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WO2001015071A1 - Document lisible automatiquement - Google Patents

Document lisible automatiquement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001015071A1
WO2001015071A1 PCT/SK2000/000016 SK0000016W WO0115071A1 WO 2001015071 A1 WO2001015071 A1 WO 2001015071A1 SK 0000016 W SK0000016 W SK 0000016W WO 0115071 A1 WO0115071 A1 WO 0115071A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
marks
symbolic
mark
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SK2000/000016
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ivan KOČŠ
Dusšan KOČIŠ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU70489/00A priority Critical patent/AU7048900A/en
Publication of WO2001015071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001015071A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • G06K1/121—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by printing code marks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine readable record, method of its preparation and usage. This method provides recording and reading of machine readable two-dimensional marks representing binary data placed on paper, eventually on other carrier, side, or overlaid by human readable data, or patterns.
  • This invention also involves a representation with such characteristics that the efficiency of dark pattern elements in a symbolic data mark for the representation of dual status is higher in comparison with the current practice.
  • the invention involves transparent protection of documents by means of machine readable two-dimensional marks that, if overlaid by the original print data of a document, carry the full data and secure information of electronic representation on paper and enable conversion of this information back in electronic representation free of losses, with the full reconstruction of the document.
  • Data representation is such that the number of dark elements is constant regardless of data represented by marks.
  • the number of necessary dark elements for the same level of dual statuses recognition is smaller in comparison with the current practice.
  • machine readable data representation is to be minimally disturbing for a human - reader, scattered data marks are to be of a minimal possible contrast and even grey level sensed subjective by a reader.
  • the referred invention is based on such representation of digital data dual status that elements dedicated for the representation of the complementary binary values dual status are placed in distant places in regard to the axes of symmetry of the place of a two-dimensional mark..
  • Each element participating on whole representation of dual binary values is placed on such position that its distance to one or two axes of symmetry of a symbolic data mark (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 14) is the maximal possible one.
  • the location of dark elements is given by three basic limitations: the maximal aggregate of distances to both the axes, maximal allowed distance to both the axes of symmetry and boundaries of the area allocated for a symbolic data mark (FIG. 2b, FIG. 3 and l ib).
  • This part of the area dedicated for mark representation can be used for placement of dark elements according to the value of modulation performed by a pattern or graphic information (FIG. 12).
  • the aggregate of dark elements shall be minimal, but not lower than the threshold value which affect the discriminability of the binary status represented thereby.
  • the subject of the method of recording, determination of the location and number of dark elements for coding of dual represented statuses in a symbolic data mark for data recording and reading on paper or other carrier of such mark, wherein these dark elements represent on an area available for one symbolic mark two statuses of a constant number of dark elements that position varies only, consists therein that it includes:
  • Determination of the aggregate area of the mark i.e. the number of dark elements used for coding of two statuses for data representation on an area allocated for the symbolic data mark.
  • step 1.3 Determination of the areas of the maximal distance to both the axes in compliance with the aggregate calculated in step 1.4, and condition resulted from step 1.3. Recording of one a half of the maximal allowed number of elements in one of the areas determined in step 1.5 within the limits of the area allocated for the symbolic data mark, which recording represents one a half of a symbol representing one of the two statuses which could be represented by the symbolic data mark.
  • the subject of this invention also consists in a method of recording of symbolic data marks by means of dark and light elements placed on a paper or similar carrier of print information, which includes:
  • the subject of the invention involves also a method of a transparent protection of a document dedicated for printing, which is transparent in regard to an application as well as to the document data contents by means of a field of symbolic data marks particular according to the claims 1 or 5, wherein this field is printed overlaid by the print of the proper document, wherein this protection provides a selective data and security continuity of electronic and paper document in both directions i.e. from electronic version of a document to a form printable on paper and from the paper form of the document back to the electronic version of the document, which method consists of:
  • Printing performed by overlaying of the print of the original document which is printed concurrently or in time sequence with the print of two-dimensional data symbol marks on one substrate, mostly on paper.
  • Transformation of the recognised and extracted data by a set of algorithms including also cryptographic, decompress algorithms and procedures, electronic signature, self corrective coding (decoding).
  • the invention relates also to a machine readable record which includes also data symbolic marks containing an aggregate constant number of dark elements in the whole record, and which consists of:
  • - record media like paper or other record printing substrate, data symbolic marks printed on the record medium, arranged onto a grid on positions by periodically repeating characteristics in horizontal as well as vertical direction, text or graphic print printed in an overlay with data symbolic marks, elements of a record modulation performed by a graphic pattern.
  • the subject of the invention involves also a system for data recording on paper, or other carrier and reading of machine readable marks which consists of: means for transformation and formatting of source data to a sequence of digital data embedded in individual symbolic data marks,
  • the third point of view represents such feature of marks selected for data representation, which makes these marks less disturbing for a reader, doesn't claim an allocated reserved area of the printed document which is dedicated for data only and is tolerant to an overlay by a normal text print in regard to its normal readability and machine readability of marks.
  • An increased record density imposes increasing demands on accurate localisation of data representing marks, demands on recognition of represented logical data marks. Therefrom results the importance of a marks feature enabling permanent position feedback during reading of individual marks under such condition that their dimensions are already comparable, or smaller than the allowances and distortions of print and scan process.
  • An increasing record density leads to increased calculation demands during the process of recognising of their recorded logical status.
  • the forms of marks and the locations of their components must allow recognition of the marks by few steps but robust algorithms enabling even fast and simple correction of their expected position and resistance against failures of a larger extent.
  • the area allocated for the representation of an elementary mark carrying dual binary data mostly is of a rectangular shape in a two-dimensional area. It results from the fact that we embed a maximum data available in a total area available by means of a form of a rectangle grid of symbolic data marks.
  • the goal shall be a co-existence of a printed text with data marks on the same area in an overlay, it is set such requirement of a homogenous appearance of a data marks field on the substrate of the printed text, that a reader will be not disturb by their summary level during a recognition of the text or other printed patterns, which level will include for instance from 5% to 15% of maximal dark elements in the total available printing area.
  • the submitted invention uses in its one own aspect the fact that under keeping of the total number of dark elements, a record of dark elements shall be performed on possible most outlying alternative positions in regard to the axes of symmetry of an area dedicated for a mark.
  • One embodiment of the invention uses for marks recording symmetry to both axes of symmetry concurrently.
  • the second execution uses for mark recording each symmetry axis individually.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an area of a favourable location of dark elements.
  • FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show possible configurations of dark elements.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the location of dark elements according to the common technical practice.
  • FIG. 9, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show various examples of a dark elements arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a dark element configuration for modulation of data symbolic marks by dark elements.
  • FIG. 13 shows a next realisation of modulation by dark elements.
  • FIG. 14 shows a next favourable embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows areas evaluated at reading a data symbolic mark sequentially in both directions by both axes of symmetry.
  • FIG. 16 shows mark area modulation by dark elements placed in the surrounding of the intersection of the axes of symmetry, in an area not influencing on the discrimination quality of the mark.
  • FIG. 17 shows a procedure using a separate protected path for a part of an information with a separate invariable standard contents (mask, blank form).
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 A first embodiment according to this invention is shown on FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Areas most outlying to both axes of symmetry along their either sides are situated in the ABCD areas in four corners of the area of the mark.
  • the weighing function of an elements location V ep I C x I +
  • FIG. 3 shows V ep values for a possible location of dark elements on the area of a symbolic data mark the size of 10 x 10 elements.
  • the elements of outlying corners are multiply significant for discriminability of the binary statuses.
  • An example of a mark realisation according to this invention is such that one status is given by a presence of dark elements in the most outlying corners of the area of the mark (A, D), and the second status is given by a presence of dark elements in other two corners (B, C) and an absence of dark elements in the second complementary corners of the area.
  • one status of a symbolic data mark is given by a presence of dark elements in outlying positions of the area A and outlying positions of the area B
  • the second status is given by a presence of dark elements in areas of other two corners C and D and an absence of dark elements in the complementary areas (A and B). It is apparent that one status can be likewise represented by a presence of elements in the areas A and C and by an absence in the second two areas (B and D), and the second status by a presence of dark elements in the areas B and D and an absence in the areas A and C.
  • FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 show possible configurations of dark elements (there are shown one corner and a half of elements only), wherein the number of dark elements is a parameter (16 elements, 14 elements, 12 elements).
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the method used in the previous common technical practice and illustrate the small contribution of the central areas of a mark, but that significant one what concerns of filling of the number of maximal allowed dark elements.
  • FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11 show various examples of realisation of an arrangement of dark elements according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 An example of the method of discrimination of two statuses of a symbolic data mark is shown on FIG. 11 , that is based on adding of the quantitative values of an element scheme of two corners symmetrical to both axes and subtracting of the aggregate of the quantitative value of an element scheme of the two remaining areas symmetrical in regard to those previous by both axes.
  • the sign of the result refers the represented mark binary status. In some cases is more optimal to use a more complicated, but still computing simple procedure which gives a reliable result of the represented value and at the same time also a correction of the expected location of the area of a mark.
  • FIG. 12 show an example of a configuration of dark elements for modulation of an area of data symbolic marks by dark elements which in a total grid of data symbolic marks represents a graphic pattern (for instance logo, state sign etc.). Modulating dark elements are recorded in this case to the central area of the mark and can be of various number according to the degree of modulation. These dark elements neither improve nor retrograde the discriminability of the represented status of the symmetric data mark. The number of grey scheme levels which can be recorded as a modulation is given by the maximal allowed element number for modulation.
  • FIG 13 shows such a next realisation of modulation by dark elements, that dark elements of modulation are added to the dark elements representing a logical value. Modulating elements contribute to a discriminability of two represented statuses of a mark thereby.
  • FIG. 14 A next preferred embodiment in agreement with the invention is on FIG. 14, whereon two systems of data symbolic marks are shown, each uses symmetry by one symmetry axis.
  • FIG. 14 A next preferred embodiment in agreement with the invention is on FIG. 14 whereon two systems of data symbolic marks are shown, each uses symmetry by one axis of symmetry.
  • FIG. 15 shows areas which are evaluated at reading of a data symbolic mark concurrently in both directions by both axes of symmetry.
  • FIG. 16 shows modulation of the area of a mark by dark elements located in the surroundings of the intersection of the axes of symmetry, in an area which doesn't influence on the discrimination quality of the mark.
  • Characteristics of symbolic data marks the robustness of the algorithm of reading and initialisation thereof create the necessary qualification for feasibility of usage of a field of marks printed on one substrate as an overlay with the inherent document, relatively independent on its density.
  • Printing of an inherent document as an overlay upon a field of marks carrying an information represents just disturbances in an information channel in a large scale.
  • the submitted solution uses a selective extract of protected information from a file or other data source (generally all alphanumerical marks, with their positional information) which are processed, and then represented by a field of symbolic data marks. Repeated patterns and graphical shapes (for instance logo) are not changed in the given category, type of a document and can be transmitted by a single-shot, independent path.
  • this part will be combined with the invariable part (mask, blank form) in a whole corresponding to the original document visually, however with an acknowledged contents.
  • FIG. 17 shows a process using a separate protected path for a part of an information with a separate invariable standard contents (mask, blank form). Both parts will be merged on the place of reconstruction and verification.
  • a two-dimensional area dedicated for recording of symbolic data marks will be divided into a grid of horizontally and vertically repeating areas available for location of one mark.
  • a symmetry axis will be determined in horizontal as well as vertical direction. Lines of equal distances to both the axes of symmetry will be determined.
  • the maximal aggregate area of an unit symbolic data mark i.e. the maximal number of dark elements for representation of one logical status by a mark will be determined. For each possible position of a dark element, the aggregate of its distances to both the axes of symmetry will be determined.
  • the maximal allowed distances of dark elements to the lines of equal distances to the axes of symmetry will be determined.
  • the areas of the maximal aggregate of the dark element distances to both the axes of symmetry will be determined.
  • One a half of the maximal number of dark elements will be recorded in one of four such areas so that the aggregate of their distances to both the axes to be the maximal one, and at the same time these elements to be not more outlying to the line of equal distances to the axes of symmetry than a maximal distance allowed by us and these elements to be recorded in the available area of a mark.
  • the second half of the maximal number of dark elements will be recorded in an area symmetrically located in regard to both axes of symmetry of the available area of the mark.
  • Localisation of the positions of the beginnings and ends of the rows and columns of the areas of symbolic data marks for this favourable embodiment will be performed by evaluation of the positions of image points in regard to a margin of the paper what concerns of the periodicity of the variation of the presence of dark points, where the first point having such characteristic determines one initial co-ordinate of the origin of the rows (columns).
  • Elimination of distortions of the beginnings of individual rows (columns) will be reached by creation of a curve that is a linear approximation of all found beginnings of rows (columns) and by placing a straight line parallel to such linear approximation and by a translation moving of such straight line till to its first contact with the linear approximation and subsequent rotation thereof around the subjected point till a second intersection is found. Further, the outlying points of the original collection of the found beginnings are filtered and a periodical concentration of points (clusters) is detected.
  • Example 2 A second favourable embodiment of recording of symbolic data marks consists in utilisation of placing of dark elements symmetrically to a one axis of symmetry only. Two systems of axes, a horizontal one and a vertical one, perpendicular to each other, will be specified in the whole area specified for symmetric data marks. One system of marks will be placed on connection lines between the intersections of the first system of axes with the second system of axes and the second system of marks will be placed on the connection lines between the intersections of the second system of axes with the first system. The maximal number of dark elements appropriate for a representation of one status of a symbolic data mark will be specified.
  • Dark elements will be recorded onto locations maximally outlying to the middle of a connection line of intersections, thus to the axis of the symmetry of the mark. Dark elements of marks will be such placed (recorded on the substrate) that all dark points of one logical status will be located on one a half of the mentioned connection line or close to it, where dark elements are of the minimal given distance to the intersections of axes and of maximal given distance to the connection line of the intersections.
  • the second represented status has all or the majority of dark elements located on the opposite half of the mentioned connection line, with keeping the limitations of distances to connection lines and intersections.
  • reading of recorded marks consists in evaluation of the status of areas on either sides from the middle of the connection line of intersections what concerns of a presence of dark areas, and the value represented by the symbolic data mark and one part of the correction of the mark location will be expressly determined by comparison of the quantitative values of the darks elements. Mutual comparison of the aggregates of the values of the dark elements of both the sides of the expected connection line of intersections gives one part of the correction of the mark location.
  • modulation of the marks area will be performed by placing of an appropriate number of dark elements (according to the modulation intensity of the given point - in the given mark) close to the intersection of the axes of symmetry of the connection lines of the intersections of both the systems of axes.
  • This step will be repeated till the difference of the most outlying point to the straight line of the running linear approximation isn't less than the given minimum.
  • the specification of nearest points will be performed likewise also in the remaining three directions.
  • the first symmetric mark will be found on a straight line parallel to the straight line of the last linear approximation in the half distance of the vertical axes distance. Moreover, the location of the mark in the second direction will be obtained likewise.
  • a transparent protection of a document specified for a printing will be performed, which protection uses data symbolic marks according to other aspects of this invention, where the whole data form of the document or some parts thereof will be recorded on one printing substrate overlaid with a human readable document form. It is possible to read and reconstruct backward the original data form of the document thereof.
  • a favourable embodiment of the invention according to this aspect consists in extracting of the data contents, or a part thereof specified for protection from the file dedicated for printing by the original application. These data will be transformed by a collection of algorithms including a compressing, encryption, self-correction coding, electronic signature, time marking.
  • the data specified for modulation of the protected document (such as logo, graphical patterns, state sign etc.) will be transformed further to the form and format of the collection of symbolic data marks.
  • the document On the place of usage and authentication (checking), the document will be scanned to insert it in a computer, further, reading of data symbolic marks according to other aspects of this invention will be performed, and a transformation of the detected and extracted data according to the collection of algorithms including the compressing, encryption, self- correction coding, electronic signature, time marking etc. will be performed to reconstruct and authenticate the data recorded in a machine readable form. Further, the data will be merged with the data transmitted by other communication line and the result thereof will be viewed or used for a next processing in a computer on the place of checking or data using.
  • Such a favourable embodiment of one aspect of the invention represents a data channel on the background of human readable data, where such channel assures a data and security continuation by means of the printed document.
  • Such an embodiment represents contrary to OCR techniques 100% data reconstruction on paper and uses mechanisms of the current common technical practice developed for protection of electronic documents.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un document lisible automatiquement qui implique des marques symboliques numériques contenant un nombre constant récapitulatif d'éléments sombres au travers de la totalité de l'enregistrement qui consiste: en un support d'enregistrement tel que du papier ou un autre substrat d'impression d'enregistrement; en des marques symboliques numériques imprimées sur ce support d'enregistrement et arrangées dans une grille sur des positions au moyen de caractéristiques se répétant de façon périodique tant dans le sens horizontal que dans le sens vertical; en un texte ou un graphique imprimés en superposition au moyen de marques symboliques numériques; en des éléments de modulation d'enregistrement effectuée au moyen d'un motif graphique.
PCT/SK2000/000016 1999-08-23 2000-08-22 Document lisible automatiquement Ceased WO2001015071A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU70489/00A AU7048900A (en) 1999-08-23 2000-08-22 Machine readable record

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SKPV1154-99 1999-08-23
SK115499 1999-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001015071A1 true WO2001015071A1 (fr) 2001-03-01

Family

ID=20434313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SK2000/000016 Ceased WO2001015071A1 (fr) 1999-08-23 2000-08-22 Document lisible automatiquement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7048900A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001015071A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005015487A1 (fr) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-17 Dusan Kocis Donnees lisibles par machine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5245165A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-14 Xerox Corporation Self-clocking glyph code for encoding dual bit digital values robustly
US5436974A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-07-25 Innovator Corporation Method of encoding confidentiality markings
US5541396A (en) * 1991-07-19 1996-07-30 Rentsch; Frederic Method of representing binary data

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5541396A (en) * 1991-07-19 1996-07-30 Rentsch; Frederic Method of representing binary data
US5245165A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-09-14 Xerox Corporation Self-clocking glyph code for encoding dual bit digital values robustly
US5436974A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-07-25 Innovator Corporation Method of encoding confidentiality markings

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005015487A1 (fr) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-17 Dusan Kocis Donnees lisibles par machine
JP2007501976A (ja) * 2003-08-08 2007-02-01 ドゥシャン コチシュ 紙または他のキャリヤ上の背景のデータチャネル

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7048900A (en) 2001-03-19

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