WO2002052149A1

WO2002052149A1 - Wind- or water-powered device used for generating electric energy, driving pumps or the like

Info

Publication number: WO2002052149A1
Application number: PCT/SE2001/002869
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kjell Buind
Original assignee: GOTAPATENT AB
Current assignee: GOTAPATENT AB
Priority date: 2000-12-27
Filing date: 2001-12-21
Publication date: 2002-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2003-06-27
Also published as: SE0004845L; SE0004845D0

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind- or water-driven device (1) for generation of electric current and for driving pumps or the like, comprising a rotational shaft (8), positioned right across the driving medium, and shafts (4) parallel to it and carrying in relation to the rotational shaft parallel rotor blades (5), which by means of a shifting mechanism can be adjusted as to their position, the rotor blades on the rotational concurrent flow side ending up in a position right across the flowing medium and on the rotational counter flow side mainly turning a lateral edge area towards the medium. According to the invention said shifting mechanism is designed for individual steering of the separate rotor blades and comprises pins or the like (11), connected to the rotor blades and/or their shafts, which pins are guided in guide grooves (10; 10'; 10'', 10''') all around in a stationary curve disc (9), and in relation to the medium flow direction a stationarily maintained curve disc (9) respectively.

Description

Wind- or water-powered device used for generating electric energy, driving pumps or the like.

The present invention relates to a wind or water operated apparatus for generating electric current, operation of pumps and the like, and is described in more detail in the preamble of claim 1.

Wind mills for instance have been used in various parts of the world during about one thousand years. Whereas their application to drive milling and pumping plants has been reduced constantly, their importance as wind power plants has been growing considerably in recent years, particularly in northern Europe. Their purpose is primarily to function as an alternative or supplemental power source and to afford environmental advantages as compared to other types of power plants. However, now when in e.g. northern Europe there are thousands of wind power plants installed, there is really reason to call in question the efficiency of the presently used wind power plants, their environmental advantages and possibly also their justification . The presently used wind power plants are using giant rotor blades, fastened to a hub, which rotate about a horizontal shaft. The hub is fastened to the upper end of a column, with a height of 10-50 m, and the rotor can have a diameter of up to 50 m. Due to the enormous dimensions of a wind power plant and the arrangement of batteries on 5-50 wind power plants in just one area thoroughly destroys the landscape appearance and also the noise from the rotors, which will be added thereto, makes it completely unsuitable for people to live and reside within such a power plant area. Also, the efficiency is not impressive. Thus, the rotors have a remarkably small surface in relation to the area, which they cover, when they are moving. Also, only the central portion of the rotor blades normally is efficient, since the inner portion thereof moves at a low speed and the outermost portion actually may function as a brake at higher wind velocities. Only a small fraction of the wind energy will be converted and the wind power plants will produce electricity on an average of only 20-30 % of the time. The modern wind power plants are idle at wind velocities of below 3-4 m/s and start to produce considerable amounts of energy only at wind velocities of 4-5 m/s, whereas an acceptable energy production requires wind velocities of 7-10 m/s. Thus, this is the reason, why the conventional wind power plants are idle during 70-80 % of the time. During the winter time and in cold geographical zones the rotor blades may be covered with ice. Because said rotor dimensions are so large and the speed of the outer rotor can be as high as up to 180 km/li, it is easy to understand, that ice pieces, which come loose, can be thrown a long way, and that serious dangers and damages within such a wind power plant area may arise. The above-mentioned wind power plant constructions of course cannot be used at all as water power plants. To the extent that water power plants already are known , they also suffer from many types of drawbacks, even if they are different, and primarily an energy yield, which is not profitable or actually negligible.

In addition to the above-mentioned wind power plant constructions, which completely dominate the market, the possibility of arranging pivotable blades about a common vertical shaft as well as about individual vertical shafts has been considered. Regarding such horizontal wind wheels, the blades will, thanks to shifting mechanisms designed in various ways , when they travel in the leading wind direction, assume a position perpendicularly to the wind and in the opposite wind direction assume an increasingly small angle, which is necessary , to make such a wind wheel rotate at all. A wind vane can be used, designed to provide all the time an accurate wind direction orientation to said shifting mechanisms.

Examples of such wind wheels are described in DE-A- 1 229 , DE-A-5 939, US-A-4 218 184 and US-A-4 282 944. None of these constructions have probably ever reached a sufficient maturity for full signed testing and multiple production. The various parts in general and particularly said shiftmg mechanisms must be regarded as too complicated, theoretical , fragile and defective to e.g. in full size be able to resist tough weather, be mainly trouble-free and have a satisfactory life. The shiftmg mechanisms function solely collectively for all the blades simultaneously and uniformly, a far-reaching optimization of the shifting angle not being feasible. Consequently, large harmful lever actions may be developed , which will become a strain on the entire device. Also, the blades per se are throughout designed as simple plane plates, which certainly is not optimal in several respects.

The main object of the present invention is to improve on the last-mentioned constructions in order to obtain an optimal efficiency, a minimal disturbance sensitivity and a large life, also under tough weather conditions. It should above all become possible to fully utilize the capacity of each blade and develop respectively a minimal resistance in each functional situation. Also, important and sensitive parts must be maximally protected. One aspect of these objects is to develop a device, which is able to perform also at very low wind and water velocities respectively, e.g. wind velocities of 1-2 m/s, and consequently is able to produce energy during a much longer time share than , what has been possible so far.

These objects are attained according to the invention by using a device of the type described in the introductional portion of this text and which mainly is defined in the way set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 1. Tests have shown, that a device according to the invention can generate commercially useful energy during more than 80 % of the time, in contrast to about 20 % for certain conventional devices. Also, it has been found, that a device according to the invention is able to produce about the same amount of energy at wind velocities of about 2 m/s as conventional devices can produce at wind velocities of about 1 m/s. A design according to the invention can be given considerably smaller total construction dimensions and a much more compact design than what has been feasible so far. Dangerous ice piece shots from the device are almost excluded, also during extreme weather conditions and practically no noise generation occurs. All the rotor elements and other device elements are displaced maximally with the velocity of the wind. Super speeds and large drawbacks caused thereby do not occur. Consequently, devices according to the invention can without problems be built adjacent houses and people, animals and objects can practically without problems and drawbacks exist in the neighborhood of such devices. Thanks to the new features of the invention the capacity of each rotor blade can be maximally utilized and the blades all the time maintained in an optimal position, also in relation to other rotor blades, such other ratable blades e.g. also being able to receive medium flows, which will contribute to the rotation.

Additional features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following description, reference being made to the enclosed drawings, which show a few preferred but not limiting embodiments. The drawings show in detail :

Fig. 1 a perspective view from above of some main elements of a device in principal according to the invention ;

Fig. 2 a-f sequential positions of the blades in a rotor blade arrangement according to Fig. 1, when the device is rotating in a clockwise direction ; Fig. 3 a view from above of a curve disc, an element in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and provided with rotor blades in various functional positions ;

Fig. 4 a fragmentary and schematized lateral view of the device according to Figs. 1-3 ;

Fig. 5 a-d view corresponding to Fig. 3 of a modified curve disc, provided with rotor blades , shown in various sequential functional positions ; Fig. 6 a-d views corresponding to Fig. 5 of an additional modified curve disc provided with double grooves for guiding articulated rotor blades, Fig. 6 e showing such a rotor blade in a lateral view and in a view from above respectively, and Fig. 6 f showing a groove switch ;

Fig. 7 on a larger scale a view from above of a curve disc according to Fig. 6, provided with rotor blades in various sequential positions ; Fig. 8 a partially schematized lateral view of the important elements of a device according to Fig. 6 ;

Fig. 9 a view from above of an additional modified device according to the invention with articulated rotor blades, provided with lateral flaps ; Fig. 10 a fragmentary, schematized lateral view of the important elements of a device according to

Fig.9 ;

Figs. 11 and 12 views from above of a device according to Figs. 9 and 10 and a device respectively with a collective rotor blade steering element in the same functional position, showing the medium flow conditions ; Figs. 13 and 14 perspective views from above of the devices shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the medium flow conditions at a perspective angle being illustrated ;

Figs. 15, 16 and 17 views of an additional modified rotor according to the invention, comprising blades with wing portions, inserted into each other, in various sequential functional positions ;

Figs. 18, 19 and 20 in schematized format and partially omitting certain parts an additional modified rotor blade according to the invention in three different actuation positions ; and

Fig. 21 a rotor with six rotor blades, shown in positions according to Figs. 18-20.

In the various drawings the same or similar parts have the same reference numerals.

Thus, all of the embodiments of a device according to the invention has the reference numeral 1. These embodiments can comprise parts not shown , e.g. a wind vane and a column or the like, on which the design shown in the drawings can be mounted. However, a column or the like is not necessary, but it is possible to arrange the principal parts, shown in Fig. 1, e.g. on the roof of a house, on chimneys , mountain tops, in a water course etc. The selected arrangement will preferably be the one shown, i.e. having plane discs and vertical rotor blade shafts. However, in certain cases, e.g. when the device is to be immersed in a water course, the lower disc may be positioned uppermost, i.e. the device will be turned upside-down. In certain other cases the discs may have a vertical orientation and the rotor blade shafts a horizontal orientation. This is simply a matter of convenience regarding a suitable attachment for the stationary or semi-stationary parts.

Fig. 1 shows a rotary, possibly semi-stationary or not rotary top disc 2 and plane-parallel a rotary bottom disc 3 at a distance from it. The distance between the two discs is bridged by means of shafts 4 with rotor blades 5, fastened to the shafts in a parallel and roughly central position. The shafts suitably are rotatably mounted in said discs by means of bearings 6 and 7 respectively. Bottom disc 3 is e.g. , via a central shaft 8, by means of bearings mounted on a column or the like (not shown). Also, means not shown can be used, which mutually connects the two discs, in case the two discs are designed to be rotated jointly with the shafts and the rotor blades around central shaft 8.

Below or outside the bottom disc 3 a stationary or semi-stationary curve disc 9 is disposed in a plane-parallel position in relation to the bottom disc, which curve disc in a semi-stationary design is pivotally mounted on said column or the like. The curve disc is designed to permanently be placed in a certain position in relation to the wind or the water flow direction. Since the water in e.g. a river always has the same flow direction, the curve disc may in such a case be completely stationary. However, since the winds usually blow in different directions, a wind vane (not shown) suitably is connected to the curve disc, when the wind force is to be utilized; which wind vane is used to maintain the orientation direction in relation to the predominant wind direction. Instead of using a directly connected wind vane a self supporting wind vane or the like may be used, to which a control signal wire is connected, which via an adjustment mechanism places the curve disc in the desired position.

In an endless guide groove 10, open towards bottom disc 3, in said curve disc 9, said shafts 4 are guided, suitably via crank-like extensions 11 of the shafts, the bearings of which preferably are fixed in or at the top disc and the bottom disc. As an alternative to said extensions guide pins (not shown) can be used, fastened within one of the corner areas of the rotor blades, facing the bottom disc and curve disc, which guide pins enter said guide grooves and then pass an open ring-shaped area in the bottom disc, allowing necessary- radial displacements during a rotation. In such an embodiment the shafts can be non-rotary and the blades can, by means of bearings (not shown), rotate around the shafts.

Fig. 3 shows, that rotor blades 5 are guided individually and not as a group of blades, which means unlimited possibilities for an individual guide groove design and consequently a control of each rotor blade in each position. Figs. 3 and 5, 6 and 7 also show, that the guide groove actually can and should be designed in a very special way in order to obtain optimal rotor blade positions in each rotational phase in relation to the wind or the water. Also, these figures show, that the rotor blades advantageously can be designed in an aerodynamically efficient way, namely having a profile, which for instance is relatively thick and round at one of its lateral edges and tapers off in a wedge- shaped way towards the other lateral edge. In addition to a profile, which varies from the one lateral edge to the other as regards its thickness, certain curvatures can also be used in order to obtain a maximal concurrent flow and a minimal counter-current flow effect as well as a minimal noise generation, when the wind velocities are average or high. The figures also show, that one of the lateral rotor blade edges in certain positions points inwards, towards the center of the rotor, and in certain other positions in the opposite direction, namely outwards. Fig. 3 shows, that the guide groove looks like an assembly of two mutually reversed parables, one of the parable curvatures , which is strongly bent, adequately following the circular shape of the curve disc, close to its periphery. The corresponding curvature of the other parable also follows the adjacent portion of the curve disc contour but at a larger distance from the peripheiy . The rest of the parable portions are more elongated and straight.

Fig. 5 shows a modified guide groove shape 10', which looks like the one described above, but now two guide groove portions, disposed along mutually opposite sides, follow the curve disc contour, one of them close to the adjacent periphery and the other at a somewhat larger distance from the corresponding periphery. However, the latter portion is somewhat more bent and as regards the other two guide groove portions only one of them is straighter or only slightly curved, whereas the other has a sharp inwardly directed bend with an angle of about 150°C. This bend is designed to assist in and guarantee , that the inwardly turned lateral rotor blade edge, which e.g. is more narrow, quickly and reliably will be turned outwards (compare the lower rotor blade position to the left in Fig. 5b to the lower rotor blade position to the left in Fig. 5c). Such a quick turning of the rotor blade roughly with an angle of 180° can be directly compared to a skillful sailing boat maneuver with lighting rapidity. This is mainly done in order to, during practically an entire rotation, turn the optimal lateral headwind edge of the rotor blade towards the wind. The turning maneuver takes place during such a small portion of a rotation as about 5-10 % and consequently practically is not important as regards a reduced energy capture by the respective rotor blade.

Figs. 6-8 show a modified rotor blade design 5', vertical halves 12,13 being rotatably fastened to shaft 4' and each one being rotatable via its extension 11 ' and 11" respectively, which e.g. is cranklike and is guided in its guide groove 10" and 10"' respectively . These grooves are designed as a double groove and look like a small "o" , arranged in a big "O" having a common switch area 14, which is shown in a larger scale in Fig. 6 f and which comprises a short common groove entry stretch 15, where the two incoming grooves are united, and separate groove outlets 16, 17 with a V- shape. Each of the guide pins of the two crank-like shaft extensions 11 ' and 11 " in principle follows from said area its groove up to said area 14. However, in this area an exchange of grooves now is done by means of a groove switch 18, which in a preferred embodiment is shaped like a star having three points , one of the points pointing into entry 15, whereas each one of the two other points belongs to its groove respective outlet. Fig. 6 f shows, that one of the two guide pins after passing the entry point will hit one of the outlet points in the opened-up groove, resulting in a pivoting of said one outlet point, said pin being able to pass, the entry point pivoting to the other side of entry 15 and thus closing the just a moment ago open outlet groove and the other outlet point pivoting into the just a moment ago closed outlet groove, the subsequently passing guide pin being able to hit said other outlet point and close the last-mentioned outlet groove as well as open up the first-mentioned outlet groove, in order to start a new cycle. Said switch positions will be guaranteed by means of friction and/or spring forces. In the latter case a spring-actuated eccentric can be engaged, which via a dead point allows the new switch position to be maintained . Such switches, eccentrics etc. are known in various other technical fields and additional details probably do not have to be described or shown in this context.

Each rotor blade half can suitably be rotated and guided by fastening one of the blade halves to certain parts of the shaft and by fastening the other blade half to tubular sleeves, which surround other parts of the shaft. The lowermost shaft end leads to a crank-like extension and the lowermost tubular sleeve leads to another crank-like extension.

Divided rotor blades are in combination with the curve or groove steering advantageous, in that the individual medium dirigibility is refined, particularly regarding the blade, which principally is exposed to the medium and already in an early rotation phase against the medium stream will effect the energy capture maximally and the energy counteracting minimally.

Fig. 7 shows a plurality of positions for articulated rotor blades.

Fig. 9 and 10 are principally based on the design shown in Figs. 6-8. However, suitably somewhat more narrow lateral flaps 19 and 20 are rotatably connected to the free lateral edges of the blade halves, which are parallel to the rotating shaft of the rotor blade. Said flaps are close to their upper, outer corner by means of pins 21 and 22 respectively guided in grooves 23 and 24 respectively all around in the lower side of top disc 2. It is shown in Figs. 9, 11 and 13, that the flaps are rotatable in a limited way around the lateral edges of the rotor blade halves, guided by means of said grooves, which are designed in such a way, that the flaps will end up in positions, which are favorable to the above-mentioned individual dirigibility. Thus, it is shown in e.g. Figs. 11 and 13, that e.g. the lowermost rotor blades, chiefly exposed to the medium flow, in the shown position is effected by the medium on the right side with a force component, directed to the left and causing the clockwise rotation . However, the continued flow path also effects the rotor blade, which is disposed downstreams, and hits its left side with a force component, which is directed to the right and which thus also contributes to the clockwise rotation. As regards the device according to Figs. 12 and 14, there is no similar continuation effect and a portion of the flow, which is directed against the left blades, flows away to the right, where it may harmfully effect the blade, which is positioned in the upper right corner. However, the corresponding blade in the device according to Figs. 11 and 13 directs large amounts of the medium directly to the upper blade, where these amounts fully and unreduced push this blade, substantial extra amounts of energy being utilized in this way. Also, the uppermost blade in the device according to Figs. 12 and 14 is put more in a shade by the lowermost blade and consequently obtains only an insufficient energy flow. It is possible to describe these direct and indirect influence phenomena of the device according to the invention almost ad infinitum and consequently to sum it up, it will only be observed, that the described and shown features of the invention with guide groove and rotor blade design in glaring contrast to a rigid collective steering according to the state of the art afford substantial possibilities to a far-reaching individual optimization and consequently a utilization of existing small and large natural forces.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, but it can be modified and supplemented in an arbitrary way within the scope of the inventive idea and the enclosed claims . Thus, all the individual features can of course be applied in all of the shown and described respectively embodiments. The last-mentioned flaps for instance may of course be positioned at the edges of non-articulated , i.e. stiff rotor blades, alternatively the edge, which preferably faces the medium flow, being guided in a guide groove instead of the opposite edge. Also, it is important, that the device according to the invention can be used to be driven against a medium.

hi Figs. 15-17 an additional embodiment is shown, in which the rotor blades comprise two parts, inserted into each other, which, when the device is rotated, will be pushed apart and together respectively depending on the position. In this way the blades will have an extra large surface, when they are rotated with the medium and a smaller and the smallest possible respectively surface, when they are rotated against the medium. This can be done in various ways, e.g. by means of small shiftmg motors or by means of an additional groove or a curve in the bottom and top respectively disc. The blades can e.g. be provided with slotted grooves, designed to lock shafts in the two sides. When the blade approaches a dead point, a displacement of the blade takes place by means of a mechanical tipper or the like. The blade will then be locked in this position until the next rotation.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 18-21 is to a certain extent similar to the embodiments shown in Figs. 6-11 as well as 13, in so far as in all the cases divided rotor blades are used, two or more blade parts being rotatably connected to each other and shafts 4, parallel to rotor shaft 8, being used. In Figs. 18-21 shafts 4 are also used, which at the top and at the bottom are fastened/guided in guide grooves in the top and the bottom disc 2 and 3 respectively of the rotor. The two main sides of the blades are during the movement of the rotor subjected to pressure differences, which are obtained by the higher pressure of the passing medium flow on the one side and the lower pressure on the other side. According to the invention the shape of the blade is to be changed independently depending on said pressure differences in order to obtain an aerodynamic shape similar to the shape of an aircraft wing with a convex surface on its one side and a concave surface on its other side. In this way a lifting or climbing is obtained, which transfers larger thrust forces from the blade to the rotor, the blade simultaneously being displaced with less power consumption against the medium flow and causing less not desirable turbulences. The joint or hinge and the main joint or the main hinge 27 respectively in the blade is positioned roughly between the first and the second third of the blade, counting from the blade end, which is designed to be turned against the medium stream. In Fig. 21 climbing components (arrows) 25 are shown, which are very important in the appropriate positions. Particularly in the positions from 12 AM to 6 PM the climbing will be larger than the thrust force, a substantial positive contribution being obtained during said displacement and thereby an increased total rotor efficiency. Said joint, hinge or the like 27 preferably comprises or is positioned adjacent a body 26, parallel to shafts 4 and which can extend along the entire height of the blade and be circular or oval in its cross-section. The body can be rigid or non-rigid, e.g. be made of rubber or a plastic material or metal sheet. It can be solid or hollow. The front edge and/or the rear edge of the blade suitably comprises tubes or the like 28 and 29 respectively, parallel to shafts 4. They suitably protrude from the upper and lower side of the blade, shaped as pins, and are there connected to each other by means of rods or the like 30, on which the shafts or shaft pins 4 are fastened. The rods or the like and the tubes or the like form a frame work, in relation to which the blade sides and said body are movable. The blade sides suitably are made of a sheet material, which is flexible due to its thin structure. In order to compensate the movements of the sides the one end of the rods, e.g. the rear one, can be provided with fastening holes, which are oblong in the longitudinal direction of the rods and along which the selected tube can be displaced, when the sides are deformed due to compressive stress.

Claims

1. A wind- or water-driven device (1) designed to generate an electric current and to drive pumps or the like, comprising a rotational shaft (8) , in a position perpendicular to the driving medium and with shafts (4) in parallel to it, which carry rotary blades (5) in parallel to the rotational shaft, which by means of a shifting mechanism can be adjusted in their positions, the rotor blades on the rotational side with the medium current being displaced into a position mainly perpendicular to the flowing medium and on the rotational side against the current turning a lateral edge area against the medium flow, characterized in that said shiftmg mechanism is designed to individually guide the individual rotor blades and comprises pins or the like (11), connected to the rotor blades and/or their shafts, which pins are guided in guide grooves or the like (10;10' ; 10"; 10"' ) all around in a stationary curve disc (9) or a curve disc (9), stationarily retained in relation to the medium flow direction.

2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a rotary, possibly semi-stationary or non-rotary top disc (2) and a rotary bottom disc (3) at a plane-parallel distance from the top disc, between which discs said rotor blade shafts are arranged.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor blades (5) are fastened in parallel to and roughly in a central position on said rotor blades shafts (4), which are rotatably mounted in said discs (2,3) via bearings (6 and 7 respectively) and/or in that the bottom disc (3) , preferably via a central shaft (8), by means of bearings, is carried by means of a column or the like and in that at a rotary top disc this via fastening means is connected to the bottom disc.

4. A device according to claims 1-3, characterized in that below or outside the bottom disc (3) in a plane-parallel position in relation to it said curve disc (9) is positioned, which is stationary or semi-stationary and which, designed in a semi-stationary way, is rotatably mounted on said column or the like in order to all the time be retained in a certain position in relation to the wind or water flow direction, because it is provided with a wind vane or the like or in that a free- standing wind vane or the like is connected to the curve disc, preferably via a guide signal line, which wind vane via a shifting mechanism adjusts the curve disc into its appropriate position.

5. A device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that in said endless guide grooves (10) , open towards the bottom disc (3), in said curve disc (9) said rotor blade shafts (4) are guided, suitably via crank-like extensions (11) of the shafts, the bearings of which in or besides the top disc and the bottom disc preferably are fixed and/or in that within one of the corner areas of the rotor blades, exposed to the bottom disc and the curve disc, guiding pins are mounted, which enter said guide grooves and then pass an open ring-shaped area in the bottom disc, allowing necessary radial displacements during one rotation, the rotor blade shafts preferably being rotatable around their shafts by means of bearings.

6. A device according to any of claims 1-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the rotor blades are aerodynamically designed, namely with a profile, which preferably is relatively thick and round at one of its lateral edges and tapers off in a wedge-like way towards the other lateral edge and/or in that the rotor blades are bent in order to obtain a maximum downstream effect and a minimum counter current stream effect as well as a minimum noise generation at average or high wind velocities.

7. A device according to any of claims 1-6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the guide groove (10) looks like an assembly of two mutually reversed parables, one of which , the strongly bent parable curve, adequately follows the circular shape of the curve disc close to its periphery and the corresponding curve of the other parable also follows the adjacent portion of the curve disc contour but at a longer distance from the periphery, the remaining parable portions bering more elongated and straight.

8. A device according to any of claims 1-7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a guide groove design (10') having two guide groove portions, disposed at mutually opposite sides and following the curve disc contour, one of them close to the adjacent periphery and the other somewhat further away from the corresponding periphery , where however the latter portion is somewhat more bent and where of the two remaining guide groove portions only one of them is more straight or only poorly bent, whereas the other one has a sharp bend inwards at an angle of preferably about 150°, which sharp bend is designed to allow or guarantee , that the e.g. narrow and inwardly turned lateral rotor blade edge quickly and reliably be turned outwards and that the entire rotor blade be rotated with an angle of about 180°.

9. A device according to any of claims 1-8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a rotor blade design (5 ') with vertical halves (12,13), rotatably fastened to the rotor blade shaft (4'), the capacity to rotate and be guided of each rotor blade half preferably being obtained by fastening one of the blade halves to certain parts of the rotor blade shaft, whereas the other blade half is fastened to tubular sleeves, which surround other parts of said shaft, the lowermost shaft end leading to an e.g. crank- like extension (11 ') and the lowermost tubular sleeve leading to a second crank-like extension (11"), which extensions (11 ',11") with guiding pins are guided in a respective guide groove (10" and 10"' respectively), which grooves are designed as a double groove, which looks like a small "o", arranged in a big "O" with a common switch area (14), which includes a short common groove entry stretch (15), where the two incoming grooves are united, and separate groove outlets (16,17) with a V-shaped angle between them, said guide pins being designed to follow in the rotational direction from said area their respective grooves all the way to said switch area, where however an exchange of grooves by means of a groove switch (18) will take place.

10. A device according to claim 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the guide switch (18) is designed as a star with three points, one of the star points being directed into said entry (15), whereas the two other points belong to two respective groove outlets (16,17), one of the shaft extensions after the passage of the entry star point being designed to hit one of the outlet star points in the opened up groove, causing a pivoting of said one outlet star point, said pin being able to pass and the entry point to pivot over to the other side of the entry (15) in order to close the just a moment ago open outlet groove and the other outlet point to pivot into the other just a minute ago closed outlet groove to allow the next passing guide pin to hit said other outlet point and close the last-mentioned outlet groove as well as open up the first-mentioned outlet groove in order to start a new cycle, said shift positions being designed to be guaranteed by means of friction and/or spring forces, e.g. a spring- actuated eccentric being used , which via a dead point makes the maintenance of the new shift position possible.

11. A device according to claim 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that suitably somewhat more narrow lateral flaps (19,20) are rotatably connected to the free lateral edges of the blade halves, parallel to the main shaft of the rotor blade, which lateral flaps close to their upper, outer comer area via pins (21 and 22 respectively) are guided in grooves (23 and 24 respectively) preferably all around in the lowermost side of the top disc (2), the flaps being rotatable with a limitation about the lateral edges of the rotor blade halves, guided by the above-mentioned grooves, which are designed in such a way, that the flaps end up in positions, which benefit the above-mentioned individual dirigibility, e.g. a rotor blade, primarily exposed against the medium flow, being influenced by the medium on its one side with a force component directed towards the other side, contributing to the rotation, and also the continued flow path being designed to influence rotor blades , positioned downstreams and to act on its one side with a force component, directed towards the other side, which thus also is designed to contribute to the rotation.

12. A device according to any of claims 1-11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the rotor blades (5) are divided in such a way, that two or more blade parts are rotatably connected to each other via shafts (4), parallel to the rotor shaft (8), which shafts are fastened and guided respectively in guide grooves in the top and the bottom disc (2 and 3 respectively) , in that these rotor blades have a fixed frame work per se, in relation to which the two main sides of the blade are independently and deformably guided by the pressure difference between the two main sides of the blade, i.e. depending on the higher pressure of the passing medium on the one main side and the lower pressure on the other, in order to attain an aerodynamic design, which looks like an aircraft wing with a convex surface on the one side and a concave surface on the other in order to obtain a lifting or climbing effect in order to transfer larger driving forces from the blades to the rotor, the blades simultaneously being allowed to move with less power consumption against the medium flow and to cause less not desirable turbulences, in that the joint or the like (27) in the blade preferably is positioned roughly between the first and the second third of the blade, counted from the blade end, which is designed to be turned against the medium flow, in that said joint or the like comprises or is positioned adjacent respectively a body (26), parallel to the shafts (4), which body preferably extends along the entire height of the blade and is circular or oval in cross-section, in that the body is rigid or non-rigid, e.g. is made of rubber or a plastic material or metal sheet, in that it is solid or hollow, in that it is a part of said joint or the like (27) or is positioned adjacent it, in that the front and/or rear edge of the blade suitably comprises tubes or the like (28 and 29 respectively), parallel to the shafts (4), which tubes within the area of the lower and the upper side respectively of the blade are connected to each other by means of rods or the like (30), on which the shafts or the shaft pins (4) are fastened, in that the rods or the like and or the tabes or the like form a frame work, in relation to which the blade sides and said body are moveable, in that the blade sides suitably are made of a sheet material, which is flexible thanks to its thin structure, and in that in order to compensate the movements of the sides, the one side of the rods or the like , e.g. the rear one, suitably is provided with a fastening hole, which is oblong in the longitudinal direction of the rod and along which the selected tube can slide, when the sides are deformed through compressive forces.