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WO2001033114A1 - Ensemble bielle et axe de piston - Google Patents

Ensemble bielle et axe de piston Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001033114A1
WO2001033114A1 PCT/GB2000/004161 GB0004161W WO0133114A1 WO 2001033114 A1 WO2001033114 A1 WO 2001033114A1 GB 0004161 W GB0004161 W GB 0004161W WO 0133114 A1 WO0133114 A1 WO 0133114A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston pin
connecting rod
piston
pin
welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2000/004161
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Oliver Bryce Carey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU10443/01A priority Critical patent/AU1044301A/en
Publication of WO2001033114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001033114A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/12—Connection to driving members with piston-rods, e.g. rigid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/003—Pistons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a connecting rod/piston pin assembly, particularly, though not exclusively, a connecting rod/piston pin for an internal combustion piston engine .
  • a known connecting rod comprises a body with a stem which connects an opening at one end, the little end, to an opening at the other end, the big end.
  • a crank-pin of a crankshaft passes through the big end and a piston pin or gudgeon pin (hereinafter referred to as a "piston pin") passes through the little end.
  • the piston pin also passes through bosses provided by the piston and which form an integral part of said piston.
  • the piston pin has a cylindrical outer surface which is in contact with the piston boss and little end cylindrical bores and is constrained to rotate or oscillate about the longitudinal axis of the piston pin in one or both of these component bores.
  • the piston pin may be fixed in the little end by means of an interference fit or otherwise, or it may be free to rotate in the little end in which case a bearing bush is frequently inserted into the little end.
  • the little end consists of a cylindrical bore which is machined to close tolerances and whose axis is coaxial to those of the piston boss bores .
  • a feature of the above described arrangement is that the little end bore provides a continuous circumferential surface which encloses the piston pin and thereby separates the piston bosses; an alternative arrangement with one piston boss and two co-axial little ends embracing said boss still requires that only part of the length of the pin may be used to come into contact with the piston to withstand the combustion loads on said piston.
  • the high combustion loads in the engine subject the piston pin to bending stresses due to the longitudinally offset positions of the piston bosses with respect to the little end of the connecting rod.
  • a method for the assembly of a connecting rod and a load-bearing piston pin to a piston said piston including at least one piston pin boss to retain said piston pin: the method comprising the steps of inserting said piston pin into said at least one piston pin boss and attaching an end of a stem of said connecting rod remote from a big end thereof directly to said piston pin by welding .
  • a connecting rod and piston pin assembly wherein an end of a stem of the connecting rod remote from a big end thereof is welded to said piston pin.
  • the piston pin may be generally cylindrical but may include features deviating from a true cylindrical form such as so- called “barrelling" for example.
  • the criterion for the piston pin is that it must be able to oscillate in the piston boss or bosses in which it is located.
  • the piston pin may be substantially spherical and oscillate within a spherically shaped boss in the form of a socket in the piston.
  • the end of the connecting rod stem is immovably and directly connected to the piston pin with regard to the possibility of relative movement therebetween.
  • piston pin boss there may be only one piston pin boss or two piston pin bosses. Where there is one piston pin boss, at least the end of the connecting rod stem adjacent the piston pin may be bifurcated so as to embrace that part of the boss which sustains piston inertia loads during operation of an engine. Where there are two piston pin bosses the end of the connecting rod stem may lie between said piston pin bosses .
  • the piston pin boss or bosses may have an upper surface, which sustains the fuel combustion loads, in the form of a single continuous surface of contact between piston and pin to transmit the combustion loads on said piston to said connecting rod for substantially the full length of said pin.
  • the use of a little end bore in the connecting rod is thus avoided and as a consequence it may be possible to reduce significantly the length of the said piston pin with associated reductions in bending stresses and reduced mass of the piston/piston pin/connecting rod assembly.
  • the surfaces of those parts of the piston boss or bosses for transmitting inertia loads in the region of top dead centre may remain separated to allow the connecting rod stem to pass between.
  • the transition between these two said surfaces of contact on the piston pin may take a variety of configurations that will depend on the machining requirements of the piston and the necessary clearance to allow the stem to pass and oscillate with respect to the piston.
  • the angular arc, as measured about the longitudinal axis of said pin, of the contact surface between pin and piston which may be provided for substantially the whole length of the pin may be less than ninety degrees or up to more than one hundred and eighty degrees.
  • the means of attachment of the stem to the piston pin may be by a variety of welding methods which may or may not ultimately permit the dismantling of the assembly.
  • One method involves the insertion of the piston pin into the piston bosses followed by the welding of the connecting rod stem directly to the pin.
  • a particular method of welding is friction welding where the pin is brought into relative movement with the connecting rod and the two components are brought together to create sufficient heat from friction to result in plastic welding.
  • the pin will be inserted into the piston and then either the whole assembly or the connecting rod will be rotated and both components will be brought into contact with each other with sufficient pressure and for a controlled time period to frictionally melt or plasticise a film of contacting surface; and thereafter ceasing said rotational driving while holding said surfaces together with sufficient forging pressure to allow the melted film to recrystallise and create a metallurgical bond between the faces on pin and stem.
  • This method is both suitable for mass production and can also permit welding of a finish machined piston and connecting rod since the rod can be held at the correct alignment and distance to the pin during solidification to ensure that the big end bore and piston face needs no further machining.
  • An advantage of this welding technique is the ability to weld a case hardened steel piston pin to a medium to low carbon or low alloy steel connecting rod; in addition there is the possibility to weld directly onto the cylindrical surface of the piston pin thus avoiding the need to machine circumferential features on said pin for the stem of the connecting rod to contact.
  • the upset flash resulting from the weld may be left in situ or alternatively machined off.
  • Alternative methods to friction welding may include the techniques of laser welding, electron beam welding or plasma keyhole welding where these processes involve the minimum distortion and relative movement of the piston pin and connecting rod.
  • any other suitable welding methods able to join the piston pin to the end of the connecting rod stem may be employed.
  • a method of forming and joining a connecting rod and a load-bearing piston pin comprising the steps of providing a connecting rod and piston pin unit, the piston pin being formed integrally with said connecting rod; separating said piston pin from said connecting rod by fracture splitting; machining a required cylindrical surface on said piston pin; machining suitable features on said piston pin and said connecting rod portions to enable them to be reconnected by mechanical fastening means; and, reconnecting said piston pin and said connecting rod together by mechanical fastening means.
  • a connecting rod and piston pin fastened together by mechanical fastening means wherein a mating interface between said connecting rod and said piston pin comprises a fracture split surface.
  • the mating interface between the rod and pin will thus consist of the reunited metal grains originally present in an integrally formed connecting rod and piston pin prior to fracture splitting.
  • An advantage of the third aspect of the present invention is that it avoids expensive machining of the piston pin and connecting rod stem to provide suitable alignment of the connecting rod big end bore to the piston axis, the pin and connecting rod stem may be made as a single piece and then separated by fracturing. Using such a method permits the subsequent machining of the piston pin and connecting rod separately while still ensuring the correct alignment and mating of the two pieces during assembly. Final machining of the connecting rod, such as the big end portion for example, may be done with the piston pin attached to the connecting rod stem. Engagement of the fractured surfaces assures correct alignment of the big end bore and piston pin axis .
  • a further feature of this process may be the provision of the engaging fractured surfaces to lie within the projected cylindrical surface of the machined piston pin thereby permitting the pin to be passed through the piston bosses prior to reconnection of the piston pin and piston assembly to the connecting rod stem.
  • suitable notches may be provided on the integral piston pin/connecting rod unit prior to fracturing. Such notches may provided during the forming process of the integral rod and pin unit such as by pressing during a powder metallurgy forming route for example; subsequently by laser notching for example; or, by mechanical cutting means for example. However, any suitable method of notch forming, where employed, may be utilised. Finish machining of the piston pin may be performed using the same techniques as for traditional separate pins such as by cylindrical grinding, for example.
  • the mechanical fastening means may comprise a threaded screw for example.
  • An important advantage of the method of the present invention conferred by the fracture surface is that the torque generated by turning a screw to fasten the rod and piston pin together is adequately resisted by the rough, intimately interlocking surface provided by the fractured metal grains and ensures the accurate required relative orientation of the axes of the piston pin, connecting rod and big end. Such accuracy of the axes would not be possible if the mating faces between the rod stem end and the piston pin were merely machined flat faces for example. Furthermore, it is not unusual during operation of an engine for torsional stresses to be developed between the piston/piston pin and connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod stem may include a bifurcated portion, for example, to allow access of the fastening means to the piston pin portion.
  • the integral connecting rod and piston pin may be formed by any suitable method such as, for example, casting, forging, powder compaction and sintering, powder forging, sinter forging.
  • the materials used for the connecting rod and piston pin unit may be any suitable for the eventual engine application and may include steels, cast irons, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys or composite materials, for example .
  • a co-operating piston may also possess a continuous load- bearing surface with the upper face of the piston pin as described above with regard to the first and second aspects of the present invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show side views of one embodiment of a connecting rod and piston assembly according to the present invention
  • Figures 3 and 4 show similar side views to Figs 1 and 2 of a second embodiment
  • Figures 5 and 6 show views at 90° to each other of the piston pin end of an integrally formed connecting rod and piston pin which have been fracture split from each other;
  • Figures 7 and 8 show similar views to Figures 1 and 2 of the connecting rod and piston pin of Figures 5 and 6 assembled to a piston.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a connecting rod 1 comprising a big end opening 2, a stem 3 which is attached to a piston pin 4.
  • a piston 5 has bosses 6 to hold said pin 4 and said bosses 6 provide a continuous upper load bearing surface 7 for the complete length of said pin to resist combustion forces on the piston crown.
  • the stem 3 of the connecting rod 1 is attached to the piston pin 4 with a weld 8 that is achieved after assembly of the pin 4 into the piston bosses 6 using a known friction welding process.
  • the piston/piston pin assembly and the connecting rod are rigidly held and mutually rotated under conditions of pressure therebetween until a layer of metal at the junction melts or becomes plastic whereupon the two components are stopped in a predetermined position relative to each other and a forging pressure is maintained until the metal at the weld 8 has solidified.
  • the length of the connecting rod 1 and the conditions of the friction welding process are carefully controlled such that the distance between the axes of the big end 2 and the piston pin 4 finish at a predetermined distance to each other. Some post-welding machining of the big end portion of the rod 1 may be effected to reach a final accurate spacing of the said axes.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show another embodiment of the assembly where there is a single piston boss 9 to withstand top dead centre inertia loads and the stem 3 separates to provide a forked or bifurcated portion 10 to form two points of attachment to the piston pin 4 such as the welds indicated at 11.
  • the welds 11 may be achieved using laser, electron beam or plasma key hole welding; friction vibration welding may also be possible.
  • the piston pin 4 is again inserted into the piston boss 9 after being machined and the welds 11 are effected whilst the piston/piston pin assembly and connecting rod are held in the required mutual orientation. Again, some minor machining of the big end portion of the connecting rod may be effected after welding to ensure accuracy of the axes of the big end and piston pin and their mutual spacing.
  • Figures 5 to 8 show another embodiment of the assembly where the pin 4 initially forms an integral part with the stem 3 and said parts are fractured to separate them and thus permit assembly.
  • An integral connecting rod and piston pin unit 20 are initially formed as shown by the outer dashed lines 22 in Figures 5 an 6.
  • the unit 20 is produced by casting and forging of a single suitable piece of hardenable steel for example. Rough machining of the unit may be carried out prior to fracture.
  • the unit 20 is provided with notches 24 which are forged or machined at suitable positions in the region of the transition between the stem 3 and pin 4. Case hardening of the unit or part of the unit may be effected prior to fracture so as to assist the formation of brittle surfaces for reliable re-assembly.
  • the fracture surface 12 is positioned, by virtue of the notches 24, to lie within the projected machined surface 26 of the pin 4.
  • the finish machining of the piston pin may be performed so that the majority or all of the fracture surface 12 lies within the projected machined cylindrical surface 26 consequently enabling known machining techniques such as grinding to be employed.
  • On re-assembly of the pin to the stem 3 of the connecting rod there may be a small area of non-engaging fracture surface remaining on the connecting rod. Finish machining of the rod big end bore may be effected with or without the pin being assembled to the rod. Alignment jigs may be necessary to ensure correct engagement of the fracture surfaces particularly when the pin 4 is inserted in the piston bosses 6 prior to attachment of the rod to the pin.
  • the rod stem 3 is in the form of two legs 30 having a space 32 therebetween to accommodate a bolt 16 which engages with a threaded hole 36 machined into the pin 4 after fracture splitting.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des ensembles de bielle (3, 30) et axe de piston (4), ainsi que des procédés pour leur fabrication. La bielle peut être reliée à un axe de piston par soudage (8, 11), avec l'axe de piston in situ dans le piston (5). On mentionne comme techniques appropriées le soudage par friction ou d'autres procédés tels que soudage au laser ou à faisceau d'électrons par exemple. Comme autres procédés d'assemblage de la bielle avec l'axe de piston, on mentionne encore des techniques telles que le refendage par rupture (12).
PCT/GB2000/004161 1999-10-30 2000-10-27 Ensemble bielle et axe de piston Ceased WO2001033114A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU10443/01A AU1044301A (en) 1999-10-30 2000-10-27 A connecting rod and piston pin assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9925708.1 1999-10-30
GBGB9925708.1A GB9925708D0 (en) 1999-10-30 1999-10-30 A connecting rod/piston pin assembly

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001033114A1 true WO2001033114A1 (fr) 2001-05-10

Family

ID=10863655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/004161 Ceased WO2001033114A1 (fr) 1999-10-30 2000-10-27 Ensemble bielle et axe de piston

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1044301A (fr)
GB (1) GB9925708D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001033114A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003014500A1 (fr) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Siegenia-Aubi Kg Ferrure
WO2006048036A1 (fr) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Soudage en bouchon au moyen de plasma pour de l'acier durcissable
WO2007028718A1 (fr) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 Acc Austria Gmbh Liaison piston-bielle
DE102008030897B3 (de) * 2008-06-30 2009-08-13 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn Montageverfahren für ein Lager an einer Welle
DE102008011922A1 (de) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen, hergestellt mittels eines Multi-Orbitalen Reibschweißverfahrens
KR101272987B1 (ko) 2010-09-15 2013-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 엔진의 피스톤 장치

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4548125A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-10-22 Mtu Motorn-Und Turbinen Union Gmbh Piston arrangement, particularly for an internal combustion engine
DE3602576A1 (de) * 1986-01-29 1987-07-30 Mahle Gmbh Tauchkolben, insbesondere fuer verbrennungsmotoren, mit fest an den kolbenbolzen montiertem pleuel
JPS631856A (ja) * 1986-06-20 1988-01-06 Matsushita Refrig Co 電動圧縮機のピストン装置
DE4227708A1 (de) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-03 Eckart Woessner Kolben für einen Vier-Takt-Verbrennungsmotor
US5507093A (en) * 1993-04-05 1996-04-16 Hammerwerk Schulte Gmbh & Co. Kg Forged-steel connecting rod
DE29608749U1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1996-07-11 Speck, Axel, Dipl.-Ing., 42781 Haan Kolben-Pleuel-Verbindung mit integriertem Bolzen und geteiltem Gleitlager

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4548125A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-10-22 Mtu Motorn-Und Turbinen Union Gmbh Piston arrangement, particularly for an internal combustion engine
DE3602576A1 (de) * 1986-01-29 1987-07-30 Mahle Gmbh Tauchkolben, insbesondere fuer verbrennungsmotoren, mit fest an den kolbenbolzen montiertem pleuel
JPS631856A (ja) * 1986-06-20 1988-01-06 Matsushita Refrig Co 電動圧縮機のピストン装置
DE4227708A1 (de) * 1992-08-21 1994-03-03 Eckart Woessner Kolben für einen Vier-Takt-Verbrennungsmotor
US5507093A (en) * 1993-04-05 1996-04-16 Hammerwerk Schulte Gmbh & Co. Kg Forged-steel connecting rod
DE29608749U1 (de) * 1996-05-17 1996-07-11 Speck, Axel, Dipl.-Ing., 42781 Haan Kolben-Pleuel-Verbindung mit integriertem Bolzen und geteiltem Gleitlager

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 195 (M - 705) 7 June 1988 (1988-06-07) *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003014500A1 (fr) * 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Siegenia-Aubi Kg Ferrure
CZ299956B6 (cs) * 2001-08-10 2009-01-07 Siegenia-Aubi Kg Kování pro okno nebo dvere a zpusob výroby uzavíracího cepu
WO2006048036A1 (fr) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Soudage en bouchon au moyen de plasma pour de l'acier durcissable
DE112004001205B4 (de) * 2004-11-05 2010-11-11 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Plasma-Stichlochschweißen von härtbarem Stahl sowie ein Verbund und Fahrzeug
WO2007028718A1 (fr) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 Acc Austria Gmbh Liaison piston-bielle
DE102008011922A1 (de) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen, hergestellt mittels eines Multi-Orbitalen Reibschweißverfahrens
DE102008030897B3 (de) * 2008-06-30 2009-08-13 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn Montageverfahren für ein Lager an einer Welle
KR101272987B1 (ko) 2010-09-15 2013-06-10 현대자동차주식회사 엔진의 피스톤 장치
US8549989B2 (en) 2010-09-15 2013-10-08 Hyundai Motor Company Piston apparatus for engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9925708D0 (en) 1999-12-29
AU1044301A (en) 2001-05-14

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