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WO2001001790A1 - Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier - Google Patents

Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001001790A1
WO2001001790A1 PCT/AU1999/000541 AU9900541W WO0101790A1 WO 2001001790 A1 WO2001001790 A1 WO 2001001790A1 AU 9900541 W AU9900541 W AU 9900541W WO 0101790 A1 WO0101790 A1 WO 0101790A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
animal feed
blocks
composition
magnesium oxide
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1999/000541
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Richard Stansby
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RIDLEY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
RIDLEY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Corp Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AUPP1153A priority Critical patent/AUPP115397A0/en
Priority claimed from AUPP1153A external-priority patent/AUPP115397A0/en
Priority to AU80873/98A priority patent/AU707606B3/en
Application filed by RIDLEY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Corp Ltd filed Critical RIDLEY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Corp Ltd
Priority to PCT/AU1999/000541 priority patent/WO2001001790A1/fr
Priority to AU45931/99A priority patent/AU4593199A/en
Priority to AU43527/99A priority patent/AU725349B2/en
Publication of WO2001001790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001001790A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/40—Mineral licks, e.g. salt blocks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an animal feed composition which contains settable liquid ingredients and particularly relates to shaped solid animal feed supplements which contain magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate as the setting agents.
  • Animal growth rate and fertility can be improved by supplementing the diet with supplemental feedstuffs which are fortified with nutrients such as proteins and minerals.
  • feed blocks containing such nutrients to grazing ruminants and known types of blocks are salt blocks or salt licks, mineral blocks, protein blocks and molasses blocks. It is also known to provide supplemental feedstuffs in the form of loose mixes, pellets, licks, liquids and powders but, in practice, feed blocks are preferred as blocks have the advantage of allowing free choice feeding and reducing the labour required in the feeding out process. Animal feed blocks can also be made weather resistant and so do not require sheltered feeding locations. The feed blocks can be easily transported from one location to another.
  • feed blocks prepared in this manner require large amounts of pressure to press the blocks and this in turn requires large capital equipment. Blocks produced in this way are also not particularly weatherproof and the pressures need to be varied depending on the ingredients in the block. This makes producing a range of blocks difficult and quite expensive.
  • Emulsifiers such as gelatinized starch have been used in the preparation of animal feed blocks containing molasses and fatty materials.
  • magnesium oxide is available as “reactive” magnesium oxide and “non- reactive", “dead-buried”, “inactive” magnesium oxide.
  • the reactive form of magnesium oxide is used as a setting agent and is of sufficient reactivity, particle size surface area and citric acid activity to form a suitably hard block in an acceptable period of time.
  • Non-reactive magnesium oxide is not sufficiently reactive for use as a setting agent.
  • the non-reactive form is also used in animal feed block production as a nutritional source of magnesium.
  • Such bocks include setting agents other than magnesium oxide. It is known to prepare an animal feed block using magnesium oxide and ferrous sulfate together with various additives to give a solid block. The ferrous sulfate is initially mixed with various nutrients including major minerals and trace elements, and magnesium oxide is added.
  • To manufacture blocks having good weatherability and hardness using ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide required careful selection of the various other additives, and usable feed blocks cannot readily be manufactured with many desired additives. The variety of feed blocks which can be made in this manner is therefore quite limited.
  • animal feed blocks can be made from magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate, and optionally other components by adding sufficient water to liquify or slurry the components and pouring the slurry into moulds with the composition still being able to harden into commercially usable blocks.
  • French patent specification 8,007,259 describes a mineral pre- mix for manufacture of animal blocks using magnesium sulfate as a setting agent.
  • the magnesium oxide is described as a nutritional source of magnesium to the animal.
  • blocks having acceptable weatherability and water resistance can be manufactured using magnesium sulfate and reactive magnesium oxide mixed with sufficient water to provide a pourable mixture which can subsequently set.
  • the French patent specification teaches only the addition of inorganic water soluble elements to provide the blocks and there is no description or teaching that other ingredients can also be added and which can set into an acceptable block.
  • the French patent specification does not teach or disclose any organic ingredients such as meal, lupins, soy bean or oil. There is no teaching in the French patent specification that introduction of these organic components would result in an acceptable block.
  • German patent specification 1,925,180 is mainly directed to a fertiliser but has some description to the use of the compositions as mineral feeds.
  • the compositions are described as being magnesium-calcium- phosphate compositions and indeed all the claims are directed to the manufacture of such a composition.
  • reactive magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate can be used as efficient setting agents to manufacture feed blocks of acceptable weatherability and hardness while still being able to incorporation a very large range of other additives without compromising the weatherability of the blocks.
  • animal feed blocks or other types of solid shaped animal feed compositions can be prepared without requiring heating or pressure pressing as an essential step, and useful blocks can be made with a large range of additives, and is not necessarily limited to a narrow range of additives.
  • the invention resides in a shaped animal feed composition comprising at least reactive magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate as setting agents.
  • the invention resides in a shaped animal feed composition comprising at least reactive magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate as setting agents and where the composition has been formed by mixing the components of the composition with sufficient water to allow the mixture to be simply poured into moulds and subsequently set.
  • the invention resides in a method of manufacturing an animal feed composition
  • a method of manufacturing an animal feed composition comprising adding to the composition reactive magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate, adding sufficient water to the composition to allow it to be poured into moulds, and subsequently allowing the composition to set to form animal feed blocks.
  • the amount of magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide in the block can vary to suit the other additives in the block, the desired weatherability, hardness of the block and the like.
  • the feed composition can comprise between 1 to 50% by weight and preferably between about 2 to about 15% by weight of reactive magnesium sulfate and between 1 to 50% by weight and more preferably between about 2 to about 15% by weight of reactive magnesium oxide.
  • the ratio between magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate can be from 1 :1 up to 2:1 with larger amounts of magnesium oxide relative to magnesium sulfate increasing the hardness of the blocks.
  • the size and shape of the shaped feed composition can vary and can comprise small cubes or pellets which can be mixed with other animal feedstuffs, or larger blocks which can be licked or nibbled by the animals.
  • the blocks can weight between, for instance, a gram or less to up to 1 tonne or more depending on their use.
  • the feed composition can contain a variety of additives which can include organic and inorganic additives.
  • the additives may include various inorganic ingredients such as salt, urea, calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate; phosphate additives such as ammonium polyphosphate and tetra sodium pyrophosphate. These additives can be between about 5 to about 80% by weight of the composition. It will be appreciated that the block can also contain non- reactive magnesium oxide as a nutritional source of magnesium oxide.
  • additives can include feedstuffs such as cotton seed meal, soy bean meal, mill run, lupins, molasses, dunder, other molasses byproducts (dried); grains, cereals, legumes, straw, hay, soy flakes, dried alfalfa, soy meal, wheat middlings, corn; fats such as edible animal and vegetable fats and oils, for instance soy bean oil, cotton seed oil, fish oil, grease, tallow, beef fat and the like; barley meal, blood meal, dried buttermilk, linseed meal, meat and bone meal, peanut meal, rice meal and sunflower meal. If these additives are present, they can be present in an amount of up to about 50% by weight or more.
  • feedstuffs such as cotton seed meal, soy bean meal, mill run, lupins, molasses, dunder, other molasses byproducts (dried); grains, cereals, legumes, straw, hay, soy flakes, dried alfalfa,
  • the feed composition may include various vitamins, trace elements and minerals, and if these are present, they can be present in an amount of up to about 10% by weight or more.
  • These ingredients include copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulphur, zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxide, iodines, potassium iodate, selenium and its compounds such as sodium selenite and the like.
  • Added vitamins may include vitamins A, E, the B group vitamins, D and K.
  • the feed composition may include further additives such as clays including the bentonite and kaolin clays.
  • Other additives such as medicaments, antimicrobials, probiotics, enzymes, insecticides and anthelmintics may be added to the composition in an amount to about 25% by weight.
  • Water is added to the composition in sufficient amounts to allow the composition to be poured into moulds.
  • the water can include aqueous solutions as well as substantially pure water. If the components of the composition are already watery (e.g. molasses), a smaller amount of extra water can be added. If the components absorb water, a larger amount of water may need to be added provided that sufficient water exists to allow the composition to be poured into moulds.
  • the composition can contain up to about 30% by weight of water.
  • salt enriched blocks Because of the difficulty in manufacturing pressed blocks with a high salt content, these blocks have hitherto been limited to relatively small sizes (typically 25kg or less) as the pressure required to form larger blocks requires extremely expensive capital equipment. It is found that the present invention allows salt enriched blocks to be formed without requiring pressure or heat with the blocks having desirable hardness, palatability and weatherability. Thus, salt enriched blocks of up to 1000kg or more can now be manufactured in an economical manner. By using reactive magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate as setting agents in the feed composition, it has now surprisingly and unexpectedly been found that a greater range of raw materials can be included into the block formation thereby offering more flexibility in the nutrient analysis of the supplement.
  • Feed blocks made according to the present invention also appear to show improved weatherability allowing the blocks to be used under various weather conditions (expensive covered feeders do not appear to be necessary). Also, the blocks can be manufactured using simple economical machinery without the requirement of high heat input or high pressure.
  • Magnesium oxide is well-known as an ingredient of animal feed compositions and reactive magnesium oxide is known as a setting agent. It appears that the reactive magnesium oxide has water binding properties to facilitate the formation of a hard feed block. However, reactive magnesium oxide by itself provides blocks having undesirable strength and stability, and the time required to harden the blocks is undesirable. After much research and experimentation, we have found that improvements can be made to the block and methods of making the block by including magnesium sulfate in the formulation as a setting agent.
  • the reactive magnesium oxide can be obtained from various commercial sources.
  • magnesium sulfate is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate as this product is available commercially and is relatively easy to work with.
  • magnesium sulfate appears to dramatically improve the weatherability of the shaped animal feed composition.
  • Tests have shown that blocks containing magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide can be immersed in water for extended periods of time and show only minimal weathering at the surface.
  • these blocks are particularly suitable for high phosphate-containing blocks and high urea-containing blocks which may be toxic if overconsumption occurs due to block softening from exposure to water.
  • water or an aqueous mixture, is preferably added to reduce the viscosity of the block mix, to improve the intermixing of the various components and to allow the mixed product to be poured into moulds for setting.
  • the amount of water can be varied with lower levels of water producing harder blocks.
  • the additives are water-containing (for instance molasses, dunder or liquid whey), less water can be added to provide the required viscosity. It appears that magnesium sulfate reduces the viscosity of the mix thereby allowing lower levels of water to be included in the formulation while maintaining flowability. Thus, harder blocks can be formed using magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide than would be possible by using magnesium oxide by itself or in a mixture with other ingredients.
  • the shaped animal feed composition can be produced simply and economically, and there is no strict order of addition of the raw materials.
  • liquid raw materials and soluble raw materials are added together followed by insoluble raw materials with the reactive magnesium oxide being added last.
  • the magnesium sulfate prevents premature setting of the composition before it can be properly mixed and poured into moulds.
  • time delays between raw material addition There appears to be no requirement for time delays between raw material addition and therefore the production rate is limited only to the speed by which the raw materials can be added to the mixer, blended together and poured into the moulds for setting.
  • the setting time for the blocks is somewhat dependent on the choice of raw materials and ambient temperatures. External heat can be applied if it is necessary to set the blocks more quickly. It is found that blocks with low levels of molasses (typically 10% or less) set within 3 to 24 hours, while blocks with up to 50% molasses may take up to 7 days to set.
  • the blocks have acceptable hardness and a typical range of hardness is from 4Kg cm 2 to 50Kg cm 2 . It can be seen that these hardnesses are quite surprising and unexpected considering the amount of water added to the composition to allow it to be poured into moulds. To date, conventional teaching has been away from adding too much water as the blocks were considered to be too soft and therefore unusable. The present invention has realised that this is not the case with the careful selection of the setting agents. Throughout this specification (including the claims) unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. It should be appreciated that various other changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à former un bloc d'aliment pour animaux, qui comporte les étapes consistant à : mélanger au moins un constituant d'aliment pour animaux avec du sulfate de magnésium et un oxyde de magnésium réactif pour former une composition, régler la teneur en eau de la composition de sorte que celle-ci puisse être versée dans un moule, laisser la composition se solidifier au moins partiellement dans le moule.
PCT/AU1999/000541 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier Ceased WO2001001790A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP1153A AUPP115397A0 (en) 1997-12-23 1997-12-23 Animal feed composition
AU80873/98A AU707606B3 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-08-24 Animal feed composition made from settable liquid ingredients
PCT/AU1999/000541 WO2001001790A1 (fr) 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier
AU45931/99A AU4593199A (en) 1999-07-01 1999-07-01 Animal feed composition made from settable liquid ingredients
AU43527/99A AU725349B2 (en) 1997-12-23 1999-08-10 Animal feed composition made from settable liquid ingredients

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP1153A AUPP115397A0 (en) 1997-12-23 1997-12-23 Animal feed composition
AU80873/98A AU707606B3 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-08-24 Animal feed composition made from settable liquid ingredients
PCT/AU1999/000541 WO2001001790A1 (fr) 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001001790A1 true WO2001001790A1 (fr) 2001-01-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1999/000541 Ceased WO2001001790A1 (fr) 1997-12-23 1999-07-01 Composition d'aliment pour animaux a base d'ingredients liquides pouvant se solidifier

Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AU707606B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001001790A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006034098A1 (fr) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Can Technologies, Inc. Complément alimentaire minéral pour animaux
US20120021090A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2012-01-26 Lush Raymon W Wild bird feed and method of making same
US9980910B2 (en) 2010-11-16 2018-05-29 Provimi North America, Inc. Enteric-coated sodium metabisulfite livestock feed additive for vomitoxin detoxification
EP3247221A4 (fr) * 2015-01-23 2018-08-08 Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd Produit et procédé procurant enrichissement et facilitant l'expression de comportements naturels chez les porcs
US10548338B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2020-02-04 Norman J. Smallwood Use of spent bleaching earth from edible oil processing in the formulation of salt and mineral feed blocks or pellets for livestock
US10743565B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2020-08-18 Can Technologies, Inc. Feed pellets and related systems and methods
US10813374B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-27 Ridley USA Inc. Low moisture feed block with cold flow resistance

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1925180A1 (de) * 1969-05-17 1970-11-26 Mueller Dr Dipl Chem Frank Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumalkaliphosphat-Gips-Mischverbindungen und deren Verwendung
FR2478954A1 (fr) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-02 Landrivon Henri Composition minerale complementaire pour l'alimentation des animaux
EP0231079A2 (fr) * 1986-01-16 1987-08-05 Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties Inc Liant chimiquement réactif pour nourriture pour animaux
WO1988001475A1 (fr) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-10 Martin Marietta Corporation Liant reactif destine a des aliments pour animaux
WO1994003073A1 (fr) * 1992-08-05 1994-02-17 Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties Inc. Liant alimentaire nutritif
AU4617896A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-09-04 Maple Leaf Foods Inc Particulate feed supplement
US5786007A (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-07-28 Webb; Bob Nutritive magnesium sulfite/magnesium sulfate binder for animal feed

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1925180A1 (de) * 1969-05-17 1970-11-26 Mueller Dr Dipl Chem Frank Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumalkaliphosphat-Gips-Mischverbindungen und deren Verwendung
FR2478954A1 (fr) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-02 Landrivon Henri Composition minerale complementaire pour l'alimentation des animaux
EP0231079A2 (fr) * 1986-01-16 1987-08-05 Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties Inc Liant chimiquement réactif pour nourriture pour animaux
WO1988001475A1 (fr) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-10 Martin Marietta Corporation Liant reactif destine a des aliments pour animaux
WO1994003073A1 (fr) * 1992-08-05 1994-02-17 Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties Inc. Liant alimentaire nutritif
AU4617896A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-09-04 Maple Leaf Foods Inc Particulate feed supplement
US5786007A (en) * 1996-07-01 1998-07-28 Webb; Bob Nutritive magnesium sulfite/magnesium sulfate binder for animal feed

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006034098A1 (fr) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-30 Can Technologies, Inc. Complément alimentaire minéral pour animaux
US8993038B2 (en) 2004-09-20 2015-03-31 Patrick A. Jobe Mineral feed supplement
US20120021090A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2012-01-26 Lush Raymon W Wild bird feed and method of making same
US9980910B2 (en) 2010-11-16 2018-05-29 Provimi North America, Inc. Enteric-coated sodium metabisulfite livestock feed additive for vomitoxin detoxification
US10548338B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2020-02-04 Norman J. Smallwood Use of spent bleaching earth from edible oil processing in the formulation of salt and mineral feed blocks or pellets for livestock
US10624367B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2020-04-21 Norman J. Smallwood Use of spent bleaching earth from edible oil processing in the formulation of salt and mineral feed blocks or pellets for livestock
US10813374B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-27 Ridley USA Inc. Low moisture feed block with cold flow resistance
US11950609B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2024-04-09 Ridley USA Inc. Low moisture feed block with cold flow resistance
US10743565B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2020-08-18 Can Technologies, Inc. Feed pellets and related systems and methods
EP3247221A4 (fr) * 2015-01-23 2018-08-08 Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd Produit et procédé procurant enrichissement et facilitant l'expression de comportements naturels chez les porcs
US11700868B2 (en) 2015-01-23 2023-07-18 Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd Product and method for providing enrichment and facilitating expression of natural behaviors in pigs
EP4342304A3 (fr) * 2015-01-23 2024-06-05 Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd Produit et procédé pour fournir un enrichissement et faciliter l'expression de comportements naturels chez les porcs

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