WO2001090476A1 - High speed textile fibre preparations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to high-speed textile fibre preparations, containing (a) esterquats, (b) fatty acid amidoamines and (c) ethoxylated non-ionic tensides.

Description

High-speed spinning fiber preparations

Field of the Invention

The invention is in the field of textile technology and relates to new spun fiber preparations for the high-speed range and the use of certain mixtures for the production of such preparations.

State of the art

Precise control of the forces acting on the fibers is extremely important in both the manufacture and processing of synthetic fibers. Basically, the influencing factors can be divided into two groups: acceleration forces, which are transferred from the rotating rollers to the fibers, for example, and friction forces, which arise from the friction of the fibers on hard surfaces. In order to counteract the friction, i.e. the thread breakage, one of the tried and tested means is to treat the yarn with a so-called spun fiber preparation, which is simply an aqueous preparation which on the one hand has a lubricating effect and on the other hand the static charge between the fibers as well as between thread and reel.

Although a large number of such preparations are known from the prior art and numerous articles and books have appeared on the subject of avoiding friction in connection with yarn production, various problems have not yet been satisfactorily solved to date. A disadvantage of the known spun fiber preparations is, for example, that although they have a sufficient lubricating effect in the medium speed range, they are hardly suitable for modern high-speed processes in the range from 100,000 to 110,000 rpm. It is also particularly disadvantageous that conventional preparations can only be used for processing undyed fibers, since they tend to dissolve dyes under the usual texturing conditions and thus bleed out the fiber. This is also accompanied by an increase in deposits on the rollers.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide new spun fiber preparations which also enable the processing of dyed fibers or yarns and at the same time are suitable for high-speed processes. Description of the invention

The invention relates to high-speed spun fiber preparations containing

(a) esterquats,

(b) fatty acid amidoamines and

(c) ethoxylated nonionic surfactants.

Surprisingly, it was found that the preparations according to the invention not only significantly reduce the static charge, have an excellent lubricating effect and in this way also permit high-speed processing of yarns without thread breaks or deposits on the rolls, but also the undesired bleeding of colored ones Synthetic fibers or yarns, in particular based on polyacrylate or polyester fibers, are reliably prevented.

esterquats

The term "ester quats" is generally understood to mean quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts. These are known substances that can be obtained using the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. In this context, reference is made to international patent application WO 91/01295 (Henkel), according to which triethanolamine is partially esterified with fatty acids in the presence of hypophosphorous acid, air is passed through and then quaternized with dimethyl sulfate or ethylene oxide. German patent DE 4308794 Cl (Henkel) also discloses a process for the preparation of solid ester quats, in which the quaternization of triethanolamine esters is carried out in the presence of suitable dispersants, preferably fatty alcohols. Overviews on this topic have been published, for example, by R.Puchta et al. in Tens.Surf.Det., 30, 186 (1993), M.Brock in Tens.Surf.Det. 30: 394 (1993) R. Lagerman et al. in J.Am. Oil.Chem.Soc, 71, 97 (1994) and I.Shapiro in Cosm.Toil. 109, 77 (1994) appeared.

The quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts follow the formula (I) R ⁴

I

[R ¹ CO- (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _m OCH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X ^" (I) I

CH ₂ CH ₂ 0 (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _p R ³

in which R ^ O represents an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ independently of one another are hydrogen or R ^x CO, R ^{4 represents} an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _q H- Group, m, n and p in total stands for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12, q for numbers from 1 to 12 and X for halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. Typical examples of ester quats which can be used in the context of the invention are products based on caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, isostearic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures , as they occur, for example, in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils. Fatty acids with 16 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular stearic acid, behenic acid and partially hydrogenated C _{16 /} ι ₈ tallow fatty acid, are preferably used. The fatty acids and the triethanolamine can be used in a molar ratio of 1.1: 1 to 3: 1 to produce the quaternized esters. With regard to the application properties of the ester quats, an application ratio of 1.2: 1 to 2.2: 1, preferably 1.5: 1 to 1.9: 1, has proven to be particularly advantageous. The preferred esterquats are technical mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters with an average degree of esterification of 1.5 to 1.9 and are derived from technical Ci _{6 /} i ₈ - tallow or palm fatty acid (iodine number 0 to 40) , From an application point of view, quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts of the formula (I) have proven to be particularly advantageous in which R ^ O for an acyl radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, R ² for R ^x CO, R ³ for hydrogen, R ⁴ for a methyl group, m , n and p is 0 and X is methyl sulfate. Corresponding products are on the market under the Dehyquart® AU brand (Cognis Deutschland GmbH).

In addition to the quaternized fatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with diethanolalkylamines of the formula (II) are also suitable as esterquats, I

[R ¹ CO- (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _m OCH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X ^" (II) I

R ⁵

in which R ^ O stands for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and X represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.

Finally, the quaternized ester salts of fatty acids with 1,2-dihydroxypropyl dialkylamines of the formula (III) should be mentioned as a further group of suitable ester quats,

R ⁶ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _m OCR ¹

I I

[R ⁴ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CHCH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X (III)

in the R ^x CO for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁴ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and X represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.

Furthermore, suitable ester quats are substances in which the ester bond is replaced by an amide bond and which preferably follow the formula (IV) based on diethylenetriamine,

R ⁶

1 [R ¹ CO-NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -NH-R ² ] X- (IV)

IR ⁷

in which R ^ O is an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. Such amide ester quats are available on the market, for example, under the Incroquat® (Croda) brand. Finally, suitable esterquats are also substances which are obtainable on the basis of ethoxylated castor oil or its hardening products and preferably follow the formula (V)

R ⁹ R ¹⁰

I I

[R ⁸ CO-N- [A] -N ⁺ -R ¹² ] X- (V)

I

R ¹¹

in which R ⁸ CO for a saturated and / or unsaturated ethoxylated hydroxyacyl radical with 16 to 22, preferably 18 carbon atoms and 1 to 50 oxyethylene units, A for a linear or branched alkylene radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently one another represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{12 represents} an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and X represents halogen, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate.

With regard to the selection of the preferred fatty acids and the optimal degree of esterification, the examples given for (I) also apply to the esterquats of the formulas (II) to (V).

Both fatty acids and the corresponding triglycerides can be used to prepare the esterquats of the formulas (I) to (V). Such a method, which is to be named as representative of the corresponding prior art, is proposed in the European patent EP 0750606 B1 (Cognis). It is also possible to carry out the condensation of the alkanolamines with the fatty acids in the presence of defined amounts of dicarboxylic acids, such as, for example, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sorbic acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and / or dodecanedioic acid. This results in a partially oligomeric structure of the ester quats, which can have an advantageous effect on the clear solubility of the products, particularly when adipic acid is also used. Corresponding products under the brand Dehyquart® D 6003 (Cognis Deutschland GmbH) are commercially available and are described, for example, in European Patent EP 0770594 Bl (Cognis). The esterquats usually come on the market in the form of 50 to 90% strength by weight alcoholic solutions, which can be diluted with water if required. fatty acid

The fatty acid amidoamines that are suitable as component (b) are known pseudo-cationic compounds, the condensation products of C ₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, dipropylenetriamine and / or tripropylenetetramine represent. Typical examples are the reaction products of the di- or oligoamines mentioned with lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures. From an application point of view, the use of the condensation product of behenic acid with diethylenetriamine (DETA) is particularly preferred.

Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants

Addition products of an average of 20 to 150, preferably 30 to 100 and in particular 40 to 75 moles of ethylene oxide onto primary C ₈ -C ₂₂ alcohols or C ₈ -C ₂₂ triglycerides come in as ethoxylated nonionic surfactants which form component (c) Question. The ethoxylates can be prepared in a known manner, that is to say by base-catalyzed addition of ethylene oxide to the hydroxyl group of the alcohols or by hydrotalcite-catalyzed insertion of ethylene oxide into the carbonyl ester group and have both a conventionally broad and a narrowed homolog distribution.

Typical examples are the adducts of on average 20 to 150, preferably 30 to 100 and in particular 40 to 75 moles of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or oxo alcohols with 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, such as, for example, capron alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, Lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gaducyl alcohol and gado-eryl alcohol, gaducyl alcohol. The addition products of an average of 40 to 75 mol of ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol and behenyl alcohol are particularly preferred.

Further typical examples are the adducts of on average 20 to 150, preferably 30 to 100 and in particular 40 to 75 moles of ethylene oxide with synthetic or natural triglycerides which are derived from fatty acids with 8 to 22 and in particular 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Typical examples of suitable vegetable oils or animal fats are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil or beef tallow. However, the use of adducts of on average 20 to 300, preferably 50 to 250 and in particular 100 to 200 moles of castor oil and hardened castor oil is particularly preferred; here the addition takes place essentially to the secondary hydroxyl group in the fat chain.

Staple fiber preparations

With regard to the production of high-speed staple fiber preparations, which are notable for particularly little deposits on the rolls, such preparations have proven themselves

(a) 40 to 65, preferably 45 to 55% by weight of ester quats

(b) 10 to 20, preferably 12 to 18% by weight of fatty acid amidoamines and (c) 15 to 50, preferably 30 to 40% by weight of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants

with the proviso that the quantities, if necessary together with other auxiliaries and additives, add up to 100% by weight. Antistatic agents, thread closure agents, pH regulators, bactericides and / or corrosion inhibitors can be included as auxiliaries. As a rule, the amount of additives - based on the preparations - is up to 15% by weight in total, but the proportion is preferably 1 to 10% by weight.

For the purposes of the invention, the preparations are preferably used in the form of aqueous emulsions which can contain 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 15 to 25% by weight, of the preparation. These emulsions can be applied to the fibers or yarns in a conventional manner, for example by means of godets (so-called lick rolls) or metering pumps and application pens. Another form of application can be to pass the fibers or yarns through immersion baths. The preparations can be used at various points in the yarn production or yarn finishing, ie both immediately after extrusion, during texturing or during winding. In this context, the term staple fiber preparation is synonymous with texturing aids or winding oil. Industrial applicability

Another object of the invention finally relates to the use of mixtures containing

(a) esterquats,

(b) fatty acid amidoamines and

(c) ethoxylated nonionic surfactants

for the production of high-speed spun fiber preparations.

Examples

Red-dyed polyacrylic fibers were passed through immersion baths at 68 ° C. which contained 1% by weight aqueous solutions of various spin fiber preparations. The fibers were then subjected to high-speed texturing at a roll speed of 100,000 rpm over a period of 6 hours. The thread break was examined (+ = less than 1, o = 1 to 5, - = greater than 5), the formation of residues on the rolls (+ = residue-free, o = small residues, - = strong residues) and the bleeding of the fibers (+ = no bleeding, o = slight bleeding, - = heavy bleeding). The results are summarized in Table 1. Examples 1 and 2 are according to the invention, examples VI and V2 serve for comparison.

Table 1

Composition and application results of the spin finishes

2) Dehyquart® AU18 : Basis Stearinsäure 1) Dehyquart® AU 57: basis

2) Dehyquart® AU18: based on stearic acid

Claims

claims 1. Spun fiber preparations containing (a) esterquats, (b) fatty acid amidoamines and (c) ethoxylated nonionic surfactants. 2. staple fiber preparations according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain as component (a) ester quats of the formula (I), R ⁴ I [R ¹ CO- (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _m OCH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X- (I) I CH ₂ CH ₂ 0 (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _p R ³ in the R * CO for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² and R ³ independently of one another for hydrogen or R CO, R ⁴ for an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _q H group , m, n and p in total stand for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12, q stands for numbers from 1 to 12 and X stands for halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. 3. staple fiber preparations according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain as component (a) ester quats of the formula (II), R ⁴ I [R ¹ CO- (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _m OCH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X ^" (II) I R ⁵ in which R CO stands for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n in total for 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and X represents halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. , Spinning fiber preparations according to Claim 1, characterized in that they contain ester quats of the formula (III) as component (a), R ⁶ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _m OCR ¹ II [R ⁴ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CHCH ₂ 0- (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) _n R ² ] X- (III) I R ⁷ in the R ^ O for an acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁴ , R ⁶ and R ⁷ independently of one another are alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m and n in total are 0 or numbers from 1 to 12 and X is halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. 5. staple fiber preparations according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain as component (a) ester quats of the formula (IV), R ⁶ I [R ¹ CO-NH-CH ₂ CH ₂ -N ⁺ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -NH-R ² ] X ^" (IV) IR ⁷ in which R ^x CO stands for an acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ² for hydrogen or R ^ O, R ⁵ and R ⁷ independently of one another for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X for halide, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. 6. spinning fiber preparations according to claim 1, characterized in that they as Component (a) contain ester quats of the formula (V), R ⁹ R ¹⁰ I I [R ⁸ CO-N- [A] -N ⁺ -R ¹² ] X- (V) IR ¹¹ in which R ⁸ CO represents a saturated and / or unsaturated ethoxylated hydroxyacyl radical having 16 to 22, preferably 18 carbon atoms and 1 to 50 oxyethylene units, A represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently of one another represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ^{12 represents} an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and X represents halogen, alkyl sulfate or alkyl phosphate. 7. staple fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the esterquats are derived from fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. 8. staple fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they contain as component (b) condensation products of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acids with ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, dipropylenetriamine and / or tripropylenetetramine. 9. spinning fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that they contain as component (b) condensation products of behenic acid with diethylenetriamine. 10. Spinning fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they as component (c) addition products of average Contain 20 to 300 moles of ethylene oxide to primary C ₈ -C ₂₂ alcohols or triglycerides. 11. Spinning fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that they contain, as component (c) addition products of on average 50 to 200 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil. 12. Spin fiber preparations according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it (a) 40 to 65% by weight ester quats (b) 10 to 20% by weight of fatty acid amidoamines and (c) 15 to 50% by weight of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants with the proviso that the amounts given may add up to 100% by weight together with other auxiliaries and additives. 13. Use of mixtures containing (a) esterquats, (b) fatty acid amidoamines and (d) ethoxylated nonionic surfactants for the production of high-speed spun fiber preparations.