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WO2002064860A1 - Fond en carbone d'une cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium - Google Patents

Fond en carbone d'une cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002064860A1
WO2002064860A1 PCT/EP2002/001092 EP0201092W WO02064860A1 WO 2002064860 A1 WO2002064860 A1 WO 2002064860A1 EP 0201092 W EP0201092 W EP 0201092W WO 02064860 A1 WO02064860 A1 WO 02064860A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
carbon
electrical resistance
current
electrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2002/001092
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jacques Antille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
Alcan Technology and Management Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan Technology and Management Ltd filed Critical Alcan Technology and Management Ltd
Publication of WO2002064860A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002064860A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon base of an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis of aluminum oxide, wherein the carbon base can be subdivided into individual cathode elements and the carbon base or the cathode elements are electrically conductively connected to current conducting bars which are led out from the side of the electrolysis cell.
  • the carbon base has an electrical resistance increasing in the direction of the current in the vertical direction from the center of the cell to the edge of the cell.
  • the different electrolytic resistance of the carbon base in the z direction depending on the distance to the center of the cell means that the current through the liquid aluminum lying on the cathode base during operation of the electrolytic cell can be approximated to the ideal vertical direction, as a result of which the horizontal current component decreases sharply and im Ideally, it even disappears.
  • the coal floor according to the invention consequently enables an increase in the electrical current flow in the cell, which is equivalent to an increase in production.
  • the carbon bottom or the individual cathode elements can be divided into layers and the layers can be strung together in the direction of the current conducting bars, the individual layers having an increasing electrical resistance in the vertical direction from the cell center to the cell edge.
  • these point from the cell center to the Cell wall has a continuously and steadily increasing electrical resistance in the direction of the current conducting bars in the vertical direction.
  • the force field responsible for the movement of the liquid phases in an electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum results from the vectorial product of the current density and the magnetic field.
  • the horizontal current flow is reduced, as a result of which the force field also decreases. This results in much weaker movements in the liquid phases, i.e. the speeds in the liquid aluminum and in the electrolyte bath decrease strongly, which has a positive effect on the performance and the service life of the electrolytic cell.
  • FIG. 2 shows an oblique view of the partially cut cathode tub of the electrolytic cell from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 5 shows the pictorial representation of the current flow through the electrolytic cell from FIG. 4 with a coal base according to the prior art according to a model calculation
  • FIG. 6 shows the dependence of the electrical resistance of a coal floor according to the invention in the z direction as a function of the di punch to the center of the cell in the y direction;
  • FIG. 7 shows the pictorial representation of the current flow through an electrolysis cell according to FIG. 4 with a carbon bottom with variable electrical resistance in the z direction from the center of the cell in the y direction according to FIG. 6;
  • An electrolysis cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis of aluminum oxide has a steel tub 12 lined with a refractory and heat-insulating masonry 14.
  • Cathode elements 16 in the form of carbon blocks are arranged on the masonry 14 at the bottom of the steel trough 12.
  • the gaps formed at the lateral abutment points of the individual cathode elements are sealed in a known manner with a contact compound in order to produce good thermal and electrical conductivity of the connection point between adjacent cathode elements 16, so that a cathode or carbon base 18 that is thermally and electrically well conductive is created on all sides.
  • the side walls 20 consist of individual blocks made of a carbon mass and lie against the masonry 14 of the steel tub 12.
  • the electrolytic cell 10 has an essentially rectangular plan with a horizontal longitudinal direction x, a horizontal transverse direction y perpendicular to this and a vertical direction z perpendicular to the plane defined by the directions x, y.
  • the carbon base 18 is contacted by current conducting or cathode bars 22 running in the y direction.
  • the bars 22 are separated in the middle of the coal floor 18.
  • the cathode bars 22 can also be continuous from side wall to side wall of the steel trough 12.
  • the carbon floor 18 can be designed in different ways.
  • the cathode elements 16 can vary, for example, in terms of their shape and extent in the x and y directions, or the coal floor 18 can also consist of a single block.
  • the individual cathode elements 16 have a groove 24.
  • the cathode bar 22 is cast into the grooves 24 of lined-up cathode elements 16 via a cast iron jacket 26.
  • the connection between cathode bars 22 and cathode elements 16 can of course also be carried out in another way, for example by gluing with an electrically and thermally conductive contact compound.
  • FIG. 1 when the electrolytic cell 10 is operating, there is a layer 28 of liquid aluminum on the carbon floor 18.
  • a cryolite melt 30 with aluminum oxide dissolved therein is located above this aluminum layer.
  • Carbon anodes 32 dip into the cryolite melt 30 from above.
  • the carbon anodes 32 are fastened by means of anode rods 34 anchored in this to a crossbar, not shown, which extends in the longitudinal direction x of the electrolytic cell 10.
  • a crust 36 of solidified cryolite forms on the cryolite melt 30.
  • the crust 36 is broken open from time to time to supply alumina to the cryolite melt 30.
  • the liquid aluminum that accumulates as a layer 28 on the carbon floor 18 is also removed from the electrolysis cell 10 from time to time, for example via a suction lifter by means of a vacuum.
  • the cathode bar 22 has a height h ⁇
  • the carbon base 18 arranged above it has a height h ⁇
  • Uo is the electrical potential at the aluminum / carbon floor contact surface
  • U (y) is the electrical potential at the carbon floor / cathode bar interface, which is dependent on the electrical conductivity of the carbon floor in the z direction from the cell center to the cell edge in the direction y of the cathode bars 18.
  • L it is half the width of the coal floor 18 in the y direction.
  • the cathode elements 16 or the carbon base 18 made therefrom is characterized by its electrical conductivity.
  • the manufacturers of the cathode elements define the conductivity in the extrusion direction in accordance with the y direction and in the directions x and z perpendicular thereto.
  • the conductivity values mentioned are the same in all directions for all cathode elements 16. This condition leads to an increased current flow in the y direction against the side wall 20 of the electrolytic cell 10. 5 shows the current distribution in a two-dimensional model calculation assuming a constant conductivity of the coal floor 18 by arrows 38. The horizontal current components are clearly visible.
  • a model calculation leads to the following assuming that the electric current in the layer 28 made of liquid aluminum and in the carbon floor 18 or in the cathode elements 16 runs vertically in the z direction and in the current conducting or cathode bars 22 horizontally in the y direction Result:
  • po and ⁇ > ⁇ are functions depending on the parameters in parentheses. Since the electrical properties of the current conducting or cathode bars 22 are given, the constants po, pi are thus clearly determined.
  • the model calculation shows that in order to achieve a vertical current flow through the layer 28 of liquid aluminum and through the carbon base 18 or the cathode elements 16 in the vertical z direction, the electrical resistance, which is equivalent to the inverse value of the electrical conductivity, is one quadratic course depending on the distance from the center of the electrolytic cell 10 in the direction y against the side wall 20 must show an essentially square course.
  • the constants po and pi that go into the formula for p ⁇ are dependent on the geometric parameters of the carbon floor 18 or the cathode elements 16 and the cathode bar 22 and on the electrical conductivity of the cathode bar 22.
  • FIG. 6 shows the values for the electrical resistance p ⁇ in the z direction determined by the model calculation for the carbon floor 18 as a function of the distance from the cell center M to the side edge in the direction y.
  • the model calculation yields the current distribution through a cathode bottom 18, shown in FIG. Riable conductivity in the y direction. It can be clearly seen that the current runs much more vertically than in the case of a conventional cathode base shown in FIG. 5. In fact, the horizontal current flow is about ten times weaker than when using carbon floors according to the prior art with constant conductivity in the y direction.
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible embodiment of a carbon base 18 with the electrical resistance increasing in the z direction from the cell center M towards the cell edge in the direction y of the cathode bars 22 in accordance with the values shown in FIG. 6.
  • the coal floor 18 is made up of individual layers Si to S10 running in the longitudinal direction x and abutting one another laterally in the y direction.
  • Each of these layers or blocks has an electrical resistance p ⁇ in the z-direction, corresponding to its distance from the cell center M, which has been calculated for this position and is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the electrical resistance pß of the individual layers or blocks Si to S 10 is thus constant for each layer or for each block, but varies from layer to layer or from block to block.
  • the individual layers or blocks can, for example, be glued to one another in a known manner.
  • the individual layers Si to S 10 in the longitudinal direction x of the carbon base 18 can also be divided into cathode elements 16 of shorter dimensions.
  • ten layers Si to S10, each with different electrical resistance p B are shown in FIG. 8 from the cell center M to the cell edge, a model calculation has shown that the desired current distribution according to FIG. 7 already has five layers or blocks with different electrical Resistance p B is sufficient to achieve practically the same positive results as with a division into ten layers.
  • the use of just five layers allows the individual blocks to be manufactured more easily and also leads to less expensive production.
  • the individual cathode elements 16 can also be one in the extrusion or y direction of of the cell center M to the cell edge have continuously increasing electrical resistance.
  • the carbon base 18 can thus also be produced in one piece in a cost-effective manner with an electrical resistance which increases continuously and continuously from the center of the cell M to the edge of the cell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fond en carbone (18) d'une cellule d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium par électrolyse par fusion d'oxyde d'aluminium, ce fond en carbone étant relié de façon électroconductrice à des barres conductrices (22) sortant latéralement de la cellule d'électrolyse. Ce fond en carbone (18) présente du milieu (M) de la cellule au bord de la cellule une résistance électrique augmentant dans le sens vertical (z) dans le sens (y) des barres conductrices (22). Le fond en carbone (18) peut être divisé en couches (S1 à S10) de résistances électriques différentes dans le sens vertical (z) et les couches peuvent être disposées les unes à côté des autres dans le sens (y) des barres conductrices (22). Ce fond en carbone à résistance électrique variable permet d'influer de façon déterminante sur l'état d'équilibre métallohydrodynamique, ce qui permet d'améliorer le rendement en courant et d'augmenter la durée de vie de la cellule.
PCT/EP2002/001092 2001-02-14 2002-02-02 Fond en carbone d'une cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium Ceased WO2002064860A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810150A EP1233083A1 (fr) 2001-02-14 2001-02-14 Fond en carbone d'une cellule d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
EP01810150.1 2001-02-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002064860A1 true WO2002064860A1 (fr) 2002-08-22

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PCT/EP2002/001092 Ceased WO2002064860A1 (fr) 2001-02-14 2002-02-02 Fond en carbone d'une cellule d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium

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EP (1) EP1233083A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002064860A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2285754C1 (ru) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" Катодная секция алюминиевого электролизера
WO2014091023A1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Sgl Carbon Se Pierre latérale pour une paroi dans une cellule d'électrolyse servant à la réduction de l'aluminium

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10164011C1 (de) * 2001-12-28 2003-05-08 Sgl Carbon Ag Verfahren zum Graphitieren von Kathodenblöcken
DE10164008C1 (de) * 2001-12-28 2003-04-30 Sgl Carbon Ag Graphitierte Kathodenblöcke
RU2284374C2 (ru) * 2004-01-05 2006-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") Способ газопламенного обжига подины алюминиевого электролизера
RU2284375C2 (ru) * 2004-11-30 2006-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") Способ формирования подины алюминиевого электролизера
DE102011086040A1 (de) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-16 Sgl Carbon Se Elektrolysezelle, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Aluminium, mit einer wannenförmigen Kathode
NO2650404T3 (fr) 2012-04-12 2018-06-09
US9903035B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2018-02-27 The Regents Of The University Of California Devices, systems and methods for coating surfaces

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786024A (en) * 1953-04-16 1957-03-19 Elektrokemisk As Arrangement of cathode bars in electrolytic pots
US3787311A (en) * 1970-12-12 1974-01-22 Giulini Gmbh Geb Cathode for the winning of aluminum
FR2789092A1 (fr) * 1999-02-02 2000-08-04 Carbone Savoie Cathode graphique pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786024A (en) * 1953-04-16 1957-03-19 Elektrokemisk As Arrangement of cathode bars in electrolytic pots
US3787311A (en) * 1970-12-12 1974-01-22 Giulini Gmbh Geb Cathode for the winning of aluminum
FR2789092A1 (fr) * 1999-02-02 2000-08-04 Carbone Savoie Cathode graphique pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2285754C1 (ru) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" Катодная секция алюминиевого электролизера
WO2014091023A1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Sgl Carbon Se Pierre latérale pour une paroi dans une cellule d'électrolyse servant à la réduction de l'aluminium
JP2016505714A (ja) * 2012-12-13 2016-02-25 エスジーエル・カーボン・エスイー アルミニウムを還元するための電解漕の壁用側壁レンガ

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