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WO2002005025A1 - Commutateur electro-optique - Google Patents

Commutateur electro-optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002005025A1
WO2002005025A1 PCT/EP2001/006538 EP0106538W WO0205025A1 WO 2002005025 A1 WO2002005025 A1 WO 2002005025A1 EP 0106538 W EP0106538 W EP 0106538W WO 0205025 A1 WO0205025 A1 WO 0205025A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic radiation
suspension
optical
particles
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/006538
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich-Georg Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Original Assignee
Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH filed Critical Creavis Gesellschaft fuer Technologie und Innovation mbH
Priority to AU2001281825A priority Critical patent/AU2001281825A1/en
Publication of WO2002005025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002005025A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3538—Optical coupling means having switching means based on displacement or deformation of a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3548—1xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3548—1xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs
    • G02B6/3552—1x1 switch, e.g. on/off switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
    • G02B6/3568—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details characterised by the actuating force
    • G02B6/357—Electrostatic force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G02F1/172—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrically controllable switching devices for optical light conduction.
  • Optical fibers are quartz or glass fibers for transmitting light.
  • the attenuation factors of newer fibers are very low in the visible and near infrared spectral range; z. B. at wavelengths of 850 nm less than 3 dB / km, at 1300 nm less than 0.5 dB / km and at 1550 nm to 0.16 dB / km. At short wavelengths the attenuation is determined by the Rayleigh scattering and at long wavelengths by the self-absorption.
  • Optical fibers are used in telecommunications (fiber optics), e.g. B. used in conjunction with integrated optics, in measurement technology, in spectroscopy and medicine. For the manufacture and use of optical fibers see e.g. B.
  • Optical fibers can also be made from special organic polymers (e.g. polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene).
  • Polymer optical fibers - also known as polymeric optical fibers (POF) - are produced in a melt-spinning process using a coextrusion technique that leads to fibers with a core-sheath structure.
  • POF polymeric optical fibers
  • the disadvantage is z. Z. still their relatively high light attenuation, the z. B. is made of polymethyl methacrylate polymer optical fibers and light of wavelength 650 nm at 100 to 200 dB / km.
  • No. 4,491,384 describes an electro-optical switch element in which the The refractive index of a material can be changed, ie modulated, with the aid of a frequency (high-frequency acoustic waves) induced on the surface of the material so that incident light can only exit at defined points.
  • optical computers With the help of non-linear optics and optical bistability, digital optical memories and logic gates [AND, OR, NOT (inverter)] can be implemented. In principle, these are all the functions you need to build an optical computer. It is therefore expected to be able to build optical computers in the future that work with light pulses instead of conventional current computers with electrical current and voltage pulses.
  • the great advantage of optical computers is the possibility of parallel data processing, since bits (information elements) from a logical level (e.g. 103> ⁇ 103 bits) can be mapped in parallel to the next level with a lens. In contrast, only one signal can be transmitted by a connecting wire in an electronic computer at a time. So these machines essentially work in series. This leads to limitations in the computing speed, the so-called von Neumann-Bottleneck, which could be overcome by optical computers.
  • the “optoelectric modulators” discussed above are components in which either a time-varying, incident light beam contains a correspondingly time-varying electrical current or voltage signal causes or in which an applied electrical signal modulates a light beam accordingly.
  • the first group of components includes the photoconductors and photodiodes working with photo effects.
  • the second group of components includes Pockels and Kerr cells, acousto-optical modulators and semiconductor lasers.
  • the refractive index of a crystal or a liquid changes when an electric field is applied. If you bring a crystal so oriented between crossed polarizers that it shows no birefringence, this combination does not let light through. By applying an electrical voltage, the material becomes birefringent or it rotates the polarization plane, so that depending on the length of the cell and the electric field strength, more or less light is transmitted.
  • liquid crystals can be used for the modulation or non-linear optically or optically bistable components, as described in Hecht et al. Zajac, Optics, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley Publ. Comp. 1987, Paul, electronic semiconductor components, study scripts 112, Stuttgart: Teubner 1986, Paul, optoelectronic semiconductor components, study scripts 96, Stuttgart: Teubner 1985, Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd ed., New York: Wiley 1981.
  • electro-optical switches should get by with low voltages and have small dimensions, but the difference between transparent and non-transparent (on / off) state should be as large as possible.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore the development of new electro-optical switches.
  • Bistable or multistable optical states can be generated by electrophoretically mobile particles.
  • electrophoretically mobile particles For example, WO 98/03898, WO 98/19208, WO 98/41899 and WO 98/41898 the use of electrophoretically mobile particles in a suspension liquid to display electrically changeable information.
  • WO 98/19208 describes a similar electrophoretic display, in which electrophoretically mobile particles in an optionally colored liquid can be moved by an electric field within a microcapsule. Depending on the direction of the field, the particles orient themselves towards an electrode and thus macroscopically represent yes / no color information (either the color of the particles or the color of the liquid is visible).
  • WO 98/41899 discloses electrophoretic displays which, although based on the principles described above, contain either fluorescent or reflective particles. In addition, the use of a Suspension with liquid crystalline behavior described. The liquid crystals block or enable the electrophoretic migration of the particles depending on the applied electric field.
  • WO 98/41898 also describes such an electrophoretic display system, which due to its special arrangement can be produced by a printing process, in particular by ink jet printing technology. Both the electrodes and the electrophoretic display itself can advantageously be produced in successive printing steps.
  • suspension liquid and the particles are embedded in capsules, bubbles or other cavities of a polymeric material.
  • the particles can also be encapsulated with the suspension liquid; these capsules can then either be prefabricated in the polymerization process of the carrier material or can be formed in a complex emulsion polymerization together with the carrier material.
  • WO 99/56171 describes a “shutter mode” display based on the electrophoretic migration of particles in a suspension.
  • the cavities are conical
  • the conical design enables the particles to be brought together at the smallest point in the cavity, so that light can emerge from the cavity almost unhindered in this case. The viewer perceives only a small area as a defect.
  • the mode of operation of the displays consisting of conical cavities corresponds to the electrophoretic displays known from the above literature.
  • switches for electromagnetic radiation can be produced with the aid of electrophoretically mobile particles, the particles being moved in an electrical field and thus taking over the actual switch function.
  • the present invention therefore relates to switches for electromagnetic radiation, constructed from at least two control electrodes, one or more inputs and outputs for the electromagnetic radiation to be switched, and electrophoretically mobile particles which are not permeable to the electromagnetic radiation in a suspension which is permeable to the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the switches according to the invention make use of the suspension of electrophoretically mobile particles mentioned above for blocking or forwarding electromagnetic radiation. This presupposes the transparency of the suspension liquid or the non-transparency of the particles with respect to the radiation to be switched, wherein certain intensity losses of the radiation within the suspension cannot be avoided.
  • the electromagnetic radiation to be switched can move in wide wavelength ranges. It is possible to use visible light (400 to 800 nm), but also ultraviolet radiation (200 to 400 nm) or IR radiation (800 to 1200 nm), each in the form of monochromatic radiation or polychromatic light. Light with a narrow wavelength distribution is preferred.
  • the suspension can be encapsulated in the cavities already mentioned, and the control electrodes can be inside or outside the cavities. It is possible that all control electrodes are arranged in the beam path of the electromagnetic radiation to be switched. Such an arrangement is e.g. B. shown in Fig. 1, wherein an electrode located in the beam path must of course be transparent to the radiation.
  • 1 denotes a possibility of how electromagnetic radiation can be switched by a switch according to the invention: the electrophoretically mobile particles are moved between the control electrodes denoted by a) and b) by means of an electric field, none in FIGS. 1 I and 1 III Radiation can pass the switch ("Off"). If there is no electric field between electrodes a) and b) (Fig.
  • the particles are distributed in the suspension and the radiation can pass the switch ("On") , 2 shows the same switch principle, but with one switch element having a plurality of outputs which are independent of one another, ie a plurality of independent control electrodes a).
  • control electrodes relate to the arrangement of the control electrodes. It is thus possible for at least one or all of the control electrodes or none of the control electrodes to be arranged in the beam path of the electromagnetic radiation to be switched. 1 to 4 show examples of such arrangements.
  • a switch according to the invention can have one or more inputs and one or more outputs on an optical axis, i. H. in the direct passage of the radiation through the switch according to the invention, for. B. as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, have.
  • one or more inputs and / or one or more outputs can be perpendicular to one another, i. H. not on an optical axis or in a direct passage of the radiation through the switch according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows such an embodiment, the input a) and the output c) being perpendicular to one another and the input a) and output b) lying on an optical axis.
  • a completely orthogonal arrangement of the is also possible Outputs c) and d) with respect to input a) [d) would point out of the paper plane].
  • the switches according to the invention are expediently used as an ensemble in a matrix and are produced accordingly.
  • the switches according to the invention can also be used as a flat ensemble of optical on-off switches. What is important for the use of optical switches is the possibility of specifically enabling and controlling different paths of the incident light.
  • the arrangement of the switches as a flat ensemble can, for. B. in the form of a composite film with regularly arranged cavities and corresponding control electrodes.
  • the individual switches can be controlled by printed circuits, and the supply and discharge of the electromagnetic radiation by means of optical fibers.
  • Such a flat ensemble is sketched in FIG.
  • the light from a light source a) is converted into individual light points, e.g. B. to generate a signal or an information unit (bit) c), divided or controlled.
  • the “light bits” can be forwarded, for example, by printed optical fibers or fibers d).
  • the cavity of the component can be produced in a matrix by eroding or machining processes.
  • a suitable eroding process uses laser radiation.
  • the cavities can also, for. B. by CNC milling, needling, embossing, 3D printing, eroding, etching, molding with molding compounds, injection molding, photographic or photolithographic processes or interference methods in a carrier material to be brought.
  • How such microstructured components can be produced is e.g. B. in DE 29 29 313, WO 97/06468, US 4 512 848, DE 41 35 676, WO 97/13633, EP 0 620 092 B1 or EP 0 580 052.
  • Younan Xia and George M. Whitesides in Angew describe further methods for producing small structures. Chem. 1998, 110 568-594.
  • Another method is the micro-milling of a master, with which plates or foils with the desired microstructure can be produced.
  • the master represents a negative mold. This can then be molded in an embossing, casting or injection molding process.
  • microstructure bodies i.e. H. a matrix with cavities made of plastic, metal or ceramic can be produced by the so-called LIGA process by means of lithography, electroforming and molding [lit .: Kernabas congress Düsseldorf, report 3995 (1985].
  • the primary structure is obtained by imagewise irradiation of a radiation-sensitive plastic by means of X-ray or synchrotron radiation and subsequent dissolution of the irradiated (or unirradiated) areas of the plastic.
  • the galvanic deposition of metal in the areas of the primary structure thus dissolved results in a mold insert which then enables the production of microstructure bodies from plastic by means of injection molding or other multiple molding processes.
  • the carrier material of the cavities or the switch can be optically transparent, colorless or colored.
  • the control electrodes can be attached at various locations on the component, the one arranged in one beam path, i. H. between the light conduit leading into or continuing with the component or the connected further component and the cavity, the electrode is as transparent or colored as the carrier material or the suspension medium can be.
  • mirrored inner surfaces can also be used inside of the component can be used, ie inner surfaces of the switch that are not in the beam path can be designed such that they reflect the electromagnetic radiation to be switched. This can e.g. B. by vapor deposition of metals such as silver.
  • the component according to the invention can be switched between at least two different optical states (see FIGS. 1 to 6).
  • Optical transparency or non-transparency represent the preferred extreme switching states.
  • extensive transparency / non-transparency can e.g. B. can be used for darkening or dimming individual light guides.
  • thermoplastics such as thermoplastics, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, polyolefins, such as, for example, are suitable as carrier material for the cavities or the switches.
  • B polyethylene, polypropylene, COC (cyclo-olefinic copolymers), polystyrene, or ABS polymers, PMMA, PVC, polyester, polyamides, thermoplastic elastomers or crosslinking materials, such as UV-curing acrylate coatings, but also polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or polymers out
  • Perfluoroalkyloxy compounds be it as a homo- or copolymer or as a component of a blend of a polymer blend.
  • the cavities can have any shape adapted to the respective switching task. 1 to 6 show a selection of the switching tasks and corresponding forms of the switches.
  • the suspension liquid can contain scattering particles, which is also a non-linear light guide, e.g. B. if the inputs or outputs are not on an optical axis (Fig. 5), allow.
  • the shape of the components can also be designed in such a way that the inner walls of the switches, similar to an optical fiber, transmit the light fed in via total reflection.
  • the outer or inner surfaces of the components according to the invention can be coated or mirrored in an opaque manner.
  • So z. B. an aluminum lamination, metal vapor deposition, e.g. B. with silver, mirror alloys or the like, or a TiO 2 coating. This prevents the undesired light emission from surfaces when the light emission through the cavities is blocked by the electrophoretically mobile particles. It is important to ensure that the electrophoretically mobile particles can only accumulate at the designated locations or can adhere reversibly.
  • the cavities are filled with the electrophoretically mobile particles and the suspension liquid.
  • This can e.g. B. by slurrying and scraping off the excess suspension, by direct knife / brushing the suspension, using inkjet technology in one printing process or by self-filling using capillary forces.
  • the particle suspensions are introduced directly into the cavities.
  • the cavities must then be encapsulated or sealed.
  • the filling can also take place through the capillary forces via fine channels, the cavities being closed before the filling process. This is expediently carried out using a cover film which is tightly connected to the cavity surface, the envelope of the cavities.
  • Various methods can be used to seal the cavities, e.g. B .:
  • Gluing or thermal fusion microwave heating, contact or friction welding, hot melt adhesive, hot lamination
  • UV-curing e.g. acrylate dispersions
  • 2-component systems e.g. polyurethane coating systems
  • the cavities or the prepared capsules can be filled with one or more suspensions.
  • the suspension liquid ensure that there is sufficient transparency for the electromagnetic radiation to be switched. Absorption or emission phenomena of the liquid are particularly undesirable in the radiation maximum intensity.
  • non-polar organic liquids such as paraffin or isoparaffin oils, low-molecular or low-viscosity silicone oils.
  • the cavities can also contain colored suspension liquids for the production of components which specifically block certain frequencies of the light or which are intended to enable transmission of special wavelengths alone.
  • Colored suspensions must have a lightfast color and must not react with the material of the component or the top layer. They can also contain fluorescent or phosphorescent substances.
  • fluorescent or phosphorescent substances enables a higher light yield and / or the use of light sources with a UV radiation component.
  • fluorescent dyes are such.
  • the production of the electrophoretically mobile particles with a diameter of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.3 and 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 0.4 and 5 ⁇ m, can be based on WO 98/41898, WO 98/41899 or WO 98/0396.
  • the particles must be able to move freely in the suspension liquid so that the particles can move to one of the control electrodes due to their charge, depending on the applied electric field.
  • the "off'7" on “state of a switch or the macroscopically perceptible switch state is therefore determined by the spatial arrangement of the particles and can be controlled by the electric field.
  • FIG. 6 shows a top view (6 I) and a side view (6 II) of the structure of the optical switches according to the invention, with a) input of the electromagnetic radiation to be switched, b) output of the electromagnetic radiation to be switched, c) passage (beam path) in the component, d) suspension liquid, e) electrophoretically mobile particles, f) control electrode “off” state and g) control electrode “on” state.
  • 6 I and II show "on” states, 6 III the "off” state.
  • the control of the electrodes ie the addressing of individual cavities can, for. B. in parallel by a row / column arrangement of electrical switch units according to WO 97/04398 or individually. If the cavities are too small for a single control, several cavities (optical switches) are switched per electrical switch unit.
  • the electrophoretic particles quickly revert to an unordered state distributed over the entire switch. This is further promoted by heat or external vibrations, so that a set switch status disappears over time, unless an electrical field permanently maintains the desired order status of the particles.
  • suspensions with rheological behavior that can be controlled by an electric field are therefore used.
  • Suspensions with a negative electrorheological effect are preferably used.
  • bistable switches for electromagnetic radiation are obtained.
  • the electrophoretically mobile particles orient themselves according to their charge in the field, ie they can move freely in the suspension when an electric field is applied. If the electric field is removed, the viscosity of the electrorheological suspension rises sharply and the particles are largely fixed in the order state they have just taken.
  • the previously set switching states are also fixed accordingly so that they remain stable even without an external electrical field.
  • the suspension can either contain a dissolved substance or electrophoretically mobile particles which show the negative electrorheological effect.
  • the suspension contains several types of particles, at least one of which shows the negative electrorheological effect.
  • z. B hydrated polycondensates of phenyl isocyanate and polytetramethylene glycol or p-chlorophenyl isocyanate and polytetramethylene glycol or polymethyl methacrylate as the alkali salt or as a blend with polystyrene block (polyethylene-co-propylene).
  • the substances dissolved in the suspension are usually polymeric in nature and therefore only soluble up to a certain molecular weight in the suspension liquid. Which substance is sufficiently soluble in which liquid can easily be determined by means of orientation tests.
  • the LCD effect which has a negative influence on the composite film, has nothing in common with the negative electrorheological effect of the suspension and is not desired here.
  • Such an LCD effect is an electro-rheological effect, which in suspensions of immiscible liquid-crystalline substances such as z. B. by Tajiri (Tajiri et al., J. Rheol., 41 (2), 335 (1997)) can occur.
  • Mixtures of the surrounding (suspension) matrix and liquid-crystalline substances lead to phase-separated morphologies, in which the liquid-crystalline phase forms a higher aspect ratio (length / diameter) in the field direction when an electric field is applied.
  • the phase separation of the liquid-crystalline substances can lead to an undesirable change in the optical properties of the suspension (e.g. to a change in the transmission behavior for the radiation to be switched).
  • electrophoretically mobile particles themselves can show the required negative electrorheological effect.
  • This can e.g. B. by coating electrophoretically mobile particles with polycondensates of phenyl isocyanate and polytetramethylene glycol or p-chlorophenyl isocyanate and
  • the particles can have a coating with polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes or polyamides, either above or expediently below the RCA substance.
  • the electrophoretically mobile particles themselves can contain inorganic or organic pigments such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , carbon black, fluorescent pigments, phthalocyanines, porphyrins or azo dyes.
  • Such particles can again have a coating made of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes or polyamides.
  • the use of the optical switches according to the invention is the subject of the present invention. Because of the flat design and the possibility of dividing signals or bringing them together again, the switches according to the invention can be used for the production of electro-optical components or optical computers.
  • the embodiment of the invention with a plurality of inputs and outputs for the radiation to be switched is important, since switch elements are thus obtained with which Bollean algebra operations can be carried out.

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  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur pour rayonnement électromagnétique, constitué d'au moins deux électrodes de commande, d'au moins une entrée et d'au moins une sortie pour le rayonnement électromagnétique à commuter, et de particules électrophorétiquement mobiles, ne laissant pas passer le rayonnement électromagnétique, qui se trouve dans une suspension laissant passer ledit rayonnement électromagnétique. Cette suspension a, de préférence, un effet électrorhéologique négatif. Les composants microstructurés peuvent être utilisés pour des commutateurs optiques ou comme composants pour ordinateurs optiques.
PCT/EP2001/006538 2000-07-12 2001-06-08 Commutateur electro-optique Ceased WO2002005025A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001281825A AU2001281825A1 (en) 2000-07-12 2001-06-08 Electro-optical switch

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10033899A DE10033899A1 (de) 2000-07-12 2000-07-12 Elektrooptische Schalter
DE10033899.2 2000-07-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002005025A1 true WO2002005025A1 (fr) 2002-01-17

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PCT/EP2001/006538 Ceased WO2002005025A1 (fr) 2000-07-12 2001-06-08 Commutateur electro-optique

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DE102020212112A1 (de) 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Optisches Wellenleiterbauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Citations (3)

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EP0588482A2 (fr) * 1992-08-07 1994-03-23 Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. Composition électrosensitive
WO1999060554A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Elements d'affichage heterogenes et procedes de fabrication de tels elements
WO2000077570A1 (fr) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-21 Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh Feuilles multicouches electriquement commutables

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0588482A2 (fr) * 1992-08-07 1994-03-23 Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd. Composition électrosensitive
WO1999060554A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Elements d'affichage heterogenes et procedes de fabrication de tels elements
WO2000077570A1 (fr) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-21 Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh Feuilles multicouches electriquement commutables

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
SANKUS J: "ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY CELL", XEROX DISCLOSURE JOURNAL, XEROX CORPORATION. STAMFORD, CONN, US, vol. 4, no. 3, 1 May 1979 (1979-05-01), pages 309, XP002052704 *

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