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WO2001026482A1 - Composition a base de quinone polycyclique et d'ionophore destinee a reduire de facon synergetique la production de methane chez les ruminants - Google Patents

Composition a base de quinone polycyclique et d'ionophore destinee a reduire de facon synergetique la production de methane chez les ruminants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001026482A1
WO2001026482A1 PCT/US2000/027822 US0027822W WO0126482A1 WO 2001026482 A1 WO2001026482 A1 WO 2001026482A1 US 0027822 W US0027822 W US 0027822W WO 0126482 A1 WO0126482 A1 WO 0126482A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ruminant
ionophore
rumen
anthraquinone
polycyclic quinone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2000/027822
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth E. Ballinger, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DCV Inc
Original Assignee
DCV Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DCV Inc filed Critical DCV Inc
Priority to KR1020027004752A priority Critical patent/KR20020042866A/ko
Priority to EP00968885A priority patent/EP1231844A1/fr
Priority to CA002382732A priority patent/CA2382732A1/fr
Priority to JP2001529281A priority patent/JP2003529333A/ja
Priority to AU78740/00A priority patent/AU7874000A/en
Priority to NZ518372A priority patent/NZ518372A/en
Publication of WO2001026482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001026482A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/01—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/195—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C50/00—Quinones
    • C07C50/16—Quinones the quinoid structure being part of a condensed ring system containing three rings
    • C07C50/18—Anthraquinones, i.e. C14H8O2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies

Definitions

  • Control of methane production by methanogenic bacteria in ruminant animals has important agronomic impact.
  • Use of inhibitors to control the methane produced by ruminants has been recognized as a part of the mechanism for feed efficiency that results when mixed with cattle feed for both dairy and meat production.
  • An effective additive to boost ruminant feed efficiency is a well-established part of the agronomic practice for commercial ruminant farming.
  • Methanogenic bacteria form methane by an anaerobic process.
  • the group comprises the genera Methanococcus, Methanobacteri m, Methanosarcina, Methanobrevibacter, Methanothermus, Methanothrix, Methanospirillum, Methanomicrobium, Methanococcoides, Methanogenium and Methanoplanus.
  • Inhibitors of methanogenesis in rumen perform two important functions. Cows and sheep lose 5-10% of their caloric intake to the formation of methane and the resulting loss of a carbon molecule that could have been incorporated in short chain fatty acid production. Inhibition of methane will, therefore, have a direct effect on the formation of short chain fatty acids in the rumen. Other investigators have reported the positive effect of inhibiting methane in rumen fermentation (C. J. Van Nevel, D. I. Demeyer, Manipulation of rumen fermentation, In: The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, P. N. Hobson, and (Ed) Elsevier Publishing Co. (1988)).
  • Methane inhibitors have previously been developed for feedstock additives to increase feed efficiency.
  • the inhibitors fall generally into two classes.
  • the first class induces those that affect methane formation indirectly by interfering with the electron flow upstream of the methanogen in the microbial food chain. Examples of this group would be nitrates and nitrites.
  • the second class includes those that affect methanogens directly. Examples of such compounds are ionophores, antibiotics, and polycyclic quinones. Ionophores include, for example, rumensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, avoparcin, aridcin, actaplanin, and penicillin. A more complete list is cited in: C.J. Van Nevel, D.I.
  • PCQ polycyclic quinones
  • Ionophores act as antibiotics with the result that target bacteria concentrations in the rumen are reduced. Since 9,10-anthraquinone does not reduce target bacteria concentration in the rumen, the two mechanisms are clearly distinct.
  • the invention is directed to a synergistic method for reducing methane formation in the rumen of ruminants comprising administering to the ruminant at least one ionophore compound, and at least one polycyclic quinone compound.
  • rumen refers to the gastrointestinal section found in ruminants (i.e. cattle, deer, moose, camels, sheep, goats, oxen, water buffalo, and musk oxen) where food is partially digested through bacterial fermentation.
  • Animal feed refers to a prepared solid or liquid given to a ruminant animal for sustenance, health maintenance or supplementary food.
  • an ionophore compound or the administration of a polycyclic quinine (PCQ) to a ruminant will reduce methane and boost feed efficiency in the ruminant.
  • PCQ polycyclic quinine
  • the advantage of employing this technique is to provide additional feed efficiency for agronomic benefits in ruminant raising.
  • the levels of antibiotics in feed can be reduced which helps lower the adaptive challenge by non-target bacteria in the rumen and, thereby, lessens the likelihood of adaptation and resistance by rumen bacteria to the antibiotic.
  • PCQ's Polycyclic Quinones
  • polycyclic quinone or “PCQ” refers to bicyclic, tricyclic and tetracyclic condensed ring quinones and hydroquinones, as well as precursors thereof.
  • PCQ's the non-ionic polycyclic quinones and polycyclic hydroquinones
  • PCQ's can also be used in the invention either combined with the relatively insoluble PCQ's or by themselves.
  • Such precursors are anionic salts of PCQ's, which are water soluble under alkaline anaerobic conditions. However, these materials are not stable and are easily converted to the insoluble quinone form upon exposure to oxygen.
  • anthraquinone compounds which can be used in the invention, are anthraquinone compounds.
  • anthraquinone or "AQ” refers to 9,10-anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, anthrone (9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-anthracene), 10- methylene-anthrone, phenanthrenequinone and the alkyl, alkoxy and amino Derivatives of such quinones, 6,1 l-dioxo-lH-anthra[l,2-c]pyrazine, 1,2- benzanthraquinone, 2,7-dimethylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 3- methylanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone and 1-methoxy anthraquinone.
  • 9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone, naphthoquinone
  • Anthraquinone” or “AQ” compounds can further include insoluble anthraquinone compounds, such as 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone, 1 -amino-anthraquinone, 1-chloro- anthraquinone, 2-chloro-3-carboxyl-anthraquinone, 1 -hydroxy-anthraquinone and unsubstituted anthraquinone.
  • Various ionic derivatives of these materials can be prepared by catalytic reduction in aqueous alkali.
  • anthrahydroquinone compound refers to compounds comprising the basic tricyclic structure, such as 9, 10- dihydroanthrahydroquinone, 1 ,4-dihydroanthrahydroquinone, and l,4,4a,9a- tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone.
  • Anthrahydroquinone itself is 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene.
  • both water-insoluble and water-soluble forms can be used.
  • the non- ionic compounds are largely insoluble in aqueous systems, while ionic derivatives, such as di-alkali metal salts, are largely soluble in water.
  • the water-soluble forms are stable only in high pH anaerobic fluids. Low pH fluids (pH less than about 9-10) will result in the formation of the insoluble molecular anthrahydroquinone. Aerobic solutions will incur oxidation of the anthrahydroquinones to anthraquinone. Thus, anthrahydroquinones will not exist for long periods of time in an aerated environment.
  • anthrahydroquinone treatments are usually implemented with the soluble ionic form in a caustic solution.
  • Sodium hydroxide solutions are preferred over the hydroxides of other alkali metals for economic reasons. Rumen physiology may limit the pH of such a preparation, but use of sodium hydroxide in ruminant feed is an established practice.
  • the extraordinary effectiveness of various forms of anthraquinone lies in their non- reactivity. These products are transported into the biofilm, diffuse through the biofilm voids, and then diffuse or are randomly transported by Brownian motion into the bacterial microcolonies without reduction in concentration as a consequence of a exopolysaccharide matrix present in the biofilm.
  • PCQ polycyclic quinone
  • the PCQ can be introduced as a dispersion of these solid particles throughout the feed at the appropriate dose.
  • the ionic (sodium salt) form of the PCQ will allow it to be solubilized in an anaerobic caustic solution as long as the pH is greater than 12 and preferably greater than 13. The salt stays soluble if the pH of the solution remains above about 12, with precipitation of solid PCQ taking place as the pH is reduced below this value.
  • anthraquinone is in molecular form or consists as extremely small (submicron-sizes) particles.
  • the PCQ added to the water is in the form of a suspension of finely divided particles, it is preferred that their largest dimension be no greater than 50 micrometers, and preferably no greater than 5-10 micrometers so that they can more easily pass through biofilm.
  • PCQ's block the production of adenosine triphosphate by the bacteria and thereby inhibit respiration using sulfate as an electron acceptor.
  • the sulfate-reducing bacteria respire by alternate mechanisms under these conditions and are not killed.
  • SRBs and methanogens are closely linked in their ecological niche in the rumen and other anaerobic environments.
  • the PCQ effect on methanogens is either a direct effect similar to the SRB mode of action or indirect since methanogens are dependent on SRB for micro-nutrients. In both conditions, methanogens thrive in the presence of PCQs without forming the normal levels of methane.
  • ionophores Compounds known as ionophores are generally defined as substanced that facilitate transmission of an ion, (such as sodium), across a lipid barrier such as a cell membrane.
  • ionophores Two ionophore compounds particularly suited to this invention are the Rumensin product from Eli Lilly which is a sodium salt of a complex molecule of the general formula C36H6101 1NA (formula weight 692.9) and lasalosid from Hoffman LaRoche.
  • Other ionophore compounds are discussed in the Background Section of this application, and include salinomycin, avoparcin, aridcin, actaplanin and penicillin among others.
  • ionophores act as effective antibacterial agents. Killing methane producing bacteria in the rumen of cattle decreases the loss of carbon from the rumen fluid as methane which is a similar action to AQ.
  • Inhibition of methane by ionophores follows a mode of action where methanogens and other bacteria that produce pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reduced in concentration.
  • the antibacterial action of ionophores is the direct cause of the reduction in methanogenesis (P.M. Garcia-Lopez et al., 1996 In Vitro Inhibition of Microbial Methane Production by 9,10 anthraquinone: Delaware Agricultural Experimental Station, paper no. 1567).
  • Reduction in bacteria concentration in the rumen can also affect other microlife that is generally helpful in rumen digestion and the formation of short chain fatty acids.
  • the short chain fatty acids are the source of energy required by ruminants.
  • Ionophores tend to lower concentrations of bacteria that produce hydrogen, which is contrary to the results seen with PCQ's. Hydrogen values tend to increase with PCQ's, which should lead to stimulation of bacteria levels that process hydrogen into butyrate. (B.fibrisolvens). Acetate forming bacteria are also reduced with ionophores where PCQ's would tend to stimulate the formation of more acetate if acetogenic bacteria such as (Acetitomaculum ruminis) 2 (Greening and Leedle, 1989 Enrichment and Isolation of Acetitomaculum
  • Ruminis gen.nov.sp. Nov; Acetogenic Bacteria from the Bovine Rumen. Arch. Microbial. 151 :399) are present.
  • the advantage of increased bacterial formation of short chain fatty acids is a boost in the food value of the feed ruminants.
  • the function of the PCQ is to act as an inhibitor specific for methanogens and sulfate reducers found naturally in rumen fluid.
  • Anthraquinone (AQ) is the preferred PCQ to be used in the invention.
  • the inhibition of methane by AQ is a separate and distinct mechanism from the antibiotic effect of an ionophore compound, such as Rumensin. Bacteria counts of methanogens are not affected by 9,10-anthraquinone while ionophores reduce the viability of methanogens. Therefore, the actions of the two classes of compounds are distinct and an additive effect would be expected. Contrary to expectations, the results show synergistic effects.
  • the customary method of adding a feed additive is to premix the compound with a binder and a carrier so that the premix carries a diluted concentration of active ingredient.
  • the premix is blended with the rations for the animal in a subsequent process so that there is a certified final concentration of active ingredient in the feed.
  • a further method of adding PCQ to animal rations would be a direct admixture of active ingredient with the rations by means of a liquid formulation sprayed onto the feed or by a dry formulation admixed by blending.
  • the use of a sodium salt of anthraquinone in a high pH medium could also be used as a way to enhance the distribution of AQ in animal feed.
  • Certain feeds would have nutritive improvement due to the delignification of the fibers caused by the well known action of a high pH medium and the catalytic action of AQ on the lignin bonds that make fiber less digestible.
  • the preferred concentration of ionophores such as rumensin, 2,2-dichloracetamide is preferably in the range of 0.5 ppm - 35 ppm and more preferably in the range of 5 - 10 ppm in the rumen fluid of the ruminant.
  • AQ is preferably in the range of 10 - 500 ppm and more preferably in the range of 10 - 100 ppm in the rumen fluid of the ruminant.
  • control was a complete early market lamb feed (Agway, Inc., Tully, NY) that was ground to pass through a 1-mm screen of a Wiley Mill (Arthur H. Thomas, Co., Philadelphia, PA) and contained 0.29% sulfur (dry matter basis).
  • control was supplemented with Na 2 SO 4 to yield a final concentration of 1.09% (dry matter basis).
  • Sufficient control and high sulfur feed was prepared at the start of the study and was used in all experiments.
  • Rumen fluid was obtained from a 300 kg fistulated steer with a rumen fistula.
  • the steer had limited access to a commercial calf starter (18% CP) via a computer feeder and had ad libitum access to a medium quality alfalfa hay. Care and handling of the steer followed the standards outlines in the Agricultural Animal Care and Use Handbook (Consortium, 1989). Ruminal fluid was collected approximately 4 h after the morning allocation of hay and contents were placed in a sealed thermos while being transported to the lab for processing. Within 15 min of collection, ruminal fluid was filtered through four layers of cheese cloth and placed into a re-pipette dispenser that had been purged with anaerobic grade CO 2 ( ⁇ 1 ppm O 2 ).
  • Treatments were: 1) C; 2) HS; 3) HS plus 10 ppm AQ; 4) HS plus 5 ppm rumensin
  • Fermentations supplemented with rumensin were prepared by first dissolving the rumensin in 96% ethanol and then adding the same volume of deionized water, yielding a concentration of monensin (in 48% ethanol) that would result in 5 ppm in the rumen fluid-buffer mix when 0.25 ml of the solution was added to 29.5 ml of the rumen fluid-buffer solution; finally, 0.25 ml of deionized water was added to yield a final volume of 30 ml.
  • Each of the other treatment conditions were modified by adding the same amount of ethanol to each as was present in the rumensin fermentation. This was done by doubling the concentration of the stock solutions, adding 0.25 ml of the stock solution (or deionized water for the controls) and 0.25 ml of 46% ethanol.
  • the pH of the final fermentation fluid was determined by pH probe.
  • the fermentation fluid was then acidified with 1.0 ml of 25% meta-phosphoric acid (containing 10 ppm isocaproic acid as an internal standard) to 5.0 ml of the fermentation fluid.
  • the acidified fermentation fluid was analyzed for ammonia via a phenol-hypochlorite method as described by Okuda et al. (1965).
  • the VFA were determined on a Hewlett Packard 5890A gas chromatograph using a 530 ⁇ m macro bore Carbowax M column (Supelco, Bellfonte, PA).
  • the chromatograph oven was programmed as follows 70° C, for 1 min, 5° C increase/min to 100° C, 45° C increase/min to 170° C, and final holding time of 5 min.
  • Total VFA (TVFA) concentration was calculated as the sum of all VFA.
  • the molar proportions of VFA was calculated by dividing the individual VFA by the sum of the TVFA.

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Abstract

Composition utilisée de préférence afin de réduire la production de méthane chez les ruminants. Cette composition est constituée d'un composé de quinone polycyclique et d'un composé iniophore.
PCT/US2000/027822 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 Composition a base de quinone polycyclique et d'ionophore destinee a reduire de facon synergetique la production de methane chez les ruminants Ceased WO2001026482A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020027004752A KR20020042866A (ko) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 반추 동물에서 메탄 생성의 상승효과적 감소를 위한폴리시클릭 퀴논 및 이오노포어 조성물
EP00968885A EP1231844A1 (fr) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 Composition a base de quinone polycyclique et d'ionophore destinee a reduire de facon synergetique la production de methane chez les ruminants
CA002382732A CA2382732A1 (fr) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 Composition a base de quinone polycyclique et d'ionophore destinee a reduire de facon synergetique la production de methane chez les ruminants
JP2001529281A JP2003529333A (ja) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 反芻動物におけるメタン形成を相乗的に減少させるための多環性キノンおよびイオノホア組成物
AU78740/00A AU7874000A (en) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 Polycyclic quinone and ionophore composition for the synergistic reduction of methane formation in ruminant animals
NZ518372A NZ518372A (en) 1999-10-14 2000-10-10 Polycyclic quinone and ionophore composition for the synergistic reduction of methane formation in ruminant animals

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15947899P 1999-10-14 1999-10-14
US60/159,478 1999-10-14

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EP (1) EP1231844A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003529333A (fr)
KR (1) KR20020042866A (fr)
AU (1) AU7874000A (fr)
CA (1) CA2382732A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ518372A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001026482A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009151927A3 (fr) * 2008-05-23 2010-03-11 Zimmerman Patrick R Procédé et système de surveillance et de réduction de la production de méthane par les ruminants
WO2012084629A1 (fr) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-28 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Utilisation de molécules organiques nitrooxy dans l'alimentation animale pour réduire l'émission de méthane chez les ruminants, et/ou pour améliorer la performance des ruminants
US8307785B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2012-11-13 C-Lock, Inc. Method and system for monitoring and reducing ruminant methane production
WO2012160191A3 (fr) * 2011-05-26 2013-01-31 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Utilisation d'une composition alimentaire pour animaux pour réduire les émissions de méthane par les ruminants, et/ou améliorer le rendement des ruminants
US10085419B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2018-10-02 C-Lock Inc. Modular livestock feed system for measuring animal intake and monitoring animal health
WO2019145346A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Nouvelle utilisation
WO2019145345A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Nouvelle utilisation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021038832A1 (fr) * 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 株式会社メニコン Agent améliorant l'efficacité d'aliment pour bétail, aliment favorisant le gain de poids de bétail, procédé d'élevage du bétail et procédé de limitation de la production de méthane

Citations (3)

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US5175319A (en) * 1983-04-14 1992-12-29 Burroughs Wellcome Co. Naphthoquinone derivatives
WO1994008738A1 (fr) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-28 Bio-Technical Resources Lp Inhibition par l'anthraquinone de la production de methane chez des bacteries methanogenes
WO1996014062A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Systeme d'apport d'agents antimethanogenes

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5175319A (en) * 1983-04-14 1992-12-29 Burroughs Wellcome Co. Naphthoquinone derivatives
WO1994008738A1 (fr) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-28 Bio-Technical Resources Lp Inhibition par l'anthraquinone de la production de methane chez des bacteries methanogenes
WO1996014062A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Systeme d'apport d'agents antimethanogenes

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009151927A3 (fr) * 2008-05-23 2010-03-11 Zimmerman Patrick R Procédé et système de surveillance et de réduction de la production de méthane par les ruminants
US7966971B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2011-06-28 C-Lock Inc. Method and system for monitoring and reducing ruminant methane production
US8307785B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2012-11-13 C-Lock, Inc. Method and system for monitoring and reducing ruminant methane production
WO2012084629A1 (fr) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-28 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Utilisation de molécules organiques nitrooxy dans l'alimentation animale pour réduire l'émission de méthane chez les ruminants, et/ou pour améliorer la performance des ruminants
US9902685B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2018-02-27 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Use of nitrooxy organic molecules in feed for reducing methane emission in ruminants, and/or to improve ruminant performance
CN103260424A (zh) * 2010-12-20 2013-08-21 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 硝基氧基有机分子在饲料中减少反刍动物中甲烷排放和/或改善反刍动物性能的用途
CN103260424B (zh) * 2010-12-20 2016-05-11 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 硝基氧基有机分子在饲料中减少反刍动物中甲烷排放和/或改善反刍动物性能的用途
US9266814B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2016-02-23 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Use of nitrooxy organic molecules in feed for reducing methane emission in ruminants, and/or to improve ruminant performance
CN103561586B (zh) * 2011-05-26 2016-05-04 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 饲料组合物用于减少反刍动物的甲烷排放和/或改善反刍动物表现的用途
CN103561586A (zh) * 2011-05-26 2014-02-05 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 饲料组合物用于减少反刍动物的甲烷排放和/或改善反刍动物表现的用途
WO2012160191A3 (fr) * 2011-05-26 2013-01-31 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Utilisation d'une composition alimentaire pour animaux pour réduire les émissions de méthane par les ruminants, et/ou améliorer le rendement des ruminants
US10154981B2 (en) 2011-05-26 2018-12-18 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Use of a feed composition for reducing methane emission in ruminants, and/or to improve ruminant performance
US10085419B2 (en) 2015-07-13 2018-10-02 C-Lock Inc. Modular livestock feed system for measuring animal intake and monitoring animal health
WO2019145346A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Nouvelle utilisation
WO2019145345A1 (fr) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Nouvelle utilisation
US11712424B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2023-08-01 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Non-therapeutic methods for alleviating or reducing stress symptoms of ruminants
US11793768B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2023-10-24 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Methods for the non-therapeutic alleviation or prophylaxis of symptoms of oxidative stress, reduced immune system or cartilage damage of ruminants
US12370151B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2025-07-29 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Non-therapeutic methods for alleviating or reducing stress symptoms of ruminants

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