WO2002006167A1 - Nozzle arrangement - Google Patents
Nozzle arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002006167A1 WO2002006167A1 PCT/AU2001/000873 AU0100873W WO0206167A1 WO 2002006167 A1 WO2002006167 A1 WO 2002006167A1 AU 0100873 W AU0100873 W AU 0100873W WO 0206167 A1 WO0206167 A1 WO 0206167A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- nozzle
- inner tube
- flow
- outer tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
- B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
- B01F23/23231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
- B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
- B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
- B01F23/454—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting a mixture of liquid and gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
- B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
- B01F25/211—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers the injectors being surrounded by guiding tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the aeration of liquids and, in particular, to a nozzle arrangement for super aeration of water.
- the problem which arises is that the water within the ponds becomes stratified due to different densities of the water.
- the different density may arise as a result of temperature differences which causes temperature separation layers in the pond, and/or differences in salinity due to those differences and/or evaporation of water from the upper layers, for example.
- the result is that the water within the pool becomes stratified, with higher salinity and reduced oxygen, particularly in the lower layers. This leads to inactivity and a lack of movement in the pond water.
- the animals in the pond become less energetic and their food conversion ratios drop, thereby resulting in the animals being less productive for use as saleable food.
- a nozzle arrangement for super aeration of liquids comprising an outer tube having a longitudinal axis, a liquid supply pipe having an outlet portion substantially aligned with said longitudinal axis, an inner tube substantially co-axial with said outer tube and passing through said outlet portion, and a gas supply nozzle supplying gas under pressure to said inner tube, wherein the gas supplied to said inner tube is entrained in liquid therein to cause flow in the direction of said nozzle, the flow from said inner tube is entrained with liquid supplied by said liquid supply pipe, and the flow from said liquid supply pipe outlet is entrained with liquid in said outer tube to cause flow therein.
- the present invention is used to super aerate aquaculture pond water, it preferably equalises the oxygen and/or salinity levels in the pond water.
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the nozzle arrangement of the preferred embodiment
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1, and
- Fig. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of a pond with the nozzle arrangement of
- the nozzle arrangement of the preferred embodiment takes the form of an outer tube 2 within which is coaxially located an inner tube 3.
- the tubes 2, 3 can be of any cross-sectional shape, and are preferably circular in cross-section.
- a liquid supply pipe 4 enters the outer tube 2 and has an elbow 5 leading to an outlet portion 6.
- the inner tube 3 is contained within, and is preferably coaxial with, the outlet portion 6.
- An air supply pipe 8 passes through the outer tube 2, the outlet portion 6, and the inner tube 3 and is provided with an elbow 9 which forms a nozzle 10.
- the nozzle 10 is covered with a micronising screen 11 which contains a large number of very small openings which together with the air supplied under pressure by the air supply pipe 8, results in a stream of a large number of very tiny bubbles emanating from the nozzle 10.
- a cartridge 13 Located immediately downstream of the nozzle 10 and within the inner tube 3 is a cartridge 13 filled with a number of small balls 14 fabricated from metal silver.
- the cartridge 13 has a pair of electrodes 15, 16 to which alternating polarity DC potential or voltage is supplied.
- the DC voltage is in the range from 15V to 24V.
- liquid is pumped or otherwise forced through the liquid supply pipe 4 where it passes around the elbow 5 and out the outlet portion 6.
- the stream of small bubbles emanating from the nozzle 10 entrains water within the inner tube 3 which is then forced through the cartridge 13 which effectively constitutes a kill zone for a large number of potential pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungus.
- the effectively sterilised stream of tiny bubbles and entrained liquid then passes out of the inner tube 3 and is entrained within the flow of liquid through the outlet portion 6.
- This flow in turn entrains liquid within the outer tube 2 and therefore forms part of a larger flow flowing from left to right as seen in Fig. 1 through the outer tube 2.
- the tiny bubbles rise slowly towards the surface they also dissolve in the water thereby super aerating the water.
- a pair of supports 17 and 18 are provided in order to maintain the outlet portion 6 and inner tube 3 substantially coaxial within the outer tube 2.
- the supports take the form of strips of thin plastic material such as Mylar (Registered Trade Mark) which can nestle together to create a cruiciform arrangement as illustrated in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 3 illustrates in schematic form the overall arrangement of the pond where a compressor 21 supplies the air supply pipe 8.
- a pump 22 supplies the liquid supply pipe 4 with either water drawn from the pond 20 through an inlet 23 or water from another source provided through an alternate inlet 24.
- the liquid supplied through the alternate inlet 24 can be treated effluent from intensively raised pigs, cattle or other such animals.
- the inner tube has a diameter of approximately 1 inch
- the outlet portion 6 and liquid supply pipe 4 have a diameter of approximately 3 inches
- the outer tube 2 has a diameter of approximately 9 inches or in excess thereof.
- the air supply pipe 8 preferably has a pressure in the range of 15-100 psi and the flow rate of liquid through the liquid supply pipe is preferably in the range 20-300 gallons per minute.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method and apparatus for super aerating liquids, such as aquaculture pond water, are disclosed. An outer tube (2) is provided with a co-axial inner tube (3). Air bubbles from a nozzle (9) are entrained in liquid in the inner tube (3) to create a flow which is in turn entrained in a flow of additional liquid supplied to the outer tube (2) via a liquid supply pipe (4). Preferably a cartridge (13) of silver balls (14) is located in the inner tube (3) downstream of air supply nozzle (10) to kill pathogens.
Description
NOZZLE ARRANGEMENT
Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to the aeration of liquids and, in particular, to a nozzle arrangement for super aeration of water.
Background Art
A major problem arises in aquaculture where fresh water or salt water species are intended to be raised in production ponds. The problem which arises is that the water within the ponds becomes stratified due to different densities of the water. The different density may arise as a result of temperature differences which causes temperature separation layers in the pond, and/or differences in salinity due to those differences and/or evaporation of water from the upper layers, for example. Whatever the origin, the result is that the water within the pool becomes stratified, with higher salinity and reduced oxygen, particularly in the lower layers. This leads to inactivity and a lack of movement in the pond water. As a consequence, the animals in the pond become less energetic and their food conversion ratios drop, thereby resulting in the animals being less productive for use as saleable food.
Lack of movement of the water also decreases the ambient oxygen level within the water and this results in the animals being more susceptible to disease. In particular, the actual bottom of the pond is more likely to develop anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria host a major list of potential adverse effects to the animals residing in the pond including, but not limited to, "off" colour and taste, "spongy" tissue, underdevelopment of the animal's exoskeleton, growth retardation, and very serious food wastage due to improper utilisation of food in the gut and decreased animal activity.
It is known to aerate pond water by various mechanical and other means such as paddle wheels, compressed air blown into the water, and the like.
Object of the Invention
None of these arrangements have been particularly effective and the aim of the present invention is to provide a more advantageous arrangement.
Summary of the Invention.
In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention there is disclosed a nozzle arrangement for super aeration of liquids, said nozzle comprising an outer tube having a longitudinal axis, a liquid supply pipe having an outlet portion substantially aligned with said longitudinal axis, an inner tube substantially co-axial with said outer tube and passing through said outlet portion, and a gas supply nozzle supplying gas under pressure to said inner tube, wherein the gas supplied to said inner tube is entrained in liquid therein to cause flow in the direction of said nozzle, the flow from said inner tube is entrained with liquid supplied by said liquid supply pipe, and the flow from said liquid supply pipe outlet is entrained with liquid in said outer tube to cause flow therein.
In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention a method for super aerating liquids said method comprising the steps of:
(a) locating an outer tube in a body of liquid to be aerated,
(b) supplying further liquid to the liquid within said outer tube via a liquid supply outlet located within said tube,
(c) supplying gas under pressure to a nozzle located within an inner tube positioned within said outer tube and enveloping said liquid supply outlet,
(d) entraining said gas supplied via said nozzle in the liquid within said inner tube to cause same to flow in the direction of said nozzle,
(e) entraining the flow of liquid in said inner tube in the liquid supplied via said liquid supply outlet, and
(f) entraining the flow of liquid from said liquid supply outlet in the liquid in said outer pipe to cause flow therein.
Where the present invention is used to super aerate aquaculture pond water, it preferably equalises the oxygen and/or salinity levels in the pond water.
Brief Description of the Drawings.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the nozzle arrangement of the preferred embodiment,
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of a pond with the nozzle arrangement of
Fig. 1 installed therein.
Detailed Description.
As seen in Fig. 1, the nozzle arrangement of the preferred embodiment takes the form of an outer tube 2 within which is coaxially located an inner tube 3. The tubes 2, 3 can be of any cross-sectional shape, and are preferably circular in cross-section. A liquid supply pipe 4 enters the outer tube 2 and has an elbow 5 leading to an outlet portion 6. The inner tube 3 is contained within, and is preferably coaxial with, the outlet portion 6. An air supply pipe 8 passes through the outer tube 2, the outlet portion 6, and the inner tube 3 and is provided with an elbow 9 which forms a nozzle 10. The nozzle 10 is covered with a micronising screen 11 which contains a large number of very small openings which together with the air supplied under pressure by the air supply pipe 8, results in a stream of a large number of very tiny bubbles emanating from the nozzle 10.
Located immediately downstream of the nozzle 10 and within the inner tube 3 is a cartridge 13 filled with a number of small balls 14 fabricated from metal silver. The cartridge 13 has a pair of electrodes 15, 16 to which alternating polarity DC potential or voltage is supplied. Preferably the DC voltage is in the range from 15V to 24V. The use of a number of small balls 14 of metal silver, rather than a single block of silver increases the surface of available silver, thereby increasing the ionisation function of the electrodes.
In operation, liquid is pumped or otherwise forced through the liquid supply pipe 4 where it passes around the elbow 5 and out the outlet portion 6. In addition, the stream of small bubbles emanating from the nozzle 10 entrains water within the inner tube 3 which is then forced through the cartridge 13 which effectively constitutes a kill zone for a large number of potential pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungus. The effectively sterilised stream of tiny bubbles and entrained liquid then passes out of the inner tube 3 and is entrained within the flow of liquid through the outlet portion 6. This flow in turn entrains
liquid within the outer tube 2 and therefore forms part of a larger flow flowing from left to right as seen in Fig. 1 through the outer tube 2. As the tiny bubbles rise slowly towards the surface they also dissolve in the water thereby super aerating the water.
As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, a pair of supports 17 and 18 are provided in order to maintain the outlet portion 6 and inner tube 3 substantially coaxial within the outer tube 2. Preferably the supports take the form of strips of thin plastic material such as Mylar (Registered Trade Mark) which can nestle together to create a cruiciform arrangement as illustrated in Fig. 2.
Industrial Application.
Fig. 3 illustrates in schematic form the overall arrangement of the pond where a compressor 21 supplies the air supply pipe 8. A pump 22 supplies the liquid supply pipe 4 with either water drawn from the pond 20 through an inlet 23 or water from another source provided through an alternate inlet 24. In one preferred embodiment the liquid supplied through the alternate inlet 24 can be treated effluent from intensively raised pigs, cattle or other such animals.
In the preferred embodiment the inner tube has a diameter of approximately 1 inch, the outlet portion 6 and liquid supply pipe 4 have a diameter of approximately 3 inches and the outer tube 2 has a diameter of approximately 9 inches or in excess thereof. The air supply pipe 8 preferably has a pressure in the range of 15-100 psi and the flow rate of liquid through the liquid supply pipe is preferably in the range 20-300 gallons per minute.
The foregoing describes only one embodiment of the present invention and modifications, obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention. The term "comprising" as used herein is used in the inclusive sense of meaning "having" or "including" and not in the exclusive sense of meaning "consisting only of".
Claims
1. A nozzle arrangement for super aeration of liquids, said nozzle comprising an outer tube having a longitudinal axis, a liquid supply pipe having an outlet portion located within said outer tube and being substantially aligned with said longitudinal axis, an inner tube substantially co-axial with said outer tube and enveloping said outlet portion, and a gas supply nozzle supplying gas under pressure to said inner tube, wherein the gas supplied to said inner tube is entrained in liquid therein to cause flow in the direction of said nozzle, the flow from said inner tube is entrained with liquid supplied by said liquid supply pipe, and the flow from said liquid supply pipe outlet is entrained with liquid in said outer tube to cause flow therein.
2. The nozzle arrangement as defined in claim 1 wherein all said liquids are water and said gas is air.
3. The nozzle arrangement as defined in claim; 1 or 2 wherein said gas supply nozzle includes a micronising screen.
4. The nozzle arrangement as defined in any one of claims 1-3 wherein a pathogen destroying cartridge is located downstream of said gas supply nozzle.
5. The nozzle arrangement as defined in claim 4 wherein said cartridge includes a plurality of balls fabricated from silver metal.
6. The nozzle arrangement as defined in claim 5 wherein said balls are located between a pair of electrodes to which a D.C. voltage is applied.
7. A method for super aerating liquids said method comprising the steps of:
(a) locating an outer tube in a body of liquid to be aerated,
(b) supplying further liquid to the liquid within said outer tube via a liquid supply outlet located within said tube,
(c) supplying gas under pressure to a nozzle located within an inner tube positioned within said outer tube and enveloping said liquid supply outlet, (d) entraining said gas supplied via said nozzle in the liquid within said inner tube to cause same to flow in the direction of said nozzle,
(e) entraining the flow of liquid in said inner tube in the liquid supplied via said liquid supply outlet, and
(f) entraining the flow of liquid from said liquid supply outlet in the liquid in said outer pipe to cause flow therein.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 wherein said liquids are water and said gas is air.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7 or 8 including the step of including a micronising screen in said nozzle.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7-9 including the steps of locating a pathogen destroying cartridge downstream of said gas supply nozzle.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 including the step of including in said cartridge a plurality of balls fabricated from silver metal
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 including the steps of locating said balls between a pair of electrodes and applying a DC voltage across said electrodes.
Dated this 16th day of July 2001.
DAVID KEVIN CORDOVA
BY:
HODGKINSON OLD McINNES Patent Attorneys for the Applicant
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001272219A AU2001272219A1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2001-07-18 | Nozzle arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPQ8856 | 2000-07-18 | ||
| AUPQ8856A AUPQ885600A0 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2000-07-18 | A nozzle arrangement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002006167A1 true WO2002006167A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
Family
ID=3822919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2001/000873 Ceased WO2002006167A1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2001-07-18 | Nozzle arrangement |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AUPQ885600A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002006167A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1586369A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Apparatus for generating fine bubbles of gas in a liquid |
| JP2013184128A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-19 | Panasonic Corp | Gas dissolving device |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2544430A1 (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1977-04-14 | Helmut Dipl Phys Gehm | Aeration of water using flow energy - in appts. having double venturi with air entrainment into centre of first |
| SU1333653A1 (en) * | 1986-04-22 | 1987-08-30 | Институт технической теплофизики АН УССР | Reservoir aeration arrangement |
| EP0465043B1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1994-08-24 | Inax Corporation | Ejector und its use in a process of aerobically treating water |
| DE4312971A1 (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-10-27 | Envicon Klaertech Verwalt | Process and apparatus for aerating waters |
| JPH10180270A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-07 | Takashi Yamamoto | Aerator |
| JPH10230150A (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-09-02 | Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd | Aerator |
-
2000
- 2000-07-18 AU AUPQ8856A patent/AUPQ885600A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-07-18 WO PCT/AU2001/000873 patent/WO2002006167A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2544430A1 (en) * | 1975-10-04 | 1977-04-14 | Helmut Dipl Phys Gehm | Aeration of water using flow energy - in appts. having double venturi with air entrainment into centre of first |
| SU1333653A1 (en) * | 1986-04-22 | 1987-08-30 | Институт технической теплофизики АН УССР | Reservoir aeration arrangement |
| EP0465043B1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1994-08-24 | Inax Corporation | Ejector und its use in a process of aerobically treating water |
| DE4312971A1 (en) * | 1993-04-21 | 1994-10-27 | Envicon Klaertech Verwalt | Process and apparatus for aerating waters |
| JPH10180270A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-07 | Takashi Yamamoto | Aerator |
| JPH10230150A (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-09-02 | Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd | Aerator |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1998-431908/37 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 1977-27359Y/16 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 1988-103719/15 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 1994-333846/42 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 1998-524516/45 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1586369A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Apparatus for generating fine bubbles of gas in a liquid |
| WO2005099888A1 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-27 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Apparatus for generating fine bubbles of gas in a liquid |
| JP2013184128A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-19 | Panasonic Corp | Gas dissolving device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AUPQ885600A0 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
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