wireless commumcation devices.
  • a second site controller 150 may double the capacity of a single system.
  • additional site controllers 150 may be added depending on the specific implementation of automated monitoring system 100.
  • the number of wireless communication devices managed by a site controller 150 is limited only by technical constraints such as memory, storage space, etc.
  • the site controller 150 may manage more addresses than devices as some wireless communication devices may have multiple functions such as sensing, repeating, etc.
  • automated monitoring system 100 includes an applications server 110 in communication with site controller 150 via WAN 120.
  • Applications server 110 may host any of a variety of application specific software depending on the precise environment in which automated monitoring system 100 is employed.
  • the site controller 150 may receive, via WAN 120, information in the form of data and/or control signals from applications server 110, laptop computer 155, workstation 160, and any other device in communication with WAN 120. Site controller 150 may then communicate the data and/or control signals to remote sensor/actuators 130 and/or remote sensors 140.
  • Automated monitoring system 100 may also comprise a database 115 associated with applications server 110. Database 115 may be configured to communicate with applications server 110 and record client specific data or to assist the applications server 110 in deciphering a particular data transmission from a particular sensor 140.
  • the site controller 150 may be implemented within automated monitoring system 100 in a variety of ways.
  • the site controller 150 may be installed at any dedicated location within automated monitoring system 100 provided that the site controller 150 is in communication with at least one of the communication devices.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the site controller 150 as a stand-alone device, the functionality ofthe site controller 150 may integrated with any of a variety of devices, such as a personal computer (PC), a cable set top box, or any other computing device configured for communication with WAN 120. Therefore, in alternative embodiments, the site controller 150 may be, for example, a PC in communication with a transceiver 125 or transceiver 135 integrated with one of the remote devices.
  • an electric meter at a residence may be monitored by automated monitoring system 100.
  • the electric meter may be in communication with other remote devices via a transceiver 135 associated with the electric meter.
  • the site controller 150 may be a PC located at the residence, which is in commumcation with transceiver 135 and WAN 120.
  • all communications between applications server 110 and the wireless communication network may be managed through the PC at the residence.
  • FIG. 2 sets forth one of many possible embodiments of the site controller 150 of FIG. 1.
  • Site controller 150 may comprise a micro-controller 205, a power supply 210, an on-site input port 215, an antenna 220, and a transceiver 225.
  • the micro-controller 205 may comprise a central processing unit (CPU) 230, memory 235, and one or more network interface devices 240.
  • the CPU 230 may be any of a variety of known controllers, such as, for example, a microprocessor, hard-wired circuitry, firmware, etc.
  • the memory 235 may store any necessary programming code for the CPU 230, as well as one or more lookup tables 270, databases (not shown), etc.
  • Network interface devices 240 may be any of a variety of devices configured for communication with WAN 120.
  • site controller 150 may include a network card configured for communication across a local area network to a network server.
  • the network server may contain a backup site controller (not shown) coupled to WAN 120 (FIG. 1).
  • site controller 150 may include a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem 250 configured to provide a link to a remote computing system.
  • site controller 150 may include an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card configured for communication via an ISDN connection with a remote system.
  • ISDN integrated services digital network
  • Other network interfaces may be provided to serve as primary and/or backup links to WAN 120 (FIG. 1) or to local area networks (not shown) that might serve to permit local monitoring of the operating status of site controller 150 and for data packet control.
  • site controller 150 may communicate with any of a variety of types of wide area networks.
  • WAN 120 may be any type of commumcation network, or collection of communication networks, employing any network topology, transmission medium, or network protocol.
  • WAN 120 may be any public or private packet-switched or other data network, including the Internet, circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), wireless networks, or any other desired communications infrastructure.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • the information transmitted between the wireless communication and site controller 150 may be further integrated with various other data transmission protocols for transmission across telecommunications and computer networks other than the WAN 120 (FIG. 1).
  • communication networks other than WAN 120 may function as the transmission path between the wireless- commumcation devices, site controller 150, and the applications server 110 (FIG. 1).
  • wireless transceiver 225 may be configured to receive incoming transmissions via antenna 220. Each ofthe incoming transmissions may be consistently formatted in the message protocol as described below.
  • Site controller 150 may be configured such that the memory 235 includes a look-up table 270 configured for identifying the various wireless communication devices (including intermediate wireless communication devices) used in generating and transmitting the received data transmission. As illustrated in FIG. 2, site controller 150 may include an "Identify Remote Transceiver" memory sector 275 and an "Identify Intermediate Transceiver" memory sector 280.
  • programmed or recognized codes within the memory 235 may also be provided and configured for controlling the operation of a CPU 230 to carry out the various functions that are orchestrated and/or controlled by the site controller 150.
  • memory 235 may include program code for controlling the operation ofthe CPU 230 to evaluate an incoming data packet to determine what action needs to be taken.
  • one or more look-up tables 270 may also be stored within the memory 235 to assist in this process.
  • Function codes and wireless communication device identifiers transmitter may all be stored with associated information within look-up tables 270.
  • one look-up table 270 may be provided to associate identification information for each wireless communication device with a particular user. Another look-up table 270 may be used to identify the various function codes associated with the message protocol. For example, a look-up table 270 may include a unique code designating various functions such as test, temperature, smoke alarm active, security system breach, etc. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various function codes may be implemented depending on the specific implementation of automated monitoring system 100. In connection with lookup table(s) 270, memory 235 may also include one or more code segments that are executed by the CPU 230 and configured to control operation of the site controller 150.
  • a first data packet segment may be configured for accessing a first lookup table to determine the identity of the wireless communication device that transmitted the received message to the site controller 150.
  • a second code segment may be configured for accessing a second look-up table to determine the proximate location of the wireless communication device that generated the received message.
  • a third code segment may be provided to identify the content of the message transmitted (not shown). Namely, is it a fire alarm, a security alarm, an emergency request by a person, a temperature control setting, etc.
  • additional, fewer, or different code segments may be provided to carry out various functional operations and data signal transfers.
  • the power supply 210 may be one of the following: AC power supply, AC power supply with rechargeable battery as a back up solar cells, battery, etc.
  • the power supply provides appropriate DC voltage levels to microcontroller 230.
  • the AC power supply may operate from an external, commonly-provided outside AC power line.
  • the battery may be a lead acid gel battery or other appropriate battery for the prevailing environmental and other conditions that could be considered by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the battery may maintain the site controller 150 fully operational for a predetermined time period. This time period may be varied based upon the individual site and system criteria as would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the battery may also be supplied with a recharger that can recharge the battery to full capacity within a predetermined time period. The charging time may be varied based upon individual site and system criteria as would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the microcontroller 230 may monitor the battery on a periodic basis and report the battery condition to the applications server 110.
  • the power supply 210 may accommodate AC voltages between approximately 95- 135V. It would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to modify this supplied voltage range depending upon individual designs. For example, the supplied voltage range may be varied to accommodate any of a variety of standard supply voltages.
  • the power supply 210 may maintain the temperature of site controller 150 within an acceptable working range, such as approximately 5°C above the ambient temperature. The operating temperature of the site controller 150 depends upon individual system and environmental conditions. Therefore, it would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to maintain the system at an appropriate operating temperature. This can be accomplished by distributing and/or removing the heat from the power supply 210, adding a heater or various cooling devices, etc. as known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the on-site input port 215 may be configured to enable an on-site technician to communicate with the microcontroller 230.
  • the on-site input port 215 may be a serial port, a USB port, etc. as would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the technician may communicate with the on-site input port 215 via any of a variety of computing devices, such as a laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA), or any other computing device.
  • the on-site input port 215 may be used for initial programming updates and other functions as necessary.
  • the site controller 150 may be reprogrammed via the applications server 110 (FIG. 1).
  • the transceiver 225 maybe a TR1000 hybrid transceiver, which is well-suited for short range, wireless data applications where robust operation, small size, low power consumption, and low-cost are desired. All of the critical wireless functions may be contained within the single hybrid chip to simplify circuit design and accelerate the design process.
  • the receiver section of the TR1000 may preferably be sensitive and stable.
  • a wide dynamic range log detector may be employed, in combination with digital automatic gain control (AGC) to provide robust performance in the presence of channel noise or interference.
  • AGC digital automatic gain control
  • Two stages of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filtering may provide excellent receiver out-of-band rejection.
  • the transmitter may be configured for both on-off keyed (OOK) and amplitude-shift key (ASK) modulation.
  • OOK on-off keyed
  • ASK amplitude-shift key
  • transceiver 225 may be configured in a variety of ways. For example, transceiver 225 may include other 900 MHz transceivers, as well as transceivers at other frequencies. In addition, infrared, ultrasonic, and other types of transceivers may be employed, consistent with the scope ofthe present invention.
  • the antenna 220 radiates the signal transmitted by the transceiver 225 to the various wireless communication devices located within coverage area 165.
  • a specific antenna type may be selected based on the frequency at which the signal is to be transmitted.
  • the antenna 220 may be adjustably oriented as required to maximize both transmission and signal characteristics.
  • Non-limiting examples of antenna types that may be used by the site controller 150 include dipoles, spiral, logrithmic, etc.
  • the site controller 150 may also be equipped to operate in a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels to provide a consistently operating system.
  • the site controller 150 may be protected from static discharges and direct contact discharges, such as lightening strikes. To provide consistent operation, the site controller 150 may be shielded to avoid interference from a wide range of electric field and AC line noise.
  • the site controller 150 may commumcate with all ofthe wireless communication devices.
  • the data monitoring and control devices need not be disposed in a permanent location as long as they remain within signal range of a repeating wireless communication device that is within signal range of a site controller 150 that is interconnected through one or more communication networks to the applications server 110.
  • the automated monitoring system 100 as illustrated in FIG. 1, provides a flexible access and control solution through virtually any suitably configured computing device in communication with the WAN 120.
  • a laptop computer 155 and/or a computer workstation 160 appropriately configured with suitable software may provide remote operator access to data collected via automated monitoring system 100.
  • the laptop computer 155 and the computer workstation 160 may permit a user to enter remote operative commands.
  • an applications server 110 (FIG. 1) collects, formats, and stores client specific data from each of the integrated wireless transmitters 145, wireless transceivers 135, and/or wireless transceiver/repeaters 125 for later retrieval and/or access from, for example, workstation 160 or laptop 155.
  • Workstation 160 or laptop 155 may be used to access the stored information in a variety of ways, such as via a web browser.
  • the applications server 110 may host application specific functions associated with automated monitoring system 100, thereby replacing site controller 150 by generating required control signals for appropriate distribution via the WAN 120 and the site controller 120 to the sensor/actuators 130 and the sensors 140.
  • clients may elect, for proprietary reasons, to host control applications on their own workstation 160 that is connected to WAN 120.
  • database 115 and applications server 110 may function solely as data collection and reporting devices with the client workstation 160 generating control signals for the system.
  • Site controller 150 may be configured to transmit control signals and receive data signals using the open data packet protocol described in detail below.
  • Site controller 150 is preferably interconnected permanently on WAN 120 and configured to receive data signals from the wireless commumcation devices and translate the data signals for transfer to applications servers 110 via WAN 120.
  • Site controller 150 may translate the received data signals into any appropriate protocol for delivery via WAN 120.
  • site controller 150 translates the received data signals into transmission control protocol Internet protocol (TCP/TP) for delivery via WAN 120.
  • applications server 110 may be configured for communication with WAN 120 via, for example, router 310 and further protected and buffered by firewall 320.
  • Applications server 110 may also configured with web applications and client specific applications as needed for operation of automated momtoring system 100. Consistent with the concepts and teachings of the present invention, applications server 110 may be assisted in its task of storing and making available client specific data by database 115. As further illustrated in FIG. 3, a client workstation 160 may include a Web browser for facilitating communication with applications server 110, database 115, and/or site controller 150. Alternatively, clients may access WAN 120 via a remote laptop 155 or other computing devices (not shown) configured with a compatible Web browser or other user interface. In this way, the applications server 110 may provide client specific data upon demand.
  • site controller 150 may communicate with each sensor/actuator 130 and each sensor 140 via any of a plurality of possible communication paths.
  • Each of the communication paths are defined by one or more wireless communication devices involved in the commumcation between site controller 150 and the target sensor/actuator 130 and/or sensor 140.
  • site controller 150 may communicate with a specific sensor/actuator 130 via a plurality of distinct communication paths.
  • one of the plurality of possible communication paths may consist of a wireless connection from site controller 150 to a wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • Another possible communication path may consist of a wireless connection from site controller 150 to an intermediate wireless communication device and then to the wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130.
  • Further communication paths may include multiple intermediate wireless communication devices in the wireless connection between site controller 150 and the wireless communication device associated with the specific sensor/actuator 130. In this manner, site controller 150 may communicate with sensors/actuators 130 and/or sensors 140 that are located a greater distance from the site controller 150 by having messages repeated by successive wireless communication devices along one of the communication paths.
  • FIG. 4 sets forth a format for the open data packet protocol of the present invention. All messages transmitted within automated monitoring system 100 consist of a "to" address 400, a “from” address 410, a packet number 420, a number of packets in a transmission 430, a packet length 440, a message number 450, a command number 460, data field 470, and a check sum error detector (CkH 480 and CkL 490).
  • CkH 480 and CkL 490 check sum error detector
  • the "to" address 400 indicates the intended recipient ofthe packet. This address can be scalable from one to six bytes based upon the size and complexity of the system. By way of example, the "to" address 400 can indicate a general message to all wireless communication devices, to only the stand-alone wireless communication devices, or to an individual integrated wireless communication device. In a six byte "to" address, the first byte indicates the type ofthe wireless communication device - to all wireless communication devices, to some wireless communication devices, or to a specific wireless communication device. The second byte can be the identification base, and bytes three through six can be used for the unique address ofthe wireless communication device (either stand-alone or integrated). The "to" address 400 is scalable from one byte to six bytes depending upon the intended recipient(s).
  • the "from” address 410 maybe the six-byte unique address associated with the device from which the transmission originated.
  • the "from” address 410 may be the address ofthe site controller 150 when the site controller 150 requests data, or this can be the address of one ofthe wireless communication devices responding to a request for information from the site controller 150.
  • the packet number 420, the packet maximum 430, and the packet length 440 may be used to concatenate messages that are greater than a predetermined byte length.
  • the packet maximum 430 indicates the number of packets in the message.
  • the packet number 420 may be used to indicate a packet sequence number for a multiple-packet message.
  • the message number 450 may originally be assigned by the site controller 150. Messages originating from the site controller 150 maybe assigned an even number, while responses to the site controller 150 may be the original message number plus one, thereby rendering the responding message with an odd number. For example, the site controller 150 may increment the message number 450 by two for each new originating message. This enables the site controller to coordinate the incoming responses to the appropriate command message.
  • the command number 460 may designate a specific data request from the receiving device as necessary.
  • the types of commands may differ. In one embodiment, there may be two types of commands: device specific and not device specific.
  • Device specific commands may control a specific device, such as a data request or a change in current actuator settings.
  • Commands that are not device specific may include, but are not limited to, a ping, an acknowledgement, a non-acknowledgement, downstream repeat, upstream repeat, read status, emergency message, and a request for general data to name a few.
  • General data may include a software version number, the number of power failures, the number of resets, etc.
  • the data field 470 may contain data as requested by a specific command.
  • the requested data may be any value.
  • test data may preferably be encoded in ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) or other known encoding systems as known in the art.
  • the data field 470 of a single packet maybe scalable up to a predetennined byte length. When the requested data exceeds the predetermined byte length, the integrated wireless communication device may divide the data into an appropriate number of sections and concatenate the series of packets for one message using the packet identifiers as discussed above.
  • the checksum fields 480 and 490 are used to detect errors in transmissions.
  • any error can be detected via cyclic redundancy check sum methodology. This methodology divides the message as a large binary number by the generating polynomial (in this case, CRC-16). The remainder of this division is then sent with the message as the checksum. The receiver then calculates a checksum using the same methodology and compares the two checksums. If the checksums do not match, the packet or message will be ignored. While this error detection methodology is preferred, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various other error detection methodologies maybe implemented.
  • automated monitoring system 100 may employ wireless and/or wired communication technologies for communication between site controller 150 and the wireless communication devices.
  • communication between site controller 150 and the wireless communication devices within coverage area 165 may be implemented using a wireless link having a basic rate of 4,800 bits per second (bps) and a data rate of 2400 bps. All the data may be encoded in the Manchester format such that a high to low transition at the bit center point represents a logic zero and a low to high transition represents a logic one.
  • bps bits per second
  • All the data may be encoded in the Manchester format such that a high to low transition at the bit center point represents a logic zero and a low to high transition represents a logic one.
  • signal formats may be used as desired.
  • a quadature phase shift encoding method may be used, thereby enabling the site controller 150 to commumcate via hexadecimal instead of binary.
  • the site controller 150 may use any predetermined RF transmission method to transmit the messages.
  • a transmission frequency of approximately 916.5 MHz may be employed, although one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any other frequency may be desirable.
  • the transmission can be on a predetermined range of frequencies such as with spread spectrum technology.
  • the message may be modulated using any technique, such as on-off keying, frequency modulation (FM), or any other modulation technique.
  • the byte position number in individual transmissions may vary because ofthe scalability of "to" address 400, command number 460, and the scalability of data field 470.
  • the message may further include a preface and a postscript (not shown).
  • the preface and postscripts need not be part ofthe message body, but rather provide synchronization and frame each packet ofthe message.
  • the packet may begin with the preface and end with the postscript.
  • the preface may be, for example, a series of twenty-four logic ones followed by two bit times of high voltage with no transition. The first byte ofthe packet may then follow immediately.
  • the postscript may be, for example, a transition ofthe transmit data line from a high voltage to a low voltage. It may be less desirable to not leave the transmit data line high after the message is sent.
  • the preface and postscript may be modified in a number of ways.
  • FIG. 5 sets illustrates one embodiment of a byte assignment for the "to" address 400 of FIG. 4.
  • "to" address 400 consists of six bytes.
  • the first byte (Byte 1) may indicate the device type.
  • the second byte (Byte 2) may indicate the manufacturer or the owner.
  • the third byte (Byte 3) may be a further indication ofthe manufacturer or owner.
  • the fourth byte (Byte 4) may indicate either that the message is for all devices or that the message is for a particular device. If the message is for all devices, the fourth by may be a particular code. If the message is for a particular device, the fourth, fifth, and sixth bytes (Byte 5 and Byte 6) may include the unique identifier for that particular device.
  • the first message 600 illustrates the broadcast of an emergency message "FF" from a central server with an address "0012345678" to a integrated transceiver with an address of "FF.”
  • the second message 602 illustrates how the first message 600 may be sent to a stand-alone wireless communication device.
  • emergency message "FF" from a central server with address "00123456578" is first sent to stand-alone wireless device "FO.”
  • the second message 602, further contains additional command data "A000123456” that maybe used by the wireless communication device to identify further wireless communication devices to send the signal through on the way to the destination device.
  • the third message 604 illustrates how the open data packet protocol ofthe present invention may be used to "ping" a remote wireless communication device in order to determine the status ofthe wireless commumcation device.
  • source unit “El 12345678” originates a ping request by sending command "08" to a transceiver identified as "A012345678.”
  • the response to the ping request may be as simple as reversing the "to address” and the "from address” ofthe command such that a healthy wireless communication device may send a ping message back to the originating device.
  • Automated momtoring system 100 maybe configured to expect a return ping within a specific time period.
  • Operators of automated monitoring system 100 may use the delay between the ping request and the ping response to model system loads and to determine if specific system parameters might be adequately monitored and controlled with the expected feedback transmission delay. Further information regarding the structure and operation of the data packet protocol implemented in automated monitoring system 100 may be found in commonly assigned U. S. Patent Application "System and Method for Interconnecting Remote Devices in an Automated Monitoring System,” (Atty. Docket No. 081607- 1160) which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
  • the site controller 150 acts as the communications master.
  • the site controller 150 may initiate all communications with the wireless communications devices, except emergency messages described below, h addition to initiating command messages, the site controller 150 also tracks response messages. This tracking allows the site controller 150 to monitor the operational status of the wireless communication devices.
  • the site controller 150 maintains current databases of information regarding the automated monitoring system 100, such as, for example, the function of the wireless communication devices, the unique address for each of the wireless communication devices, and current data contained in response messages.
  • site controller 150 may contain information related to any of a variety of other aspects of automated monitoring system 100.
  • the site controller 150 also controls communications with the applications server 110. When communicating with the applications server 110, the site controller 150 receives requests for information, commands, etc. and sends the appropriate response.
  • the applications server 110 maintains the requested information and/or commands in such a way that a user can access the information via a remote desktop 155, remote laptop 160, or any other device configured for communication with WAN 120.
  • the site controller 150 may be configured to maintain a database of the wireless communication devices and their unique addresses.
  • the unique addresses may be assigned such that the site controller 150 may easily send messages to one wireless communication device, a group of wireless communication devices, or all ofthe wireless communication devices.
  • the simplification of the wireless communication devices has two main advantages: (1) simplifying the construction of the wireless communication device and (2) decreasing cost.
  • the wireless communication device may be simplified because of a reduced need for large memory and/or storage devices.
  • memory and storage devices increase in cost as they increase in size. Therefore, decreasing the size ofthe memory and/or storage reduces the construction and operating costs of the wireless communication devices.
  • the site controller 150 sends messages to the wireless communication devices using the open data packet protocol described above. Initially, the site controller 150 maps all of the wireless communication devices so as to "learn" all the unique addresses and the necessary communication paths. To do this mapping, the site controller 150 issues a command to document the down-stream addresses and the upstream addresses for each communication path associated with a wireless communication device. The site controller 150 logs the response data from the wireless communication devices into the appropriate databases. Messages from the site controller 150 travel downstream to the intended wireless communication device(s). Messages from the wireless communication devices(s) travel upstream to the site controller 150.
  • the site controller 150 When mapping the communication paths for each of the wireless communication devices, the site controller 150 "learns" the unique address of each wireless communication device, the addresses of each wireless communication device that can directly and reliably communicate with each transceiver/repeater(s) 125 in a downstream path, the unique address of each transceiver/repeater(s) 125 in a downstream path, the upstream addresses for the wireless communication device, and the downstream addresses for the wireless communication device.
  • the site controller 150 When sending command messages, the site controller 150 expects an acknowledgement to each command. A command is considered to be not acknowledged when either the site controller 150 fails to receive a positive acknowledgement from the addressed wireless communication device within a first time period, fails to detect the re-transmission of the command message by a transceiver/repeater 125 within a second time period, or receives a negative acknowledgement from a transceiver/repeater 125 in the communication path of the wireless communication device. If the site controller 150 receives a negative acknowledgement, the site controller 150 can then log the failed message and retransmit the message. This re-transmission can occur a predetermined number of times. It should be noted the first time period may be longer than the second time period.
  • the first time period is long enough to ensure receipt ofthe preamble ofthe response message when there are multiple transceiver/repeater(s) 125 in the communications path.
  • the second time period is long enough to either receive the preamble ofthe response message (if no repeaters are in the communications path) or to hear the preamble of the command message being re-transmitted by the first transceiver/repeater 125 in the communication path of the wireless communication device.
  • the site controller 150 may poll each of the remote sensor/actuators according to a predetermined schedule. During this process, the site controller 150 requests the current operating status of each ofthe sensors/actuators 135.
  • the status of a sensor/actuator device 135 depends upon the type of device. For example, a smoke detector's status may be operational/non- operational, hi contrast, a utility meter's status may be the utility usage that has occurred since the last polling.
  • a thermostat's status response may be the actual temperature and the desired temperature.
  • the information sent in response to a status poll may vary depending upon the particular configuration ofthe sensor/actuator 135. This information is maintained by the site controller 150 and may be sent to the applications server 110 upon request.
  • the predetermined schedule has flexibility based upon the number of failed attempts and any emergency messages.
  • the site controller 150 sends a "read status" message.
  • the command message is considered complete upon receipt ofthe response message.
  • the command message is considered failed upon receipt of a negative acknowledgement.
  • the site controller 150 retries the command six more times and logs all failed attempts.
  • the site controller 150 may maintain database files of information.
  • the site controller 150 may maintain communication databases that store the device failures, as discussed above, and that store the emergency messages. These database stored logs can contain the unique address of the wireless communication device, a code representing a present condition, and a date/time stamp. Any failures to communicate with the applications server 110 are also logged into the appropriate database.
  • These databases may have a predetermined size and may be forwarded to the applications server 110 when the databases are a specific percentage full or upon request by the applications server 110. Once forwarded to and acknowledged by the applications server 110, the entries in the communications databases are deleted.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the contents, size, and scheduling of database entries may be varied in a variety of ways.
  • the site controller 150 After mapping the wireless communication devices, the site controller 150 develops and maintains a database that includes the unique address for each wireless communication device, the number of transceiver/repeaters 125 in the downstream path, the address of each transceiver/repeater 125 in the downstream path, the upstream addresses, and the downstream addresses. The site controller 150 does not necessarily respond to the messages from wireless communication device s not listed in this database. hi addition to mapping the wireless communication devices, the site controller 150 may update the device database via the applications server 110. This update may add/delete wireless communication devices from the automated monitoring system 100, change the communications path of any or all of the wireless communication devices, or change the unique addresses of any or all of the wireless communication devices. Upon request of the applications server 110, the site controller 150 may transmit the device database to the applications server 110.
  • the "normal" operating procedure described above is continued unless the site controller 150 receives an emergency message from a wireless communication device.
  • the emergency message is transmitted unsolicited.
  • the emergency message can be received by the site controller 150 either directly, via a repeater, or via a plurality of repeaters.
  • the site controller 150 Upon receipt of an emergency message, the site controller 150 immediately notifies the applications server 110 of the emergency message, hi addition, the site controller 150 suspends the above polling for a predetermined time period. This suspension insures the receipt of any additional emergency messages. After the time period expires with no additional messages, the site controller 150 resumes polling.
  • the site controller 110 maintains a database of contact information.
  • the site controller 150 communicates via a network interface device 240, the site controller 150 can maintain a database of telephone numbers and IP addresses ofthe applications server 110.
  • the applications server 110 sends response messages.
  • the applications server 110 and the site controller 150 may communicate via TCP/IP protocol or any other protocol.
  • Exemplary requests include a "get file” request of the database and a "put file” request, which sends a file to the site controller 150.
  • Normal communications between the site controller 150 and the applications server 110 may also be interrupted by an emergency message.
  • the emergency message originates at the site controller 150 and may include an emergency message from a remote device, a "file too large" message, and a site controller status change message to name a few.
  • the site controller 150 may immediately generate an emergency message to the applications server 110 in the event a safety/security device fails to respond to a poll message.
  • a variety of remote devices such as utility meter devices, personal security devices, household devices and appliances, and other remote devices employing a sensor and/or an actuator, may be monitored and/or controlled from a remote location via a computing device connected to WAN 120.
  • the data and command transmissions may be transmitted and received by the site controller 1 0 connected to WAN 120.
  • Site controller 150 is further in communication with the wireless communication devices within coverage area 165.
  • the data and command transmissions may be relayed via the various wireless communication devices defining the communication path until they reach a designated destination or the site controller 150.
  • automated monitoring system 100 in accordance with the present invention may be used in a variety of environments.
  • automated momtoring system 100 may be employed to monitor and record utility usage by residential and industrial customers, to transfer vehicle diagnostics from an automobile via a wireless transceiver integrated with the vehicle diagnostics bus to a local transceiver that further transmits the vehicle information through a local gateway onto a WAN, to monitor and control an irrigation system, to automate a parking facility, to monitor and control a residential security system, etc, which are described in more detail in the commonly assigned U. S. Patent Application entitled, "System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Residential Devices," issued Serial No. 09/704, 150.
  • Automated monitoring system 100 may be adapted to monitor and apply control signals in an unlimited number of applications.
  • the wireless communication devices maybe adapted for use with any associated device, such as, for example, pay type publicly located telephones, cable television set top boxes, utility meters, and residential appliances and/or devices to enable a remote controllable home automation and security system.
  • personal transceivers may be used to monitor and control personnel access and egress from specific rooms or portions thereof within a controlled facility.
  • personal transceivers may further be configured to transfer personal information to public emergency response personnel, to transfer personal billing information to vending machines, or to monitor individuals within an assisted living community.
  • Wireless communication devices using the open data packet protocol ofthe present invention may be integrated to monitor and control a host of industrial and business applications as well.
  • building automation systems, fire control systems, alarm systems, industrial trash compactors, and building elevators may be monitored and controlled.
  • courier drop boxes, time clock systems, automated teller machines, self-service copy machines, and other self- service devices may be monitored and controlled as appropriate.
  • a number of environment variables that require momtoring maybe integrated with automated momtoring system 100 to permit remote monitoring and control. For instance, light levels in the area adjacent to automated teller machines must meet minimum federal standards.
  • the water volume transferred by water treatment plant pumps, smokestack emissions from a coal burning power plant, or a coke fueled steel plant oven may be remotely monitored.
  • the wireless commumcation devices using the open data packet protocol of the present invention may be further integrated with a voice-band transceiver having multiple function buttons.
  • a voice-band transceiver having multiple function buttons.
  • each transceiver maybe equipped with a microphone and a speaker that would allow a person to communicate information such as their present emergency situation, their specific location, etc.
  • FIG. 7 sets forth an alternate embodiment of an automated monitoring system 100.
  • Automated momtoring system 100 of FIG. 1 is shown with an additional sensor 180 and transceiver 185.
  • the additional sensor 180 and transceiver 185 are shown to be communicating with, but outside of, the coverage area 165.
  • the additional sensor 180 and transceiver 185 may be placed outside ofthe original control system.
  • the coverage area of transceiver 185 need only overlap the coverage area 165.
  • the original installation may be an automated monitoring system 100 that monitors electricity usage via the utility meters in an apartment complex.
  • a neighbor in a single family residence nearby the apartment complex may remotely monitor and control their thermostat by installing a sensor/actuator transceiver according to the present invention.
  • the transceiver 185 then communicates with the site controller 150 ofthe apartment complex.
  • repeaters (not shown) can also be installed to commumcate between the transceiver 185 and the apartment complex site controller 150. Without having the cost ofthe site controller 150, the neighbor may enjoy the benefits ofthe control system.
  • the transceiver unique address is not necessary to identify the location of the transceiver.
  • the applications server 110 and/or the site controller 150 may be configured to identify the transmitter location by the transmitter unique address alone.
  • the wireless transmitters 145 and/or wireless transceivers 135 may be configured to transmit at a higher power level, in order to effectively communicate with the site controller 150.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un contrôleur conçu pour être utilisé dans un système de surveillance automatisé destiné à la surveillance et au contrôle d'une pluralité de dispositifs à distance par l'intermédiaire d'un ordinateur hôte connecté à un premier réseau de communication. Le contrôleur est configuré pour contrôler la communication avec l'ordinateur hôte et une pluralité de dispositifs de communication définissant un second réseau de communication associé à la pluralité de dispositifs à distance. Dans un mode de réalisation, le contrôleur comprend un émetteur-récepteur configuré pour communiquer avec la pluralité de dispositifs de communication par l'intermédiaire du second réseau de communication ; un dispositif d'interface de réseau configuré pour communiquer avec l'ordinateur hôte par l'intermédiaire du premier réseau de communication ; et une logique configurée pour gérer la communication avec chacun des dispositif de communication, par l'intermédiaire d'un premier protocole de communication, sur la base d'une ou de plusieurs voies de communication pour chacun des dispositifs de communication, chaque voie de communication comprenant un ou plusieurs dispositifs de communication associés à la liaison de communication entre l'émetteur-récepteur et chacun des dispositifs de communication ; et pour gérer la communication avec l'ordinateur hôte par l'intermédiaire d'un second protocole de communication.
PCT/US2001/024872 2000-08-09 2001-08-09 Systeme de surveillance automatise utilise entre un ordinateur hote et des dispositifs a distance Ceased WO2002013036A1 (fr)

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WO2006064362A3 (fr) * 2004-12-17 2006-10-05 Abb Research Ltd Procede de commande d'un dispositif ou d'un processus d'automatisation industrielle
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US8892769B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2014-11-18 Hart Communication Foundation Routing packets on a network using directed graphs
US8942219B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2015-01-27 Hart Communication Foundation Support for network management and device communications in a wireless network
US9730078B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2017-08-08 Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. Configuring and optimizing a wireless mesh network
CN101256708B (zh) * 2008-01-29 2011-06-08 西安特菲尔电子有限公司 一种用于火灾报警的无主从式的网络通讯方式
CN103038606B (zh) * 2010-07-30 2016-03-30 埃森哲环球服务有限公司 智能核心引擎
CN103038606A (zh) * 2010-07-30 2013-04-10 埃森哲环球服务有限公司 智能核心引擎
CN103401725A (zh) * 2013-07-11 2013-11-20 华北水利水电大学 基于云存储的跨平台设备监测系统及其监测方法
CN103401725B (zh) * 2013-07-11 2016-08-24 华北水利水电大学 基于云存储的跨平台设备监测系统及其监测方法
US11418969B2 (en) 2021-01-15 2022-08-16 Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc. Suggestive device connectivity planning
WO2024107558A1 (fr) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-23 SimpliSafe, Inc. Équilibrage de charge de connexions de dispositif
US12200046B2 (en) 2022-11-15 2025-01-14 SimpliSafe, Inc. Load balancing device connections

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